phd und dr med

Dr. vs. PhD: Was ist der Unterschied?

Das Wichtigste auf einen Blick

• Während in Deutschland am Ende eines Promotionsstudiums der Doktortitel verliehen wird, ist es in englischsprachigen Ländern meistens der PhD.
• Beide Grade berechtigen zum Lehren an einer Universität und werden international anerkannt.
• Die Systeme der beiden Titel haben jedoch einige Unterschiede.

Dr. oder PhD?

Wenn Du Deinen Bachelor und Master bereits hinter Dir hast, die Universität aber nicht verlassen möchtest, bietet es sich an, in der Forschung und Entwicklung zu arbeiten . Dazu benötigst Du einen Promotionsplatz – und von denen gibt es immer mehr. Das ist die Reaktion auf die Nachfrage der wachsenden Zahl an Studenten in Deutschland. Wissenschaft und Forschung werden aber auch international immer wichtiger . So bietet sich Dir vielleicht sogar die Chance, die Promotion mit einem Auslandsaufenthalt zu verknüpfen.

Was bringt ein Dr. oder PhD?

Wer denkt, der Doktortitel sorgt nur für Anerkennung oder schmückt den eigenen Namen, liegt falsch. Ein Doktortitel öffnet nicht nur Türen in Medizinberufen oder im naturwissenschaftlichen Sektor. Auch Juristen und Wirtschaftswissenschaftler verdienen mit einem Titel spürbar mehr oder bekommen sogar erst dadurch Zugang zu höheren Positionen . Für Geisteswissenschaftler bedeutet der Titel leider kaum Zuwachs beim Gehalt, dafür kannst Du in einem Sektor forschen, der Dich interessiert, oder auch am Lehrstuhl arbeiten.

Begriffliche Unterscheidung

Während der klassische Grad des Doktors in Deutschland verbreitet ist, wird in englischsprachigen Ländern vor allem vom PhD , also vom Philosophical doctorate, gesprochen. Das leitet sich vom lateinischen philosophiae doctor ab, der aus der antiken Wissenschaftstradition kommt, heute aber nichts mehr mit dem Fach Philosophie zu tun hat . Stattdessen berechtigt der Titel zum selbstständigen und alleinverantwortlichen Lehren an einer Universität. Gleichzustellen ist der PhD im Englischsprachigen jedoch nicht mit einer Promotion in medizinischen Fächern. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen MD-PhD, der nur an Schools of Medicine verliehen wird. Der PhD hat meistens noch den Zusatz ‚in’, der angibt, in welchem Fach man den Titel erlangt hat.

Die wichtigsten Unterschiede

Dr. vs. PhD

4–6 Jahre (ausgenommen Mediziner)

Viel Eigenarbeit

Ausrichtung

Starke Bindung an Professor und Lehrstuhl

Angestrebtes Karriereziel

Strukturiert; Vorlesungen & Kurse gehören zum Programm

Betreuung und Austausch; Keine feste Bindung an einen Lehrstuhl oder einen Professor

Der Hauptunterschied zwischen Dr. und PhD ist also, dass man beim PhD nicht an einen bestimmten Lehrstuhl gebunden ist. Damit kannst Du beim PhD auch leichter den Betreuer wechseln. Beim Dr. ist das in der Regel schwer bis gar nicht möglich. Zusätzlich musst Du beim PhD im Schnitt eine größere Anzahl an Kursen belegen - also im Endeffekt mehr ECTS Credits sammeln. Der Umfang und die erwartete Qualität Deiner Doktorarbeit bzw. Deiner PhD-Thesis unterscheiden sich jedoch nicht voneinander. In jedem Fall ist sehr viel Eigenarbeit gefragt.

Achtung: Dr. nicht in PhD übersetzen

Auch wenn der deutsche Doktortitel im Ausland genauso anerkannt wird wie der PhD, solltest Du ihn auf gar keinen Fall übersetzen. Das ist sogar illegal . Grund dafür ist der Unterschied der beiden Systeme – vor allem die wissenschaftliche Forschung in PhD-Programmen ist intensiver als im Promotionsstudium.

Weitere Artikel

PhD oder Doktortitel - Was passt zu Dir?

Auch wenn der PhD im Ausland für Arbeiten auf Augenhöhe mit den Professoren steht, darfst Du das natürlich nicht verallgemeinern. Es kann sowohl im Ausland als auch an deutschen Universitäten große Unterschiede im Promotionsstudium geben. Falls Du die Wahl zwischen beiden Optionen hast, ist es wichtig, dass Du Dir Gedanken über Deine Zukunft machst. Dazu gehört zum Beispiel auch die Frage danach, wo Du später arbeiten möchtest. Du solltest Dich außerdem fragen, ob Du für diese Zeit ins Ausland gehen willst .

Falls Du das mit Nein beantwortest, der PhD aber trotzdem besser zu Dir passt, kannst Du nach geeigneten Programmen in Deutschland suchen, die es mittlerweile auch schon gibt.

Wo finde ich Doktorandenstellen?

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How can one differentiate between Dr. (PhD) and Dr. (MD or DO)?

Reading the question posted here left me with a more general question:

Given the professional title and name: Dr. (First Name)(Last Name), is there some way to differentiate between the holder of a philosophical doctorate and a medical doctor? Wouldn't it be more appropriate for a PhD holder to have the title (First Name)(Last Name), PhD?

14 Answers 14

You can't immediately tell from the title, but then titles are not typically used by an individual to broadcast their occupation - we don't have variants of "Mr" for plumbers, bank managers, or rock stars - despite their very different occupations. Rather, the title is to be used by others when addressing that individual, in order to signify a degree of respect, typically for a particular level of training, qualification and responsibility, or else for a particularly respected position in society. Even the term "mister" is a meaningful sign of respect that historically would not have been as widely applied as it is today - the ratchet of etiquette has gradually eliminated everything below it.

The actual title "Doctor" means "teacher" (from Latin "doceo", "I teach"). This title is more often more relevant to PhDs than MDs, so you probably have your suggested solution backwards. That said, the solution is really neither necessary nor appropriate. Much like "Master" (from Latin "magister", in this case "teacher"), "Doctor" signifies that an individual has not only gained enough competency to practice in a particular field, but has developed enough expertise to instruct others. An individual who is sufficiently qualified to practice but not teach would historically have been known as a "journeyman", roughly equivalent to "professional".

In short "doctor" refers not to a field of expertise, but rather to a level of expertise.

Incidentally, most UK surgeons drop their title of "Dr" and revert to "Mr" after joining the Royal College of Surgeons. I've heard through a friend of at least one surgeon who reacted quite angrily at being addressed as a mere "Dr", which in such circles, due to a collision between traditional titles and modern medical training, could be unkindly translated as "trainee".

• 2 I think the Mr should be spelled out after joining the Royal College of Surgeons ie. Mr.Smith -> Dr.Smith -> Mister Smith –  user288447 Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 16:34
• 7 @user288447, do you have reference? I can't find anything on that. –  DeveloperInDevelopment Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 16:46
• 2 Unfortunately not, it may just have been convention in one hospital that I was in several years ago. –  user288447 Commented Oct 30, 2014 at 10:31

You can't. That's why there are numerous jokes in English-speaking culture about whether someone addressed as "doctor" is a "real" doctor or not. Medical doctors are supposed to be the "real" ones in the jokes.

• 30 Regarding the jokes, I recently heard introducing a speaker (MD) in a conference "and then he became a real doctor when he did his PhD in...". –  Davidmh Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 12:25
• 8 Also: 'not that kind of doctor' –  Cape Code Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 12:53
• 18 According to peoplefinders.com/search/… , there are 2 people named "Doctor Smith" in the US. Do they have PhDs or MDs? I don't know. Their first name is Doctor. –  emory Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 13:46
• 16 @Emory: Following the example of Major Major , they should enroll in a university and see if a computer error will summarily grant them a doctorate. –  Nate Eldredge Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 14:53
• 6 Ironically, it is neither MD's, nor PhD's that are the true, original " Doctors ", but rather DD's. Though try convincing anyone of that today ... –  RBarryYoung Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 19:15

In the United States, in spoken address, both are called "doctor."

For personal correspondence, both are addressed as "Dr." as with an invitation addressed to "Dr. and Mrs. Smith." (Or maybe "Dr. and Mr. Smith." If they both hold doctorates, it is "Drs. Smith." For a couple with different family names, use "Dr. Smith and Mr. Brown.")

For professional correspondence, both are addressed by name and degree, as "James Smith, M.D." or "Bob Brown, Ph.D."

Since the distinction is only relevant in professional interactions, there really isn't any ambiguity.

If you are speaking to a medical doctor professionally, you will know it by the setting, and you still say "doctor." If you ask for medical advice at a cocktail party because someone was introduced as "doctor" you deserve anything you get! I've been known to say, "I'm a college teacher type doctor, not a take-off-your-clothes doctor." That usually sends the message and often gets a laugh.

• 2 I am not a medical doctor, but I often work in hospital settings interacting with both patients and medical doctors so the setting is not always informative. –  StrongBad Commented Oct 31, 2014 at 11:36
• 3 I know a microbiologist and a physicist who work in a hospital. Their degrees appear on their ID badges, as do those of medical doctors. –  Bob Brown Commented Oct 31, 2014 at 11:46
• This was edited by "Anonymous" to introduce irrelevant commentary about women taking husbands' names. The commentary on the edit also incorrectly stated that more women than men earn doctorates. In the United States, at least, that is incorrect. From the 2014 SED: "Overall, women earned 46% of all doctorates in 2014." –  Bob Brown Commented Nov 29, 2016 at 14:24

I have seen the difference in the written form of their name;

One is Name Family, PhD. and other one is Name Family MD.

The same applies to the people holding Engineering doctorates such as Name Family, EngD. or holding doctorate in business such as DBA. Also, in different countries there are usually different doctorate titles ( link ) awarded.

But all of these people are called doctors .

• 1 I've seen it for dentists too. Name Family D.D.S –  jonescb Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 16:53
• @jonescb just look at the link provided in the answer, you can see more than twenty doctorate titles for different countries and different majors... –  enthu Commented Oct 29, 2014 at 16:56

A medical practitioner usually holds a MBBS or MD degree or similar and - at a reasonable level of proficiency - membership of a professional body such as the AMA ( American Medical Association) or the RCP ( Royal College of Physicians) or whatever applies in their part of the world.

A holder of an academic doctorate ( PhD, DrPh, EngD etc) has researched a topic or problem within their specific subject in sufficient depth to have generated fresh insights or made a breakthrough or contributed significant new knowledge to the existing corpus.

Both have earned the right to be addressed as 'Dr'.

However, it would appear to me that one or two posters have been watching a few too many episodes of 'The Big Bang Theory' as I think the need to differentiate between the two very rarely applies except in a medical emergency.

• 1 In hospital settings where patients may be interacting with both medical doctors and academics, there is a need to differentiate. –  StrongBad Commented Oct 31, 2014 at 11:37

While both have the title of "doctor," that is identifying the fact that they both have the same education level, a doctorate.

The meaningful difference here is occupation : one might be a professor, the other a physician.

To differentiate between the two you can use the actual doctorate type or the job title:

• My professor is Dr. Jones. (or) Dr. Jones teaches my class.
• My physician is Dr. Smith.
• Indiana Jones, Ph.D.
• Joe Smith, M.D.

Of course a physician could also be a professor (who teaches in medical school?), or an M.D. might be a researcher who does not treat patients as their primary means of income (i.e. they only deal with patients during the course of medical studies). I do not think you can do much about those cases.

In Germany, it is common to denote the subject area the doctor was obtained in, such as Dr. med. for medical doctors, Dr.-Ing. for engineers, or Dr.-rer-nat. (rerum naturalium) for sciences like chemistry.

The usual practical solution is "ask them."

Doctor means you have a doctorate. Simple as that, a medic can have a doctorate in medicine and thus be a doctor, but if you do not have the degree then you are not a doctor, you can be a surgeon or a licensee of medicine but you are just referred to as doctor out of colloquial use of the title based on historical rots and customs.

There is no difference in spoken address ('Doctor'), but one is a Ph.D. and the other is an M.D.

You can tell from the context, but without the context, you can't. If the context is obviously far removed from anything clinical, such as "Dr. xyz has written a book on archaeology of early Los Angeles", then it's obviously the PhD sense. If it's a clinical setting, including emergencies and simply asking for health advice, basically when someone's health is at stake, then it's obviously the MD sense.

Things can get more ambiguous in biomedical research, because I personally know some MDs (without PhD) doing research instead of practicing medicine, including some molecular biology professors. When a research paper that uses clinical samples says something like, "Samples were obtained after resection from Dr. xyz", then it really can be either MD or PhD or both. Some people in our field have both.

Anyway, I don't make too big a deal out of it because we in California are typically on first name basis outside the clinical setting (this includes medical doctors). When we PhDs and candidates (at least in CA) say "doctor", we also usually mean medical doctors, like in, "Our postdoc health insurance is so bad that I'm terrified of seeing a doctor", where "doctor" obviously doesn't refer to ourselves. Some states, including California, have laws forbidding anyone who is not a medical doctor to advertise themselves as Dr. something in order not to confuse patients.

The confusing aspect is that doctor connotes medical treatment to most people, not a doctoral degree. Anyone smart enough to have a PhD knows the difference. I would not want a PhD doing my surgery, nor an MD teaching me philosophy.

It's not an easy question to answer. Ph.D's who are professors are just called "professor," and research assistants with a Ph.D are called "doctor" by secretaries and students. Titles are never mentioned in academic papers.

It's different with doctors: Patients and nurses call them "doctor;" if they are also professors, which they often are, the are called "professor" since professors have a higher status than mere M.D.s, and when they write papers in medical journals they put M.D. after their names. When practitioners without an M.D. refer to themselves as "doctor" they are just called "frauds."

Things are much more interesting in Germany. I was treated there by a woman doctor in a University Hospital who was also a professor of medicine. Her title was Frau Dr. Med, Dr. Professor Mueller. Some Professors have three degrees, meaning that are called Herr (or Frau) Dr. Dr. Dr. Professor.

• I have never heard medical school Professors introduce themselves to patients as Professor. In the UK holders of a Bachelors in Medical Science (BMedSci) call themselves doctor and it is not fraud. –  StrongBad Commented Oct 31, 2014 at 11:41
• Titles are never mentioned in academic papers — ...in some disciplines. In others, they are mentioned quite prominently. –  JeffE Commented Apr 25, 2015 at 3:43

In French (maybe other latin countries too), but I don't know about English, you can make a small difference by adding ès : Albert Einstein, Docteur ès Physique.

Then twice in a row you have specified that he was a scientific doctor (not a medical one) and his field of research.

• 2 Hi Rucikir, welcome to Academia.SE. Your answer does not really answer the question. Basically you are explaining how to say Albert Einstein, PhD in French, which is not what the OP is asking. –  earthling Commented Oct 30, 2014 at 10:47
• Well, I just didn't know if it could be used in English, apparently not, so it was irrelevant. Thanks for pointing it out. Sorry. But I'm not the only one to have done that, other answer about the German way. –  Antonin Décimo Commented Oct 31, 2014 at 23:53

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• PhD vs MD – Differences explained
• Types of Doctorates

A MD is a Doctor of Medicine, whilst a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy. A MD program focuses on the application of medicine to diagnose and treat patients. A PhD program research focuses on research (in any field) to expand knowledge.

Introduction

This article will outline the key differences between a MD and a PhD. If you are unsure of which degree is suitable for you, then read on to find out the focuses and typical career paths of both. Please note this article has been written for the perspective of a US audience.

What is a MD?

MD (also seen stylized as M.D and M.D.) comes from the Latin term Medicīnae Doctor and denotes a Doctor of Medicine.

MDs practice allopathic medicine (they use modern medicine to treat symptoms and diseases). A common example would be your physician, though there are numerous types of medical doctors, with different areas of speciality and as such may be referred to differently.

What is a PhD?

A PhD (sometimes seen stylized as Ph.D.) comes from the Latin term Philosophiae Doctor and denotes a Doctor of Philosophy.

A PhD can be awarded for carrying out original research in any field, not just medicine. In comparison to an MD, a PhD in a Medicinal field is focused on finding out new knowledge, as opposed to applying current knowledge.

A PhD in Medicine therefore does not require you to attend medical school or complete a residency program. Instead, you are required to produce a thesis (which summarizes your research findings) and defend your work in an oral examination.

What is the difference between a MD and a PhD?

Both are Doctoral Degrees, and someone with either degree can be referred to as a doctor. But for clarity, MDs are awarded to those with expertise in practicing medicine and are therefore more likely to be found in clinical environments. PhDs are awarded to researchers, and are therefore more likely to be found in academic environments.

This does not mean that MDs cannot pursue a research career, nor does it mean that a PhD cannot pursue clinical practice. It does mean, however, that PhDs are more suited to those who would wish to pursue a career in research, and that MDs are more suited to those who prefer the clinical aspects of medicine or aspire to become a practicing physician.

It should also be noted that a medical PhD doctorates possess transferable skills which make them desirable to various employers. Their familiarity with the scientific method and research experience makes them well suited to industry work beyond medical research.

Program structure and time

The standard MD program structure sees students undertake 2 years of coursework and classroom-based learning, before undertaking 2 years of rotational work in a clinical environment (such as a hospital). Getting an MD requires attending a medical school (accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education) and completing a residency program. Both of which prepare students to diagnose patients and practice clinical medicine.

The standard PhD program lasts 5 to 7 years and sees students undertake original research (monitored by a supervisor). Getting a PhD requires the contribution of novel findings, which leads to the advancement of knowledge within your field of research. With the exception of some clinical PhDs, a PhD alone is not enough to be able to prescribe medicine.

PhD doctorates are required to summarize the purpose, methodology, findings and significance of their research in a thesis. The final step is the ‘ Viva Voce ’ where the student must defend their thesis to a panel of examiners.

To summarize, a MD program usually lasts 4 years, whilst a PhD program lasts 5 to 7 years. Before being licensed to practice medicine, however, you must first complete a residency program which can last between 3 to 7 years.

What is a MD/PhD?

A MD/PhD is a dual doctoral degree. The program alternates between clinical focused learning and research focused work. This is ideal for those who are interested in both aspects of medicine. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, an estimated 600 students matriculate into MD-PhD programs each year .

The typical length of a MD/PhD program is 7 to 8 years, almost twice the length of a MD alone. As with a MD, MD/PhDs are still required to attend medical school and must complete a residency program before being able to practice medicine.

In comparison to PhD and MD programs, MD/PhD positions in the United States are scarce and consequently more competitive. The tuition fees for MD/PhD positions are typically much lower than MD and PhD positions are sometimes waived completely.

Those who possess a MD/PhD are commonly referred to as medical scientists. The ability to combine their medical knowledge with research skills enables MD/PhDs to work in a wide range of positions from academia to industrial research.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

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Ph.D. & Dr. rer. nat. - Different names for a doctoral degree

Written by Karla 22.06.2021

Previously, we wrote about being a researcher in Germany. Here, we will discuss doctoral degrees and some country-dependent differences.

Internationally, a doctoral degree can be awarded in any field of science. Depending on each doctoral program and the country where it is taking place, the time and requirements to graduate vary. In the majority of cases, a degree is awarded after delivering a written thesis summarizing the research and defending it in front of a panel of experts in the specific field or a committee involved in the research study from start until completion. If you are interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in natural sciences in Germany, you should know that German institutions may award either the title of Ph.D. or Dr. rer. nat. If you are new to the German system of higher education, you may wonder about the difference between Ph.D. and Dr. rer. nat. Here we’re gonna break it down for you.

What is a Ph.D.? The Doctor of Philosophy , better known for its abbreviation Ph.D., is a degree of postgraduate education awarded for an original research study where individuals have contributed to the understanding of a field. According to the author Keith Allan Noble, the first doctoral degree was conferred in Paris around the year 1150 (Noble, 1994). In the following centuries, the Ph.D. degree gained popularity and shaped into the highest academic degree worldwide.

Why Germany uses the Dr. rer. nat. title? In Germany, the doctoral degree is awarded after one completes the process known as “Promotion”, which ends with presenting the thesis dissertation to a committee. Rather than universally receiving the Ph.D. title, latin suffixes are used to specify the field of the doctoral degree awarded in Germany (Academic positions, 2018). This is why after completing a doctoral programme in natural sciences in Germany, the degree obtained is Dr. rer. nat. from the latin Doctor rerum naturalium , or doctor of natural sciences.

Here are some examples of different discipline-specific doctoral degrees that can be obtained at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich, depending of the field of study (LMU München, 2021): Dr. rer. nat. (natural sciences) Dr. phil. nat. (humanities and natural sciences) Dr. med. (human medicine) Dr. med. dent. (dental medicine) Dr. rer. biol. hum. (human biology)

Ph.D. or Dr. rer. nat. - Is there a difference? Ph.D. and Dr. rer. nat. are both recognized as doctoral degrees. As an example of this parallelism, the Max-Planck institute states that the Dr. rer. nat. degree awarded by the Faculty of Science at the University of Tübingen is the german equivalent to a Ph.D. (Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 2021)

Some Universities give you the opportunity to choose between obtaining a Ph.D. or a Dr. rer. nat. title, which can arguably be confusing to foreigners pursuing a Ph.D. in Germany. Examples of those universities are the Freie Universität Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin, 2021) and the University of Ulm (Universität Ulm, 2020). This reinforces that a Dr. rer. nat. degree is equivalent to a Ph.D.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that you should be careful about what you call yourself in official documents in Germany. According to German regulations, if you have a Ph.D. title you are allowed to write your name as either “Name Surname, Ph.D.” or “Dr. Name Surname”. Conversely, if you have a Dr. rer. nat. title you can only use it like this or as “Dr. Name Surname”. Make sure to comply when writing any official documents! Written by Karla Azucena Juárez Núñez; Edited by Gabrielle Sant. Image: NGC/Design.

LMU München. 2021. Doctoral degrees. Retrieved from this link .

Freie Universität Berlin. 2021. Dr. rer. nat. or Ph.D.?. Retrieved from this link .

Academic positions. 2018. German Academic Job Titles Explained. Retrieved from this link .

Universität Ulm. 2020. Infos zur Promotion. Retrieved from this link .

Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology. 2021. PhD Degree/ Dr. rer. nat. Retrieved from this link .

Noble, Keith Allan. 1994. Changing Doctoral Degrees: An International Perspective. Taylor and Francis, 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007-1598.

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Doktortitel / Doktorgrad Dr. rer. nat., Dr. phil, Ph.D.: Welche Doktortitel gibt es?

Dr. ist nicht gleich Dr. – wo liegen die Unterschiede? © andresr / iStock.com

Von Dr. med. bis Dr. rer. pol: Wofür stehen die Abkürzungen, und wodurch unterschieden sich die akademischen Grade? Die wichtigsten Doktortitel im Überblick.

Aktualisiert: 10.05.2024

Von: Tanja Viebrock

Artikelinhalt

Doktor – wer darf den Titel tragen?

Ob Dr. med, Dr. iur oder Dr. rer. pol: Der Doktortitel ist ein akademischer Grad, der belegt, dass sein:e Träger:in einen relevanten Beitrag zur Wissenschaft geleistet hat. Voraussetzung ist eine erfolgreiche Promotion . Dies ist theoretisch in jeder wissenschaftlichen Disziplin und Fachrichtung möglich. Dementsprechend breit ist auch das Angebot an Doktorgraden, die von deutschen Universitäten verliehen werden. Immer häufiger ist darunter auch der dem Dr. vergleichbare Ph.D. – der international, vor allem in den angelsächsischen Ländern gebräuchlichste Titel.

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Übersicht der wichtigsten Doktorgrade

Früher waren Doktortitel eine relativ eindeutige Angelegenheit: Promovierte Mediziner:innen werden Dr. med. genannt, Jurist:innen Dr. jur. oder Dr. iur. Wer seine Doktorarbeit in einem naturwissenschaftlichen Fach verfasst hat, trägt den Titel Dr. rer. nat. und promovierte Geisteswissenschaftler:innen sind Dr. phil.

So übersichtlich ist es längst nicht mehr. An den Dr. können heute etliche Kürzel angehängt werden, von Dr. agr. ( agriculturae = Agrarwissenschaft) bis Dr. troph. ( trophologiae = Ernährungswissenschaft). 

Verbreitete Hauptgrade unter den Doktortiteln

Jobs: Promotionsstellen

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Dr. h. c., Dr. mult., Dr. des.: Weitere Doktortitel

Nicht immer sagt der Doktorgrad etwas über die fachliche Ausrichtung des:der Promovierten aus. Es gibt sogar Titel, für die es gar keine Dissertation braucht: der Ehrendoktor.

Doktortitel ohne fachlichen Bezug

Dr. oder Ph.D.?

An zunehmend mehr Hochschulen wird statt dem althergebrachten Doktortitel auch der Titel Ph.D. (alternative Schreibweise: PhD) vergeben. Der international gebräuchliche höchste akademische Grad steht für Philosophical Doctorate , und ist prinzipiell mit dem deutschen Doktorgrad gleichzusetzen.

Die Dauer des Promotionsstudiums unterscheidet sich kaum. Ein Ph.D.-Studium ist allerdings grundsätzlich ein Forschungsdoktorat , was für deutschen Doktortitel keine zwingende Voraussetzung ist. Gemeinhin gilt der Ph.D. als verschulter als klassische Promotionsstudiengänge. Während das klassische deutsche Promotionsstudium in der Regel eng an den Doktorvater oder die Doktormutter und den jeweiligen Lehrstuhl gebunden ist, hat der Ph.D. meist einen stärkeren Projektbezug. Ph.D.-Student:innen arbeiten meist mit mehreren Professor:innen an einem Projekt.

Pauschal lässt sich also nicht sagen, dass ein Titel besser oder höherwertiger ist als der andere. Es handelt sich vielmehr um einen Unterschied in der Ausgestaltung des Weges zum Titel. Wer eine internationale Karriere anstrebt, ist möglicherweise mit dem Ph.D. besser beraten. Allerdings genießt auch der deutsche Doktortitel im Ausland grundsätzlich ein hohes Ansehen. Zudem existieren zahlreiche Äquivalenzabkommen zur gegenseitigen Anerkennung von Doktorgraden .

Doktortitel in der Medizin: Dr. rer. medic. vs. Dr. med.

Selbst unter Mediziner:innen ist die Sache nicht immer eindeutig. Denn neben dem Dr. med. gibt es auch noch den Dr. rer. med. oder medic., den Dr. sc. hum. und den Dr. nat. med., um nur einige zu nennen. Dahinter verbergen sich unter anderem Doktoren der naturwissenschaftlichen Medizin, der Medizinwissenschaften, der theoretischen Medizin, der Medizintechnologie, der Biomedizin .

Sie alle haben zwar über ein medizinisch relevantes Thema promoviert , aber kein medizinisches Studium und kein Physikum absolviert. Dementsprechend dürfen sie auch keine Patient:innen behandeln. Häufig stammen die Theoretiker:innen unter den Mediziner:innen aus naturwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen wie Chemie, Biologie oder Physik. Aber auch Absolvent:innen aus Bereichen wie Psychologie, Statistik oder Jura können nach erfolgreicher Promotion über ein für die Medizin relevantes Thema den Titel eines Doktors der theoretischen Medizin tragen.

Promotionsquoten nach Fächern

Klassiker unter den Doktortiteln ist der Dr. med., der Doktorgrad der Medizin. Nach wie vor werden die meisten Doktortitel in diesem Fachbereich erworben. Mehr als ein Viertel aller Dissertationen – rund 52.000 von insgesamt 200.307, 26 Prozent – wurde laut Statista im Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich Humanmedizin/Gesundheitswissenschaften geschrieben . Knapp dahinter: Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften mit 23,7 Prozent Anteil. Knapp ein Fünftel (18 Prozent) der Promovend:innen beschäftigen sich mit Ingenieurwissenschaften, gefolgt von den Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften mit 17 Prozent.

Setzt man dieZahl der Promotionen in Relation zu den Masterabsolvent:innen eines Fachs, zeigt sich allerdings, dass Doktortitel unter Mediziner:innen nicht so verbreitet sind wie vielfach angenommen. Es sind vor allem Naturwissenschaftler:innen, die in Deutschland promovieren, allen voran Chemiker:innen. Unter ihnen scheint der Doktorgrad mehr oder weniger zum guten Ton zu gehören: Die Promotionsquote in der Chemie lag in Jahren 2019 bis 2021 bei 85 Prozent . Zu diesem Schluss kommt eine Auswertung des Centrums für Hochschulentwicklung (CHE) auf Basis von Statista-Daten.

Eine hohe Poromotionsquote hatten in diesem Zeitraum demnach auch die Biologie (74 Prozent) . An dritter Stelle folgt die (Allgemein-)Medizin mit 69 Prozent . und die Physik (64 Prozent). Zum Vergleich: Unter den Juriste:innen – neben Mediziner:innen oft als typische Träger eines Doktortitels wahrgenommen – liegt die Promotionsquote nur bei 12 Prozent. Dass der Dr. jur. so verbreitet erscheint, dürfte in erster Linie an der insgesamt sehr hohen Zahl an Jura-Absolvent:innen liegen.

Promotionsquoten 2019 bis 2021 nach Fachbereich *)

*) Hinweis des CHE: Bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse ist zu berücksichtigen, dass es auch Promotionen von Personen mit im Ausland erworbenem Hochschulabschluss gibt und dass auch fachfremd promoviert werden kann (z.B. Mediziner:innen, die einen Dr. rer. nat. erwerben). Außerdem hätte eine (hier nicht erfolgte) Berücksichtigung der Masterabschlüsse an Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften in den entsprechenden Fächern (z.B. Ingenieurwissenschaften, BWL) zu noch niedrigeren Promotionsquoten geführt.

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Der Doktorgrad: Wer darf oder muss den Titel führen?

Ab wann und unter welchen Voraussetzungen dürfen Promovierte sich „Doktor“ nennen – und gibt es eine Pflicht, den Titel zu führen?

Promotionen in Deutschland: Statistik

Ein Doktortitel ist etwas Besonderes. Oder? Wie viele Deutsche sind eigentlich promoviert? In welchen Fachbereichen, und wie sieht die Geschlechterverteilung aus?

Promotion - ja oder nein?

Für eine Hochschulkarriere ist sie Voraussetzung: die Promotion. Doch was, wenn ein anderer Weg eingeschlagen wird? Kann der Doktortitel dann auch schaden? In welchen Fachbereichen es sich zu promovieren lohnt und wann auf den Doktortitel verzichtet werden kann.

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Dr.med/MD-PhD degrees

Doctoral Office

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V03 M-3-323

The next meetings of the Doctorate Committee

Chair:  Prof. Dr. Ivan Milenkovic

Meetings from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.

All applications must be submitted to the Doctoral Office of School VI at least twelve days before the meeting as a hard copy and a digital version consisting of a single PDF file. Incomplete applications cannot be considered. The execution of the resolution after the meeting lasts one week .

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The School of Medicine and Health Sciences awards the Doctor of Medicine (Dr. med.) and Medical Doctor - Doctor of Philosophy (MD-Ph.D.) degrees for in-depth, independent scientific achievements in the field of medical sciences in accordance with the Doctoral Degree Regulations dated 12 October 2021 and the First Amendment dated 21 March 2022.

If you have any questions regarding the procedure or the submission of application documents, etc., please contact the Doctoral Office of School VI Medicine and Health Sciences.

What are the required assignments?

The following assignments must be completed: - a written doctoral thesis (dissertation), - an oral examination (disputation), - successful participation in the accompanying curriculum (Dr. med.)    or in the structured doctoral program (MD-Ph.D.), - publication of the dissertation

Supervision, supervision committee, supervision agreement, logbook

The doctoral regulations regulate in § 7 para. 1 which persons can act as a supervisor. The supervisor accompanies the doctoral research and supports the doctoral procedure by a votum informativum. In addition, a doctoral committee is usually appointed, for which the doctoral candidate can submit suggestions.

A supervision agreement regulates the relationship between the doctoral candidate and the supervisor, as well as with the supervision committee, and regulates further aspects of the implementation and supervision of the doctoral project.

-  Form Supervision Agreement Dr. med.

-  Form Supervision Agreement MD-Ph.D. 

During the doctoral studies, a logbook documenting various milestones of your doctoral project must be kept and submitted with the submission of the dissertation.

• Logbook form [in preparation; please contact the doctoral office for the time being].

In case of questions, problems or difficulties in connection with the doctorate, there is always the possibility to contact the doctoral committee or the ombudsperson responsible for the School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Of course, the confidential treatment of the request or query is warranted.

Acceptance as a doctoral candidate, admission to doctoral studies and enrollment

Prior to the start of the doctoral project, the first step is the acceptance as a doctoral candidate in accordance with § 7 of the doctoral regulations by concluding the supervision agreement, which must be countersigned by the chairman of the doctoral committee.

In accordance with § 8a of the doctoral regulations, the admission to the doctoral program generally takes place at the same time. Under certain conditions (see Appendix 1 of the Doctoral Regulations "Procedural Regulations Dr. med."), the acceptance as a Dr.med. doctoral candidate can already take place before the completion of the Medicine degree programme, with the passing of the medical examination. In any case, the application for admission to the doctoral program as a doctoral candidate is made no later than one year after acceptance.

Please use the forms below:

• Form "Acceptance as a doctoral candidate"
• Form "Application for admission as a doctoral candidate"

Applications for acceptance as a doctoral candidate or for the admission to doctoral studies are to be addressed to the Doctoral Committee Dr.med./MD-Ph.D..

The Doctoral Committee Dr. med./MD-Ph.D. decides on the admission to the doctoral program as well as in all other procedural matters in its meetings.

All applications must be submitted in writing to the doctoral committee. The necessary documents must be submitted in their entirety, both in paper and electronic form, to the Doctoral Office no later than twelve days before the meeting of the doctoral committee.

Since an ethics vote is required for most medical doctoral projects, you should contact the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Oldenburg before starting the research. For these inquiries, please use the form for the assessment of the duty of consultation by the ethics committee.

Form for the assessment of the duty to consult

After admission, doctoral students should enroll as doctoral students at the earliest possible date. Further information can be found on the homepage of the  Admissions Office .

Participation in the accompanying curriculum (Dr. med.) or in the structured doctoral programme (MD-Ph.D.)

Within the framework of the doctorate for the degree Dr. med., successful participation in the accompanying curriculum for the acquisition of scientific skills amounting to a total of 6 credit points (KP) is required. Through this accompanying curriculum, doctoral students acquire subject and methodological skills, as well as practical skills, which should enable them to successfully complete their doctorate and enter a science-based occupation. For further information on the accompanying curriculum, please refer to Annex 1 of the doctoral regulations and the following information sheet:

•   Informations accompanying curriculum 6 credit points

Please use the following routing slip as proof of successful participation in the accompanying curriculum:

•    Routing sheet

The proof of participation in the accompanying curriculum will be submitted together with the application documents when the doctoral procedure is initiated (see § 10 para. 2 PromO). The doctoral committee decides on the recognition of the achievements.

Twice a year, during the May and November meetings, you have the opportunity to submit your course planning in advance to the doctoral committee for review. MD-Ph.D.

Within the framework of the doctorate for the degree MD-Ph.D., successful participation in the structured doctoral programme "Medicine and Health Sciences" at the Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Medicine and Technology, which amounts to 30 CP is required, among other things. Further information on the contents, registration modalities, etc. can be found on the  OLTECH homepage. OLTECH decides on the recognition of the work performed in consultation with the coordination of the doctoral programme. More information can be found on the OLTECH homepage.

Contact persons for questions regarding the content of the structured doctoral program "Medicine and Health Sciences" are

Nina Löchte

Karine von Bochmann

Writing a dissertation

The dissertation should be written in German or in English. Dissertations in German must also include an English abstract and dissertations in English, a German abstract. The guidelines of good academic practice of the University of Oldenburg always apply to the writing of the dissertation.

The dissertation can be written in monographic form or can be publication-based. Details are regulated in § 9 of the doctoral regulations.

When being submitted, the dissertation must include the title page from Appendix 3 of the doctoral regulations.  

Further instructions for writing the dissertation:

• Recommendations for writing the dissertation/Guidelines for the Dissertation
• Recommendations for citations  (collection of examples according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors)

Submission of the dissertation and request for initiation

The submission of the dissertation and the submission of an application to initiate the doctoral procedure is generally possible at the earliest one year and at the latest five years after admission. At the request of the doctoral candidate, these deadlines may be changed by the Doctoral Committee by a reasonable period of time. If the application to initiate the doctoral procedure is not submitted within the deadline, admission is deemed to have been withdrawn (Section 10 (1) of the Doctoral Degree Regulations).

After completion of the dissertation, the doctoral candidate submits the application to initiate the doctoral procedure in accordance with § 10 of the Doctoral Degree Regulations.

• Antrag auf Einleitung eines Promotionsverfahrens / Application for opening of a doctoral procedure

Further documents to be submitted are (see §10, para. 2 of the Doctoral Degree Regulations)

• a declaration in lieu of an oath that the applicant has "completed the dissertation independently and without any unauthorized help from third parties, i.e. without using any aids other than those specified and has identified the ideas taken directly or indirectly from external sources as such" (as part of the dissertation, see § 10, para. 2b)
• a declaration that the content of the dissertation has not already been used predominantly for a Bachelor's, Master's, diploma or similar examination (as part of the dissertation, see § 10 para. 2c)
• proof of the successful proof of successful participation in the accompanying curriculum (Dr. med.) or successful completion of the structured doctoral program (MD-Ph.D.; see § 10 para. 2d)
• proof that a logbook has been kept (see § 10 para. 2e)
• if applicable, an updated curriculum vitae in German with information on the educational background, supplemented by a list of any scientific publications (see § 10 para. 2f)
• a declaration as to whether clinical trials on humans, epidemiological studies with personal data or studies on human material with personal reference (ethics committee), experiments with genetically modified organisms (Genetic Engineering Act) or experiments on vertebrates (laboratory animal approval) have been carried out. If not already granted at the time of admission, a copy of the approval from the competent authority must be submitted to the doctoral committee in the relevant case (see § 10 para. 2g)
• if applicable, name proposals for a reviewer in accordance with § 6 (see § 10 para. 2h, e.g. possible via form Application for the initiation of a doctoral procedure) a declaration that the regulations on good scientific practice at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg have been followed (see Section 10 (2i); see also form Application to initiate a doctoral procedure, point 4)
• if necessary, proof of enrolment as a doctoral student in accordance with § 8a para. 6 (see § 10 para. 2j) a declaration that no mediation or counseling services (doctoral counseling) have been used in connection with the doctoral project (see § 10 para. 2k; see also form Application for the initiation of a doctoral procedure, point 5)
• in the case of a joint doctoral procedure or a bi-national doctorate pursuant to § 3 para. 2, confirmation from the cooperation partner that the doctoral project will be carried out (see § 10 para. 2l).

The application to initiate the doctoral procedure must be submitted in writing to the Doctoral Committee. The necessary documents must be submitted in full to the Doctoral Office in both paper and electronic form no later than twelve days before the meeting of the Doctoral Committee.

Assessment and consultation of the dissertation

The doctoral committee opens the doctoral procedure by appointing two reviewers to assess the dissertation. As a rule, the assessors belong to different disciplines and together cover the breadth of the dissertation. Further details on the assessors are regulated in § 6 of the doctoral regulations.

Thesis defence

After the expiration of the deadline and upon acceptance of the dissertation, the thesis defence takes place. The doctoral committee appoints an examination board to conduct the defence. Further information on the composition of the examination board is contained in § 5 of the doctoral regulations.

In due time, the doctoral candidate is informed by the Doctoral Office about the determined composition of the examination board and independently take over the organization of the thesis defence, i.e. the scheduling in coordination with the examiners as well as the reservation of a room. As soon as time and place are fixed, the Doctoral Office must be informed.

If the doctoral candidate and the members of the examination board schedule the time of the defence while the dissertation and the assessments are made available for consultation, it is recommended to ensure that there is an appropriate time gap between the expected end of the consultation time and the planned date of the disputation.

Evaluation of the doctoral performance, completion of the doctorate

Following the defence, the doctoral committee determines how the doctoral performance of the doctoral candidate is to be evaluated overall (see § 13 of the doctoral regulations).

The doctorate is concluded with the publication of the dissertation according to § 14 of the doctoral regulations.

Publication of the dissertation

Within one year after the thesis defence, the doctoral candidate must make the dissertation available to the scientific public in an appropriate manner. The publication takes place via the  Library and Information system of the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg . Further details on publication are regulated by § 14 of the doctoral regulations. For the printed copies, the title page according to the sample in Appendix 3 of the doctoral regulations is to be used.

Completion of the doctorate

The doctorate is completed with the award of the doctoral certificate and the doctoral candidate is entitled to use the degree of doctor (see § 15 of the doctoral regulations).

Transitional provisions for doctoral students already accepted before 12 October 2021

Pursuant to § 23 of the doctoral regulations, doctoral candidates who, at the time this new version of the doctoral regulations (13.10.2021) came into effect, had already been accepted as doctoral candidate in accordance with §1 para. 6 of the previous doctoral regulations of School VI Medicine and Health Sciences of the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg for the award of the degrees "Doktor der Medizin (Dr. med.)" and "Medical Doctor - Doctor of Philosophy (MD-Ph.D.)" (version of 08.03.2014) with the doctoral committee and had received a confirmation of the doctoral committee, and who apply for the admission to the doctoral procedure according to § 10 within five years after the entry into force of these regulations (cut-off date 13.10.2026) or who have already applied before the regulations came into effect can apply for the previously valid doctoral regulations of the School VI Medicine and Health Sciences of the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg for the award of the degrees "Doctor of Medicine (Dr. med.)" and "Medical Doctor - Doctor of Philosophy (MD-Ph. D.)" in the version of 08.03.2014 ( Amtliche Mitteilungen / 33. Jahrgang - 1/2014, pp. 135-146 ) to be applied.

Doctoral students affected by these transitional regulations can download the form for admission according to the doctoral regulations in the version of 08.03.20214  here.

• Research and Teaching
• Wissenschaftliche Graduierung
• PhD, MD/PhD and DMD/PhD

Earning the doctorate degree PhD, MD/PhD or DMD/PhD

With the introduction of the PhD, MD/PhD and DMD/PhD programmes, University Medicine Greifswald offers high-achieving graduates of medicine, dentistry, and natural and life sciences the opportunity to conduct a structured doctorate with a focus on research, and thus excellent prospects for their further professional career and the continuation of an academic career, especially in an international context. 

The most important information at a glance:

• The basis of the doctorate is the publication of your own research results in at least 3 original scientific publications (cumulative thesis)
• The period between requesting admission to the doctoral procedure and the submission of the thesis is usually 3 years
• Completion of an accompanying curriculum amounting to 24 ECTS (courses, participation in congresses, continuing education)
• Supervision of the research work by a thesis committee and conclusion of a supervision agreement

Doctoral Board PhD, MD/PhD, DMD/PhD Chair: Prof. Elke Krüger

Upcoming dates:

• August: Summer break
• 17 September 2024
• 8 October 2024
• 19 November 2024
• 10 December 2024
• 21 January 2025

The doctoral board usually meets on the 3rd Tuesday of the month.

Documents and applications are to be handed in 14 days in advance

PLEASE NOTE: The accompanying curriculum has been re-structured and now comprises: a compulsory part which is attended by all doctoral students, an elective part with general and subject-specific options, as well as the possibility of crediting active congress participation (poster presentation or talk). More information can be found below. The structured curriculum is compulsory for all doctoral students admitted from April 2023.

Before admission

The following requirements apply for admission to the doctoral programmes:

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

• Master's degree or equivalent university degree in a natural or life science subject other than human medicine or dentistry (min. 300 credit points)
• Overall grade of "good" or better (better than 2.5)

Medical Doctor/Doctor of Philosophy (MD/PhD)

• Passed the medical examination (state examination)
• Overall grade of "good" or better

Doctor of Medical Dentistry/Doctor of Philosophy (DMD/PhD)

• Passed the dental examination (state examination)

Preliminary review of admission requirements

If you are unsure whether you meet the admission requirements for the PhD, MD/PhD or DMD/PhD programme (e.g. because you are planning to change from Dr. med. to MD/PhD and have already started your research work), there is the possibility of a non-binding preliminary review by the Doctoral Board. This does not formally constitute a request for admission according to § 4 of the Doctoral Regulations.

• Cover letter (approx. 1 page) in which you outline your research project and, if applicable, any work you have already done
• Curriculum vitae with information about your academic career
• Degree certificate(s) and transcript of records from the relevant degree course

The first step in preparing your doctorate is to find a supervisor in the desired subject area. The supervisor must be a habilitated member of University Medicine Greifswald, i.e. professor or associate professor (apl. Professor,   Privatdozent  (PD)). Co-opted professors from other faculties of Greifswald University can also supervise doctorates at UMG.

Your doctoral subject corresponds to the designation of the chair of your supervisor, or the chair your supervisor belongs to.

Your doctorate will later be supervised by an individual thesis committee , which is appointed by the doctoral board as part of the admission process. In addition to your supervisor, this committee includes two other members; also habilitated; one UMG-internal and one UMG-external person. This way, expertise from different areas that are relevant to your research project is combined. When you complete your doctorate, the thesis committee is responsible for conducting and grading the doctoral defense.

Degrees obtained abroad must be checked for equivalence to the above-mentioned admission requirements before you can be admitted to the doctoral programme. Please have your certificates and transcripts of records checked by the ZAB (Central Office for Foreign Education) .

Please note: The ZAB is not open to the public. It is not possible to hand in or collect documents on site. Information can only be obtained by e-mail and telephone.

Tel.:  +49 228 501-664 Mon, Tue, Thu 9:00-12:00 and 14:00-15:00, Fri 9:00-12:00

Address for items sent by post: Zentralstelle für ausländisches Bildungswesen Postfach 2240 53012 Bonn Deutschland

Address for shipments with a courier service: Zentralstelle für ausländisches Bildungswesen Graurheindorfer Straße 157 53117 Bonn Deutschland

Please submit the ZAB's evaluation along with your degree certificates, transcripts of records and further application documents (see Application for admission) to the Dean's office.

To apply for admission to the doctoral programme, you will prepare a detailed work plan (exposé) of your research project together with your supervisor, including the planned timeline. The exposé should consist of 3-4 pages and follow the prescribed structure (see below, Admission to the doctoral procedure ).

In addition, you and your supervisor will compile a list of the courses that you will attend during the qualification phase (for specifications, see Accompanying curriculum below). Apart from the compulsory part, you will select further courses that complement or deepen skills and knowledge relevant to your research project. Courses that you attended as part of your academic studies (e.g. Masters') cannot be credited or taken again. German courses cannot be credited either.

The curriculum is generally begun after admission to the doctoral programme. The crediting of courses that you have previously taken is possible in exceptional cases; max. 12 months retrospectively. The decision lies with the doctoral board. For examination, please fill out the form Request for recognition of lectures already completed and submit it with your application for admission.

To support the administration of doctoral procedures, an internal database is used at University Medicine Greifswald, the Research Information System (RIS, German: Forschungsinformationssystem / FIS ).

After entering and saving your data (address, degree, doctoral topic, etc.), you can generate the application form for admission to the doctoral procedure as well as the confirmation of acceptance as a doctoral student (required for enrolment at the University) by klicking the respective buttons at the top of the data sheet.

Admission to the doctoral procedure

• Request for Admission to the Doctoral Procedure PhD, MD/PhD or DMD/PhD (application form with handwritten signature; to be generated in the RIS )
• Curriculum vitae with information about your academic career (with handwritten signature)
• Certified copies of all university degree certificates (degrees obtained abroad must be checked in advance, see above, and submitted in the original language and as a certified translation in German or English); single copies of transcripts of records (with German or English translation if necessary)
• Agreement to supervise the doctoral procedure, including suggestions for thesis committee members (signed by the supervisor, see  Templates for admission to the doctoral procedure )
• Scientific work plan of 3-4 pages (see Templates for admission to the doctoral procedure )

Preliminary plan of accompanying curriculum, according to the requirements for compulsory and elective parts (co-ordinated with the supervisor, see Templates for admission to the doctoral procedure )

If applicable, request for recognition of a semester off completed for research purposes as part of the degree course (informal; proof of completion of the semester off must be provided)

• If applicable,  Request for recognition of lectures already completed
• Confirmation of Acceptance as Doctoral Candidate  for enrolement as a doctoral student (after admission to be handed in at the Students’ Registration Office, Rubenowstraße 2, see  Doctoral website University of Greifswald )

You will be informed in writing about the admission to the doctoral program or the rejection of your application.

Please sign the supervision agreement  (Betreuungsvereinbarung) with the members of your thesis committee within 6 weeks of admission and submit a copy (scan by e-mail) to the Dean's Office. The supervision agreement should ensure that you receive the best possible supervision during your qualification phase. Here, for example, you specify the frequency of meetings with the thesis committee and undertake to exchange information and comply with the principles of good scientific practice.

You should organise the first meeting with your thesis committee soon after admission in order to present your research exposé and the planned curriculum to all members.

Upon admission to the doctoral programme, you are required to register for doctoral studies at the University of Greifswald for the duration of your doctorate (Students’ Registration Office, Rubenowstr. 2). Please refer to the university's doctoral website  (ger) for documents to be submitted and contact details.

Please hand in the form Confirmation of Acceptance as Doctoral Candidate according to § 9 with your request for admission to the doctoral procedure. You will receive it back signed by the Dean, along with the confirmation of your admission.

Qualification phase (ca. 3 years)

The qualification phase usually lasts three years and begins with admission to the doctoral procedure. During the qualification phase, you will conduct the scientific research on which your dissertation thesis is based. You will first publish your research results in peer-reviewed journals before writing your dissertation on the basis of at least three original publications.

In addition, you will acquire a sound understanding of scientific problems, in-depth specialist knowledge and the ability to work in an interdisciplinary manner. On the one hand, you will do this in exchange with your colleagues, research group leaders, other doctoral researchers and your thesis committee. On the other hand, you will acquire specific knowledge and skills that will advance you and your research project within the framework of the accompanying curriculum.

Regulations on qualitative and quantitative requirements for publications (Appendix 3 to the PhD, MD/PhD, DMD/PhD Doctoral Regulations)

• In the three required original publications of the cumulative thesis, the doctoral candidate must have acted as first author at least once.  Among the three original publications, there may be in exceptional cases one paper that has been submitted for publication at the opening of the doctoral procedure but has not yet been finally accepted for publication.
• The journals to which the papers have been published or accepted for publication or submitted should be able to be assigned subject-specifically according to the criteria of a recognised bibliographic database such as Web of Science.
• The cover text  ("Manteltext") within the thesis should be at least 6,000 and at most 12,000 words long (approx. 20-40 pages) excluding the bibliography, and should be structured as follows: short Summary of one page both in German and English, Introduction, Methods and Materials, Results, Discussion. The cover text serves to link the publications in terms of content (embedding them in an overarching context) and to discuss issues that go beyond the topics dealt with in the publications. For example, methodological principles, calculations or evaluations can be described in more detail, and further results or problems that have arisen after the publications were published can be addressed.
• The doctoral candidate's share in the publications must be documented (when submitting the thesis) by a written declaration from the doctoral candidate and the supervisor to the doctoral board. In the case of publications in which the doctoral candidate is the first author, he/she must have played a predominant role in the planning of the scientific work, the data collection and/or analysis, the evaluation and the interpretation of the results. In the case of publications for which the doctoral candidate is co-author, he/she must have played a significant role in the planning of the scientific work, the data collection, the evaluation and the interpretation.
• If two persons share a first authorship , this can be counted as a full first authorship upon justified application by the thesis committee. The application is decided by the doctoral board and should be submitted before the thesis is submitted. In the case of three or more first authorships for one article, such a request is excluded.

The thesis committee monitors the progress of the doctorate and is later responsible for organising and grading the doctoral colloquium (see also information sheet for members of a thesis committee ).

You arrange regular meetings (possibly via video conference) with your thesis committee to report on the status of your doctorate (research, curriculum, publications), to clarify questions and any problems, and to receive important feedback. You have jointly agreed on the frequency of your meetings in the supervision agreement (usually 1-3 meetings per year) .

To prepare and record the meetings, please use the template for the

• Progress Report

Please note that the progress report is to be completed by you in advance and sent to the members of the thesis committee by e-mail two weeks before the meeting. The minutes of the meeting will be taken by your supervisor.

Please keep your data in the doctoral module of the RIS up to date until you have completed your doctorate (address/contact data, topic of the dissertation, ...).

After admission, you will also find an extension to your input mask, see screenshot. Here, please continuously enter the courses that you have attended as part of the curriculum (by klicking "new entry"). After submitting your transcripts to the Dean's Office, you will be shown the total ECTS you have earned.

Accompanying curriculum

The accompanying curriculum is divided into three parts: complusory courses (4 ECTS), elective courses with interdisciplinary and subject-specific components (min. 5 ECTS), and the possibility of crediting active congress participation (max. 15 ECTS). A total of at least 24 ECTS must be achieved (§ 5 Para. 4 PromO).

Note: The structured curriculum described here is mandatory for all admissions from April 2023. Doctoral candidates who were admitted before this date will complete an individual curriculum (as confirmed by the doctoral board with admission to the program).

Thesis Submission

The dissertation should summarise at least three original publications with related content that have been published in renowned journals (cumulative dissertation).

The reference to University Medicine Greifswald must be recognisable in all publications and the thesis must relate to a subject area according to Appendix 1 to the PhD doctoral regulations. For further information on requirements for the publications and first- or co-authorship, see Appendix 3.

A jacket text of 20-40 pages links the publications in terms of content and provides additional insights or outlooks into the topic. When preparing your dissertation, please refer to

• Notes on thesis structure and submission
• Templates (thesis submission)

You can request that the doctoral procedure be initiated after you have completed the accompanying curriculum (approximately 3 years after admission). Please send the following documents to the Dean’s Office:

• Request for Initiating the Doctoral Procedure (application form with handwritten signature; should be completed in RIS)
• 3 printed and bound copies of the thesis including the original publications
• Proof of lectures and congresses/training attended (see accompanying curriculum/qualification phase)
• Official certificate of good conduct (document type 0 = official) not older than 3 months when submitting the doctoral thesis to be addressed directly to: Dekanat, Fleischmannstraße 8, 17475 Greifswald
• If applicable, declaration of shares in publications and shared lead authorship (with handwritten signature)

Applicants will be informed in writing that the doctoral procedure has been initiated.

After the doctoral procedure has been initiated, an internal first assessment and an external second assessment are requested. If the thesis is evaluated with at least "rite" by both assessors, the oral examination (doctoral colloquium) takes place.

The doctoral colloquium is held before the thesis committee and is comprised of a presentation (max. 30 minutes) and a scientific discussion (30-90 minutes). The language of the presentation is German or English.

The date is set by the thesis committee and is announced to the doctoral candidates at least 14 days in advance. The colloquium is open to the public and will be announced to the members of the faculty.

Completion of the doctoral procedure

After passing the doctoral colloquium, the thesis must be published in an unchanged and complete form according to § 12 PromO PhD (4 durable bound copies and a pdf file). The copies are to be submitted to the University Library, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 10 (Ms. Franzus, Tel. 03834 420 1519 (printed copies) and Ms. Waha, Tel. 03834 420 1553 (electornic version)) . For more information, please visit the

Central University Library Website .

The Dean's Office will be notified of the thesis submission by the University Library.

After submitting the required copies to the University Library, a confirmation of successful completion of the doctoral procedure is issued. This entitles the doctoral candidate to use the doctoral title - for a limited period of time until the original certificate is presented.

The award of the doctoral certificates takes place during a festive ceremony in May/June each year at St. Nikolai church (Domstr. 54, Greifswald, "Verleihung der akademischen Grade" ). Doctoral candidates will receive an invitation and are kindly asked to confirm by e-mail whether or not they will attend the ceremony. If participation is not possible or not desired, the certificates will be sent by post.

Mathilda Guerin Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Dekanat/Wissenschaftlicher Vorstand Fleischmannstr. 8 17475 Greifswald

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Rachel Damico, M.D., Ph.D.

Department: Medicine

Division: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine

Education & Training

2007: johns hopkins school of medicine, 2003: johns hopkins school of medicine, 2000: university of pennsylvania (currently perelman school of medicine at the university of pennsylvania).

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Michael R. Folkert, MD, PhD

• Physician, Fred Hutch

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Education, Experience and Certifications

Medical Degree Harvard Medical School

Residency Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology

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Board Certification Radiation Oncology, American Board of Radiology

Other PhD, Radiological Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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We make promising new treatments available to you through studies called clinical trials led by Fred Hutch physicians. Many of these trials at Fred Hutch have led to FDA-approved treatments and have improved standards of care globally. Together, you and your physician can decide if a study is right for you.

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Many of our Fred Hutch physicians conduct ongoing research to improve standards of patient care. Their work is evaluated by other physicians and selected for publication to the United States National Library of Medicine, the largest medical library in the world. See scientific papers this Fred Hutch physician has written.

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At Fred Hutch, you receive care from a team of providers with extensive experience in your disease. Your team includes physicians, a patient care coordinator, a registered nurse, an advanced practice provider and others, based on your needs. You also have access to experts like registered dietitians, social workers, acupuncturists, psychiatrists and more who specialize in supporting people with cancer or blood disorders.

Fred Hutch accepts most national private health insurance plans as well as Medicare. We also accept Medicaid for people from Washington, Alaska, Montana and Idaho. We are working to ensure that everyone, no matter what their financial situation, has access to the care they need.

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Idaho WWAMI 1st & 2nd Year

Physical Address: 121 W. Sweet Avenue Moscow, ID 83844-4061

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Thomas j. farrer, phd, abpp, assistant professor, associate program director.

208-885-2121

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• 2022 – MHS in Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
• 2017 – Post-Doctoral Fellowship, Clinical Neuropsychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
• 2015 – PhD in Clinical Psychology, Neuropsychology, BYU, Provo, UT
• 2015 – Clinical Neuropsychology Internship, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
• 2010 – MS in Psychology, BYU, Provo UT
• 2007 – BA in Psychology; BYU-Idaho, Rexburg, ID

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Faculty of the Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences

UMass Chan’s world-class faculty includes: a Breakthrough Prize winner, a Lasker Award winner, a Nobel Laureate, 4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigators, 8 National Academy of Science members, 5 National Academy of Medicine members, 3 Keck Award winners and 4 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists/Engineers recipients.

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Nezar Alexander Abdennur, PhD

Assistant professor.

• Genomics and Computational Biology
• University of Ottawa , BS
• University of Ottawa , MS
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology , PHD
• Email Address: Click to show email
• Phone: 774-455-4376
• Systems Biology
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Ronald N. Adler, MD

Associate professor.

• Family Medicine and Community Health
• Tufts University , BA
• Tufts University , BS
• University of Massachusetts Medical School , MD
• Phone: 508-334-8830

Jeremy T. Aidlen, MD, FACS

• University of Illinois, Chicago , BA
• University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign , BS
• University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey , MD
• Phone: 508-856-2128

Karim Alavi, MD

• Surgery , Division: Colorectal & Rectal Surgery
• George Washington University , BS
• George Washington University School of Medicine , MD

Matthew James Alcusky, PhD, PharmD, MS

• Population and Quantitative Health Sciences , Division: Epidemiology
• University of Rhode Island , MS
• University of Massachusetts Medical School , PHD
• University of Rhode Island , PHARMD
• Phone: 774-455-4691

Mark Alkema, PhD

• Neurobiology
• University of Amsterdam , BS
• University of Amsterdam , MS
• University of Amsterdam , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-6158

Jeroan J. Allison, MD, MS

Chair and professor.

• Population and Quantitative Health Sciences , Division: Health Informatics And Implementation Science
• Samford University , BS
• Harvard University School of Public Health , MS
• University of Alabama, Birmingham , MD

Daniel J. Amante, PhD, MPH

• College of the Holy Cross , BA
• Boston University School of Public Health , MPH
• Phone: 508-856-8480

Victor R. Ambros, PhD

• Silverman Chair in Natural Sciences
• Program in Molecular Medicine
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology , BS
• Phone: 508-856-6380

Melissa Lee Anderson, PhD

• Psychiatry , Division: Psychiatry Research
• Boston University , BA
• Boston University , BS
• Gallaudet University , MA
• Gallaudet University , PHD

Raffi Van Aroian, PhD

• California Institute of Technology , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-8169
• Microbiology
• RNA Therapeutics Institute

Neil Aronin, MD

• Higgins Family Professor in Neuroscience
• Medicine , Division: Endocrinology & Diabetes
• Duke University , BA
• University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , MD
• Phone: 508-856-3239
• Radiology , Division: Cellular Biology & Imaging

Arlene S. Ash, PhD

• Population and Quantitative Health Sciences , Division: Biostatistics And Health Services Research
• Harvard University , BA
• Washington University in St Louis , MS
• University of Illinois, Chicago , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-8922

Prabhani Upeka Atukorale, PhD

Adjunct assistant professor.

• Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology
• Vanderbilt University , BE
• Johns Hopkins University , ME
• Phone: 617-922-0478

David Ayers, MD

• Arthur M. Pappas, MD, Chair in Orthopedics

Distinguished Professor and Chair Emeritus

• Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation , Division: Joint Replacement
• University of Rochester School of Medicine , MD
• Phone: 508-334-9750

Ingolf M. Bach, PhD

• University of Konstanz , BA
• University of Konstanz , MA
• Paris Diderot University , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-5627

Eric H. Baehrecke, PhD

• Our Danny Cancer Fund Chair in Biomedical Research II
• University of Massachusetts Amherst , BS
• Texas A&M University College Station , MS
• University of Wisconsin, Madison , PH D
• Phone: 508-856-6733

Jong Gyu Baek, PhD

• University of Iowa , BS
• University of Michigan, Ann Arbor , MS
• University of Michigan, Ann Arbor , PHD

Christina E. Baer, PhD

• Wellesley College , BA
• University of California, Berkeley , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-6024

Bruce A. Barton, PhD

• Dickinson College , BA
• Pennsylvania State University , MA
• University of Pittsburgh , MS
• University of Pittsburgh , PHD

Samuel M. Behar, MD, PhD

• University of California, Berkeley , BS
• Albert Einstein College of Medicine , MD
• Albert Einstein College of Medicine , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-3682
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/maps/research-labs/behar/

Jennifer A. Benanti, PhD

• University of California, San Diego , BS
• University of Washington , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-1773

Andreas Bergmann, PhD

• Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology , BS
• Universitat Tubingen , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-6423

Steven B. Bird, MD

• Emergency Medicine , Division: Toxicology
• Yale University , BS
• Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , MD
• Phone: 508-421-1400

Diane R. Blake, MD

• Pediatrics , Division: Adolescent Medicine
• Smith College , BA
• Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , MD
• Phone: 508-856-0011

Alexei A. Bogdanov, PhD

• Moscow State University , BA
• Moscow State University , MS
• I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Academy , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-5571

Milena Bogunovic, MD, PhD

• Pathology , Division: Basic Pathology
• Mount Sinai School of Medicine , PHD
• Russian State Medical University , MD
• Phone: 508-856-1664

Daniel N. Bolon, PhD

• Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology
• Duke University , BS

Daryl A. Bosco, PhD

• State University of New York, Binghamton , BS
• Brandeis University , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-3745
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/boscolab

Edwin D. Boudreaux, PhD

• Emergency Medicine , Division: Research
• University of Louisiana , BS
• Louisiana State University Baton Rouge , PHD
• Phone: 508-334-3817

Gabriella Lutz Boulting, PhD

• University of California, Los Angeles , BS
• Harvard University , PHD
• Lab: https://www.boultinglab.com/

Carol A. Bova, PhD, RN, ANP

Professor emeritus.

• Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing
• Salem State College , BA
• Salem State College , BS
• University of Massachusetts Medical School , MS
• Boston College , PHD
• Medicine , Division: Infectious Diseases

Michael A. Brehm, PhD

• Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science , BS
• Pennsylvania State College of Medicine , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-3130

Robert Charles Brewster, PhD

• University of California, Los Angeles , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-3695

Michael H. Brodsky, PhD

• University of California, Berkeley , BA
• Phone: 508-856-1640

Robert H. Brown, MD, DPhil

• Donna M. and Robert J. Manning Chair in Neurosciences
• Neurology , Division: Neuromuscular
• Amherst College , BA
• Harvard Medical School , MD
• University of Oxford , DPHIL
• Phone: 508-334-1271
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/brownlab/

Vanni Bucci, PhD

• University of Florence , BS
• Northeastern University , MS
• Northeastern University , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-3854
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/buccilab/

Vivian Budnik, PhD

• Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research Chair I

Professor and Chair Emeritus

• University of Chile , BS
• Phone: 508-856-4341

Nancy Byatt, DO, MS, MBA

• Lehigh University , BA
• New York Institute of Technology , MBA
• New York College of Osteopathic Medicine , DO
• Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School ,
• University of Massachusetts Medical School ,
• Phone: 508-334-7839

Alexandra Catherine Byrne, PhD

• University of Toronto , PHD
• Yale University , Postdoc
• Phone: 508-856-8561

Daniel R. Caffrey, PHD

• Maynooth University , BS
• Trinity College , PHD
• Phone: 508-334-1000

Sharon B. Cantor, PhD

• University of Michigan, Ann Arbor , BS
• Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-4421

Roberto Caricchio, MD

• Myles J. McDonough Chair in Rheumatology
• Medicine , Division: Rheumatology
• Catholic University , MD

Stephanie Pepper Carreiro, MD

• Rhode Island College , BA
• New York Medical College , MD

Maira A. Castaneda Avila, PhD

• Ana G. Mendez University , BS
• University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus , MS
• Phone: 508-856-8973

Lucio H. Castilla, PhD

• University of Buenos Aires , MS
• Phone: 508-856-3281

Lisa Ann Cavacini, PhD

• University of Scranton , BS
• Drexel University , PHD

Craig J. Ceol, PhD

• Yale University , MS
• Phone: 508-856-5509

Rigel Chan, PhD

• National University of Singapore , BS
• National University of Singapore , MS
• Phone: 508-856-8034

Robin E. Clark, PhD

• Appalachian State University , BA
• University of Connecticut , MA
• Phone: 774-443-2083

Kiera Leigh Clayton, PhD

• University of Toronto , BS
• Phone: 508-856-2521

Karen Mara Clements, MPH, ScD

• Wesleyan University , BA
• Harvard University School of Public Health , SCD

David Micah Cochran, MD, PhD

• Barrett Family Term Chair in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Psychiatry , Division: Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
• Georgia Institute of Technology , BS
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology , MS

Andres Colubri, MFA, PhD

• University of California, Los Angeles , MFA
• Universidad Nacional del Sur , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-1217

Darryl Conte, PhD

• Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , BS
• State University of New York, Albany , PHD

Silvia Corvera, MD

• Endowed Chair in Diabetes Research
• Colegio Madrid , BS
• Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , MS
• Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , MD

Roger W. Craig, PhD

• University of Sydney , BSC
• King's College London , PHD

Sybil L. Crawford, PhD

• Carnegie Mellon University , BS
• Carnegie Mellon University , MS
• Carnegie Mellon University , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-6683
• Medicine , Division: Preventive

Carol Curtin, MSW, PhD

• Trinity College , BA
• Boston University , MSW
• Phone: 774-455-6527

Sarah L. Cutrona, MD, MPH

• Yale University , BA
• Harvard University School of Public Health , MPH
• Columbia College of Columbia University in the City of New York , MD

Michael Paul Czech, PhD

• Isadore and Fannie Foxman Chair in Medical Research
• Brown University , BA
• Duke University , MA
• Brown University , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-2254

Chad E. Darling, MD

• University of Pittsburgh , BS
• Dartmouth College , MD

Maryann Davis, PhD

• Emory University , MA
• Emory University , PHD

Roger J. Davis, PhD, FRS

• H. Arthur Smith Chair in Cancer Research
• Queens' College Cambridge , BA
• Queens' College Cambridge , MA
• Queens' College Cambridge , PHM
• Queens' College Cambridge , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-6054

Job Dekker, PhD

• Joseph J. Byrne Chair in Biomedical Research
• Utrecht University , MS
• Utrecht University , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-4371

Mark Dershwitz, MD, PhD

• Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
• Oakland University , BA
• Northwestern University , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-2480

Janice A. Dominov, PhD

• University of Rhode Island , BS
• Case Western Reserve University , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-3751

J. Kevin Donahue, MD

• Medicine , Division: Cardiovascular Medicine
• Washington University in St Louis , BA
• Washington University School of Medicine , MD
• Phone: 774-455-3866

Jeffrey B. Driban, PhD, AT Ret, CSCS

• University of Delaware , BS
• Temple University , MED
• Temple University , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-4016

Catherine E. Dube, EdD

• Boston College , BA
• Boston University , MED
• Boston University , EDD
• Phone: 508-856-8999

Raymond M. Dunn, MD

• Surgery , Division: Plastic Surgery
• Worcester Polytechnic Institute , BS
• Albany Medical College , MD
• Phone: 508-856-5299

Richard W. Dutton, PhD

• University of Cambridge , BA
• University of Cambridge , MA
• University of London , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-4431

E. Kale Edmiston, PhD

• Hampshire College , BA
• Vanderbilt University , PHD

Richard T. Ellison III, MD

• University of Virginia , BA
• Hahemann Medical College , MD
• Phone: 774-441-8230

Charles P. Emerson Jr., PhD

• Neurology , Division: Wellstone Program
• Princeton University , BA
• University of California, San Diego , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-1571
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/emersonlab

Patrick Emery, PhD

• University of Geneva , BS
• University of Geneva , MS
• University of Geneva , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-6599
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/emerylab

Mara Meyer Epstein, ScD, ScM

• Medicine , Division: Geriatrics
• Emory University , BS
• Phone: 508-856-3305

Wenwen Fang, PhD

• Fudan University , BS
• Princeton University , PHD

Jamie Marie Faro, PhD

• Lasell University , BS
• George Washington University , MS
• University of Massachusetts Boston , PHD

Thomas G. Fazzio, PhD

• University of Utah , BS
• Phone: 508-856-6014

Kimberly A. Fisher, MD

• Medicine , Division: Pulmonary Medicine
• Phone: 508-856-3121

Thomas J. FitzGerald, MD

• Radiation Oncology
• University of San Francisco , BS
• Phone: 774-442-2062

Katherine A. Fitzgerald, PhD

• Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research Chair III
• Medicine , Division: Innate Immunity
• University College, Cork , B SC
• Phone: 508-856-6518

William Alexander Flavahan, PhD

• Case Western Reserve University , BE

Josue Flores Kim, PhD

• University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez , BS
• New York University , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-4135

Terence R. Flotte, MD

• Celia and Isaac Haidak Professor
• Pediatrics , Division: Pediatric Pulmonology
• University of New Orleans , BS
• Louisiana State University Medical Center , MD
• Phone: 508-856-2107

Sarah Forrester, PhD

• Southern Adventist University , BS
• Capella University , MS
• Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-8338
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/hearrt/

Michael M. Francis, PhD

• University of Florida , PHD

Michela Frascoli, PhD

• University of Insubria , BS
• University of Insubria , MS
• Institute for Research in Biomedicine , PHD
• University of California San Francisco , Postdoc

Jean A. Frazier, MD

• Robert M. and Shirley S. Siff Chair in Autism
• Dartmouth Medical School , MD
• Phone: 774-455-4120

Peter D. Friedmann, MD, MPH, DFASAM, FACP

• Medicine at UMass Chan - Baystate
• Boston University School of Medicine , MD
• Phone: 413-794-7324

Accalia Mai-Wan Fu, PhD

• University of Ottawa , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-3679
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/fu-lab/

Kensuke Futai, PhD

• Kyushu University , BS
• Kyushu University , MS
• University of Tokyo , PHD
• Phone: 774-455-4318

Stefania Gallucci, MD

• Phone: 508-856-5245

Fen-Biao Gao, PhD

• Governor Paul Cellucci Chair in Neuroscience Research
• Peking University , BS
• Tsinghua University , MS
• Duke University , PHD
• University College London , Postdoc
• University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) , Postdoc
• Phone: 508-856-8504
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/fen-biaogaolab

Guangping Gao, PhD

• Penelope Booth Rockwell Chair in Biomedical Research 
• West China University of Medicine , MBBS
• Florida International University , MS
• Florida International University , PHD
• Phone: 508-856-3563
• Lab: https://www.umassmed.edu/gaolab/

Manuel Garber, PhD

• Universidad Simón Bolívar , BS
• Phone: 508-856-2954
• Dermatology

Arvin Garg, MD, MPH

• Phone: 508-856-3199

Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, DSc, DVM

• Federal University of Minas Gerais , DSC
• Federal University of Minas Gerais , DVM
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Post-Doctoral Fellow
• Phone: 508-856-2400

Ben Steven Gerber, MD, MPH

• University of Illinois, Chicago , MPH
• University of Chicago School of Medicine , MD
• Phone: 508-856-8995

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Fellow Focus in Four: Ryan MacLeod, MD, PhD, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Meet yale clinical fellow ryan macleod, md, phd, who plans to work in the bone research field and see patients as a clinical endocrinologist., ryan macleod, md, phd, what was your path to yale.

I finished my undergraduate studies at the University of Arkansas and completed my MD/PhD combined program at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. I wished to continue a combined career with clinical and research interests, and I began looking for opportunities. At a conference in the bone metabolism field, I was told about physician-scientist training programs, where residency and fellowship are combined in a way to remove barriers to starting a physician-scientist career. I interviewed via Zoom at many of these programs across the country, and Yale was one of the top choices at the end of that grueling process. I could see that the individuals in the Yale residency and fellowship were all kind, intelligent, and driven people who valued your success as a trainee. It was rare to find this combination within both the residency and fellowship, and I thought that reflected the culture of Yale. I am happy to say my inclination was correct.

Why did you choose Yale Department of Internal Medicine for your fellowship?

I started medical school thinking I wanted to be an orthopedic surgeon. I even tailored my research interests to match this initial clinical interest by joining a lab involved in bone metabolism research. Through my PhD years and into my first year of clinical clerkships, I realized that internal medicine fit my clinical and research interests more closely than any of the surgical specialties with which I rotated. My research and clinical mentors in medical school all belonged to the endocrinology section, and I found that the breadth of endocrinology appealed to me. That made my decision to pursue a Yale Internal Medicine residency and endocrinology fellowship very easy.

The history of Yale Internal Medicine research with many important clinical discoveries that we still utilize in practice today exhibits the foundation of support that Yale has to offer. Current research and clinical advancements in several fields show that this supportive environment endures. I wanted to be a part of the Yale Department of Internal Medicine to participate in that environment and hopefully benefit from the collaborative culture across all sections, both within and outside the department.

Tell us about your research or career goals.

I plan to continue working in the bone research field and see patients as a clinical endocrinologist. I hope that my clinical work influences my research directions and vice versa.

What’s a fun fact about you?

I moved across the country with three dogs: a Lab mix named Hazel and two miniature dachshunds named Huckleberry and Finn (yes, like the book character).

Y ale School of Medicine’s Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism works to improve the health of individuals with endocrine and metabolic diseases by advancing scientific knowledge; applying new information to patient care; and training the next generation of physicians and scientists to become leaders in the field. To learn more about their work, visit Endocrinology & Metabolism .

• Internal Medicine
• Endocrinology
• Fellow Focus in Four

Featured in this article

• Ryan MacLeod, MD, PhD Clinical Fellow