case study questions gender religion and caste

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 3 Gender, Religion and Caste

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science Political Science Gender, Religion and Caste. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Gender, Religion and Caste.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

Case Study 1:

Gender inequality remains a pressing issue in India, despite considerable progress over the years. Deeply rooted in societal norms, this problem affects women in various aspects of life, from education and employment to political participation and healthcare. India’s patriarchal society often restricts women’s access to equal opportunities, perpetuating disparities in income, leadership roles, and social rights. Gender-based violence and discrimination further exacerbate these inequalities. Efforts are being made to combat gender inequality, including legislative measures, women’s empowerment programs, and increased awareness. The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao initiative, for instance, aims to improve female education and tackle gender bias. While progress is being made, addressing gender inequality requires a concerted, sustained effort from all sectors of society. By recognizing the value of gender equity, India can unlock the full potential of all its citizens and promote a more inclusive and just society.

Q1) What do you understand by the term sexual division of labour? Mark1

Answer Women do all work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc., and men do all the work outside the home. It is not that men cannot do housework; they simply think that it is for women to attend to these things. This kind of division of work is known as sexual division of labour.

Q2) What do you mean by the term feminist? Mark 1

Answer A woman or a man who believes in equal rights an opportunities for women and men.

Q3) Describe the ways in which women face discrimination in India? Mark 2

Answer The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men. Proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs, is still very small. Parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is born.

Case Study 2:

Secularism is a foundational principle of the Indian Constitution, emphasizing the separation of religion and state. In India, this concept ensures that the government remains impartial and does not favor any particular religion, safeguarding the freedom of religious belief and practice for all citizens.

Secularism in India has played a pivotal role in preserving its diverse cultural, religious, and linguistic heritage. It promotes tolerance and mutual respect among various religious communities, allowing them to coexist harmoniously.

However, maintaining a secular state in a nation as religiously diverse as India is not without challenges. Instances of religious tension and intolerance have periodically arisen, testing the commitment to secularism. Nonetheless, India’s secularism remains a guiding principle, fostering unity in diversity and ensuring that the nation continues to celebrate its rich tapestry of faiths and beliefs. It stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to democratic ideals and religious freedom.

Q1) What do you understand by the term communal politics? Mark 1

Answer Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community. Communalism involves thinking along the following lines. The followers of a particular religion. Their fundamental interests are the same. Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life must belong to one community.

Q2) How does constitution of India follows secularism? Mark 2

Answer The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.

The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.

At the same time, the Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. For example, it bans untouchability.

Q3) What is the state religion of India? Mark 1

Answer India as a country don’t have any state religion it follows the principle of secularism .

Case Study 3:

Caste, a deeply ingrained social structure in India, has played a significant role in shaping the country’s political landscape. Caste-based politics has been an enduring aspect of Indian democracy since its inception. Caste considerations often influence voter behavior and candidate selection. Political parties frequently align with specific caste groups to secure electoral support. Reservation policies, which allocate seats in education and government jobs based on caste, have been implemented to address historical inequalities, but they also impact political dynamics. While these strategies have given marginalized communities a political voice, they have at times fueled caste-based divisions. The challenge lies in striking a balance between addressing historical injustices and fostering a more inclusive, caste-neutral politics. Caste in Indian politics remains a complex and contentious issue, reflecting the ongoing struggle to reconcile social identities with democratic ideals. Balancing the aspirations of diverse caste groups while upholding principles of equality and social justice remains a central challenge for the nation’s evolving political landscape

Q1) How does the caste system prevail in Indian politics? Mark 2

Answer The caste system influences Indian politics through caste-based voting, candidate selection, and reservation policies. Political parties often align with specific castes to secure support. Reservation policies aim to address historical inequalities but can also accentuate caste divisions, making caste a significant factor in political dynamics.

Q2 ) Suggest some measures to break the caste hierarchy in India ? Mark 2

Answer Education Reform: Promote universal education and awareness to eradicate caste-based discrimination.

Legal Framework: Enforce strict anti-discrimination laws.

Economic Empowerment: Encourage economic opportunities for marginalized castes through employment and entrepreneurship initiatives.

Social Integration: Foster inter-caste marriages and social interactions.

Sensitization Programs: Conduct campaigns to change societal attitudes and eliminate caste prejudices.

Case Study 4:

India’s political landscape has witnessed significant changes with the increasing presence of women in leadership roles. While gender disparity remains a challenge, women have made remarkable strides in Indian politics.

Historically, women like Indira Gandhi and Pratibha Patil have occupied the highest office in the land, breaking glass ceilings. Today, women hold crucial positions in various state governments and the central cabinet.

Reservations for women in local government, through Panchayati Raj institutions, have been a game-changer, enabling women to actively participate in decision-making. The Women’s Reservation Bill, which seeks to reserve seats for women in state legislatures and the national parliament, is an essential step in ensuring greater female representation.

However, challenges persist, including gender-based discrimination, violence, and societal expectations. Yet, women’s involvement in Indian politics is vital for balanced governance, and their continued advancement can further strengthen the nation’s democratic fabric. The journey of women in politics in India is a story of resilience, determination, and the gradual transformation of the political landscape.

Q1) How Local self government helped to strengthened the participation of women in governance? Mark 2

Answer Local self-government in India, particularly through Panchayati Raj institutions, has empowered women by reserving seats for them. This initiative has enabled greater female participation in decision-making, breaking traditional barriers and fostering women’s leadership roles in governance, enhancing democracy’s inclusivity.

Q2) what are the different stereotype that stops women in India to participate in politics ? Mark 2

Answer Stereotypes limiting women in Indian politics include the perception that politics is a male domain, concern over their safety, and expectations that women prioritize family over a political career. These stereotypes discourage many talented women from entering politics and hinder their active participation.

Case Study 5:

Religion and gender are two intersecting facets that profoundly influence Indian politics. India’s religious diversity, along with deeply entrenched patriarchal norms, has shaped a complex and multifaceted political landscape.

While India’s Constitution promotes secularism, religious identities often play a pivotal role in politics. Political parties may align themselves with particular religious groups to garner support. This can sometimes lead to polarization along religious lines, impacting national unity.

Furthermore, gender biases persist, affecting the representation and participation of women in politics. Women’s involvement in politics is frequently determined by societal norms and limited by traditional gender roles.

However, there are signs of change. Women leaders from diverse religious backgrounds have emerged, challenging the status quo. Initiatives to empower women, like reservation policies in local governance, have also shown promise.

In conclusion, the interplay of religion and gender in Indian politics is intricate and dynamic. While challenges exist, there is potential for increased diversity and inclusivity in the political arena, which can contribute to a more representative and equitable democracy.

Q1) What is the most ugliest form of communalism? Mark 1

Answer Riot, violence and massacre are the most ugliest form of communalism.

Q2) Explain how caste system is most extreme form of inequality prevail in Indian society? Mark 2

Answer Caste system is an extreme form of inequality. What makes it different from other societies is that in this system, hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals. Members of the same caste group were supposed to form a social community that practiced the same or similar occupation, married within the caste group and did not eat with members from other caste groups

Q3) What do you understand by the term caste hierarchy? Mark 1

Answer A ladder-like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the ‘highest’ to the ‘lowest’ castes.

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• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science
• Class 10 Political Science
• Chapter 4 Gender Religion And Caste

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Social Science Chapter 4: Gender, Religion and Caste

Ncert book solutions for class 10 civics democratic politics – ii chapter 4 gender, religion and caste – free pdf download.

* According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 3.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 provides knowledge on how different tiers of government and various social groups share power. In this chapter, you will understand why power sharing is important for democracy. At the end of the chapter, you will find questions related to gender and religious differences, caste inequalities, etc. So, to help you prepare better for the exam, we are providing the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 – Gender, Religion and Caste. These solutions provide the answers to the exercises in this chapter. You can go through them and can write the same answer in your exam to score good marks.

• Chapter 1 Power Sharing
• Chapter 2 Federalism
• Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity
• Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste
• Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements
• Chapter 6 Political Parties
• Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy
• Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 4 – Gender, Religion and Caste

The Solutions for Chapter 4 of Democratic Politics-I are given below. Students should also check NCERT Solutions for Class 10 for other subjects.

Exercises Page No. 55

1. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

The women in India are discriminated or disadvantaged in the following ways:

• Literacy – The literacy rate for women is 65.46 per cent, against 82.14 per cent for men. This shows that since independence, the gap between the ratio of men and women with respect to literacy still cannot be filled.
• Higher education – When you compare the percentage of boys and girls opting for higher studies after school, it is lower for girls as they tend to drop out after schools. This is because parents do not wish to spend their resources on a girl’s education, which is quite expected in boys’ cases.
• Highly paid jobs – The percentage of women working in high-paying jobs is still smaller than that of men. On an average, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet, much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued.
• The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 states that equal wages should be paid for equal work. However, in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
• Sex-ratio – Sex Ratio of India is 107.48, i.e., 107.48 males per 100 females in 2019.

2. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

The different forms of communal politics are:

• Communalism takes the form of religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and a belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. E.g., militant religious groups.
• The quest for political dominance of one religion over another in a community. It takes a form of majoritarianism. For example, rift between political parties based on religion.
• Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. Example – During elections, hate speeches come to the surface, revealing the communalism.
• Communal violence is another form of communalism in politics. For example, riots on the basis of religious sentiments.

3. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the following evidence reflects the present caste inequalities in India:

• The average economic status (measured by criteria like monthly consumption expenditure) of caste groups still follows the old hierarchy – the ‘upper’ castes are best off, the Dalits and Adivasis are worse off, and the backward classes are in between.
• Although every caste has some poor members, the proportion living in extreme poverty (below the official ‘poverty line’) is much higher for the lowest castes and much lower for the upper castes, with the backward classes once again in between.

4. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.

The two reasons that say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India are as follows:

• In India, no parliamentary constituency has a clear majority of one single caste. So, every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections.
• No party wins the votes of all the voters of caste or community. When people say that caste is a ‘vote bank’ of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of the voters from that caste vote for that party.

5. What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

There are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies. Women’s organisations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women. A bill with this proposal has been pending before the Parliament for more than a decade. But there is no consensus over this issue among all the political parties. The bill has not been passed.

6. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

• The fundamental right to the freedom of religion clearly states that one has a right to practise, profess and propagate any religion.
• Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion is one of the tenets of the constitution under the fundamental right to equality.

7. When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:

• Biological differences between men and women
• Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women
• Unequal child sex ratio
• Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

(b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women

8. In India, seats are reserved for women in

• State legislative assemblies
• Panchayati Raj bodies

(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

9. Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:

• One religion is superior to that of others.
• People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
• Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
• State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others. Which of the statements is/are correct?
• A, B, C, and D
• A, B, and D

(c) A and C

10. Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It

• prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
• gives official status to one religion.
• provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.
• ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

(b) gives official status to one religion.

11. Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.

12. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

Gender, Religion and Caste Summary

Chapter 4 of NCERT Social Science Civics textbook – Democratic Politics-II will introduce students to social divisions in the country based on gender, religion and caste. How social differences based on these three fragments affect the politics of the country will be discussed. Students will learn about gender equality, inequality, communal differences and also how government works to fill the gaps through constitutional provisions.

The students will also get to know about the following topics:

• Public/private division
• Women’s political representation
• Communalism
• Secular state
• Caste inequalities
• Caste in politics
• Politics in caste

‘Democratic Politics-II’ is an important book for Class 10 Social Science subject. Apart from this chapter, the full set of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science is given in the linked article.

Also, explore –

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science

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NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4, Gender, Religion and Caste

NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Notes are prepared by Adda247 Experts. Read NCERT Solutions Class 10 for SST for your CBSE exam preparation.

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NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Notes

NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste notes are given in this article.NCERT Solutions Class 10 is the best resource for obtaining a good score in the class 10 board Examination. Here are Adda247 Expert faculty team prepared NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Casteexercises of that chapter for a better grasp of the topics. These NCERT Solutions answer all questions in an easy and simple manner. These solutions will help you understand the concepts covered in the chapter completely. By writing these answers in the exam students will undoubtedly be able to achieve high scores. Keep learning with Adda247.

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Read: NCERT Solutions Political Science Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Pdf

NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste is given in pdf format so students can easily download it for future use. Click here to download NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste

NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste: Video Explanation

Ncert solutions class 10 sst political science chapter 4 gender, religion and caste question and answers.

Exercises Page No. 55

1. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

Answer. Women suffer discrimination and disadvantage in India in the following ways:

• They are not given access to a sufficient education. As a result, only 54% of women are literate, which is a significantly low number when compared to men.
• The majority of the work performed by women is unpaid. They are paid less than men. when they are paid for their labour. Even Women still make up a smaller portion of those in high-paying jobs than males do.
• The percentage of males and girls choosing higher education after high school is similar, although it is lower for girls because they frequently leave school early. In many parts of India, female education is prohibited.
• Female foeticide is a practice that is common in many regions of the world due to the preference for the boy offspring.

2. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

Answer. Different forms of communal politics are

• A majority community strives to control politics in relation to other communities. The minority community may be forced to establish a distinct political entity as a result. For instance, Sri Lanka has practiced majoritarianism, which has led to strife there. Consider the conflict between Muslims and Hindus.
• Religiously motivated political mobilization is another common type of Election season that brings out hate speech, which exposes communalism. creation of political groups with a single-community-focused agenda, such as the Bhim Army and All India Majlis-Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen.
• Another manifestation of political communalism is inter-communal violence. The Kashmiri separatists desire a Muslim-free zone.

3. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

Answer. Caste inequalities persist in India through :

4. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India

Answer. Caste alone cannot impact electoral results in India for the following two reasons:

• Political parties typically make sure that members from many castes and tribes are included when governments are created. No parliamentary constituency in India has a definite majority of a particular caste. In order to win elections, a candidate or party must gain the support of multiple castes and communities.
• No party gains the support of every voter in a caste or group. When someone refers to a caste as a “vote bank” for one party, it means a sizable number of that caste’s voters support that party.
• The state of India has no recognized religion, unlike Pakistan or Srilanka.  No religion is given a special position under our Constitution. The freedom to profess, practice, and spread any religion—or none at all—is guaranteed to all people by the Constitution.
• One of the principles of the constitution’s fundamental right to equality is the prohibition of discrimination based on religion.
• Biological differences between men and women
• Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women
• Unequal child-sex ratio
• Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

Answer. (b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women

8. In India, seats are reserved for women in

• State legislative assemblies
• Panchayati Raj bodies

Answer. (d) Panchayati Raj bodies

9. Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:

• One religion is superior to that of others.
• People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
• Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
• State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others. Which of the statements is/are correct?
• A, B, C, and D
• A, B, and D

Answer. (c) A and C

10. Which of the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It

• prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
• gives official status to one religion.
• provides to all individuals the freedom to profess any religion.
• ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

Answer. (b) gives official status to one religion.

11. Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Answer. Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.

12. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Political Science Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste: FAQs

Q.What is a secular country?

The concept of a secular state is one in which the government is or claims to be publicly agnostic in questions of religion, not endorsing either religion or atheism.

Q.What is gender religion and Caste?

The three foundations on which social divisions and disparities in human civilizations rest are gender, religion, and caste.

• A video explanation is provided to students in addition to the NCERT solution.
• Additionally, a PDF is included, which can be downloaded and saved for later use.

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How does using Adda247’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 SST Political science Chapter 4 benefit you? Ans. The advantages of using Adda247’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 SST Political science are as follows: A video explanation is provided to students in addition to the NCERT solution. Additionally, a PDF is included, which can be downloaded and saved for later use.

The advantHow does use Adda247’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 SST Political science Chapter 4 benefit you?ages of using Adda247’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 SST Political science are as follows:

A video explanation is provided to students in addition to the NCERT solution. Additionally, a PDF is included, which can be downloaded and saved for later use.

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The third gender and hijras, hinduism case study - gender | 2018.

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Note on This Case Study

When considering this case study, remember that every major world religion originated and has grown in patriarchal societies—that is, societies where men hold most of the culture’s power, and people of any other gender are largely excluded from power.  In this patriarchal context, religions have responded in very different ways, sometimes upholding and supporting misogyny, and sometimes subverting and rejecting it in favor of gender equality.  Powerful women, feminists, and members of the LGBTQ community have played major roles in all faith traditions, in diverse ways across different times and cultures.

As always, when thinking about religion and gender, maintain a focus on how religion is internally diverse, always evolving and changing, and embedded in specific cultures.

While recognition of genders outside male and female has only recently been discussed in Western societies, in Hindu society, people of non-binary gender expression have played important roles for over 2000 years. 

Called the third gender, evidence for their existence in Hindu society can be found in Hindu holy texts like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, where Hindu hero Arjuna becomes the third gender.  Third gender people have often been revered throughout South Asian history; for example, Muslim rulers of the Mughal Empire in the 15th to 19th centuries were generous patrons of third gender Indians.   Many rose to significant positions of power under both Hindu and Muslim rulers.   In 2014, it was estimated that around 3 million third gender people live in India alone. 

While the third gender includes a few different groups in South Asia, the most common are the hijras.  Hijras are often born male but look and dress in traditionally feminine ways.  Many, but not all, choose to undergo a castration ceremony, removing their male genitalia as an offering to Hindu goddess Bahuchara Mata.  Other hijras are born intersex.  Often called transgender by outsiders, Indian society and most hijras consider themselves to be third gender—neither male nor female, not transitioning.  They are a different gender altogether.   However, hijra identity is complex, and recently, some have identified as transgender and sought gender reassignment procedures.  

Regardless, most hijras’ defining characteristic is leaving home to become a part of the hijra community, a community which removes itself from wider society and teaches its lessons in secret.  A young person is initiated by following a guru, or teacher, who will teach the chela, or disciple, in the hijra ways of life.  This includes leaving their home to live in community with other hijras, to learn the ritual roles that they perform in Hindu households.   Hijra are expected to perform dances, songs, and blessings at both births and weddings of Hindus.  To many Hindus, a hijra’s blessings of a baby will confer fertility, prosperity, and long life on the child.  One to two days after a marriage ceremony—hijras will perform to bless the couple for fertility.  To many Hindus, it is the third gender nature of hijras—including their sacrifice of their procreative ability to the goddess—that grants hijras this incredible religious power.  In fact, hijras also can curse a family if they are disrespectful or refuse to pay for the blessings.  Many Hindus, and the hijras themselves, take these blessings and curses very seriously; hijras say they only curse in extreme circumstances.  While hijras are often invited to perform these rituals, they will also attend births and marriages unannounced, claiming their right to attend as their sacred religious duty.  Fearful of receiving a curse from hijras, Hindu families often welcome them in and pay them for their services, even when uninvited.  However, sometimes Hindu families refuse them entry or refuse to pay, even going as far as calling the police.  Still, the cultural authority of the hijra is so powerful, that the police will often do nothing to remove them.   Hijras are often treated with both respect and fear.

Historically and culturally hijras are based in Hinduism and they perform solely for Hindus.  However, hijras are not all Hindu themselves.  Many are Muslim and a few are Christian.  In fact, some hijras follow the beliefs and practices of both Hinduism and Islam.  For example, some hijras center their community around the Hindu goddess Bahuchara Mata while also taking a Muslim name and observing Islamic traditions such as Ramadan.   Just as hijra are not limited by binary views of gender, some are not limited by a single religious tradition.

Recently, hijra have regained some of the rights and freedoms which they have been denied.  By 2014, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh had all officially recognized third gender people as citizens deserving of equal rights.  The Supreme Court of India stated, “it is the right of every human being to choose their gender,” and that recognition of the group, “is not a social or medical issue, but a human rights issue.”  They directed the government to open education and job opportunities to all third gender groups.  While progress has been slow, in 2015 the first hijra mayor in India was elected in the city of Raigarh, and in 2017 the city of Kochi hired 23 hijra to work for their public transit system.   Still progress is slow, and most third gender people remain in poverty, even as they continue to bless Hindu families with prosperity.  

Additional Resources

Primary sources:.

• Hijra and transgender rights advocate Laxmi Narayan Tripathi speaks about challenges in the hijra community with the Guardian (2015): http://bit.ly/2fxSKuA 

Secondary Sources:

• India’s NDTV short documentary on hijras (2013): http://bit.ly/2vZkkKy 
• NPR radio story on third gender in India (2014): http://n.pr/2hUWxF1 
• Indian hijras and academics speaking about the third gender with NBC News (2015): http://bit.ly/2vx6FqL 
• Short documentary about the third gender in India by Zainab Salbi (2016): http://bit.ly/2k6gAh3 

Discussion Questions

• How do views of hijras among Hindus show how Hinduism has changed over time?  What are some of the reasons for that change?
• Many people in the West have never encountered people who follow multiple religious traditions, but it is far more common in other parts of the world.  What do you imagine being multi-religious would look like?
• How do Hindu reactions to hijra performances illustrate the internal diversity of Hinduism?
• Watch Zainab Salbi’s documentary in the sources above.  What do the lives of Laxmi Narayan Tripathi and Madhu Kinnar say about gender and Hinduism in an Indian context?  What is similar about their stories and what is different?
• In what ways do hijras have power in South Asian cultures?  In what ways do they lack power?  How does this affect their lives?
• How have some Christians impacted some Hindus in their relations with third gender people?  Why?

This case study was created by Kristofer Rhude, MDiv ’18, under the editorial direction of Dr. Diane L. Moore, faculty director of Religion and Public Life.

• 1.  Serena Nanda, Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India, 2nd ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1999), 13, 23, 30-31, 41, 144.
• 2.  Geeta Pandey, “India court recognizes transgender people as third gender,” BBC News, Apr. 15, 2014. http://bbc.in/1kWHmGG 
• 3.  Terence McCoy, “India Now Recognizes Transgender Citizens as ‘Third Gender,’” The Washington Post, Apr. 15, 2014. http://wapo.st/2vt4S7O 
• 4.  Serena Nanda, Neither Man nor Woman, xx, 15-19, 24-26.
• 5.  Max Bearak, “Why terms like ‘transgender’ don’t work for India’s ‘third gender’ communities,’ The Washington Post, Apr. 23, 2016. http://wapo.st/2wFcWAL 
• 7.  Serena Nanda, Neither Man nor Woman, 2-12, 
• 8.  Ibid., 41-43; Adnan Hossain, “Beyond Emasculation: Being Muslim and Becoming Hijra…,” Asian Studies Review, 36 no. 4, (2012): 498.
• 9.  Dedutt Pattanaik, The Man Who Was a Woman and Other Queer Tales from Hindu Lore, (New York: Harrington Park Press, 2002), 10; Geeta Pandey, “India court recognizes transgender…”; Serena Nanda, Neither Man nor Woman, 50. 
• 10.  Geeta Pandey, “India court recognises transgender,”; Vidhi Doshi, “Indian train network makes history by employing transgender workers,” The Guardian, May 12, 2017. http://bit.ly/2q9Q4sr ; Eesha Patkar, “India’s transgender mayor—is the country finally overcoming prejudice?” The Guardian, Mar. 3, 2015. http://bit.ly/2vzupuu 
• See more Hinduism case studies
• See more gender case studies

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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4: Gender, Religion and Caste

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste – This article includes free detailed NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste.

It has been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG, according to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24 , and guidelines to help the students of Class 10 make a solid conceptual base for Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4: Gender, Religion and Caste and ace their exams.

NCERT Solutions Civics Chapter 4

In this chapter of Gender, Religion and Caste, they will understand that power sharing is an important part of democracy. NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste will help them learn about questions related to gender and religious differences, caste inequalities, etc. which form an important part of democracy.

The solutions to all the exercise questions in NCERT Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste have been collectively covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science .

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste

Q 1. mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated against or disadvantaged in india..

Unfortunately, in India women faces a lot of discrimination and disadvantages in several aspects of their lives. Here are some examples: Education: In India, Women are often denied equal access to education  due to societal attitudes and biases, resulting in higher illiteracy rates among women than men. Employment: Women are underpaid and underrepresented than men in India. Many women face barriers to employment due to expectation in household.  Political representation: Politics is another field in which women are grossly underrepresented, with only a small number of female representatives elected. Health: Women health is very as compared to men, with higher rates of maternal mortality, malnutrition, and other health problems. They also face barriers in accessing healthcare due to cultural norms and lack of resources. Violence: Since ages, women face lot of violence in India, they face gender based violence, domestic violence, sexual harassment and assualtu.  Property and inheritance rights: Women in India face difficulties in gaining access to and inheriting property, which is frequently controlled by male family members. These are just a few areas in which women in India face discrimination and disadvantage.

Q 2. State different forms of communal politics with one example each. 

Communal politics are those that prioritise the interests of a specific community or group over the interests of society as a whole. Here are difference forms of communal politics and an example of each of them: Religious communalism: This form of communalism involves promoting the interests of a particular religion over other religions. For example, the Hindutva movement in India emphasizes Hindu nationalism and seeks to establish a Hindu state. Ethnic communalism: This form of communalism is related to the interests of a particular ethnic group over other groups. For example, the Hutu- Tutsi conflict in Rwanda. Linguistic communalism: This form emphasizes on the groups which have the interests of a particular linguistic group over other groups. For example, the separatist movement in Catalonia , they seeks to establish an independent Catalan speaking state. Regional communalism: This form of communalism emphasizes the interests of a particular region over other regions. For example, the Basque separatist movement in Spain seeks to establish an independent Basque state. Caste communalism: This form of communalism emphasizes the interests of a particular caste over other castes. For example, the Dalit movement was to seek the rights of the lower castes and to eliminate caste-based discrimination.

Q 3. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

Caste inequalities are unfortunately still exist in India despite the efforts to remove them. According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), following are few evidences present for caste inequalities in India: 1. Untouchability: Despite being illegal, the practice of untouchability still exists in some parts of India, particularly in rural areas. Dalits, who are considered the lowest caste in the Hindu social hierarchy, are often excluded from social and religious events and are denied access to common facilities like water wells, temples, and public toilets. 2. Employment discrimination: Lower castes many a times face discrimination in employment opportunities. They are frequently denied for the jobs or are offered very less wages ,even if they have the same or better qualifications than their upper-caste contenders. 3. Education discrimination: Lower-caste such as Dalit students still face discrimination and harassment in schools and universities. They are often segregated, made to sit separately from upper-caste students, and are subjected to derogatory remarks and physical violence. 4. Violence: Violence against lower-caste communities is still prevalent in India. Dalits and other lower-caste people are often subjected to physical violence, sexual assault, and harassment by upper-caste individuals or groups. 5. Political representation: Despite constitutional provisions for reservations in elected bodies, Dalits and other lower castes are often excluded from political representation. Even when they are elected, they are frequently marginalized and their voices are not heard. These are just a few examples of how caste inequalities continue to exist in India. Although significant progress has been made in addressing these issues, much more needs to be done to ensure that everyone is treated equally and with respect regardless of their caste or social background.

Q 4. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.

It can be argued that caste alone is not sufficient to determine election results in India : Due to the fact that no parliamentary constituency has a homogenous caste population. Therefore, candidates and parties must appeal to and gain the trust of multiple castes and communities in order to secure electoral victory. The idea that a single caste or community is a guaranteed ‘vote bank’ for a particular political party is often misleading. While a significant portion of voters from a particular caste may vote for a certain party, it is rare for any party to win the votes of all members of a particular caste or community.

Q 5. What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

We already have reservation for women in Panchayati Raj bodies, there are over 10,00,000 women who have been elected as representatives in rural and urban local bodies in India. Women’s activists groups have been demanding similar kind of reservation of at least 1/3rd of seats in both the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women, to give better status and respect to  women in the society.  However, the proposed bill proposing of this reservation has been pending before the Parliament for more than ten years, as there is no consensus on the matter among all political parties. As a result, the bill has not been passed.

Q 6. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

There are several constitutional provisions that make India a secular state, but here are two: 1. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble of the Indian Constitution declares India to be a “sovereign socialist secular democratic republic.” The use of the word “secular” in the Preamble indicates that the Indian state is neutral with respect to all religions and does not promote or endorse any particular religion. 2. Article 25 of the Indian Constitution: Article 25 guarantees every citizen the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate their religion. This provision ensures that the Indian state does not interfere in the religious practices of its citizens and allows individuals to follow any religion of their choice without fear of persecution or discrimination.

Q 7. When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:

• Biological difference between men and women
• Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women
• Unequal child-sex ratio
• Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

Option 2. Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women is the right answer. 

Q 8. In India, seats are reserved for women in

• State legislative assemblies
• Panchayati Raj bodies

Option 4. Panchayati Raj bodies is the right answer

Q 9. Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:

• One religion is superior to that of others.
• People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
• Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
• State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.

Which of the statements is correct? (a)1,2,3 and 4 (b) 1,2 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4

Point 1 and 3 are correct, we have already stated about communial politics in question 2. For more details kindly refer. 

Q 10. Which of the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It

• prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion.
• gives official status to one religion.
• provides all individuals the freedom to profess any religion.
• ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

Answer: 

Option 2 is wrong.

Q 11. Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Social division based on caste are peculiar to India.

Q 12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

Gender, religion, and caste summary.

Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste of your NCERT Social Science Political Science (Civics) textbook Democratic Politics-II introduces the students to social divisions in the country which are based on gender, religion, and caste. How these social differences are mostly based on these three important fragments that affect the politics of the country has been discussed in this chapter. Students will be able to learn about gender equality, inequality, communal differences, and also how the government is able to work for filling the gaps which are present in the constitutional provisions.

Important Topics Discussed in NCERT Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste

The students will be learning about the following topics:

• Gender and Politics
• Women’s Political Representation
• Religion, Communalism, and Politics
• Caste and Politics

The Book ” Democratic Politics-II” is one of the important books for Class 10 Social Science and apart from this chapter, a full set of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science is present.

Also Check:

• NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Economics Social Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Social Science
• CBSE NCERT Class 10 Social Science Notes (2023-2024)
• CBSE Class 10 NCERT Social Science Geography Notes (2023-2024)
• CBSE NCERT Class 10 Social Science History Notes
• CBSE Class 10 Social Science Syllabus (2023-2024)
• CBSE Class 10 NCERT Political Science (Civics) Notes (2023-2024)

To get complete notes on Gender, Religion and Caste- NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4, click here- CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science Chapter 4: Gender, Religion, and Caste

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste- FAQs

Q 1. how many questions are present in ncert solutions for class 10 political science (civics) chapter 4 : gender, religion and caste.

There are 12 questions that are present in Chapter 4 of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science. For answering the questions easily, the students have to refer to NCERT Solutions available on Geeksforgeeks. Each and every small detail which is important has been covered in the solutions as per the latest syllabus and exam pattern of the CBSE board.

Q 2. Are there any charges to download NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste PDF?

No, the NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste PDF is free of cost. The concepts and solutions are elaborated here in an understandable way.

Q 3. What are the topics discussed in Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste of NCERT Class 10 Political Science?

The important topics which are covered in Chapter 4 : Gender, Religion and Caste of NCERT Class 10 Political Science are as follows: Gender and Politics Women’s Political Representation Religion, Communalism, and Politics Caste and Politics

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Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Solutions

Home » NCERT Solutions » Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Solutions

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Civics is an academic subject that studies the duties and rights of diverse members of society. The term civics refers to behaviour that impacts other people, especially in the context of urban development. Students may learn how others participate in civics and how to participate and take informed action.

NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 is Gender, Religion and Caste. Chapter 4, Gender, Religion and Caste provides an overview of the various forms of social divides in the country, including those based on religion, gender, and caste. The impact of these three fragments on all social distinctions among the people and how they affect our country’s politics will be discussed in this lesson. Students will learn more about gender equality among people and other vital issues such as communal differences, inequality, and much more from this chapter. They can also receive insight into the government’s efforts to fill up all the holes in the Constitution’s provisions.

Students must grasp the NCERT Solutions to achieve more remarkable results in the Class 10 board examination. Extramarks lends a helping hand by introducing Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 NCERT Solutions. These Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Questions and Answers make it so much easier for students to get a hold of all the critical aspects of the chapter. 

Not just Gender Religion and Caste Question Answers, Extramarks is a powerhouse of quality study material. Material such as NCERT books, CBSE revision notes, CBSE sample papers, CBSE previous year question papers, and more can be easily found on the Extramarks website for all classes.

Key Topics Covered in Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Solutions

Mentioning below all the key topics that are covered in Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions:

Let us look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions.

Gender and Politics

The gender divide is commonly perceived as something natural and unchangeable. It is based on societal expectations and preconceptions rather than biology.

Public/Private Divisions

The chapter Gender Religion and Caste describes the outcome of this division of labour. While accounting for half of humankind, women have little role in public life, particularly politics, in most nations. Only men were previously permitted to engage in public affairs, vote, or run for public office. Finally, however, the gender problem was gradually discussed in politics. It advocated that women’s political and legal standing be improved and their educational and employment prospects. Feminist movements are movements in that women start to achieve equality in personal and family life. 

Women’s participation in public life has improved due to the political expression of the gender divide and political mobilisation. However, because India is a patriarchal, male-dominated country, women experience a variety of disadvantages, discrimination, and oppression. The chapter Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 throws light on the matter:

• Women have a literacy rate of just 54%, but males have a literacy rate of 76%.
• Every day, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man, but much of her labour is unpaid. Equal pay for equal effort is mandated by the Equal Remuneration Act of 1976.
• In India, sex-selective abortion reduced the child-to-mother ratio (number of girls children per thousand boys).
• Women have been particularly vulnerable in urban environments.

Women’s Political Representation

Women’s issues are not given the attention and value they deserve. Many feminists and women’s groups have concluded that their concerns will not be adequately addressed unless women have power. The first time in the Indian Lok Sabha, elected women comprised 12% of the total membership in 2014. However, their representation in state legislatures is still less than 5%.

Having fair women representation amongst the elected authorities is one good way to address women’s issues. 33 % of seats in local government bodies are designated for women in Panchayats and Municipalities. There are now over 10 lakh elected women legislators in rural and urban local governments. Gender division is an example of how politics must reflect some societal divide. This also demonstrates that disadvantaged groups benefit when socio-economic divides become a political issue.

Refer to Extramarks Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions and get a brief understanding of Women’s political representation. Extramarks experts have prepared these solutions for students to excel in their upcoming examinations.

Religion, Communalism, and Politics

Religious divisions frequently express themselves in the political sphere. For example, some people follow several different religions in India. Being members of a religious community, people should be allowed to voice their needs, interests, and demands in politics.

Communalism

Using religion in politics qualifies as communal politics. It can be further explained as:

• When one religion’s beliefs are portrayed as superior to those of others.
• When one religious group’s demands overlap with those of other religious groups.
• When governmental authority is used to establish one religious group’s dominance over the others.

In politics, communalism can take several forms, as seen below:

• However, religious biases, preconceptions about religious groups, and confidence in the superiority of one’s faith over other religions are the most common expressions of communalism in daily beliefs.
• A communal mindset frequently leads to a political desire to rule over one’s religious community.
• Sacred symbols, emotional appeal, religious leaders, and simple terror are used in religious and political mobilisation to bring followers of one faith together in the political arena.
• Communalism can sometimes take the most disgusting form of community violence, massacres, and riots. During  partition, India and Pakistan saw some of the deadliest communal riots in history.

Secular State

India is a democratic and secular country. Extramarks Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions explains some of the characteristics of India’s secular states:

• The Indian state does not have an official religion.
• Individuals and communities have the right to profess, practise, and propagate any religion or to refuse to follow any.
• The Constitution prohibits discrimination based on religion.
• The Constitution empowers the government to interfere in religious affairs to maintain religious equality. Untouchability, for example, is prohibited.

Caste and Politics

Politics and caste both have positive and negative elements. In Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions we have given below scenarios:

Caste Inequalities

In most societies, jobs are passed down from generation to generation. The caste system is an extreme example. Members of the same caste were traditionally intended to establish a social community that performed the same or similar occupations and married within the caste group. But, according to this system, they did not eat with members of other caste groups.

The traditional conceptions of the Caste Hierarchy are collapsing due to economic progress, large-scale urbanisation, increased literacy and education, job mobility, and the weakening of landowners’ positions in communities. In addition, the Indian Constitution prohibited caste-based discrimination and set the groundwork for programmes to correct the system’s inequalities.

Caste in Politics

In politics, caste can take several forms:

• When political parties pick their candidates or create governments, they usually ensure that members from many castes and tribes are included.
• To win elections, political parties and politicians appeal to caste sentiments.
• Because the ‘one man, one vote’ system or adult franchise has made the voter extremely powerful, political parties highlight caste-based problems during elections to obtain political support.
• Lower castes have become more aware of their voting rights and powers thanks to political parties.

Caste matters in elections, but it is not everything. Other additional elements influence election outcomes. For example, during elections, the public’s opinion of the government’s performance and the popularity of its leaders are taken into account. Take a look at the following points by Extramarks Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions:

• To win elections, candidates and parties must gain the support of several castes and communities.
• None of the political parties can win the votes of all caste or community voters.
• Many voters have no candidates from their caste, while others have many candidates from their community.
• The ruling party and the existing MP or MLA change whenever new elections are held.

Politics in Caste

By putting caste identities and systems into the political sphere, politics impacts them. Here are a few examples that back this up:

• Each caste group wants to grow by acquiring neighbouring castes or sub-castes.
• Various caste groupings are created, and then they engage in communication and negotiation with other castes or communities.
• New caste groupings have emerged in the political arena, such as ‘backward’ and ‘progressive’ caste groups.

As a result, caste plays various functions in politics. Caste separation may lead to tensions, conflict, and even bloodshed in some circumstances.

Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Solutions NCERT Solutions Article Links

The main objective of Extramarks  is to  provide study material to the students. A significant step towards it is the NCERT Solutions prepared by subject experts. These solutions have been designed for each chapter and can be found on the Extramarks website. Click on the below links to view NCERT Solutions For  Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions:

Class 10 Civics Chapter 4: Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 10 Civics Chapter 4: Short Answer Type Questions

Class 10 Civics Chapter 4: Long Answer Type Questions

Students may access  Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions and other chapters by clicking here. In addition, students can also explore NCERT Solutions for other classes below.

By getting access to Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Solutions, students can easily understand all the concepts relating to Gender, Religion, and Caste.

Key Features of Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Solutions 

As mentioned earlier, Extramarks is a powerhouse of good study material. The solutions found on the Extramarks website are beneficial for the students in their upcoming board examinations. Don’t believe us; try for yourself. Giving you some reasons why you should choose Extramarks:

• Extramarks has put together the most crucial information on this topic based on the NCERT guidelines.
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Q.1 Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

India is a patriarchal country; therefore women face discrimination and are disadvantaged in the following ways –

• Literacy rate of women is only 56% whereas for men it is 76%. Only a small number of girls go for higher studies. Though their performance is as good as boys but parents prefer to spend their resources on the education of boys.
• The proportion of women working on highly paid jobs is very low. An average woman works one hour more than an average man in a day, yet women get less pay. Moreover, their work is not valued.
• The Equal Wages Act states that all persons should get equal pay for equal work. But women are paid less in all areas of work including sports and cinema.
• Even today, people in India prefer to have sons over daughters. Therefore, they find ways of aborting the girl child. Such sex-selective abortions have declined child sex ratio (number of girl children per thousand boys).

Q.2 State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

Communalism can take various forms in politics:

• The most common form of communalism is the belief in the superiority of one’s religion over the others. This usually involves religious prejudices and stereotypes of religious communities. This is so common that it often goes unnoticed.
• A communal mentality leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community. For those belonging to majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For people belonging to minority communities, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit.
• Another form of communalism is political mobilization on religious lines. This involves the use of religious symbols, spiritual leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. In electoral politics this leads to people voting for a candidate from their own community.
• Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. Some of the worst communal riots were witnessed during the India-Pakistan partition. Even in the post-independence era, several communal riots have taken place.

Q.3 State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

Caste inequalities still persist in India in the following forms –

• Most people marry within their own caste or tribe. Despite constitutional prohibition, untouchability is still practiced in different forms. Effects of centuries can be seen even today.
• Caste groups that were given access to education under the old system have performed well in acquiring modern education. The caste groups that were prohibited from acquiring education in the past, still lag behind in education. As a result, there is a disproportionately large presence of ‘upper caste’ among the urban middle classes in our country. Even today, caste is closely linked to economic status.
• Caste is the main cause of economic inequality because it regulates access to resources of various kinds. For example, in the past, the so-called ‘untouchable’ castes were denied the right to own land, while only the so-called ‘twice born’ castes had the right to education. Although this kind of inequality is now outlawed, the effects of centuries of accumulated advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt.

Q.4 State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.

While caste matters in electoral politics, but it alone cannot determine the outcome of the results. There are many other factors that determine the election results like –

• Voters have strong attachment to political parties which is often stronger than their attachment to their caste or community.
• People within the same caste or community have varying interests depending on their economic condition. Rich and poor or men and women from the same caste may vote very differently.
• People’s assessment of the performance of the government and the popularity rating of the leaders matter and are often decisive in elections.

Q.5 What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

• In India, the proportion of women in legislature has been very low. The percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha has never reached even 10 percent of its total strength. Their share in the state assemblies is less than 5 percent. In this respect, India is among the bottom group of nations in the world.
• India is behind the averages for several developing countries of Africa and Latin America. In the government, cabinets are largely all-male even when a woman becomes the Chief Minister or the Prime Minister.
• In the Panchayati Raj, one-third of seats in local government bodies – in panchayats and municipalities – are now reserved for women. Now there are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.
• Women’s organisations and activists are demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women.
• A bill with this proposal has been pending before the Parliament for more than a decade. But there is no consensus over this among all the political parties. The bill has not been passed.

Q.6 Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

The makers of our constitution realised that communalism was a major challenge for the success of democracy. Therefore, they chose a model of a secular state. Two of the constitutional provisions that make India a secular state are –

• There is no official religion for the Indian state. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Christianity in England and that of Islam in Pakistan, our Constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
• The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.

Q.7 When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to: (a) Biological difference between men and women (b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women (c) Unequal child sex ratio (d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women

Q.8 In India, seats are reserved for women in: (a) Lok Sabha (b) State legislative assemblies (c) Cabinets (d) Panchayati Raj bodies

(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

Q.9 Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that: A. One religion is superior to that of others. B. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens. C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community. D. State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.

Which of the statements is/are correct?

Q.10 Which of the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It (a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion. (b) gives official status to one religion. (c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion. (d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

(b) gives official status to one religion

Q.11 Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.

Q.12 Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

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Ncert class 10 social science chapterwise solutions, chapter 1 - power sharing.

Chapter 2 - Federalism

Chapter 3 - democracy and diversity, chapter 5 - popular struggles and movements, chapter 6 - political parties, chapter 7 - outcomes of democracy, chapter 8 - challenges to democracy, faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what does chapter 4 of the civics textbook for class 10 contain.

The chapter’s main themes include gender, religion, and caste. The chapter demonstrates how gender, religion, and caste create stratification and disparities in society. Several clauses in the Constitution and several laws encourage equality among various groups. However, as the tales in this chapter demonstrate, people’s experiences in actual life differ from the ideal of equality.

2. How can I prepare for the chapter Gender, Religion, and Caste by myself?

Before beginning this chapter, students should be familiar with gender, religion, caste, discrimination, and equality. If not, they can refer to Extramarks and learn the subject. The next step should be to read the chapter properly. The chapter contains several anecdotes that will help you comprehend the various expressions of inequality in society. In a notepad, jot down important notes and what the narrative is trying to portray. Then, reread the notes several times and practise writing the responses.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 4: Gender, Religion and Caste

Ncert solutions for class 10 social science civics chapter 4 - gender, religion and caste are provided here in pdf. download these free ncert solutions to read the precise and the most reliable answers..

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics (Democratic Politics) Chapter 4 - Gender, Religion and Caste have the best and simple answers to all the exercise questions given in the chapter. All these solutions have been prepared according to the guidelines mentioned in the CBSE marking scheme. These NCERT solutions are the most reliable to prepare for your board exams and score good marks. All the NCERT Solutions are provided here in the readable and downloadable formats.

Get below the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 4:

NCERT Solutions Class 10

Political Science

Chapter 4: Gender, Religion and Caste

1. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

• Education: The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men. When it comes to higher education, a smaller proportion of girls, in comparison to the boys, are allowed to go for higher studies. This is because parents prefer to spend their resources on their sons’ education.
• Sex-ratio: In many parts of India, parents find ways to abort the girl child in a will to have a son. This has led to a decline in child sex ratio (number of girl children per thousand boys) in the country to merely 919.
• High-Paid jobs: The proportion of women working in highly paid and valued jobs is still smaller than men.
• Unequality in wages: The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 states that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However, in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.

Also Check: CBSE Class 10 Social Science Syllabus 2020-2021

2. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

• The expression of communal superiority in everyday beliefs: This involves religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and a belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. For example, militant religious groups.
• The desire to form a majoritarian dominance: A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one's religion over another in a community. It takes a form of majoritarian dominance. For example, separatist leaders and political parties in Jammu and Kashmir and Central India in the past.
• The use of sacred symbols and religious leaders in politics to appeal to the voters: Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. Political parties, generally, nominate their candidates according to the caste or religion dominant in a particular constituency. For example, in a Muslim dominated area, people generally elect a Muslim candidate.
• Communal violence is another form of communalism in politics. For example, the anti-Sikh riots in 1984.

3. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

• According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the average economic status of caste groups in India still remains the same as was in the past. Most of the rich section belongs to higher castes, while people of lower castes are generally poor.
• Despite the constitutional prohibition, many people are still considered as untouchables in the country. 
• Even now most people marry within their own caste or tribe.
• Political parties often field their candidates in constituency according to the caste prevailing in that constituency. People also tend to vote on the caste lines.

4. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India

The two reasons that say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India are:

(i) No parliamentary constituency in India has a clear majority of one single caste. So, parties need to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections.

(ii) No party wins the votes of all the voters belonging to one particular caste or community. Voters have become wiser and they only vote for those candidates or parties which are expected to work towards the development of their constituency.

Also Check:

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English

5. What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

In India, the proportion of women in legislature has been very low. Women's representation has always been less than 10% in Lok Sabha and 5% in the State Assemblies. India is behind several developing countries of the world in the case of women’s representation. On the other hand, the situation is better in the case of local government bodies. Here, one-third of seats in local government bodies – in panchayats and municipalities – are now reserved for women. Now there are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.

6. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

Two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state are:

(i) Freedom to practice, profess and propagate the religion of one’s choice.

(ii)  Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion under the fundamental right to equality.

7. When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:

(a) Biological differences between men and women

(b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women

(c) Unequal child sex ratio

(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

Answer: (b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women

8. In India, seats are reserved for women in

(a) Lok Sabha

(b) State legislative assemblies

(c) Cabinets

(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

Answer: (d) Panchayati Raj bodies

9. Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:

A. One religion is superior to that of others.

B. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.

C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.

D. State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others. Which of the statements is/are correct?

(a) A, B, C, and D

(b) A, B, and D

(c) A and C

(d) B and D

Answer: (c) A and C

10. Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It

(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.

(b) gives official status to one religion.

(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.

(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

Answer: (b) gives official status to one religion.

11. Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Social divisions based on  caste   are peculiar to India.

Get the NCERT Solutions of all the chapters of class 10 Social Science textbook from the following link:

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science - History, Geography, Economics & Civics

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Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions

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When the Class 10 Board exam approaches, students should thoroughly answer all the questions of Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste. It is vital because solving such questions gives students insights to be well prepared for the Class 10 Political Science Exaexamination. Keeping in mind, our team has prepared Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions in PDF and provided them here for free of cost.

Students looking for the PDF file of Class 10 Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions can refer to the links that we have mentioned here on this page.

What is Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions?

Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions are nothing but a collection of high-weightage and frequently-asked questions. The important questions on Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste are curated by our subject matter experts considering several sets of Previous Year Question Papers and Class 10 Political Science Sample Papers.

When is the Right Time to Start Practising Important Questions for Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste PDF?

Generally, students should practise such questions as often as possible, however, there are 3 most important times students must solve important questions for Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste PDF.

• During Revision Time: Revision time is one of the best times to practise important questions for Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste PDF. It is considered an ideal time because the earlier students will start practising important questions on Gender, Religion And Caste the better their grasp on the important questions will be.
• At the time of Board Exam Preparation: During the board exam preparation, no student should leave any stone unturned and therefore, they must practise the Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste important questions. Because it will help them keep their learning refreshed from the Chapter Gender, Religion And Caste and also help them better develop the techniques to attempt such questions.
• During Last-Minute Exam Preparation: The last-minute exam preparation time is crucial because, at this time, students should only focus on those important questions of Gender, Religion And Caste which have higher chances to ask. Solving important questions during last-minute exam preparation also helps students revise various concepts that will allow them to write other answers to other questions as well.

How to Download Important Questions for Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste PDF?

Here at Selfstudys.com, we are providing the PDF file of Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 important questions with solutions that can be viewed online or can be downloaded on a device like a Smartphone. Below, is the step-wise process to download important questions for Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste PDF.

• Open Selfstudys.com on your internet browser
• Once the website opens, Click on the Navigation button as mentioned in the below-given image

• Several categories will be shown to choose from, click on CBSE from the list

• Upon Clicking on CBSE, it will expand, choose Previous Year Question Paper

• The new page will be shown where you need to click on “10th PYP Chapter Wise”

• After clicking on “10th PYP Chapter Wise” the page will reload, then navigate to the Political Science and Click on Gender, Religion And Caste to access the PDF file for free of cost.

What Types of Mistakes Students Make When Solving Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions?

As per our observations, the mistakes students make when solving Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 important questions are -

• Heavily Relying on Other Sources: This is a very common mistake that all students make when they get access to the study materials like Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions PDF files. Students preparing for this lesson shouldn’t rely on other sources but their very own Class 10 Political Science textbooks and old question papers should be more than enough. Several times relying on other sources make students feel underconfident and make them anxious so, don’t heavily rely on other sources.
• Only Solving Important Questions: Certainly, there are many questions on Gender, Religion And Caste to practise but students stick to the important questions to practise considering it a short-cut method to have a better exam preparation. However, it is highly recommended to the students focus on other than Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions, because board question papers are unpredictable.
• Less Focus On Conceptual Understanding: Only practising important questions on Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 will not help much, but many students ignore this fact and they try to solve only Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions instead of focusing on the conceptual side of the topic.
• Not Taking Care of Time: Time management skill is one of those skills that help students not only better prepare for the exam but to answer questions efficiently and accurately. Although many Class 10 students underestimate this when they are practising questions from Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions PDF. Ideally, a student should be active in their time-tracking process to develop a good habit of managing time in the Class 10 Political Science Board examination and their day-to-day life.

How Should Students Prepare for Class 10 Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions?

One of the key steps to starting preparation for Class 10 Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions is by covering all the subtopics discussed in the lesson. After this, students can do the followings -

• Solve Chapter-End Questions: Before solving the Gender, Religion And Caste important questions, it is important to start with the Chapter-end questions. Solving the Chapter-end questions enable students to answer important questions about Gender, Religion And Caste with ease.
• Revise Gender, Religion And Caste Topics: Revising the subtopics discussed in Gender, Religion And Caste can also be a great way to prepare for Class 10 Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions that enables students to answer questions without making much effort as the revision help students keep their learning fresh for longer.
• Clear Doubts and Confusion: It is essential to clear all the doubts and confusion from the Chapter Gender, Religion And Caste because the clearer the concepts better the answers.

How Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions are Prepared?

Several study materials such as Previous year question papers, Sample papers and Syllabi play an important role in the preparation of Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions. Here’s how the important questions are selected for exam preparation and practice purpose.

• From CBSE Class 10 Political Science Previous Year Question Papers: The subject matter experts refer to the CBSE Class 10 Political Science Previous Year Question Papers which they use to collect all the important questions on Gender, Religion And Caste. From all the PYPs, questions which have been asked very often in the board examinations are considered important questions.
• Handpicked Questions from Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Lesson: Experts also referred to the Class 10 Political Science Textbook to handpick some of the most important questions from the Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Lesson. These questions are selected based on the experts’ experiences and the marking scheme as mentioned in the syllabus.
• From CBSE Class 10 Political Science Sample Papers: The Class 10 Political Science Sample Papers also play an important role in selecting the important Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 questions.

What are the Best Methods to Use Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions PDF?

The best methods to use Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions PDF is to use them on different occasions in a one-year academic session such as -

• To Practise: Students can refer to the Class 10 Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions to practise various questions. With the help of the PDF, the practice session becomes very efficient and students get the opportunity to solve numerous important questions on Class 10 Gender, Religion And Caste. Mainly, the important questions are prepared for the students so that they can be thorough with several questions and be familiar with lots of methods to answer them hence, the best use of the Class 10 Gender, Religion And Caste Important Questions is for the practice sessions.
• For Revision: Many students struggle with saving time for revision, however, solving the questions on the same topic is also a great way to revise. Therefore, Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions can be used for revision purposes and students can refer to the questions many times to solve that will boost their understanding of the topic and enable them to master the method to answer questions in such a situation.
• For Exam Preparation: No doubt, one of the best methods to use the Class 10 Political Science Gender, Religion And Caste is to prepare for the board examination. Students can refer to the Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions to pay close attention to all the questions that have a higher chance to be asked in the upcoming board examination.

What is the Alternative of Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions PDF?

There are a few study resources that can be treated as the alternative to Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions PDF, however, those resources don’t completely relate to the PDF file that we are offering here.

• CBSE PYP/SQP: PYP stands for Previous Year Papers and SQP stands for Sample Question Papers - both are official question papers and therefore, students can refer to the Class 10 Political Science PYP and SQP to better develop a command of Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions. Both of these are optional and suggested to one if they don’t want to use the PDF file of Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions In PDF then alternatively, it can be used.
• Teacher’s Guessed Questions: Apart from the PDF files, the teacher’s guessed questions are one of the best alternatives for the PDF file of Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions. 

Though the above-mentioned study materials are the best alternative to the PDF file we are providing here, the problem is that they barely contain answers. However, the PDF file of Gender, Religion And Caste Class 10 Important Questions that we are providing contains the solutions in detail too - The link is available at the top of this page.

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