assignment leases or rents

Assignment of Rents – What, Why, and How?

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Madelaine prescott, esq., share this post:.

November 29, 2023

These days, almost all commercial loans include an Assignment of Rents as part of the Deed of Trust or Mortgage. But what is an Assignment of Rents, why is this such an important tool, and how are they enforced?

An Assignment of Rents (“AOR”) is used to grant the lender on a transaction a security interest in existing and future leases, rents, issues, or profits generated by the secured property, including cash proceeds, in the event a borrower defaults on their loan. The lender can use the AOR to step in and directly collect rental payments made by the tenant. For an AOR to be effective, the lender’s interest must be perfected, which has a few fairly simple requirements. The AOR must be in writing, executed by the borrower, and recorded with the county where the property is located. Including an AOR in the recorded Deed of Trust or Mortgage is the easiest and most common way to ensure the AOR meets these requirements should it ever need to be utilized.

When a borrower defaults, lenders can take advantage of AORs as an alternative to foreclosure to recoup their investment. With a shorter timeline and significantly lower costs, it is certainly an attractive option for lenders looking to get defaulted borrowers back on track with payments, without the potential of having to take back a property and attempting to either manage it or sell it in hopes of getting your money back out of the property. AORs can be a quick and easy way for the lender to get profits generated by the property with the goal of bringing the borrower out of default. But lenders should carefully monitor how much is owed versus how much has been collected. If the AOR generates enough funds so that the borrower is no longer in default, the lender must stop collecting rents generated by the property.

Enforcement of an AOR can also incentivize borrowers to work with the lender to formulate a plan, as many borrowers rely on rental income to cover expenses related to the property or their businesses. Borrowers are generally more willing to come to the table and negotiate a mutual, amicable resolution with the lender in order to protect their own investment. A word of warning to lenders though: since rental income is frequently used to pay expenses on the property, such as the property manager, maintenance, taxes, and other expenses, the lender needs to ensure they do not unintentionally hurt the value of the property by letting these important expenses fall behind. This may hurt the lender’s investment as well, as the property value could suffer, liens could be placed on the property, or the property may fall into disrepair if not properly maintained. It is also important for lenders to be aware of the statutes surrounding the payment of these expenses when an AOR is being used, as some state’s statutes require the lender to pay certain property expenses out of the collected rents if requested by the borrower.

In addition to being shorter and cheaper than foreclosure, AORs can be much easier to enforce. In California, the enforcement of an AOR is governed by California Civil Code §2938. This statute specifies enforcement methods lenders can use and restrictions on use of these funds by the lender, among other things. Under CA Civil Code §2938(c), there are 4 ways to enforce an AOR:

The appointment of a receiver;
Obtaining possession of the rents, issues, profits;
Delivery to tenant of a written demand for turnover of rents, issues, and profits in the correct form; or
Delivery to assignor of a written demand for the rents, issues, or profits.

One or more of these methods can be used to enforce an AOR. First, a receiver can be appointed by the court, and granted specific powers related to the AOR such as managing the property and collecting rents. They can have additional powers though; it just depends on what the court orders. This is not the simplest or easiest option as it requires court involvement, but this is used to enforce an AOR, especially when borrowers or tenants are uncooperative. Next is obtaining possession of the rents, issues, profits, which is exactly as it seems; lenders can simply obtain actual possession of these and apply the funds to the loan under their AOR.

The third and fourth options each require delivery of a written demand to certain parties, directing them to pay rent to the lender instead of to the landlord. Once the demand is made, the tenant pays their rent directly to the lender, who then applies the funds to the defaulted loan. These are both great pre-litigation options, with advantages over the first two enforcement methods since actual possession can be difficult to obtain and courts move slowly with high costs to litigate. The written demands require a specific form to follow called the “Demand To Pay Rent to Party Other Than Landlord”, as found at CA Civil Code §2938(k). There are other notice requirements to be followed here, so it is essential to consult with an experienced attorney if you are considering either of these options. California Civil Code §2938 specifically provides that none of the four enforcement methods violate California’s One Action Rule nor the Anti-Deficiency Rule, so lenders can confidently enforce their AORs using the above methods with peace of mind that they are not violating other California laws.

Whether you are looking to originate a new loan, or you are facing a default by your borrower, understanding what an Assignment of Rents is and how it operates can be extremely beneficial. Enforcing an AOR can be an easier option than foreclosure and can help promote a good relationship with your borrower when handled correctly. If you have any questions about AORs, or need further details on how to enforce them, Geraci is here to help.

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Assignment of Lease

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What is an assignment of lease.

The assignment of lease is a title document that transfers all rights possessed by a lessee or tenant to a property to another party. The assignee takes the assignor’s place in the landlord-tenant relationship.

You can view an example of a lease assignment here .

How Lease Assignment Works

In cases where a tenant wants to or needs to get out of their lease before it expires, lease assignment provides a legal option to assign or transfer rights of the lease to someone else. For instance, if in a commercial lease a business leases a place for 12 months but the business moves or shuts down after 10 months, the person can transfer the lease to someone else through an assignment of the lease. In this case, they will not have to pay rent for the last two months as the new assigned tenant will be responsible for that.

However, before the original tenant can be released of any responsibilities associated with the lease, other requirements need to be satisfied. The landlord needs to consent to the lease transfer through a “License to Assign” document. It is crucial to complete this document before moving on to the assignment of lease as the landlord may refuse to approve the assignment.

Difference Between Assignment of Lease and Subletting

A transfer of the remaining interest in a lease, also known as assignment, is possible when implied rights to assign exist. Some leases do not allow assignment or sharing of possessions or property under a lease. An assignment ensures the complete transfer of the rights to the property from one tenant to another.

The assignor is no longer responsible for rent or utilities and other costs that they might have had under the lease. Here, the assignee becomes the tenant and takes over all responsibilities such as rent. However, unless the assignee is released of all liabilities by the landlord, they remain responsible if the new tenant defaults.

A sublease is a new lease agreement between the tenant (or the sublessor) and a third-party (or the sublessee) for a portion of the lease. The original lease agreement between the landlord and the sublessor (or original tenant) still remains in place. The original tenant still remains responsible for all duties set under the lease.

Here are some key differences between subletting and assigning a lease:

Under a sublease, the original lease agreement still remains in place.
The original tenant retains all responsibilities under a sublease agreement.
A sublease can be for less than all of the property, such as for a room, general area, portion of the leased premises, etc.
Subleasing can be for a portion of the lease term. For instance, a tenant can sublease the property for a month and then retain it after the third-party completes their month-long sublet.
Since the sublease agreement is between the tenant and the third-party, rent is often negotiable, based on the term of the sublease and other circumstances.
The third-party in a sublease agreement does not have a direct relationship with the landlord.
The subtenant will need to seek consent of both the tenant and the landlord to make any repairs or changes to the property during their sublease.

Here is more on an assignment of lease here .

Parties Involved in Lease Assignment

There are three parties involved in a lease assignment – the landlord or owner of the property, the assignor and the assignee. The original lease agreement is between the landlord and the tenant, or the assignor. The lease agreement outlines the duties and responsibilities of both parties when it comes to renting the property. Now, when the tenant decides to assign the lease to a third-party, the third-party is known as the assignee. The assignee takes on the responsibilities laid under the original lease agreement between the assignor and the landlord. The landlord must consent to the assignment of the lease prior to the assignment.

For example, Jake is renting a commercial property for his business from Paul for two years beginning January 2013 up until January 2015. In January 2014, Jake suffers a financial crisis and has to close down his business to move to a different city. Jake doesn’t want to continue paying rent on the property as he will not be using it for a year left of the lease. Jake’s friend, John would soon be turning his digital business into a brick-and-mortar store. John has been looking for a space to kick start his venture. Jake can assign his space for the rest of the lease term to John through an assignment of lease. Jake will need to seek the approval of his landlord and then begin the assignment process. Here, Jake will be the assignor who transfers all his lease related duties and responsibilities to John, who will be the assignee.

You can read more on lease agreements here .

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Assignment of Lease From Seller to Buyer

In case of a residential property, a landlord can assign his leases to the new buyer of the building. The landlord will assign the right to collect rent to the buyer. This will allow the buyer to collect any and all rent from existing tenants in that property. This assignment can also include the assignment of security deposits, if the parties agree to it. This type of assignment provides protection to the buyer so they can collect rent on the property.

The assignment of a lease from the seller to a buyer also requires that all tenants are made aware of the sale of the property. The buyer-seller should give proper notice to the tenants along with a notice of assignment of lease signed by both the buyer and the seller. Tenants should also be informed about the contact information of the new landlord and the payment methods to be used to pay rent to the new landlord.

You can read more on buyer-seller lease assignments here .

Get Help with an Assignment of Lease

Do you have any questions about a lease assignment and want to speak to an expert? Post a project today on ContractsCounsel and receive bids from real estate lawyers who specialize in lease assignment.

ContractsCounsel is not a law firm, and this post should not be considered and does not contain legal advice. To ensure the information and advice in this post are correct, sufficient, and appropriate for your situation, please consult a licensed attorney. Also, using or accessing ContractsCounsel's site does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and ContractsCounsel.

Meet some of our Assignment of Lease Lawyers

With 20 years of transactional law experience, I have represented corporate giants like AT&T and T-Mobile, as well as mid-size and small businesses across a wide spectrum of legal needs, including business purchase agreements, entity formation, employment matters, commercial and residential real estate transactions, partnership agreements, online business terms and policy drafting, and business and corporate compliance. Recognizing the complexities of the legal landscape, I am dedicated to providing accessible and transparent legal services by offering a flat fee structure, making high-quality legal representation available to all. My extensive knowledge and commitment to client success establishes me as a trusted advisor for businesses of all sizes.

Business-minded, analytical and detail-oriented attorney with broad experience in real estate and corporate law, with an emphasis on retail leasing, sales and acquisitions and real estate finance. Extensive experience in drafting complex commercial contracts, including purchase and sale contracts for businesses in a wide variety of industries. Also experienced in corporate formation and governance, mergers and acquisitions, employment and franchise law. Admitted to practice in Colorado since 2001, Bar No. 33427.

Attorney Garrett Mayleben's practice is focused on representing small businesses and the working people that make them profitable. He represents companies in structuring and negotiating merger, acquisition, and real estate transactions; guides emerging companies through the startup phase; and consults with business owners on corporate governance matters. Garrett also practices in employment law, copyright and trademark law, and civil litigation. Though industry agnostic, Garrett has particular experience representing medical, dental, veterinary, and chiropractic practices in various business transactions, transitions, and the structuring of related management service organizations (MSOs).

Maria is a family law attorney dedicated to helping you navigate the complexities of personal and family legal matters with compassion and efficiency. From divorce and child custody disputes to marital agreements and domestic violence cases, Maria provides personalized legal solutions tailored to your unique circumstances. With her extensive knowledge of family law, she strives to protect your rights, advocate for your best interests, and empathetically guide you towards a positive resolution. Trust Maria to be your reliable advocate during these difficult times, ensuring that your family's well-being is safeguarded every step of the way. Let's work together to find the best legal path forward for you and your loved ones.

David is an experienced attorney specializing in estate planning, contracts, commercial law, and trademarks. In addition to his 9 years as an attorney, he also brings additional financial services experience as a registered investment advisor, stockbroker, and life insurance agent. David is known for his attention to detail, strong communication skills, and dedication to achieving favorable outcomes for his clients.

Experienced telecommunications, software and SaaS contracts attorney with past litigation experience available to review, negotiate and analyze contracts for business of all sizes.

I was born in Charlotte, NC and primarily raised in Dalton, GA. I graduated from Dalton High School in 1981 where I was in the band and the French club. I also participated in Junior Achievement and was a member of Tri-Hi-Y. New York granted my first license as an attorney in 1990. I then worked as a partner in the firm of Broda and Burnett for almost 10 years and as a solo practitioner for about 2 years. I worked as a general practitioner (primarily doing divorces, child abuse cases, custody matters and other family law matters, bankruptcy, real estate closings, contracts, taxes, etc.) and as a Law Guardian (attorney who represents children). I obtained my license in Tennessee in December 2002 and began working as an associate at Blackburn & McCune from February of 2003 until May of 2005. At Blackburn & McCune I provided telephone legal counsel to Prepaid Legal Services (now known as Legal Shield) members, wrote letters for members, reviewed contracts, attended hearings on traffic ticket matters and represented members with regard to IRS matters. In May of 2005, I went to work for North American Satellite Corporation where I served as Corporate Counsel. I handled a number of taxation issues, reviewed and wrote contracts, counseled the CEO and Board of Directors on avoiding legal problems and resolving disputes, and represented employees on a variety of matters, and also assisted the company for a period of time as its Director of Accounting. In 2010, I volunteered as a law clerk for Judge Robert Adams in Dalton, Georgia until I obtained my license to practice law in Georgia in November, 2010. In Georgia, I have handled a variety of family law matters, drafted wills, advanced health care directives, power of attorney documents, reviewed and drafted contracts, and conducted real estate closings. Currently, I accept cases in the areas of adoption, child support, custody, divorce, legitimation and other family law matters. In addition, I handle name change petitions and draft wills.

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Contract to lease land from a church.

I’m planning on leasing land from a church. Putting a gym on the property. And leasing it back to the school.

Ok; first step is that you will need a leasing contract with the church. Ask them to prepare one for you so you would just need an attorney to review the agreement and that should cost less than if you had to be the party to pay a lawyer to draft it from scratch. You need to ensure that the purpose of the lease is clearly stated - that you plan to put a gym on the land so that there are no issues if the church leadership changes. Step 2 - you will need a lease agreement with the school that your leasing it do (hopefully one that is similar to the original one your received from the church). Again, please ensure that all the terms that you discuss and agree to are in the document; including length of time, price and how to resolve disputes if you have one. I hope this is helpful. If you would like me to assist you further, you can contact me on Contracts Counsel and we can discuss a fee for my services. Regards, Donya Ramsay (Gordon)

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Demystifying Assignment of Lease: Your Go-To Guide

LegalGPS : July 29, 2023 at 8:17 AM

When you’re talking about property leasing, it’s important to understand that there are a lot of terms and concepts that you may have never heard before. One of them is the assignment of lease, which refers to a situation where a tenant transfers their rights and responsibilities under the lease agreement to another party.

What is an Assignment of Lease, and why is it so crucial?

An Assignment of Lease is a term you may have heard thrown around, especially if you're involved in rental properties. It’s a pretty important document. But what exactly is it? Well, in simple terms, an Assignment of Lease is an agreement where the original tenant of a property transfers their leases and all of its rights and obligations to a new tenant. Now, you might be wondering, "When would this scenario ever occur?"

Let's imagine you're a tenant who signed a three-year lease for an office space. However, two years in, you need to relocate due to unprecedented growth of your business. Instead of breaking the lease, you might choose to assign your lease to another business looking for office space. This means that you, as the original tenant, no longer have any obligations under the lease. The new tenant is now responsible for paying rent and complying with all of the terms of the previously signed agreement.

Now that you understand, let's get into the step-to-step guide on how to create an Assignment of Lease!

Steps to Write an Assignment of Lease

Creating a thorough Assignment of Lease agreement doesn't need to be an overwhelming task. Simply follow these steps to ensure your agreement is both comprehensive and legally binding:

Step 1: Identify the Parties

The information of each party should be included. For the existing tenant (the assignor), make sure to include:

Full legal name or business name

Postal mailing address

Phone number and email address

Do the same for the new tenant (the assignee). Make sure all the information is up-to-date and accurate to avoid any unnecessary confusion or disputes. For example, if the assignor is a business, make sure they have updated their mailing address with the post office to reflect their new building location. If a party has multiple addresses, be sure to list them all.

Step 2: Specify the Lease

This section requires exact information from the original lease agreement, including:

Property address and description

Lease start and end date

A reference to the original lease agreement (for instance, a sentence like "the lease agreement dated...")

Remember to include a copy of the original lease as an attachment to ensure the assignee understands the terms they're adhering to. If not already included in the original lease agreement, be sure to add the following information: Description of rental property, Lease term (how long the lease is good for), Rent amount, and Security deposit amount.

Step 3: Detail the Assignment

State that the assignor is transferring all their interests and obligations in the lease to the assignee. Here, write something like:

"The Assignor hereby assigns, transfers, and conveys to the Assignee all of the Assignor's rights, title, and interest in and to the Lease, together with all the Assignor's obligations, liabilities, and duties under the Lease."

This means that the assignor is transferring all of their interests and obligations in the lease to the assignee. This includes any future rent payments, repairs and maintenance responsibilities, notices of default by either party, and so on.

Step 4: Landlord's Consent

Many leases require the landlord's consent to assign the lease. The assignor should request written consent from the landlord and include a clause like:

"The assignment of the lease is not valid unless and until the landlord provides written consent."

This is followed by a place for the landlord to affirm consent by signing or initialing. This is important because the landlord can elect to withhold consent and the assignment will not be valid. If this is the case, you may need to provide additional consideration for your landlord's assent (for example, an increase in rent).

Step 5: Assignee Acceptance

Include a statement in which the new tenant agrees to the assignment and the terms of the lease. It may look like:

"The Assignee hereby accepts this assignment, assumes all duties and responsibilities under the Lease, and agrees to perform all of the Assignor's obligations under the Lease."

You need to do this because the new tenant needs to have an affirmative acceptance of the assignment in order for it to be valid. This is typically done through a letter from the assignee stating that they agree to perform all of your obligations under the lease.

Step 6: Signature and Date

Every binding legal document needs a date and a signature. Make sure that there is a proper place for the assignor and the assignee to sign and print their names, with a line for the date.

By following these clear, actionable steps, you'll be able to construct an effective Assignment of Lease agreement. Remember, every situation is unique, so adjust the template as necessary, being sure to include all relevant details.

Clear so far? Great! Now, let's focus on the tips to draft a perfect Assignment of Lease.

Tips to Draft a Perfect Assignment of Lease

Accurate Dates: Be sure to include the date when this agreement will take effect. Precision avoids any confusion about durations, when the assignee takes over, or when the assignor's obligations end.

Clear Terms: This document should restate the terms of the original lease. The assignee needs a clear understanding of what they're stepping into. Bit ambiguous? Think of it like this: the assignee should be able to step into the assignor's shoes comfortably.

Specify Rent Terms: Stating the rent amount, due dates, and method of payment in the assignment helps create a record of the agreed-upon rent terms, ensuring no misunderstanding arises in the future.

Specify the Term: The assignment should state how long the new lease lasts. For example, if the original lease is for one year, then the assignee will assume only a one-year term.

Specify Other Conditions: If there are other conditions in place—such as tenant improvements or utility allowances—then specify these too.

An assignment of lease doesn't have to be a formidable task to overcome. With a cautious and considered approach, these documents can be a smooth and seamless part of managing a successful lease transition.

Our contract templates can offer you even more support, empowering you towards crafting an excellent and individualised Assignment of Lease ready for your task. So why not take your next step towards leasing success and check them out today? Click here to get started!

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What is a deed of trust with assignment of rents.

By Rebecca K. McDowell, J.D.

February 24, 2020

Reviewed by Michelle Seidel, B.Sc., LL.B., MBA

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What Is a Corporate Assignment of Deed of Trust?

A deed of trust is a written instrument granting a lien on real property. While slightly different from a mortgage, they are functionally nearly the same. Some states use deeds of trust instead of mortgages while others allow both. Either way, a deed of trust used to secure a commercial loan may also include an assignment of rents , which gives the lender the right to collect rental income from the property in the event of default.

What Is a Deed of Trust?

A deed of trust is a document that a borrower may execute in favor of a lender to give the lender a lien on a parcel of real estate. Like a mortgage, a deed of trust secures the loan by allowing the lender to foreclose on the real estate if the loan isn't paid (although in some states that use deeds of trust, a foreclosure isn't necessary).

Read More: How to Research a Deed of Trust

Deed of Trust vs. Mortgage

A deed of trust is very similar to a mortgage in that it pledges property to secure a loan. A mortgage, however, is simpler; the property owner executes a mortgage document in favor of the lender, and the lender records the mortgage and has a lien , but the property owner still holds title to the property.

A deed of trust, on the other hand, grants an actual ownership interest in the property to a trustee, who holds the property in trust for the lender until the obligation is paid.

What Is an Assignment of Rents?

An assignment of rents is extra security granted to a lender that provides a commercial loan. Commercial loans are loans that are not made for family or household use but for business purposes.

When a borrower grants a mortgage or deed of trust on real estate and the real estate has tenants who pay rent, the lender can demand an assignment of rents in addition to the mortgage or deed of trust.

The assignment of rents means that if the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can step in and collect the rents directly from the tenants.

Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents

A deed of trust may contain an assignment of rents clause for that same property. In addition to a clause in the deed of trust, the lender may also require the borrower to execute a separate document called an "Assignment of Rents" that is recorded with the register of deeds.

Whether the assignment is written in the deed of trust only or is also contained in a separate document, it is binding on the borrower as long as its language is clear and sufficient to create an assignment under state law.

Exercising an Assignment of Rents

When a lender decides to collect the rents on the borrower's property, the lender is said to be exercising the assignment of rents. The lender cannot exercise the assignment unless the borrower has defaulted on the loan. Once that happens, the lender can send a written demand to the tenant or tenants, requiring that the rents be paid directly to the lender.

Absolute Assignments of Rents

An assignment of rents most likely will contain language that the assignment is an absolute assignment . In most states, an absolute assignment gives the lender an immediate interest in the rents. This means that the lender actually owns the rents and is simply allowing the borrower to collect them on license until an event of default. Once a default occurs, the lender can intercept the rents without taking any court action; a letter to the tenants is all that's needed.

Every state's laws are different; the law of the state where the property is located will dictate how a lender can exercise an assignment of rents.

Read More: What Is the Difference Between a Deed and a Deed of Trust?

Companies Incorporated: Mortgage States and Deed of Trust States
American Bar Association: Commercial Real Estate FAQs
Schulte Roth & Zabel: Sixth Circuit Upholds Assignment of Rents to Secured Lender
Findlaw: California Civil Code - CIV § 2938
Legal Beagle: What Is the Difference Between a Deed and a Deed of Trust?
Legal Beagle: How to Research a Deed of Trust
Legal Beagle: Documents Needed to Refinance a Mortgage
Legal Beagle: How to File a Property Lien

Rebecca K. McDowell is a creditors' rights attorney with a special focus on bankruptcy and insolvency. She has a B.A. in English from Albion College and a J.D. from Wayne State University Law School. She has written legal articles for Nolo and the Bankruptcy Site.

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What is an assignment of rents?

by Brian D. Moreno, Esq., CCAL | General Real Estate Law , Homeowners Association

With the collection of assessments, community associations are always looking for creative ways to increase the chance of recovery. One underutilized remedy that may provide associations good results is an assignment of rents. If an owner-landlord fails to pay HOA assessments but continues to collect rent payments from his or her tenant, the association should consider rent assignment. There are prejudgment and post-judgment rent assignment remedies that can be pursued with regard to the delinquency. A post-judgment rent assignment can be pursued by way of a request to the court after a Judgment is entered against the owner-landlord.

A prejudgment rent assignment can be pursued even before filing a lawsuit if executed properly. In California, Civil Code Section 2938 regulates the formation and enforcement of the assignment of rents and profits generated by a lease agreement relating to real property. It provides that “[a] written assignment of an interest in leases, rents, issues, or profits of real property made in connection with an obligation secured by real property. . .shall, upon execution and delivery by the assignor, be effective to create a present security interest in existing and future leases, rents, issues, or profits of that real property. . . .” Once a written assignment of rents is properly authorized and formed, the law creates a security interest (i.e., lien) against the rents and profits paid by a tenant.

The question then is whether the association’s CC&Rs, by itself, creates an assignment of the right to a tenant’s rent payment in favor of the association. Indeed, section 2938(b) provides that the assignment of an interest in leases or rent of real property may be recorded in the same manner as any other conveyance of an interest in real property, whether the assignment is in a separate document or part of a mortgage or deed of trust. Since a homeowners association’s CC&Rs is a recorded document and contains covenants, equitable servitudes, easements, and other property interests against the development, it follows that the assignment of rents relief provided in Section 2938(b) can be extended to community associations provided the CC&Rs contains an appropriate assignment of rents provision.

Section 2938, however, does not clarify whether the CC&Rs document on its own creates a lien and enforceable assignment right. Moreover, a deed of trust is much different than a set of CC&Rs, in that the deed of trust creates a lien against the trustor’s property upon recordation, while a homeowners association would not have a lien until an owner becomes delinquent with his or her assessments and the association records an assessment lien against the property. Therefore, depending on the scope of the assignment of rents provision in the CC&Rs, a homeowners association would likely need to record an assessment lien first before pursuing rents from a tenant. Moreover, even after a lien is recorded, homeowners associations should consider adding a provision in the assessment lien giving notice to the delinquent owner that an assignment right is in effect upon recordation of the assessment lien. Nevertheless, association Boards should consult with legal counsel to ensure proper compliance with the law.

Once the assignment right becomes enforceable, the next issue is how the Association can and should proceed. Section 2938(c)(3) allows the association to serve a pre-lawsuit demand (a sample of which is included in the statute) on the tenant(s), demanding that the tenant(s) turn over all rent payments to the association. This can be a powerful tool for homeowners associations. Moreover, if the tenant complies, the association will receive substantial monthly payments that can be applied towards the assessment debt, and collecting the funds does not appear to preclude the association from pursuing judicial or non-judicial foreclosure proceedings at a later time.

While homeowner associations have the option of pursuing a lawsuit against the delinquent owner and seeking to collect the rent payments after a judgment has been obtained, there are obvious advantages to enforcing the assignment of rents provision prior to pursuing litigation. A pre-lawsuit assignment of rents demand may prove to be more effective and cheaper. Additionally, the tenant affected by the assignment of rents demand may place additional pressures on the delinquent owner/landlord having received such a demand. Given this, the options available pursuant to Section 2938, including the pre-lawsuit demand for rents, should at least be considered and analyzed before action is taken.

Truly, the initial pre-lawsuit demand for rents may persuade the landlord-owner to resolve the delinquency with the association in the face of the potential disturbance of the landlord-tenant relationship. Even if the tenant fails to comply with the demand and/or the owner fails to bring the account current, the association could nonetheless pursue foreclosure remedies and/or seek to have a receiver appointed to specifically enforce the assignment of rents provision.

In sum, if a delinquent homeowner is leasing the property to a tenant, the homeowners association should consider making a pre-lawsuit demand for rent payments. If the association’s CC&Rs does not contain an assignment of rents provision, the board of directors should consider amending the CC&Rs to include an appropriate provision. Without question, the pre-lawsuit demand for rents could provide an excellent opportunity for recovery of unpaid assessments during these difficult economic times.

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Estate Planning & Probate

Assignment of Rents & Leases

Assignment of rents and leases in business and real estate transactions.

An “Assignment of Rents and Leases” is a crucial legal instrument that significantly impacts commercial and residential real estate, and mergers and acquisitions of real estate. Having a properly drafted and executed assignment means the rights and assets that are transferred give the new party (the assignee) the right to receive payments.

What is an assignment of rents and leases?

An assignment of rents and leases is a legal agreement in which the individual or company entitled to receive payments transfers that right to another party. Most often, this occurs (1) when a property owner hires a property manager, or (2) in acquisitions, such as a property management company selling their accounts to another property management company or a commercial landlord selling their portfolio to a buyer.

How is an assignment of rents and leases used?

This arrangement is often utilized in business sales, account sales, financing, and investment transactions as a means of securing debt or protecting the interests of the lender or property owner.

In the financing context, an assignment often grants the lender or assignee the authority to collect and apply the rents from the property should the borrower default on their loan; this is important when the borrower collateralizes real estate in order to receive the loan. In a property management context, an assignment often serves to effectively transfer management rights to the new company.

An assignment of rents and leases is probably most commonly used in a commercial real estate context when there is a sale of a commercial property, or in the residential real estate context when there is a change in property managers.

What terms should be included in an assignment of rents and leases?

Certain components should be included in a proper assignment. Here are a few of the foundational terms for an assignment of rents and leases:

Parties. All parties should be clearly identified and defined. This can include the borrower, lender, assignee, assignor, successor, etc.
Property description. The real estate parcel(s) involved in the assignment should be described by legal description, street address, and more.
Lease terms, rents, and disclosures. The actual lease agreements that are being transferred to the new landlord, property manager, lender, etc. should be provided to the assignor/successor, along with an easy-to-read schedule of rents and other crucial details per parcel or premises.
Rights and obligations. Each party should have their rules, permissions, and contractual rights and obligations outlined in the assignment language. The rights and obligations of each stakeholder will be widely varied based on the needs and financial position of each party, the existing leases being assigned, and the specifics of the subject properties.

Best Commercial Real Estate Attorneys in Oklahoma

It is crucial to engage an attorney with experience in properly negotiating, drafting, and executing assignments of rents and leases. They can guide you through the process, ensuring that the assignment is tailored to your specific needs and complies with all relevant legal requirements. The attorneys of Avenue Legal Group have the experience you need and want in your transaction. Contact our firm to discuss your transaction, assignment of rents and leases, or other real estate documentation.

Looking for local counsel in Oklahoma for your commercial real estate transaction? Our firm frequently works with attorneys, investors, and lenders from outside the state. Contact us by call, text, email, or website submission to discuss your matter.

Other helpful information:

Commercial Real Estate Transactions in Oklahoma
Due Diligence in Oklahoma Real Estate Transactions
Essential Terms for Every Commercial Lease
Attorney for Real Estate Contract Review
Estate Planning
Real Estate and Investing

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Subleases and Assignments by Tenants & Related Legal Concerns

Some landlords allow a tenant to sublet their unit to a third party, while others do not. If you are considering this option, you should check your lease or rental agreement to make sure that it is permitted. Even if it is not explicitly prohibited, you should get your landlord’s permission in advance to minimize future disputes.

How a Sublease Works

A subtenant is not a co-tenant and does not have a direct relationship with your landlord. As their “landlord,” you can (and should) require them to pay rent directly to you and evict them if they fail to follow through. This differs from a co-tenant, who can be evicted only by your landlord. If you decide to evict your subtenant, you will need to follow the same procedures that would be required of a landlord. A month-to-month rental agreement may be better for a subtenant arrangement than a lease. Any agreement should clearly state the amount of the rent, the length of the tenancy, and any security deposit that may be required.

A tenant will usually need their landlord’s permission before subletting their unit, but some state or local laws may prevent landlords from unreasonably denying subleases.

You should be aware that any benefits that you give your subtenant must fit within the overall rules that the landlord imposes for the property and the people who live there. Even though the subtenant did not sign your lease with the landlord, its terms apply to them as well.

You should make sure that you are confident about the subtenant’s financial situation and ability to comply with the terms of the sublease and the landlord’s rules. If they fail to pay rent or damage the property, you will be on the hook to the landlord for all of your own rent and the cost of any repairs. In extreme situations, such as criminal activity by your subtenant, the landlord may evict you in order to remove the subtenant. You also may face an eviction if you get into a dispute with your subtenant. If they refuse to leave when you return, for example, it may be easier for the landlord to simply evict both of you.

Can a Subtenant Turn Into a Tenant?

A subtenant can turn into a tenant if the landlord and you start acting as though the subtenant is a co-tenant. The most common issue here is who receives rent from the subtenant. If they start paying the landlord rather than you, they will have a strong argument that they are the landlord’s tenant. To prevent your subtenant from gaining the rights of a co-tenant, you should make sure that they pay rent to you, and then you can send it to the landlord.

Assigning a Lease

While assignments are often discussed together with subleases, they should not be confused. An assignment transfers the rest of your lease to a new tenant, and it usually happens when you want to move out before the lease is over. While a sublease makes you the landlord of the subtenant, an assignment makes the assignee a tenant of your landlord. All of the terms of your existing agreement with the landlord most likely will apply to the assignee. (There is an exception if the agreement contains a personal term, such as handling errands for the landlord in exchange for reduced rent.) The original tenant, the assignee, and the landlord all will need to sign the assignment document for it to become valid.

The original tenant will remain liable for rent that the assignee does not pay unless the landlord agrees otherwise.

Assignments can be risky because the original tenant remains on the hook to the landlord for all of the remaining rent if the assignee fails to pay it. This essentially makes the original tenant a guarantor for the rent, so it may be more appealing to try to terminate the lease early and let the next tenant start a new lease. Sometimes, however, you can work around this default rule and get the landlord’s consent to take you off the hook for any rent that the assignee does not pay.

Vacation Rentals (Airbnb)

Many tenants try to earn extra money by listing a home as a short-term vacation rental on websites like Airbnb. You should make sure that your lease permits this type of rental, since you may face eviction if you use Airbnb without your landlord’s authorization. You should get any ensuing agreement with your landlord in writing. It should cover issues such as how much of your unit will be leased to the short-term renter, how often you can list on Airbnb, and financial considerations such as any amount of the Airbnb rent that the landlord receives.

In addition to getting your landlord’s permission, you will want to make sure that listing your home for a short-term vacation rental complies with any zoning or land use laws in your area. You must comply with any restrictions in these laws, even if your landlord does not require it.

Finally, you may want to purchase renters’ insurance, while being aware that it may not cover people in a vacation rental. Some insurance companies are extremely reluctant to provide policies to people who plan to list on Airbnb or similar services.

Last reviewed October 2023

Landlord - Tenant Law Center Contents

Landlord - Tenant Law Center
Choosing a Place to Rent & Legal and Financial Concerns
Understanding Leases and Rental Agreements & Their Legal Implications
Changing a Lease or Rental Agreement
Rent Rules and the Legal Rights & Obligations of Tenants
Security Deposit Rules & Tenants' Legal Rights
Inspecting a Rental Property Before Signing a Lease
Co-Tenants' Legal Rights & Obligations on a Lease
Subleases and Assignments by Tenants & Related Legal Concerns
Major Repairs to Rental Property & Tenants' Legal Options
Minor Repairs to Rental Property & Tenants' Legal Options
Improvements, Alterations, and Fixtures on Rental Property
Tenants' Legal Rights to Privacy
Injuries to Tenants on Rental Property & Related Legal Claims
Environmental Hazards on Rental Property & Enforcing Tenants' Legal Rights
Inadequate Security at Rental Property & Tenants' Legal Options
Terminating a Lease of Rental Property & Related Legal Rights and Obligations
Abandoning Personal Property When Leaving a Rental Unit
Recovering a Security Deposit When Leaving a Rental Unit
Resolving Disputes With Your Landlord Without a Lawyer
Responding to Legal Notices Terminating a Tenancy
The Eviction Legal Process for Tenants
Working With a Tenants' Rights Lawyer
Tenants' Legal Rights & Duties — FAQs
Landlords' Legal Rights & Duties
Housing Discrimination Law
Eviction Laws and Forms: 50-State Survey
Find a Landlord Tenant Lawyer

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A banker asked us: General vs specific assignments of rents and leases in Ontario

Q: What is the difference between a general assignment of rents and leases and a specific assignment of rents and leases, and when should I include them in my term sheet for a commercial real estate financing of an Ontario property?

A: In situations where a borrower owns real property in Ontario that either is or will be leased to third party tenants, a lender should consider obtaining either a general assignment of rents and leases or a specific assignment of rents and leases in addition to a mortgage on the secured property. Like a mortgage, an assignment of rents and leases should be registered against title to the subject property, and in addition, should be registered under the applicable personal property security legislation as the rents and leases that are being secured by the assignment fall within the definition of personal property under that legislation. [1]

An assignment of rents and leases, be it a general assignment of rents and leases or a specific assignment of rents and leases, provides a lender with two principal benefits which may be realized by the lender after an event of default:

it permits the lender to receive the rent payments that the borrower/landlord would otherwise be entitled to, and this revenue stream from the tenants is a significant asset that should be secured; and,
it permits the lender to step into the shoes of the borrower/landlord and exercise all of the rights and remedies available to the landlord to ensure that the full benefit and value of the lease is realized by the lender, which includes for example, the right to demand payment in the event of non-payment of rent by a tenant and to assign the lease to a purchaser in the event of a power of sale proceeding.

The only difference between a general assignment of rents and leases and a specific assignment of rents and leases is the revenue streams and leases to which they apply. A general assignment of rents and leases applies to all present and future rental income and leases in respect of a particular property. Once in place, a general assignment of rents and leases gives the lender a right to the rental income and the ability to exercise all of the rights of the landlord under a lease in respect of all leases of the property, including but not limited to any new leases, subleases or assignments of lease entered into after the assignment is granted and registered. In contrast to this, a specific assignment of rents and leases only applies to leases which are specifically listed in the document. In the event that any of the specifically listed leases expire or are terminated, and/or a new lease or sublease is put in place, the specific assignment of leases will not apply to this new lease or sublease and the lender will have no right to the rental income or rights resulting from the new lease or sublease.

In most lending situations, the lender will prefer a general assignment of rents and leases as it provides the most comprehensive security. The lender will have security over all rental income, and be able to exercise the rights of the landlord, regardless of who the tenants are in the future, or what leases the borrower has in place at the time of default under the terms of the loan or credit facility. However, where there is a principal or anchor tenant that represents a preponderance of the rental income, and/or the borrower objects to a general assignment of rents and leases securing all rents and leases as too broad a security interest, the lender may only be interested in securing the rental income and landlord rights associated with a specific principal or anchor lease, or a particular group of leases. In such a situation, a specific assignment of rents and leases may be a reasonable compromise position for a lender to adopt. Alternatively, in situations where multiple lenders are taking security in a particular parcel of real property, specific assignments of rents and leases allow the various lenders to divide the rental income and leases among themselves, with each lender only obtaining security in a specifically agreed upon lease or group of leases.

The above is a general overview of general and specific assignments of rents and leases. The professionals in Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP’s financial services practice group would be pleased to discuss your lending and real property security needs in greater detail, and help you chose the security documents most appropriate for your lending needs.

[1] Some financial institutions have chosen to incorporate into their Standard Charge Terms for their mortgages various provisions that serve as a general assignment of rents, and they do not register a separate general assignment of rents as a result.

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Related Insights & Resources

Assignment of Leases and Rents (Pro-Lender) (NJ)

This template assignment of leases and rents is used in an acquisition loan transaction by a borrower to assign to a lender the leases and occupancy agreements related to a mortgaged property in New Jersey and all rents and sums payable thereunder. This template includes practical guidance, drafting notes, alternate clauses, and optional clauses. This document is often broken out from the other loan documents so that it can be recorded to memorialize such an assignment although such an assignment may also be included in the provisions of the mortgage. This template is drafted from the lender's perspective but includes drafting tips for the borrower. For information on New Jersey commercial financing transactions, see Commercial Real Estate Financing Transactions (NJ), Commercial Real Estate Financing (NJ), Commercial Real Estate Acquisition Loan Resource Kit (NJ), and Commercial Real Estate Loan Defaults and Remedies (NJ).

Assignment of Leases and Rents definition

Examples of assignment of leases and rents in a sentence.

By no later than the date that is forty-five (45) days after the Effective Date (or such later date as the Lender shall agree in its sole discretion), the Lender shall have received a properly executed and notarized Third Amendment to Open-End Mortgage Deed to Secure Present and Future Loans under Chapter 25 of Title 34 of the Rhode Island General Laws, Assignment of Leases and Rents , Security Agreement and Fixture Filing, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lender.

More Definitions of Assignment of Leases and Rents

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Since inflation has increased by 23% over the past decade per RGB calculations — and rents have only increased by a cumulative 14% — income has been reduced by 9% from a landlord’s point of view.

The news media in this town perpetuates a myth that Adams is somehow a friend to real estate because he talks about balancing the needs of tenants and buildings.

But the mayor’s rhetoric doesn’t pay the property taxes, insurance, water and sewer bills, or any of the mandated costs that the City Council has pushed onto property owners.

Under this mayor, property taxes — the biggest cost for rent-stabilized buildings — went up 2.8% just this year, while Adams’ Water Board approved a 9% increase.

Yet last year, the RGB’s own data found an 8.5% rent increase would be necessary to prevent the deterioration of rent-stabilized buildings: The board raised rents 3%.

This year the RGB’s data said a 4% rent increase was necessary, and the board raised rents 2.75%.

The math is indisputable: Under Adams, the RGB has favored tenants more than property owners by keeping rent increases below inflation, and well below the amount needed to prevent rent-stabilized buildings from falling into disrepair.

Apparently data doesn’t matter anymore — advocacy groups know that shouting the loudest and staging performative protests gets the necessary attention.

Yet if elected officials changed the inequitable property-tax system that favors wealthy homeowners, cracked down on insurance redlining and gave affordable-housing providers a break on water and sewer costs, the RGB wouldn’t have to raise rents at all.

As long as this false narrative around the RGB is perpetuated, renters will never get actual relief.

Jay Martin is executive director of the Community Housing Improvement Program.

Navigating the assignment of a commercial lease

Special circumstances can require a tenant or a landlord to assign a commercial lease. Find out the most common situations for a commercial lease assignment and whether it's right for your situation.

Find out more about real estate and business

by Ronna L. DeLoe, Esq.

Ronna L. DeLoe is a freelance writer and a published author who has written hundreds of legal articles. She does...

Tenant's assignment of a commercial lease

There are many reasons a tenant may want to get out of a commercial lease, including not being able to afford the rent and needing less or more space. Because it's unlikely a landlord will simply let you walk away from your commitment, you should check what your lease says about early termination. Most commercial leases require the tenant to pay rent for the rest of the term and possibly additional fees for breaking the lease.

Assignment of the lease is another alternative to breaking it. In doing so, you give the new tenant, known as the assignee, the right to occupy the premises in your place for the remainder of your lease term.

Getting the landlord's consent

Almost all assignments of commercial leases by the tenant need the landlord's consent, so check your original lease for any such language. As with a residential lease, a landlord cannot unreasonably withhold consent for you to assign the lease. However, it's up to you as the assignor, or original tenant, to ensure that your assignee is reliable, responsible, and can pay the rent—or you may end up being held financially liable.

If the tenant assigns a commercial lease to a new tenant without the landlord's permission, the landlord can sue the original tenant for breaking the lease. The landlord can also collect damages against one or both tenants if he can show that the assignee isn't a good-paying tenant or doesn't have the type of business he wants in the building. He can also end the lease and evict the new tenant.

Contents of a tenant's assignment agreement

Assignment of a commercial lease is almost always accompanied by a written agreement to preserve both the tenant's and landlord's rights. Some states require written assignment agreements . Many commercial assignment agreements contain provisions for the:

Payment of fees to the landlord for having another business substitute for yours
Assignor's and assignee's names, addresses, and business names
Landlord's name, address, and business name
Amount of the new tenant's rent and the dates for payment
Date of the agreement
Date the assignment is effective
Date the lease ends
The landlord's, assignor's, and assignee's signatures

Assignment agreements usually don't contain a provision releasing the assignor from paying rent, meaning that you, as the assignor, are held responsible for payment. Even so, assignment can be a financially responsible option for a tenant who's going out of business or who needs new space immediately.

Landlord's assignment of a commercial lease

Sometimes a commercial landlord needs to sell his property. After the new owner, or assignee-buyer, buys the property subject to existing leases, the assignor-landlord assigns the leases to the new owner, who can then collect rent. The assignor-landlord notifies tenants by sending a notice of sale, a notice of assignment of lease, or a notification on letterhead listing the assignee-buyer's address for payment of rent.

Unless the lease states otherwise, you, as landlord, can sell your property to anyone, but make sure to get a hold harmless clause , also known as an indemnity clause, in your contract of sale. Such clauses protect you from liability to the tenant if the buyer doesn't perform her duties as a landlord. Otherwise, as the original landlord, you're still liable for your obligations to the tenant, such as keeping the premises habitable.

Under the right circumstances, assignment of a commercial lease can work for both landlords and tenants. If you need assistance with your assignment agreement, consider using an online service provider to prepare it for you.

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