sarojini naidu biography in english

Sarojini Naidu

(1879-1949)

Sarojini Naidu was an India political leader born on February 13, 1879 in Hyderabad, India. At a young age she wrote poetry and plays, a hobby she kept throughout her life. She later studied in England, and in 1916 she met Mahatma Gandhi which sparked her interest in the fight for India’s freedom. In 1925 she was elected as the first female President of the India National Congress. After India’s independence from England, Naidu became the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh. Naidu died on March 02, 1949 at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

QUICK FACTS

• Name: Sarojini Naidu
• Birth Year: 1879
• Birth date: February 13, 1879
• Birth City: Hyderabad
• Birth Country: India
• Gender: Female
• Best Known For: Sarojini Naidu was an India political leader best known as the first female President of the India National Congress.
• Civil Rights
• War and Militaries
• Education and Academia
• Fiction and Poetry
• Politics and Government
• Astrological Sign: Aquarius
• Girton College, Cambridge
• King's College London
• University of Madras
• Nacionalities
• Occupations
• Death Year: 1949
• Death date: March 2, 1949
• Death City: Lucknow
• Death Country: India

CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Sarojini Naidu Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/activists/sarojini-naidu
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: April 15, 2019
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

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Sarojini Naidu

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• B.A., Mundelein College
• M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School
• Known for: poems published 1905 to 1917; campaign to abolish purdah; first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress (1925), Gandhi's political organization; after independence, she was appointed governor of Uttar Pradesh; she called herself a "poetess-singer"
• Occupation: poet, feminist, politician
• Dates: February 13, 1879 to March 2, 1949
• Also known as: Sarojini Chattopadhyay; the Nightingale of India ( Bharatiya Kokila)
• Quote : "When there is oppression, the only self-respecting thing is to rise and say this shall cease today, because my right is justice."  

Sarojini Naidu Biography

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad, India. Her mother, Barada Sundari Devi, was a poet who wrote in Sanskrit and Bengali. Her father, Aghornath Chattopadhyay, was a scientist and philosopher who helped found Nizam College, where he served as principal until removed for his political activities. Naidu's parents also founded the first school for girls in Nampally and worked for women's rights in education and marriage.

Sarojini Naidu, who spoke Urdu , Teugu, Bengali, Persian , and English , began writing poetry early. Known as a child prodigy, she became famous when she entered Madras University when she was just twelve years old, scoring the highest score on the entrance exam.

She moved to England at sixteen to study at King's College (London) and then Girton College (Cambridge). When she attended college in England, she became involved in some of the woman suffrage activities. She was encouraged to write about India and its land and people.

From a Brahman family, Sarojini Naidu married Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu, a medical doctor, who was not a Brahman; her family embraced the marriage as supporters of inter-caste marriage. They met in England and were married in Madras in 1898. 

In 1905, she published  The Golden Threshold , her first collection of poems. She published later collections in 1912 and 1917. She wrote primarily in English.

In India Naidu channeled her political interest into the National Congress and Non-Cooperation movements. She joined the Indian National Congress when the British partitioned Bengal in 1905; her father was also active in protesting the partition. She met Jawaharlal Nehru in 1916, working with him for the rights of indigo workers. That same year she met Mahatma Gandhi.

She also helped found the Women's India Association in 1917, with Annie Besant and others, speaking on women's rights to the Indian National Congress in 1918. She returned to London in May 1918, to speak to a committee that was working on reforming the Indian Constitution; she and Annie Besant advocated for women's vote.

In 1919, in response to the Rowlatt Act passed by the British, Gandhi formed the Non-Cooperation Movement and Naidu joined. In 1919 she was appointed the ambassador to England of the Home Rule League, advocating for the Government of India Act which granted limited legislative powers to India, although it did not grant women the vote. She returned to India the next year. 

She became the first Indian woman to head the National Congress in 1925 (Annie Besant had preceded her as a president of the organization). She traveled to Africa, Europe, and North America, representing the Congress movement. In 1928, she promoted the Indian movement of non-violence in the United States.

In January 1930, the National Congress proclaimed Indian independence. Naidu was present on the Salt March to Dandi in March 1930. When Gandhi was arrested, with other leaders, she led the Dharasana Satyagraha.

Several of those visits were part of delegations to the British authorities. In 1931, she was at the Round Table Talks with Gandhi in London. Her activities in India on behalf of independence brought prison sentences in 1930, 1932, and 1942. In 1942, she was arrested and remained in jail for 21 months.

From 1947, when India achieved independence, to her death, she was governor of Uttar Pradesh (earlier called the United Provinces). She was India's first woman governor.

Her experience as a Hindu living in a part of India that was primarily Muslim influenced her poetry, and also helped her work with Gandhi dealing with Hindu-Muslim conflicts. She wrote the first biography of Muhammed Jinnal, published in 1916.

Sarojni Naidu's birthday, March 2, is honored as Women's Day in India. The Democracy Project awards an essay prize in her honor, and several Women's Studies centers are named for her.

Sarojini Naidu Background, Family

Father: Aghornath Chattopadhyaya (scientist, founder, and administrator of Hyderabad College, later Nizam's College)

Mother: Barada Sundari Devi (poet)

Husband: Govindarajulu Naidu (married 1898; medical doctor)

Children: two daughters and two sons: Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randheer, Leelamai. Padmaja became Governor of West Bengal and published a posthumous volume of her mother's poetry

Siblings: Sarojini Naidu was one of eight siblings

• Brother Virendranath (or Birendranath) Chattopadhyaya, was also an activist, working for a pro-German, anti-British revolt in India during World War I. He became a communist and was probably executed on the orders of Joseph Stalin in Soviet Russia about 1937.
• Brother Harindranath Chattopadhyaya, was an actor married to Kamla Devi, an advocate of traditional Indian crafts
• Sister Sunalini Devi was a dancer and actress
• Sister Suhashini Devi was a communist activist who married R.M. Jambekar, another communist activist

Sarojini Naidu Education

• Madras University (age 12)
• King's College, London (1895-1898)
• Girton College, Cambridge

Sarojini Naidu Publications

• The Golden Threshold (1905)
• The Bird of Time (1912)
• Muhammad Jinnah: An Ambassador of Unity . (1916)
• The Broken Wing (1917)
• The Sceptred Flute (1928)
• The Feather of the Dawn (1961), edited by Padmaja Naidu, Sarojini Naidu's daughter

Books About Sarojini Naidu

• Hasi Banerjee.  Sarojini Naidu: The Traditional Feminist . 1998.
• E.S. Reddy Gandhi and Mrinalini Sarabhai.  The Mahatma and the poetess . (Letters between Gandhi and Naidu.) 1998.
• K.R. Ramachandran Nair.  Three Indo-Anglian Poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt and Sarojini Naidu.  1987.
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Meet Sarojini Naidu: The Nightingale of India

Discover more about this pioneering women's rights campaigner.

By Google Arts & Culture

Mohandas Gandhi (1931-09-12) by Douglas Miller Getty Images

Hugely respected and revered in her native India, Sarojini Naidu and her work is perhaps overlooked by the rest of the world. But her legacy is fully deserving of a greater degree of appreciation. Keep reading to find out more about her extraordinary life and work.

Making of the Constitution (1946-1950) (1946-12-09/1949-11-26) Nehru Memorial Museum and Library

Beginnings and education

Sarojini Chattopadhyay was born in Hyderabad in 1879 into a well respected and prosperous family. The eldest of eight children, she did well at school and earned a place at Kings College London, and later Cambridge University. After finishing her studies she traveled Europe.

Asian Relations Conference 23 March- 2 April 1947 (1947-03-23/1947-04-02) Nehru Memorial Museum and Library

Return to India

Returning to India in 1898, she married Govindaraju Naidu, whom she met while studying in England. However, family life was not enough for Sarojini and she began to get involved in politics.

Gandhi And Naidu (1930-01-01) by Keystone Getty Images

Political activism

From 1904, Sarojini started to give speeches about women's rights and Indian independence. In 1914 she met Mahatma Gandhi who inspired her political activity. She established the Women's Indian Association in 1917 and joined in various acts of non-violent resistance.

India's Congress Party (1946-05) by Margaret Bourke-White LIFE Photo Collection

Challenges and triumph

Sarojini was jailed multiple times by the British rulers in India for her part in various acts of resistance, including the gruelling Salt March of 1930. Following independence from British rule, she was appointed governor of Uttar Pradesh, the first woman to achieve this rank.

Asian Relations Conference 23 March- 2 April 1947 (1947-03-23/1947-03-23) Nehru Memorial Museum and Library

A true pioneer

Feminist icon, education campaigner, popular leader, pioneering politician, accomplished poet, the life of Sarojini Naidu is remarkable in many ways.

85199 (1970-09) by John Olson LIFE Photo Collection

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"The Eternal Jew"

Getty images, independence day celebrations 1947, nehru memorial museum and library, boycott apartheid, asian relations conference, new delhi, the fall of the berlin wall, the making of the indian constitution, a year of unrest.

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• Sarojini Naidu Biography

Introduction to Sarojini Naidu Biography

We know about Gandhi, Nehru, Bhagat Singh in our study of the Indian Freedom struggle movement.

When it comes to women, we only speak about Rani Laxmibai’s contribution to the revolution of 1857. However, other women freedom fighters contributed heavily to the Indian Independence Movement.

Amongst the women who contributed to the independence of India, Sarojini Naidu is an underrated name.

Sarojini Naidu was not only a freedom fighter but also one of the eminent women poets of India.

She is also given the title of ‘Nightingale of India’.

Early Life and Education

Naidu was born in Hyderabad on the 13th of February 1879 to eminent linguist Aghornath Chattopadhyay and his wife Barada Sundari Devi, a Bengali poetess. Her father was also one of the first members of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad. 

Sarojini Naidu was an intelligent student who showed fluency in Urdu, Telugu, English, Bengali, and Persian. 

At the age of 12, she received fame by topping the matriculation exams of Madras University. This leads her to receive a scholarship from the Nizam of Hyderabad to study abroad.

Naidu was interested in writing poetry, while her father wanted her to be a mathematician.

Sarojini went to study in England where she met famous literary laureates such as Edmond Goose and Arthur Symons. Goose suggested that Naidu should use Indian themes in her poetry work. 

Naidu expressed the life and events of modern India through her poetry. Her works- 'The Golden Threshold’ (1905), ‘The Bird of Time’ (1912), and ‘The Broken Wing’ (1917) found readership in both India and England.

Sarojini Naidu had an intercaste marriage with Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu, a South Indian doctor under the  Brahmo Marriage Act (1872)

Contribution in the Indian Independence Struggle

Naidu became part of the independence movement by showcasing her oratory skills. She advocated for women’s rights and their empowerment. 

As the partition of Bengal began in 1905, she connected with eminent leaders of the Indian National Congress.

Between 1915-1918, she excelled in delivering her oratory skills about the social welfare of women. She encouraged women to step out of their homes and fight for the independence of the country.

In 1917, Naidu accompanied Annie Beasant, the president of the Home Rule to advocate for women’s suffrage in front of the Joint Select Committee in London. She also showed support for the Lucknow Pact, a joint Hindu-Muslim demand for British better political reform.

The same year, Naidu joined Gandhi’s satyagraha and non-violent movement.

In 1919, Naidu also joined the non-cooperation movement as a part of her advocacy against British rule. 

Naidu also became the first Indian female president of the Indian National Congress in 1925.

She was also responsible for persuading Gandhi to let women join the Salt March in 1930.

In 1931, Sarojini Naidu joined the Round Table Conference in London under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. She was, however, jailed in 1932.

For her involvement in the Quit India Movement, Naidu faced imprisonment in 1941.

After India’s independence in 1947, Naidu became the first governor of Uttar Pradesh. She retained office till her death in 1949.

Sarojini Naidu has been memorialized at the University of Hyderabad’s Golden Threshold.

In 1990, the Asteroid 5647 Sarojini Naidu, discovered by Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory and was named in her memory.

Sarojini Naidu has been one of the most prominent female literary laureates and freedom fighters who encouraged women to participate in politics in India.

More About Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu was a child prodigy, freedom fighter, and poet, who is known as the Nightingale of India (Bharatiya Kokila). She was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh,  India’s fourth-largest state. 

As such, although her name is not as well recognised as that of the female Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, she led the way for women in Indian politics. After the arrests of Gandhi, Abbas Tyabji, and Kasturba Gandhi, she was instrumental in the Indian Independence Movement, joining Mahatma Gandhi in the Salt March to Dandi and then leading the Dharasana Satyagraha. She was a wife and a mother as well. In India, Women's Day is celebrated on her birthday.

Sarojini Naidu Information

Sarojini Naidu Birthday - February 13th, 1879

Sarojini Naidu Birthplace - Hyderabad, India

Sarojini Naidu Husband Name - Govindarajulu Naidu

Sarojini Naidu Death Date - March 2nd, 1949

Sarojini Naidu Death Cause - Cardiac arrest

The Early Life of Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu’s birthplace was Hyderabad, India. She was the eldest daughter of Aghornath Chattopadhyaya, a scientist, philosopher, and educator, and Varada Sundari Devi, a Bengali poet. Her father was the founder of Nizam College, Hyderabad and, with his friend Mulla Abdul Qayyum, was also the first member of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad. 

The family heritage of Chattopadhyaya was that of the Brahman class, originally from Bengal. In retribution for his political actions, he was later removed from his position as principal and even exiled. Urdu, Telugu, English, Persian, and Bengali were studied by Sarojini Naidu. P.B. Shelley was her favourite author.

At the age of twelve, she gained national renown for joining Madras University. She moved to England at sixteen, first to study at King's College London and then at Girton College, Cambridge. She was associated with the Suffragette movement while in England. In England, too, the poets Arthur Simon and Edmond Gausse urged her to explore Indian themes in her prose, such as the landscape of India, her temples, and her people. In 1905, her first poetry book, The Golden Threshold, appeared.

Her poems featured daily scenes of Indian life, often taken from the streets and markets, so her poetry was inhabited by snake charmers and beggars and bangle sellers. It was in 1905, in protest over the partition of Bengal, that she joined the Indian National Congress. She was a strong advocate of the rights of women, a proponent of education for all, and of the unity of Hindu-Muslims.

About Sarojini Naidu Family

She met Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu at the age of 17, while still in England, and fell in love with him. He belonged to Andhra Pradesh. A very happy one was her marriage. They were married in 1898 in Madras. Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randheer, and Leelamani had four children. Even though Govindarajulu was a non-Brahman, the marriage was blessed by her kin (rare at this time).

A noted Indian activist, Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, was Naidu's brother. Virendranath was instrumental in forming the Berlin Committee during World War I and was one of the leading figures of the Hindu German Scheme, a conspiracy to spur an anti-British, pro-German rebellion in India. He later became committed to Communism, moving to Soviet Russia where, on Joseph Stalin's orders in 1937, he is believed to have been executed. Harindranath, another brother, was an actor.

Sarojini Naidu Freedom Fighter

In the aftermath of the 1905 partition of Bengal, she joined the Indian independence movement. Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, Mohandas Gandhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru were in touch with Sarojini between 1903-17. She lectured on youth welfare, labour dignity, women's emancipation, and nationalism in India from 1915 to 1918.

To advocate for the female franchise, she helped create the Women's Indian Association (WIA) (1917). On December 15, that year, she led a women's delegation to meet with the British Secretary of State for India, who was visiting India, asking for women's rights and a vote. Women were waking up to their civic obligations, the delegation told the Minister.

At the special session of the Indian National Congress that met in Bombay in August 1918, she spoke about women's rights. She accompanied Annie Besant, President of the WIA, in May 1918 to present the case for the women's vote to the Joint Select Committee in London debating Indian constitutional reforms, where they told the MPs that "powerful, unified and ready to change society" were Indian women.

After meeting Jawaharlal Nehru in 1916, she took up the cause of the Chappel Head Indigo workers as well. The British government passed the Rowlatt Act in March 1919, in which the possession of seditious papers was considered illegal. To protest, Mohandas Gandhi initiated the Non-Cooperation Movement and Naidu was the first to join the movement the government was trying to suppress.

In July 1919, Naidu became the ambassador of the Home Rule League to England, where the Government of India Act (1919) was passed, which constituted a legislative assembly, but with a limited number of 93 elected delegates (with 42 appointed and an upper house of 34 elected and 26 appointed members). It did not give a vote to women. She returned to India in July 1920, and Mahatma Gandhi announced the Non-Cooperation Movement on August 1. In January 1924, at the East African Indian Congress, she was one of the two delegates to the Indian National Congress. As a supporter of the needs of the dispersed Indian populations, she travelled across East and South Africa.

Sarojini Naidu as President of Congress

In 1925, eight years after Anie Bessant was elected, Sarojini Naidu was elected as the first Indian woman to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress. This place was a strong one. It is unlikely that at this point, apart from Regnant Queens, any other woman has achieved such a significant political role.

To support the cause of India's independence, Naidu visited New York in October 1928. She also shared concerns about the unequal treatment of African-Americans and Amerindians while there. She became a member of the Congress Working Committee upon her return to India. The National Congress declared its independence from the British Empire on January 26, 1930.

Mohandas Gandhi was apprehended on May 5. Shortly thereafter, Naidu was arrested and was in custody for several months. She was released on January 31, 1931, along with Gandhi. They were arrested again later that year. Owing to her ill health, Naidu was finally released and Gandhi was released in 1933. In 1931, along with Gandhi and Pandit Malaviyaji, she participated in the Round Table Summit in London. In 1942, she was arrested and remained with Gandhiji in jail for 21 months during the "Quit India'' movement.

Sarojini Naidu Works

In 1905, The Golden Threshold was published as the first volume of her book of poems. There were two additional volumes published: The Bird of Time (1912) and The Broken Wing (1917), which also included ‘The Gift of India’.

In 1919, she published the autobiography of Muhammad Jinnah, and in 1943, The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India along with Allahabad: Kitabistan was posthumously published.

In 1961, she published ‘The Feather of the Dawn’ which was edited by her daughter Padmaja Naidu. ‘The Indian Weavers’ was published in 1971. Her poetry had beautiful words which could be sung as well which led to her being called the nightingale of India.

Sarojini Naidu Awards and Honors

The British government awarded Naidu the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal for her work during the plague epidemic in India, which she later returned to protest over the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh in April 1919.

The Birthday of Naidu, i.e. 13 February, is celebrated as Women's Day to remember the strong voices of women in the history of India.

Directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced by the Films Division of the Government of India, Sarojini Naidu (1960) is a documentary film about her life.

Sarojini Naidu was granted the title of "Nightingale of India" for her work in the field of poetry writing.

With a Google Doodle, Google India commemorated Naidu's 135th birth anniversary in 2014. Sarojini Naidu was among the "150 Leading Figures".

Conclusion 

This is all about the biography of Sarojini Naidu, the nightingale of India. Her spectacular life and courage make her the role model of Indian women. We study her contributions to India’s struggle for independence and worship her as one of the founders of the true India. 

FAQs on Sarojini Naidu Biography

1. Who was Sarojini Naidu?

Sarojini Naidu was one of the most eminent female freedom fighters of the Indian freedom struggle.

2. Was Sarojini Naidu a poet?

Yes, Sarojini Naidu is known as one of the prominent female poets of India. Sarojini Naidu showed themes of Modern Indian lives and events in her poetry. The famous literary works published by Sarojini Naidu are The Golden Threshold’ (1905), ‘The Bird of Time’ (1912), and ‘The Broken Wing’ (1917)

3. What is the title with which Sarojini Naidu is lauded?

Sarojini Naidu is lauded with the title of being the Nightingale of India.

4. Which party did Sarojini Naidu Work For?

Sarojini Naidu was part of the Indian National Congress. She was part of several freedom movements led by Congress, such as the Home Rule League Movement, Salt March, Non-Cooperation Movement, and Satyagraha Movement.

5. Describe the Writing Style of Sarojini Naidu.

Many of Naidu's poems are about the natural world or daily life. Many are saturated with her love for the independence of India from British rule and her patriotism. With the use of literary devices such as imagery and alliteration, Naidu's writing style is conventional and simple. Imagery is the definition of sight, sound, taste, touch, or smell using all of the five senses. The poems by Naidu are rich with imagery.

Sarojini Naidu received this nickname for herself due to her contribution to poetry. Her works, rich in imagery, covered several topics, including passion, death, separation. Most of her poems have repetitions of lines across stanzas. This is similar to the song of a Nightingale - repetitive and lovely, thus giving her the title.

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Sarojini Naidu: Biography, Literary Journey, Political Activism & Legacies

Sarojini Naidu , famously known as the Nightingale of India or Bharat Kokila, is a monumental figure in Indian history. With equal prowess in the worlds of activism and art, Naidu was a fierce freedom fighter and a celebrated poet of early 20th-century India. In recognition of Naidu’s instrumental role in advocating for women’s rights, her birth anniversary on the 13 February every year is celebrated as National Women’s Day in India .

As India celebrates the 145th birth anniversary of Sarojini Naidu on 13th February 2024, this article of NEXT IAS presents a detailed biography of Sarojini Naidu , including her literary journey, political activism, notable contributions and legacies.

About Sarojini Naidu: A Synoptic Overview

Early life and education of sarojini naidu.

Sarojini Naidu was born on February 13, 1879, in Hyderabad, into a distinguished Bengali Hindu family. Naidu inherited progressive thoughts from her father, Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, who was a progressive thinker and a proponent of education. Her mother Barada Sundari Devi Chattopadhyay was a Bengali poetess, who instilled in her an exceptional aptitude for languages and poetry. It was this blend of scholarly pursuit and poetic talent that sowed the seed for her future endeavors as a nationalist and a poet.

The progressive environment of her family encouraged her education since her childhood. Sarojini Naidu passed the matriculation examination from the University of Madras, achieving the first rank, which was an extraordinary accomplishment at the time, especially for a young girl.

Having completed her early education in India, she set on a path to further her studies abroad, a rare opportunity for Indian women at the time. Her journey of studies abroad included education at King’s College (London), followed by that at Girton College (Cambridge).

Her education in England further enriched her understanding of literature and honed her skills as a writer. Moreover, it was during this period that Sarojini Naidu was exposed to the ideas of liberty, democracy, and nationalism. Her interactions with the British and Indian intellectuals in England awakened her political consciousness and she became more acutely aware of the political situation in India and the growing freedom movement. It was this diverse experience in England that laid the groundwork for her future involvement in the literary world as well as India’s struggle for independence.

Literary Journey of Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu’s evolution as a poet was a journey marked by early talent, literary exploration, and a deepening engagement with the socio-political issues of her time. She displayed an exceptional talent for writing from a very young age. By the age of 13, she had produced a significant body of literary work, which was compiled as her first collection of poems.

Growing up in a multilingual family, Naidu’s early poetry was infused with the rich cultural and linguistic heritage of India. Her education in England gave her exposure to Western literary traditions and the works of prominent poets. This expanded her literary horizons and influenced her thematic and stylistic choices. The result was that her literary works emerged as a perfect fusion of Indian themes with English verse.

Sarojini Naidu’s Notable Literary Works

Sarojini Naidu’s literary legacy is marked by a collection of works that beautifully capture the essence of Indian culture, landscapes, and the spirit of its freedom struggle. Her initial works showcased an emotional depth, along with a vivid portrayal of Indian landscapes and life. Her involvement in the national movement influenced her writing, and her poetry began to reflect a stronger sense of nationalism and a subtle critique of colonial rule. Over time, her poetry also began to address social and political issues more directly, particularly those concerning women’s rights and women empowerment.

The major literary works of Sarojini Naidu include the following:

• The Golden Threshold : This was Sarojini Naidu’s first collection of poems. This was published in 1905 and is named after her family home in Hyderabad.
• The Bird of Time : Published in 1912, this collection features patriotic pieces that reflect Naidu’s deep love for her country.
• The Broken Wing : This collection is known for including one of the most famous poems of Naidu “In the Bazaars of Hyderabad”.
• The Sceptred Flute : Songs of India : This anthology of Naidu’s poems was published after her death and includes verses that artfully weave the essence of Indian tradition with the English language.
• The Feather of The Dawn : Published in 1961, this was edited by her daughter Padmaja Naidu. This collection comprises previously unpublished poems by Sarojini Naidu.

Apart from the above-listed one, her literary works include many other notable poems. Celebrated for their lyrical beauty and patriotic fervor her poems remain a testament to her enduring legacy as “The Nightingale of India.”

Political Activism of Sarojini Naidu

During her time, the nationalistic fervor and growing demand for freedom from British rule were sweeping across India. All these deeply influenced Naidu and she ventured into the Indian freedom movement. Along with making her poetry a powerful medium of propagating nationalism, she took active participation in several movements organized during her time.

Some of the notable involvement and contributions of Sarojini Naidu in the Freedom Struggle are listed below:

• Influence of Gopal Krishna Gokhale : Gopal Krishna Gokhale played a crucial role in drawing Sarojini Naidu closer to the freedom movement. Inspired by his ideals and dedication, Naidu decided to dedicate her life to the cause of India’s independence.
• Anti-Partition Movement : She formally joined the Indian national movement during the anti-partition of Bengal in 1905.
• Meeting with Mahatma Gandhi : Her encounter with Mahatma Gandhi further enhanced her engagement in India’s Freedom Struggle. Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience deeply resonated with her, and she became one of his closest associates and supporters.
• She was arrested several times during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• She was the first Indian woman and overall the second woman (after Annie Besant) to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress.
• Her presidency marked a significant milestone in recognizing the role of women in the Indian independence movement.
• Participation in Civil Disobedience and Salt Satyagraha : Naidu played a pivotal role in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Salt Satyagraha of 1930. She led the Dharasana Satyagraha after Gandhi’s arrest, showcasing her courage to face colonial repression.
• Second Round Table Conference : Naidu accompanied Gandhi to London for the second Round Table Conference held in 1931.
• Participation in Quit India Movement: Sarojini Naidu registered her participation in Quit India Movement launched in 1942 as well.
• Advocacy for Women’s Rights : Naidu is known for championing the cause of women’s rights in India. She saw the national movement as an opportunity for women to showcase their strength and hence advocated for women’s active participation in the freedom struggle.
• She also represented India at various international forums, where she advocated for the Indian independence movement and women’s rights.

Sarojini Naidu’s Advocacy for Women’s Rights

Sarojini Naidu’s advocacy for women’s rights was an essential part of her larger vision for India. Her commitment to the cause of women’s emancipation was rooted in her belief in equality and justice, reflecting her broader vision for an independent and progressive India. Naidu’s multifaceted efforts in advocating for women’s rights can be seen under the following heads:

Inspirational Figure

By achieving a high level of education and actively engaging in political and social causes, Naidu herself emerged as an inspirational figure for Indian women. Her success in the public sphere became a beacon of hope for women across India and inspired them to fight for their emancipation.

Promotion of Women’s Education

Understanding the pivotal role of education in empowering women, Naidu advocated for greater access to education for girls. She believed that educated women were crucial not only to India’s struggle for independence but also to the nation’s progress.

Promotion of Women’s Participation

As a prominent leader in the Indian National Congress , Naidu used her position to encourage women’s participation in the freedom struggle. Her appointment as the president of the Congress in 1925 itself broke the prevailing gender biases and inspired many women to join the movement.

Women’s Indian Association

Naidu assisted Annie Besant in establishing the Women’s India Association in 1917. Here, she advocated for women’s suffrage and better conditions for women in India.

Legislative Advocacy

Naidu pushed for legislative reforms to improve the status of women in India. She supported laws that aimed at abolishing child marriage and enhancing women’s rights in marriage, including property rights.

Public Speaking and Writing

Through her speeches and writings, Naidu addressed the issues faced by women, including the need for political rights, and social equality. She used her eloquence and persuasive power to emphasize the importance of women’s roles in shaping modern India.

International Women’s Conferences

Sarojini Naidu represented India at international women’s conferences, raising awareness about the condition of Indian women and garnering support for their cause. Her international engagement helped link the struggle for women’s rights in India with global feminist movements. Thus, in a sense, she highlighted the universal quest for gender equality.

Sarojini Naidu’s Roles in Post-Independence India

The period from India’s independence in August 1947 until the death of Sarojini Naidu on March 2, 1949, was very short. However, Naidu played some crucial roles even during this brief period.

Governor of the United Provinces

One of Sarojini Naidu’s most notable contributions to post-independence India was her appointment as the Governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), a position she held until her death.

• It is to be noted that Naidu is Governor of any state to be appointed as the Governor of any state . This historic appointment not only broke gender barriers but also set a precedent for women’s participation in high-level administrative roles in independent India.

Advocacy for Communal Harmony

The events that unfolded after the partition of India in 1947 led to widespread communal violence and displacement. In her capacity as a leader and public figure, Naidu used her eloquence to promote peace and reconciliation among communities.

Promotion of Women’s Rights

Even after independence, Naidu continued to promote the cause of women’s rights and empowerment. She emphasized that the progress of the newly independent India depended on the progress of its women.

Symbol of National Pride

Naidu remained a symbol of national pride and cultural heritage in post-independence India. Through her writings and public life, Naidu continued to inspire a sense of unity and purpose among Indians during the critical years of nation-building.

Legacies of Sarojini Naidu

Through her myriad contributions, Sarojini Naidu has left a lasting impact on the nation’s cultural and political landscape. In contemporary India, her legacy is commemorated through various memorials, institutions, and events. Some of the prominent symbols of her legacy in present India can be seen as follows:

National Women’s Day

Recognising the crucial role played by Naidu in advocating for women’s rights in India, the Government of India has declared her birth anniversary on 13 February every year as National Women’s Day. It serves as a reminder of the role women have played in shaping India’s history and as an inspiration for ongoing efforts toward gender equality and women’s empowerment.

Educational Institutions

Several educational institutions have been named after Sarojini Naidu to honor her contributions to education and literature. These include the Sarojini Naidu College for Women in Kolkata, Sarojini Naidu Medical College in Agra, and Sarojini Naidu Government Girls Post Graduate (Autonomous) College, Bhopal.

Literary Commemorations

Naidu’s work as a poet is celebrated in literary circles. Literary festivals, poetry readings, and academic conferences often feature sessions dedicated to her work.

Public Memorials and Statues

Public memorials and statues of Sarojini Naidu have been erected in various parts of India, serving as physical reminders of her contributions to the nation.

Government Awards and Recognitions

In recognition of Naidu’s role in women empowerment, the Government of India has instituted several awards in her name. These awards recognise women who have made significant contributions in various fields such as arts, culture, and social service.

Cultural Legacy

Sarojini Naidu’s life and work have been the subject of various cultural productions, including films, plays, and books. For example, the Film Division of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has produced some films based on the biography of Sarojini Naidu.

Significance in Contemporary India

with an ongoing struggle for gender equality and women empowerment , Sarojini Naidu’s life and work continue to hold significance in the present time.

Sarojini Naidu’s contributions to India’s struggle for independence and her role in the early years of post-independence India remain immortalized in Indian history. Naidu’s life and work continue to inspire generations of Indians, particularly women, to contribute to the welfare and progress of their country.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Sarojini Naidu

Where was sarojini naidu born.

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad, which is currently in the state of Telangana, India. She was born on February 13, 1879, into a Bengali Hindu family.

Why Sarojini Naidu is Called the Nightingale of India?

Sarojini Naidu is called the “Nightingale of India” because of her enchanting poetic talent. Her ability to weave words with grace and her lyrical prowess earned her this title.

When is National Women’s Day?

National Women’s Day in India is celebrated on February 13th each year to honor the birth anniversary of Sarojini Naidu.

Why do we Celebrate National Women’s Day?

National Women’s Day is celebrated to honor and recognize the significant contributions of women to society, culture, economy, and politics. It serves as an opportunity to celebrate the achievements of women, raise awareness about issues affecting them, and advocate for gender equality and women’s rights.

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née Chattopadhyaya

1895-8 (as a student), 1905 (book tour of Britain for The Golden Threshold ) , 1912-14 , 1919-21 (with All India Home Rule League), 1931 (Second Round Table Conference with M. K. Gandhi).

A student at King’s College, London, and Girton College, Cambridge in the early 1890s, and a writer of precocious if imitative verse, Naidu was feted in London in the 1900s as the poet of an exoticized India.

From a Bengali family based in Hyderabad, Naidu was sent to Britain in 1895 on the Nizam's scholarship on the strength of her poetry. She was then not married and known as Sarojini Chattopadhyaya. However, she had already embarked on a romantic relationship with Dr Govindarajalu Naidu, in Hyderabad, who had studied medicine at Edinburgh; her father, Aghorenath Chattopadhyaya had also been a student at Edinburgh University.

She became the ward of Elizabeth Manning , the Secretary of the National Indian Association , whose step-mother had been involved in the foundation of Girton College, Cambridge. Naidu was heavily influenced by the poets Edmund Gosse , Arthur Symons and W. B. Yeats . Particularly interesting accounts of her very early Europeanized work appear as the introductions to her second and third collections, by Arthur Symons, and Edmund Gosse respectively. Her poetry also appeared in the Savoy . Appearances and readings by Naidu in the 1900s were reported in the Indian Magazine .

Naidu returned to India in 1898, beset by ill-health, that dogged her throughout her life. She maintained correspondence with poets in Britain but also embarked on a political career. Her returns to Britain were marked by poetry readings and receptions, convalescence in British nursing homes, as well as political rallies and meetings. She joined the Indian National Congress in 1904 and was vocal about women's rights. She gave evidence in 1919 to a Select Committee in favour of the women's vote in India. She also had a public confrontation with Edwin Montagu over the Amritsar Massacre. Naidu had met M. K. Gandhi in London in 1914 and became very close to him. She accompanied him on the famous Dandi salt march and accompanied him to the Round Table Conference in 1931. Naidu was appointed Governer of United Provinces in 1947 and died in office in February 1949.

Asaf Ali , E. J. Beck , Annie Besant , Harindranath Chattopadhyaya (brother), Virendranath Chattopadhyaya (brother), G. K. Chettur , M. K. Gandhi , Edmund Gosse , Mithan J. Lam (women's rights), Elizabeth Adelaide Manning , Arthur Symons , Rabindranath Tagore , Herabai Tata (women's rights), W. B. Yeats

Poetry readings, London, 1900s

Second Round Table Conference , 1931

Songs (1895)

The Golden Threshold (William Heinemann, 1905)

The Bird of Time (William Heinemann, 1912)

The Broken Wing (1917).

Also nationalist speeches, for an extract see Susie Tharu and K. Lalita, Women Writing in India , Vol. 1 (1991)

Journal of the National Indian Association / Indian Magazine and Review

The Modern Review

'Eastern Dancers', Savoy (1896)

The Academy

The Athenaeum

The Bookman

Manchester Guardian

Saturday Review

The Speaker

Boehmer, Elleke, ‘East is East’ in Stories of Women: Gender and Nationalism in the Postcolonial Nation (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005), pp. 158-171

Banerjee, Hasi, Sarojini Naidu: The Traditional Feminist (Calcutta: K. P. Baghci & Co., 1998)

Baig, Tara Ali, Sarojini Naidu (New Delhi: Government of India, 1974)

Paranjape, Makarand (ed.), Sarojini Naidu: Selected Letters 1890s to 1940s (New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1996)

Raychaudhuri, Tapan, ‘Naidu , Sarojini (1879–1949)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2010) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/47743]

Sengupta, Padmini, Sarojini Naidu: A Biography (Delhi: Asia Publishing House, 1966)

Sturgeon, Mary C., Studies of Contemporary Poets (London: Harrap & Co., 1920)

Photo of Naidu as the little ‘Indian princess’ appears in Maud Gonne’s The Servant of the Queen

Mss Eur A95, Asian and African Studies Reading Room, British Library, St Pancras

Mss Eur F341/152 (notes on Naidu in Geraldine Forbes collection), Asian and African Studies Reading Room, British Library, St Pancras

National Archives of India, Delhi

Nehru Memorial Library, Delhi

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Sarojini Naidu Death Anniversary: Early Life, Marriage, Education, Political & Writing Career, Death, Legacy, Quotes, and More

Sarojini naidu death anniversary: she was a political activist, feminist, and poet. she was the first indian woman to be president of the indian national congress. her work as a poet earned her the sobriquet 'the nightingale of india'. take a look at sarojini naidu's early life, family, education, marriage, political and writing career, legacy, and more..

Sarojini Naidu Death Anniversary: Sarojini Naidu, India's Nightingale passed away on March 2, 1949, due to cardiac arrest. She was an Indian political activist, poet, and an important figure in India's struggle for independence from colonial rule. She was the first Indian woman to be president of the Indian National Congress and to be appointed an Indian state governor. Popularly she was known as  'the Nightingale of India'. She was also the first woman governor of an Indian state. Scroll down for more information about her.

Sarojini Naidu Biography: Early Life, Family, Education, Marriage

She was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad, India. She was the eldest daughter of Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, a Bengali Brahman who was principal of the Nizam’s College, Hyderabad.Her mother was Varada Sundari Devi. At the age of twelve, she entered the University of Madras and studied (1895–98) at King's College, London. Later, she studied at Girton College, Cambridge.

Sarojini Naidu: Political Career

At the start of 1904, she became a popular orator, promoted Indian independence, and women's rights mainly women's education. In 1906, she addressed the Indian National Congress and the Indian Social Conference in Calcutta. 

She earned the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal in 1911 for her social work for flood relief. Later, she returned it back in protest of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 1919). In 1909, she met Muthulakshmi Reddy and Mahatma Gandhi in 1914. 

In 1917, she with Reddy helped to establish the Women's Indian Association. Later, she accompanied her colleague Annie Besant to advocate universal suffrage in front of the Joint Select Committee in London, United Kingdom. At that time, Annie Besant was the president of the Home Rule League and Women's Indian Association. She also supported the Lucknow Pact. As an orator, she was famous for her personality and the incorporation of her poetry.

She had close ties with Mahatma Gandhi, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, and Sarala Devi Chaudhurani. She joined Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha movement of nonviolent resistance against British rule after 1917. In 1919, she went to London as a part of the All India Home Rule League. Next year, she participated in the non-cooperation movement in India.

She traveled in eastern Africa and South Africa for Indians in 1924. She was one of the major figures to have led the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit Indian Movement. In 1925, she was appointed the President of the Indian National Congress. In 1928-29, she toured North America providing lectures on the Congress movement. 

She was a founding member of the All Indian Women's Conference in 1927. She also presided over the East African and Indian Congress 1929 session in South Africa. 

Sarojini Naidu's Literary Life (Writing Career)

She led an active literary life and attracted notable Indian intellectuals. At the age of 12, she started writing. Maher Muneer, her play which was written in Persian impressed the Nizam of the Kingdom of Hyderabad. Her English poetry took the form of lyric poetry in the tradition of British Romanticism. She was also famous for her vivid use of rich sensory images in her writing, and for her depictions of India. Her first volume of poetry was published in 1905 named The Golden Threshold. She was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1914. 

In 1912, her second and most strongly nationalist book of poems, The Bird of Time, was published. Her collected poems that were written in English have been published under the titles The Sceptred Flute (1928) and The Feather of the Dawn (1961).

Sarojini Naidu: Death

Sarojini naidu biography: legacy.

She was known as "one of India's feminist luminaries'. 13 February is observed as National Women's Day to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sarojini Naidu. 

Popularly she was known as the "Nightingale of India'. Also, Edmund Gosse called her "the most accomplished living poet in India" in 1919.  She was also memorialized in the Golden Threshold which was an off-campus annex of the University of Hyderabad named for her first collection of poetry. Now, Golden Threshold houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication at the University of Hyderabad.

Sarojini Naidu Biography:  Some works on her

In 1966, the first biography of Sarojini Naidu named Sarojini Naidu: a Biography was published and written by Padmini Sengupta. 

In 2014, a biography for children, Sarojini Naidu: The Nightingale and The Freedom Fighter, was published by Hachette.

Sarojini Naidu: Quotes

1. "We want deeper sincerity of motive, a greater courage in speech, and earnestness in action."

2. "A country’s greatness lies in its undying ideals of love and sacrifice that inspire the mothers of the race."

3. "I say it is not your pride that you are a Madrasi, it is not your pride that you a brahmin, it is not your pride that you belong to south India, it is not your pride that you are a Hindu, that it is your pride that you are an Indian."

4. "When there is oppression, the only self-respecting thing is to rise and say this shall cease today because my right is justice. If you are stronger, you have to help the weaker boy or girl both in play and in the work."

5. “I am not ready to die because it requires infinitely greater courage to live.”

Remembering renowned freedom fighter & distinguished poet “Nightingale of India” Sarojini Naidu ji on her death anniversary. pic.twitter.com/77RO36Jz2e — Nitin Gadkari (@nitin_gadkari) March 2, 2023

Sarojini Naidu was a freedom fighter as well as a poetess. She participated prominently in the freedom movement. In America, she spoke strongly on Indian culture and the role of women in it. (1/2) #AmritMahotsav #SarojiniNaidu #FreedomFighters #FreedomStruggle pic.twitter.com/Fr6Ef2IkI1 — Amrit Mahotsav (@AmritMahotsav) March 2, 2023

"We want deeper sincerity of motive, a greater courage in speech and earnestness in action." ~ Smt. Sarojini Naidu Sarojini Naidu inspired millions through her eloquent poetry & active participation in the National Movement. Respectful tribute to the Former Congress President. pic.twitter.com/AOrWqvHieO — Mallikarjun Kharge (@kharge) March 2, 2023

Congress party remembers freedom fighter & former President of Congress, Sarojini Naidu, on her death anniversary. Hailed as the ‘Nightingale of India’ for her brilliant poetry, she was also an ardent advocate of women’s empowerment & civil rights. pic.twitter.com/NYm1a0xeCn — Congress (@INCIndia) March 2, 2023

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• What was Sarojini Naidu famous for? + A proponent of civil rights, women's emancipation, and anti-imperialistic ideas, she was an important person in India's struggle for independence from colonial British Rule.
• When did Sarojini Naidu die? + On 2 March 1949, Sarojini Naidu died of a cardiac arrest at the Government House in Lucknow.
• Who gave the title "the Nightingale of India" to Sarojini Naidu? + Sarojini Naidu's work as a poet earned her the sobriquet 'the Nightingale of India' by Mahatma Gandhi.
• What was the original name of Sarojini Naidu? + Sarojini Chattopadhyay was the original name of Sarojini Naidu. She was born on 13 February 1879.
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Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu (February 13, 1879 – March 2, 1949) was born in Hyderabad, India as the eldest daughter of scientist, philosopher, and educator Aghornath Chattopadhyaya, and Varada Sundari Devi, a Bengali poetess. Her father was the founder of the Nizam College, Hyderabad and also the first member of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad with his friend Mulla Abdul Qayyum. Chattopadhyaya’s family heritage was of the Brahman class, originally from Bengal. He was later dismissed from his position as Principal and even banished in retaliation for his political activities. Sarojini Naidu learned to speak Urdu, Telugu, English, Persian and Bengali. Her favorite poet was P.B. Shelley.

She attained national fame for entering Madras University at the age of twelve. At sixteen, she traveled to England to study first at King’s College London and subsequently at Girton College, Cambridge. While in England, she identified with the Suffragette movement. Also in England, she was encouraged by the poets Arthur Simon and Edmond Gausse to explore Indian themes in her writing, such as India’s landscape, her temples and her people. Her first book of poetry, The Golden Threshold, appeared in 1905. Other volumes followed. Her poems featured everyday scenes of Indian life, often drawn from the streets and markets, thus snake charmers and beggars and bangle sellers populate her poetry. It was in 1905 that she joined the Indian National Congress in protest over the Partition of Bengal. She was a strong supporter of women’s rights, a champion of education for all and of Hindu-Muslim unity.

Poems by Sarojini Naidu

• A Love Song From The North
• A Rajput Love Song
• An Indian Love Song
• Autumn Song
• Corn Grinders
• Coromandel Fishers
• Cradle Song
• Damayante To Nala In The Hour Of Exile
• Harvest Hymn
• Humayun To Zobeida (From The Urdu)
• In Praise Of Henna
• In Salutation To The Eternal Peace
• In The Bazaars Of Hyderabad
• In The Forest
• Indian Dancer
• Indian Love Song
• Indian Weavers
• My Dead Dream
• Nightfall In The City Of Hyderabad
• Ode To H.H. The Nizam Of Hyderabad
• Palanquin Bearers
• Past And Future
• Song Of A Dream
• Street Cries
• The Bangle Sellers
• The Gift of India
• The Illusion Of Love
• The Indian Gipsy
• The Pardah Nashin
• The Poet To Death
• The Poet’s Love-Song
• The Queen’s Rival
• The Royal Tombs Of Golconda
• The Snake Charmer
• The Song Of Princess Zeb-Un-Nissa In Praise Of Her Own Beauty
• The Soul’s Prayer
• To A Buddha Seated On A Lotus
• To My Children
• To My Fairy Fancies
• To The God Of Pain
• Transcience
• Village Song
• Wandering Singers

Sarojini Naidu Biography, Awards, Achievements and History

Sarojini Naidu is an Indian Political Activist, Feminist Poet born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad, India. In this article, we have discussed Biography, History, and Achievements.

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Who is Sarojini Naidu?

Sarojini Naidu was a political activist, poet, and supporter of Indian independence. She goes by the name “ The Nightingale of India ,” and she is a well-known orator and poet. Sarojini Naidu was born on 13 February 1879, Hyderabad and Died on 2 March 1949, Lucknow, due to cardiac arrest at 3:30 p.m. Naidu was a gifted young author who won a scholarship to study abroad for her play “Maher Muneer” when she was young. She was elected as the  Indian National Congress ‘ second female president. She was the Indian state’s first female governor after independence. She achieved literary success with her collection of poems. She released “Golden Threshold,” a collection of poems, as her debut book in 1905. Sarojini Naidu “influenced the Indian Renaissance movement and had a mission to improve the life of Indian woman,” according to contemporary poet Bappaditya Bandopadhyay. In this article, you will learn about Sarojini Naidu and her achievements.

Sarojini Naidu Birth Anniversary

India celebrates  Sarojini Naidu’s 145th birth anniversary on February 13, 2024,  honouring her dual roles as poet and political activist also India commemorates February 13 as  National Women’s Day  in her honour. She was born on February 13 1879 in Hyderabad. Known as the ‘Nightingale of India,’ she played a pivotal role in the Indian National Movement, earning respect from leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Elected President of the Indian Congress in 1925, her literary prowess shone in works like “Golden Threshold.” 

Sarojini Naidu Death and Legacy

Sarojini Naidu was the first female governor of Uttar Pradesh. Sarojini Naidu passed away in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, on 2nd March 1949 due to cardiac arrest at 3:30 p.m. She lived her illustrious life according to her own words: “I shall not quit the cause of freedom as long as I have life, as long as blood flows through this arm of mine… I am merely a poet and a woman. But as a woman, I offer you the fortitude, courage, and weapons of faith.

Additionally, I raise the flag of song and sound, the bugle call to arms, as a poet. How shall I kindle the flame which shall waken you men from slavery…” Her childhood residence at Nampally was bequeathed to the University of Hyderabad by her family, and it was christened as ‘The Golden Threshold’ after Naidu’s 1905 publication. The University renamed its School of Fine Arts and Communication as ‘Sarojini Naidu School of Arts and Communication’ to honour the Nightingale of India.

Sarojini Naidu History

Sarojini Naidu was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad. Sarojini Naidu, also known as the  “Nightingale of India”  for her poetic talents, was a multifaceted figure in Indian history. Born in 1879, she was a prominent figure in the fight for independence. Naidu actively participated in non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, even facing imprisonment for her cause. Notably, she became the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress and later the first woman governor of Uttar Pradesh in independent India, paving the way for future generations of women in leadership roles.

Sarojini Naidu Biography

Sarojini Naidu (née Chattopadhyay) on February 13, 1879 in the city of Hyderabad. Dr. Aghore Nath Chattopadhyay, her father, was a scientist, philosopher, and teacher. He started Hyderabad’s Nizam College. In Bengali, her mother, Varada Sundari Devi, was a poetess. The first Indian National Congress member in Hyderabad was Dr. Aghore Nath Chattopadhyay. Aghore Nath was fired from his post as principal due to his involvement in social politics.

The Berlin Committee was founded mainly thanks to one of his brothers, Virendranath Chattopadhyay. He was greatly affected by Communism while participating in India’s ongoing war for independence as a political activist. Harindranath Chattopadhyay, her second brother, was an accomplished dramatist and well-known poet. Sunalini Devi, her sister, was a dancer and actress.

Sarojini has always been a brilliant and gifted child. She was fluent in several languages, including Persian, English, Bengali, Urdu, and Telugu. Naidu excelled in her Madras University matriculation exams. Sarojini’s father desired that she pursue a career in math or science, but the young woman was more interested in poetry. She used her excellent writing abilities to compose “The Lady of the Lake,” a 1300-line English poem.

Dr. Chattopadhyaya praised Sarojini’s writing after being impressed by her ability to articulate her feelings in just the correct terms. A few months later, Sarojini penned the Persian play “Maher Muneer” with the help of her father. While studying in England, Sarojini fell in love with Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu, a South Indian and non-Brahmin doctor. She became engaged to him at the age of 19 after returning to India, with the approval of his family.

In Madras in 1898, they were wed by the Brahmo Marriage Act (1872). Inter-caste marriages were not tolerated or permitted at the time of marriage in Indian society. She had a happy marriage. They have four Children.

Read about: Famous Indian Personalities and their Nicknames

Sarojini Naidu Role in Indian National Movement

Mahatma Gandhi and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, two illustrious leaders of the Indian freedom struggle , introduced Sarojini to politics in India. She made the decision to join the Indian liberation struggle after the partition of Bengal in 1905 had a profound impact on her.

She met with Gopal Krishna Gokhale on a regular basis, and he introduced her to other leaders of the Indian liberation movement. Naidu was persuaded by Gokhale to apply her knowledge and training to the cause. She put her writing on hold so she could completely commit to the political cause. Naidu interacted with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, and Mahatma Gandhi.

She first met Jawaharlal Nehru in 1916, with whom she collaborated to improve the deplorable working conditions of the Indigo workers in Champaran, an area in western Bihar, and fiercely fought the British for their rights. Sarojini Naidu travelled all throughout India giving speeches about nationalism, women’s freedom, the dignity of work, and youth welfare. Together with Annie Besant and other notable figures, she contributed to the founding of the Women’s India Association in 1917. She also discussed with Congress the importance of including more women in the fight for freedom. As the representative of the Indian Nationalist movement , she travelled widely in the United States and several European nations.

Sarojini Naidu Freedom Fighter

Sarojini Naidu Freedom Fighter the Rowlatt Act , passed by the British government in March 1919, made it unlawful to possess seditious materials. Naidu was the first to join the Non-Cooperation Movement , which Mahatma Gandhi started as a form of protest. Sarojini Naidu faithfully emulated Gandhi and actively participated in his other activities, such as the Satyagraha Pledge, the Khilafat Issue, the Sabarmati Pact, and the Civil Disobedience Movement .

Together with other leaders, she spearheaded the Dharasana Satyagraha in 1930 when Gandhi was detained following the Salt March to Dandi . In 1931, she travelled with Gandhi to London to attend the Round Table Conference with the British government. Her political involvement and role in the struggle for freedom resulted in her serving prison terms in 1930, 1932, and 1942. Her 1942 arrest resulted in a 21-month sentence. As a member of the All-India Home Rule Deputation, she visited England in 1919. She was one of the two representatives from the Indian National Congress who went to the East African Indian Congress in January 1924.

She was chosen to lead the Indian National Congress Party in 1925 as a result of her devoted service to the cause of liberation. The world’s understanding of the subtleties of India’s nonviolent battle for freedom was greatly aided by Naidu. She travelled to Europe and even the United States to spread Gandhian ideals, and she played a role in making him become an international symbol of peace.

She was appointed the first governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) following India’s independence, a position she held until her death in 1949.

Sarojini Naidu Achievements

Sarojini Naidu was a remarkable woman who made significant contributions to Indian independence, literature, and social reform. Sarojini Naidu is admired for her work in Indian poetry in addition to her role and commitment to the Indian Nationalist Movement. Songs have been made from several of her compositions. She found inspiration in nature and the world around her, and the spirit of her patriotism was reflected in her writing. Here are some of her most notable achievements:

• Her collection of poems, titled “Golden Threshold,” was released in 1905.
• She later released two additional volumes, “The Bird of Time” and “The Broken Wings,” which were both very well received in both India and England.
• In addition to poetry, she also wrote essays and articles like “Words of Freedom” on social concerns like women’s empowerment and political difficulties.

Political Activist

• Dedicated her life to the Indian independence movement, becoming a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress.
• Participated in various protests, demonstrations, and strikes against British rule.
• Imprisoned multiple times for her activism, demonstrating her unwavering commitment to the cause of independence.
• Played a key role in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.

Social Reformer

• Advocated for social justice and equality for women, working to improve their education and participation in society.
• Helped establish women’s organizations and educational institutions.
• Spoke out against child marriage and other social issues that disproportionately affected women.
• Her work helped to raise awareness of social inequalities and contributed to progress towards a more just society.

Governor of the United Provinces

• After India’s independence in 1947, Naidu became the first female governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh).
• Demonstrated her administrative skills and ability to connect with people from diverse backgrounds.
• Served as a role model for women, showing that they could hold positions of leadership and make a difference in society.

Sarojini Naidu Awards

Asian Academy of Arts and Marwah Studios presents the “Dr. Sarojini Naidu International Award for Working Women,” acknowledging the contributions of exceptional women professionals across the globe.

While there isn’t a nationally recognized award named after Sarojini Naidu, several institutions and organizations have established awards in her honour. These awards typically celebrate and recognize the achievements of women, particularly in fields she championed, like education, social work, and literature.

Sarojini Naidu Important Facts for UPSC

• She began a literary career at the age of 12. She wrote the play “Maher Muneer,” which received accolades and recognition from all around the world. She started her higher education early, attending Cambridge and London. This drama became well-known and impressed the Nawab of Hyderabad.
• The Nizam of Hyderabad gave her a scholarship when she was 16 years old, allowing her to attend London King’s College. Nobel Laureates Arthur Simon and Edmond Gausse gave her writing advice there, suggesting that she concentrate on Indian subjects. She highlighted contemporary Indian life and events in her poetry. She undoubtedly excelled as a poet of the 20th century by using poetry to describe her thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
• While attending college in London, she developed feelings for Padipati Govindarajulu Naidu, a non-Brahmin doctor. She was honest and bold enough to marry her love in 1898 when she was just 19 years old. Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randheer, and Leilaman were her four children.
• She joined the Indian National Movement in 1905, which was the beginning of her political career. She visited many locations in India between 1915 and 1918 to give lectures on social welfare, women’s empowerment, and nationalism. She founded the Women’s Indian Association(WIA) in 1917.
• The Golden Threshold, her debut collection of poems, was released in 1905. In addition, the second collection of poetry by Sarojini Naidu’s daughter Padmaja Naidu, titled “The Feather of the Dawn,” was published in 1961.
• Sarojini Naidu was the United Provinces of Agra and Awadh’s governor from 1947 to 1949, making her the nation’s first female governor.
• The most prominent person in India, Sarojini Naidu, is credited with founding a number of institutions, including the Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Sarojini Naidu College for Women, Sarojini Naidu School of Arts and Communication, and the Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital.
• She passed away on March 2, 1949, at Lucknow’s Government House, from a heart arrest. She had been the nation’s most ardent supporter and had backed him in all of his ideologies to free India from British control. She was referred to as “Mickey Mouse” by Mahatma Gandhi.

Explore the page to uncover the untold stories for Other Famous Personalities Biography and gain insights into the profound impact they have had on the world. Check here this link: Biographies of Famous Personalities .

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Sarojini Naidu Biography FAQs

Why is sarojini called the nightingale of india.

Naidu's literary work as a poet earned her the sobriquet the “Nightingale of India”, or “Bharat Kokila” by Mahatma Gandhi because of colour, imagery and lyrical quality of her poetry. Born in a Bengali family in Hyderabad, Chattopadhyay was educated in Madras, London and Cambridge.

Why is Sarojini Naidu so famous?

Sarojini Naidu or Sarojini Chattopadhyay, was born on February 13, 1879, Hyderabad, India and died March 2, 1949, in Lucknow. She was political activist, feminist, poet, and the first Indian woman to be president of the Indian National Congress and to be appointed an Indian state governor.

Does Sarojini Naidu got Nobel Prize?

It is a false statement because Sarojini Naidu did not win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

What is the famous poem of Sarojini Naidu?

Sarojini Naidu father wanted her to follow his footsteps in the world of science and mathematics, but when she composed a poem which she titled 'The Lady of the Lake' which was thirteen hundred lines long she impressed him with her mastery of words, and so he began to encourage her.

What is the national poem of India?

Born on May 7, 1861, Rabindranath Tagore needs no introduction. His work in Bengali Literature and literature in general is held in high esteem across the world. His compositions 'Jana gana mana', and 'Amar Shonar Bangla' have been chosen as the national anthems of India and Bangladesh respectively.

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Sarojini Naidu: A Biography

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Essay on Sarojini Naidu in 100, 150, 200, and 300 Words

• Updated on  
• Feb 6, 2024

Mahatma Gandhi named Sarojini Naidu the ‘Nightingale of India’ for her lovely poems. Sarojini Naidu rose to fame as the face of women’s empowerment in India. She was an important figure in Indian politics and democracy as a woman. Her role in India’s freedom struggle was highlighted during the Salt Satyagraha , in which she joined many other women protesters at the Dharasana Salt Works in Gujarat. Sarojini Naidu was the first woman president of the Indian National Congress and the first lady governor of India. She was a fervent believer in Satyagraha and a loyal disciple of Mahatma Gandhi. Here are three essay samples on Sarojini Naidu in 100 words, 200 words, and 300 words.

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This Blog Includes:

Essay on sarojini naidu: 100 words, essay on sarojini naidu in 150 words, essay on sarojini naidu in 200 words, essay on sarojini naidu: 300 words.

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad, India, on February 13, 1879, to a Bengali family. She began writing poems at a young age. She went on to study at both King’s College and Girton, Cambridge, for her higher education. During her childhood days, not many Indian families supported their daughters participating in the protest for independence. But, Sarojini Naidu’s family had always held progressive beliefs. As a result, she grew up believing in the power of protest in the pursuit of justice. Sarojini Naidu, also known as The Nightingale of India, was given this title for her remarkable contributions to the field of poetry. Her poems, which were rich in imagery, dealt with a variety of subjects, including love, death, and separation, among others.

Her poems were acclaimed by politicians, statesmen, and poets from all around the world. One of her most well-known poems is “In the Bazaars of Hyderabad.” Sarojini Naidu continues to be an inspiration to all women. Sarojini Naidu will be remembered as one of the most important figures in India’s liberation and women’s rights movements.

Check Out Our Blog on Essay On Subhash Chandra Bose

On February 13, 1879, Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad to a Bengali family. Her parents had outstanding morals and were quite progressive. She became quite mindful of the country and its people as a result of this. She was raised in a home with high moral standards. She was a gifted poet and a bright young girl. In England, she finished her academic education at Girton College, the University of Cambridge, and King’s College. Her poetry began to become more well-known. Additionally, she spoke about nationalism and promoted patriotism in several Indian cities. She founded the Women’s Indian Association and later played a crucial role in the campaign for India’s independence. She was a fighter on the front lines of the Satyagraha and Civil Disobedience movements. After the division of Bengal into two states, she joined Gandhi’s team. She served as the United Provinces of free India’s first female governor. She also made a reputation for herself as a poetess in the literature of India. Her poetry works did an excellent job of capturing modern India. She earned the moniker “Nightingale of India” for her tenacity and commitment to the cause of women’s rights.

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Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, on February 13, 1879. Aghori Nath Chattopadhyay, her father, was a Science engineer from Edinburgh University. She showed signs of exceptional talent since she was a young child. She earned the title of “Nightingale of India”. She cruised through her matriculation exams and later, she went to King’s College London and Girton College, the University of Cambridge to study. 

She was one of the few persons who married someone from outside the caste. Before independence, inter-caste weddings were uncommon, but Sarojini Naidu defied society and married Pandit Govind Rajulu Naidu at the age of 19. 

Mahatma Gandhi influenced her greatly, and she adopted many of his beliefs. She was the country’s first female governor after being elected governor of the federal provinces, which is now known as Uttar Pradesh. 

Sarojini Naidu is one of India’s most well-known poets, noted for the lyrical and musical style of her work, which involves multiple rhymes as well as rich imagery. As a result, she was titled “India’s Nightingale.” She was a highly reputed and respected statesman, a great writer , and a great value to India as a whole, which is why many authors, politicians , and social workers are still inspired by her political achievements. Without question, Naidu has gained respect not only in India but also beyond the country’s boundaries. Google India celebrated Naidu’s 135th birthday with a Google Doodle in 2014. In 2018, Naidu was named one of the “150 Leading Women” by the University of London in the United Kingdom. 

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Sarojini Naidu, a political leader, feminist, poet, and the first Indian woman to serve as president of the Indian National Congress and as governor of an Indian state, was born on February 13, 1879, in Hyderabad. She was titled “India’s Nightingale” at times.

Sarojini was the eldest daughter of Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, the principal of Nizam’s College in Hyderabad, a Bengali Brahman. She enrolled in the University of Madras at the age of 12 and went on to study at King’s College, London, and then Girton College, Cambridge, from 1895 to 1898.

She was driven to India’s Congress movement and Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement. She accompanied Gandhi to London for the Round Table Conference on Indian–British Cooperation’s inconclusive second session (1931). She accompanied Gandhi to London for the Round Table Conference on Indian–British Cooperation’s inconclusive second session. When World War II broke out, she backed the Congress Party’s views, first of defensiveness, then of outright hostility to the Allies. She was appointed governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) in 1947, a position she held until her death.

Sarojini Naidu was also a prolific writer. The Golden Threshold (1905) , her debut collection of poetry, was followed by The Bird of Time (1912) , and she was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1914.

She used to encourage children about social reforms and women’s empowerment, and as a result, many women over the world are now charged with fighting for India’s independence. These were some significant events in Nightingale’s Indian existence. She was a wonderful statesman, a great writer , and a great value to India as a whole, which is why many authors, politicians , and social workers are still inspired by her political achievements. Sarojini Naidu continues to be an inspiration to all women. She gave women power and set a precedent that is still followed today. 

Also Read: Essay on Bhagat Singh: The Immortal Martyr of the Indian Independence

Check Out Other Essays Here:

One of the well-known figures in the Indian liberation movement is Sarojini Naidu. He is renowned as a poet, civil rights advocate, etc.

Naidu is well-known for his poetry “Bazar of Hyderabad,” “The Golden Threshold,” “The Bird of Times,” and other works. She is the second woman to preside over a Kanpur Congress session in 1925.

Because of her exquisite writings, Sarojini Naidu is referred to as the Nightingale of India.  

Did you like the essay on Sarojini Naidu? Let us know in the comment section below! Check out Leverage Edu for more educational blogs and more exciting content around study notes, courses, universities, and more! For more such essays, check our category  essay writing .

Digvijay Singh

Having 2+ years of experience in educational content writing, withholding a Bachelor's in Physical Education and Sports Science and a strong interest in writing educational content for students enrolled in domestic and foreign study abroad programmes. I believe in offering a distinct viewpoint to the table, to help students deal with the complexities of both domestic and foreign educational systems. Through engaging storytelling and insightful analysis, I aim to inspire my readers to embark on their educational journeys, whether abroad or at home, and to make the most of every learning opportunity that comes their way.

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