biomedical science essay topics

74 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best biomedicine topic ideas & essay examples, 📝 interesting topics to write about biomedicine, 📌 simple & easy biomedicine essay titles.

• Advanced Biomedical Devices Case Analysis The success of the company in the United States suggests that the speedheals could hit the European market. According to the case, none of the competitors has achieved the level of innovation associated with the […]
• The Worth of Biomedical Ethics in Nursing Practice However, sometimes, the necessity of focusing on treatment and recovery makes healthcare providers unintentionally neglect or forget about the principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. In addition, following the rules of beneficence and nonmaleficence […]
• Behavioral and Biomedical Theories in Nursing Role categories like role ambiguity, role overload, and role conflict contribute to role stress. The change from nurse-to-nurse practitioner is an illustration of role ambiguity.
• Biomedical Technologies and Natural Family Planning Cervical mucus is a cervical secretion; tracking changes in CM is the easiest and most reliable way to predict the most fertile days.
• Biomedical Sciences in Nursing The concept of the web of causation has been formulated in the 1970s to solidify the idea of multidimensional causes of diseases and establish the model for explaining chronic conditions that are not fully attributable […]
• Biomedical Research Ethics and Human Rights This paper aims to discuss the impact of the history of research ethics on modern approaches and the protection of the rights of human subjects.
• Imaging Speed in Biomedical Engineering A substitute for this in achieve the high speed requirement involves the use of a video rate laser scanner which would have an added advantage of being able to control the size of the aperture […]
• Importance and Role of Biomedicine By studying a model of the natural history of the disease, the primary function is to identify the stages of prepathogenesis, pathogenesis, and prevention methods.
• Biomedical Theories and Models in Healthcare Delivery The genetic basis of cancer theory is one of these paradigms, and it focuses on the genesis of the disease. A combination of factors leads to the occurrence and proliferation of cancer cells.
• Principles of Ethics Among Biomedical Practitioners It shows a situation whereby medical professionals have to take care of people, who are not fully aware of the moral principles that govern them.
• The Analysis of the Results of the Biomedical Research The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the biomedical research carried out in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates.
• Health Care Disparity and Principles of Biomedical Ethics Healthcare disparities can be explained as the differences or the inequalities that exist in the provision of medical care to various groups of people. The most significant theories in the US have been the theory […]
• Nanotechnology and Bio-Electrospray: In the Context of Biomedical Applications In recent years one of the most promising applications is the use of electrospraying to manipulate cells and transport them without compromising the integrity of the cell. One can just imagine the extreme minuteness of […]
• Bioethical Position on Medical Futility Nursing Advocates for the withdrawal of treatment for severely deformed infants base their arguments on the fact that treatment for severely deformed infants is futile.
• Ethical Issues on Protection of Human Subjects in Biomedical Research First, ethical issues surrounding the protection of human subjects can be solved through assessing the risks and benefits of the medical experiment beforehand.
• Biomedical Informatics and Pharmacovigilance The analysis of the study makes it possible to assess the measures taken to enhance the role of biomedical informatics in healthcare.
• The Relation Between Patients and Biomedicine I think nothing could be done with the growth of a number of online health communities and patients’ deep concern in biomedicine; the challenge is to deal with these phenomena to minimize their negative effects.
• Electric Field Array Micro-System Lab-On-Chip and Biomedical Analysis The differential voltage Vdiff is equal to the product of the applied E and the distance between the split gates Viff=Vin-Vin2=Ed. When E is produced, then the applied E is a function of d.
• Biomedical Researches: Ethics vs. Morals Especially in the researches, dealing with other, poorer nations and people of countries where the respect for human rights is not that high.
• Biomedical Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical Prosthetics One of the first references to the use of prosthetics is observed in the works of the French surgeon, Ambroise Pare, in 1579 where he described the methods of producing prosthetics used by him in […]
• Psychology of Biomedical Fiction The chances of giving a more correct description of hospital incidents and the weaving of crimes into medical life cater to the fancies of the public.
• The Moral Case Against Cloning-for-Biomedical-Research In my view then it is a vain hope that researchers will be able to determine when a human person comes into existence simply by inspecting the biological and genetic evidence about the development of […]
• Biomedical Discovery of DNA Structure The first parts of the book comprised of the opening of Sir Lawrence Bragg, who gave an overview of the entire book and talked about the significance of Francis Crick and James Watson’s discovery with […]
• Female Bodies in Science and Biomedicine The assigned readings focus on the ways the female body is regarded in the context of biomedicine. In conclusion, it is necessary to note that gender is one of the constructs shaping the way people […]
• Biomedical Researcher Career at Immunobiology Ltd. John collaborates with different stakeholders to identify the best opportunities for ImmBio. The respondent was ready to answer my questions.
• Ethics in Biomedical and Nursing Internet Research There is a need to ensure that the Code of Professional Ethics being implemented best suits the protection of human subjects in the context of biomedical research. It is vital to ensure that the Code […]
• Autophagy Mechanisms: Biology and Medicine Breakthrough Prior to Ohsumi’s research, the 1960s saw the discovery of the cell’s capacity to transfer its contents in the enclosed membranes to the lysosome, where the contents are recycled.
• Biomedical Ethical Theories and Principles In general, ethics1 encompasses the theories and principles of particular values as well as the justifications and perceptions of these values.
• Bioanthropology: Culture and Medicine The importance of social and ethnic diversity in the United States today is very high, the awareness of this diversity is widely promoted, yet some culture-specific researches in the American medicine led to racial division […]
• Career in Biomedical Sciences: Opportunities & Prospects For one to qualify as a biomedical scientist, one is usually required to have a degree in Biomedical Science with the prospects of upgrading through graduate school.
• Cell Culture and Biomedical Applications This situation of cell line cross contamination could be attributed to constant necessity in the protocol for cell culture viability and identification.
• Approaches to Human Illness From a Biomedical Anthropology Perspective In a sense, the biocultural view fronted by Stanford and company can be used to explain the article’s main theme of inequality and human illness as it recognize the fact that both our evolutionary and […]
• The Biomedical Model of Health in Medicine How human beings respond to illness is essential and understanding the concepts of every healing system is vital in combating diseases.
• Biomedicine: Scientific Medicine Prominent in Western Societies
• The Limits of Biomedicine Among the Dagomba of Northern Ghana
• AIDS Stigma and Its Effects Upon the Gay Community and Biomedicine
• Bioethical Governance and Basic Stem Cell Science: Global Biomedicine Economy
• Biomedicine Globalized and Localized: Western Medical Practices in a Mexican Hospital
• Cardiac Biomedicine: Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure Draft
• Why Biomedical Research on Animals Is Needed
• Chinese Traditional Medicine System and Western Biomedicine Comparative Analysis
• Credibility, Replicability, and Reproducibility in Simulation for Biomedicine and Neuroscience
• Does Alternative Medicine Present a Challenge to Biomedicine
• How Sociological and Lay Ideas About Illness Differ From Those of Biomedicine
• Exploring the Boundaries Between Alternative Medicine and Biomedicine
• Functional Craniology and Brain Evolution: From Paleontology to Biomedicine
• Global Pharmaceutical and Biomedicine Companies
• Sleep, Health, and the Dynamics of Biomedicine
• Toward New Models for Innovative Governance of Biomedicine and Health Technologies
• Statement of Purpose for Biomedical Sciences
• The Era of Biomedicine: Science, Medicine, and Public Health
• The Relevance of Evolutionary Theory in Biomedical Science
• Studying Pain in the Realm of Biomedicine
• Biomedicine and Prevention: A Public Health Perspective
• Examining Western Biomedicine and Shamanism
• Credibility, Replicability, and Reproducibility in Simulation for Biomedicine and Clinical Applications
• Ancient Greek Medical System as the Basis of Biomedicine
• Concerns of a Health Professional in Biomedical Science
• China and the Globalization of Biomedicine
• Combining Hard Sciences With Biomedicine
• The Influence of IT in the Field of Biomedicine
• Career Critique: Comparing Urban Planners and Biomedical Engineers
• Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
• Overview of the Current Trends in Biomedicine
• Animating Biomedicine’s Moral Order: Comprehensive Analysis
• Deep Learning in Bioinformatics and Biomedicine
• Critical Perspectives of Biomedicine, Religious Studies, Art History, Philosophy
• CNS Regeneration, Possible Only Through Bioengineering Advancements
• The New Medical Model: A Renewed Challenge for Biomedicine
• Linking Biomedicine and the Human Condition
• Nanoparticles in Life Sciences and Biomedicine
• Overview of Sex and Gender in Biomedicine
• What Are the Arguments Against Biomedical Research
• Pandemic Ideas
• Viruses Research Topics
• Pathogenesis Research Ideas
• Anatomy Ideas
• Stem Cell Essay Titles
• Animal Testing Topics
• Healthcare Questions
• X-Ray Questions
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 2). 74 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/biomedicine-essay-topics/

"74 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 2 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '74 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 2 March.

IvyPanda . 2024. "74 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "74 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "74 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

Presentations made painless

• Get Premium

129 Biomedicine Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Biomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that encompasses a wide range of scientific and medical disciplines. From genetics and molecular biology to pharmacology and epidemiology, there is no shortage of interesting topics to explore. Whether you are a student looking for inspiration or a researcher seeking new avenues of investigation, here are 129 essay topic ideas and examples to get you started in the world of biomedicine.

• The role of genetics in personalized medicine.
• The impact of epigenetics on human health.
• The potential of gene editing technologies like CRISPR.
• The ethical considerations of genetic engineering.
• The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
• The promise and challenges of precision medicine.
• The role of microbiota in human health and disease.
• The impact of the human microbiome on mental health.
• The connection between gut health and autoimmune diseases.
• The role of the immune system in cancer prevention and treatment.
• The potential of immunotherapy in combating infectious diseases.
• The impact of vaccines on public health.
• The challenges of developing effective HIV vaccines.
• The role of artificial intelligence in drug discovery.
• The use of big data in healthcare.
• The potential of wearable devices in monitoring and managing chronic diseases.
• The impact of telemedicine on healthcare accessibility.
• The challenges of implementing electronic health records.
• The role of social media in disseminating health information.
• The potential of nanotechnology in medicine.
• The use of nanomedicine in targeted drug delivery.
• The challenges of developing effective antibiotics.
• The impact of antibiotic resistance on global health.
• The potential of phage therapy in treating bacterial infections.
• The role of nutrition in preventing chronic diseases.
• The impact of obesity on health outcomes.
• The connection between mental health and physical well-being.
• The potential of psychedelic-assisted therapy in mental health treatment.
• The impact of environmental toxins on human health.
• The role of epigenetics in understanding the effects of environmental exposures.
• The potential of gene therapy in treating genetic diseases.
• The challenges of gene therapy delivery and safety.
• The impact of aging on health and longevity.
• The connection between sleep and overall health.
• The potential of regenerative medicine in organ transplantation.
• The challenges of developing functional artificial organs.
• The role of bioinformatics in genomic research.
• The impact of social determinants of health on healthcare disparities.
• The connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes.
• The potential of stem cell therapy in treating neurological disorders.
• The challenges of ethical considerations in human cloning.
• The impact of prenatal genetic testing on reproductive decision-making.
• The role of genetic counseling in personalized medicine.
• The potential of immunotherapy in treating autoimmune diseases.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for rare diseases.
• The impact of environmental factors on the development of allergies.
• The connection between the gut-brain axis and mental health.
• The potential of gene editing technologies in agricultural biotechnology.
• The role of artificial intelligence in radiology.
• The impact of wearable health devices on patient empowerment.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
• The potential of 3D printing in tissue engineering.
• The role of bioethics in biomedical research.
• The impact of socioeconomic factors on clinical trial participation.
• The connection between diet and the gut microbiome.
• The potential of gene expression profiling in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
• The challenges of developing effective therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
• The impact of air pollution on respiratory health.
• The role of epigenetics in understanding addiction.
• The potential of precision agriculture in improving food production.
• The challenges of developing personalized cancer vaccines.
• The impact of artificial intelligence in drug repurposing.
• The connection between the oral microbiome and systemic health.
• The potential of immunotherapy in treating viral infections.
• The role of nanomedicine in targeted cancer therapy.
• The impact of social media on body image and mental health.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for autoimmune skin diseases.
• The potential of gene editing technologies in livestock breeding.
• The role of artificial intelligence in predicting disease outbreaks.
• The impact of environmental factors on reproductive health.
• The connection between gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders.
• The potential of personalized nutrition in disease prevention.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections.
• The impact of electronic cigarettes on respiratory health.
• The role of epigenetics in understanding the effects of stress on health.
• The potential of immunotherapy in treating autoimmune liver diseases.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for rare pediatric diseases.
• The impact of noise pollution on cardiovascular health.
• The connection between the skin microbiome and dermatological diseases.
• The potential of gene editing technologies in biofuel production.
• The role of artificial intelligence in predicting patient outcomes.
• The impact of environmental factors on neurodevelopmental disorders.
• The connection between the vaginal microbiome and reproductive health.
• The potential of personalized medicine in mental health treatment.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for drug-resistant tuberculosis.
• The impact of light pollution on sleep quality and health.
• The role of epigenetics in understanding cancer metastasis.
• The potential of immunotherapy in treating autoimmune kidney diseases.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for rare eye diseases.
• The impact of electromagnetic fields on human health.
• The connection between the lung microbiome and respiratory diseases.
• The potential of gene editing technologies in biosecurity.
• The role of artificial intelligence in optimizing drug dosages.
• The impact of environmental factors on cardiovascular diseases.
• The connection between the oral microbiome and oral health.
• The potential of personalized medicine in infectious disease control.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for drug-resistant malaria.
• The impact of chemical exposures on reproductive health.
• The role of epigenetics in understanding the effects of trauma on health.
• The potential of immunotherapy in treating autoimmune eye diseases.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for rare bone diseases.
• The impact of electromagnetic radiation on fertility.
• The connection between the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal diseases.
• The potential of gene editing technologies in bioethanol production.
• The role of artificial intelligence in predicting adverse drug reactions.
• The impact of environmental factors on autoimmune diseases.
• The connection between the oral microbiome and systemic diseases.
• The potential of personalized medicine in cancer prevention.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for drug-resistant gonorrhea.
• The impact of heavy metals on neurodevelopment.
• The role of epigenetics in understanding aging-related diseases.
• The potential of immunotherapy in treating autoimmune skin diseases.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for rare lung diseases.
• The impact of electromagnetic fields on cancer risk.
• The connection between the gut microbiome and mental health disorders.
• The potential of gene editing technologies in bioremediation.
• The role of artificial intelligence in predicting patient adherence to treatment.
• The impact of environmental factors on autoimmune liver diseases.
• The connection between the oral microbiome and cardiovascular diseases.
• The potential of personalized medicine in rare disease diagnosis.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for drug-resistant fungal infections.
• The impact of endocrine disruptors on reproductive health.
• The role of epigenetics in understanding the effects of nutrition on health.
• The potential of immunotherapy in treating autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases.
• The challenges of developing effective treatments for rare kidney diseases.
• The impact of electromagnetic radiation on cognitive function.
• The connection between the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome.
• The potential of gene editing technologies in bio-based manufacturing.
• The role of artificial intelligence in predicting disease progression.

These essay topic ideas and examples cover a wide range of areas within biomedicine. Whether you are interested in genetics, microbiology, pharmacology, or any other field, there is bound to be a topic that piques your interest. Remember to choose a topic that aligns with your own research goals, interests, and expertise. Happy writing!

Want to create a presentation now?

Instantly Create A Deck

Let PitchGrade do this for me

Hassle Free

We will create your text and designs for you. Sit back and relax while we do the work.

Explore More Content

• Privacy Policy
• Terms of Service

© 2023 Pitchgrade

Enjoy a completely custom, expertly-written dissertation. Choose from hundreds of writers, all of whom are career specialists in your subject.

45 Biomedical Research Topics for You

Although choosing relevant biomedical research topics is often an arduous task for many, it shouldn’t be for you. You no longer have to worry as we have provided you with a list of topics in biomedical science in this write-up.

Biomedical research is a broad aspect of science, and it is still evolving. This aspect of science involves a variety of ways to prevent and treat diseases that lead to illness and death in people.

This article contains 45 biomedical topics. The topics were carefully selected to guide you in choosing the right topics. They can be used for presentations, seminars, or research purposes, as the case may be.

So, suppose you need topics in biomedical ethics for papers or biomedical thesis topics for various purposes. In that case, you absolutely have to keep reading! Are you ready to see our list of biomedical topics? Then, let’s roll.

Biomedical Engineering Research Topics

Biomedical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with providing solutions to problems in medicine and biology. Biomedical engineering research is an advanced area of research. Are you considering taking up research in this direction?

Research topics in this area cannot just be coined while eating pizza. It takes a lot of hard work to think out something meaningful. However, we have made a list for you! Here is a list of biomedical engineering topics!

• How to apply deep learning in biomedical engineering
• Bionics: the latest discoveries and applications
• The techniques of genetic engineering
• The relevance of medical engineering today
• How environmental engineering has affected the world

Biomedical Ethics Topics

There are ethical issues surrounding healthcare delivery, research, biotechnology, and medicine. Biomedical Ethics is fundamental to successful practice experience and is addressed by various disciplines. If you want to research this area, then you do not have to look for topics. Here’s a list of biomedical ethics for paper that you can choose from:

• The fundamentals of a physician-patient relationship
• How to handle disability issues as a health care sector
• Resource allocation and distribution
• All you need to know about coercion, consent, and or vulnerability
• Ethical treatment of subjects or animals in clinical trials

Relevant Biomedical Topics

Topics in Biomedical science are numerous, but not all are relevant today. Since biomedical science is constantly evolving, newer topics are coming up. If you desire in your topic selection, read on. Here is a list of relevant biomedical topics just for you!

• The replacement of gene therapy by gene editing
• Revolution of vaccine development by synthetic biology
• Introduction of artificial blood – the impact on the health sector
• Ten things know about artificial womb
• Transplanted reproductive organs and transgender birth

Biomedical Science Topics

Biomedical science is the aspect of scientific studies that focuses on applying biology and chemistry to health care. This field of science has a broad range of disciplines. If you intend to do research in this field, look at this list of research topics in biomedical science.

• The role of biomechanics in health care delivery
• Importance of biomaterials and regeneration engineering
• The application of cell and molecular engineering to medicine
• The evolution of medical instrumentation and devices
• Neural engineering- the latest discoveries

Seminar Topics for Biomedical Instrumentation

Biomedical science is constantly making progress, especially in the aspect of biomedical instrumentation. This makes it worthy of a seminar presentation in schools where it is taught. However, choosing a biomedical research topic for a biomedical instrumentation seminar may not come easy. This is why we have collated five brilliant topics for biomedical instrumentation just for you. They include:

• Microelectrode in neuro-transplants
• Hyperbaric chamber for oxygen therapy
• How concentric ring electrodes can be used to manage epilepsy
• How electromagnetic interference makes cochlear implants work
• Neuroprosthetics Management using Brain-computer interfaces (BCI)

Biomedical Engineering Topics for Presentation

One of the interesting aspects of biomedical science in biomedical engineering. It is the backbone that gives the biomedical science structure. Are you interested in making presentations about biomedical engineering topics? Or do you need biomedical engineering topics for paper? Get started here! We have compiled a list of biomedical engineering topics for you. Here they are:

• In-the-ear device to control stuttering: the basis of its operation
• How to implement the magnetic navigated catheterization
• Semiconductor-cell interfaces: the rudiments of its application
• The benefits of tissue engineering of muscle
• The benefits of sensitive artificial skin for prosthetic arms

Hot Topics in Biomedical Research

Biomedical research is fun because it is often relatable. As interesting as it seems, choosing a topic for research doesn’t come easy at all. Yet, there are also a lot of trending events around biomedical topics. To simplify your selection process, we have written out a few of them here.

Here are some hot biomedical research topics below.

• What is immunology, and what is the relevance today?
• Regenerative medicine- definition, importance, and application
• Myths about antibiotic resistance
• Vaccine development for COVID-19
• Infectious diseases now and before

Biomedical Research Topics

Biomedical research is an extensive process. It requires a lot of time, dedication, and resources. Getting a topic shouldn’t be added to that list. There are biomedical thesis topics and research topics in biomedical science for you here:

• Air pollution- sources, impact, and prevention
• Covid-19 vaccination- the effect on life expectancy
• Hyper insomnia- what is responsible?
• Alzheimer’s disease- newer treatment approaches
• Introduction of MRI compatible infusion pump

Biomedical Nanotechnology Topics

Biomedical research topics and areas now include nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has extended its tentacles to medicine and has been used to treat cancer successfully. This makes it a good research area. It is good for seminar presentations. Here are some biomedical nanotechnology topics below.

• The uses of functional particles and nanomaterials
• Nanoparticles based drug delivery system
• The incorporation of nanoporous membranes into biomedical devices
• Nanostructured materials for biological sensing
• Nanocrystals- imaging, transportation, and toxicity features

Seeking professional assistance to write your biomedical research or thesis? Look no further! At our reputable writing service, our experienced writers specialize in providing tailored support for the complexities of biomedical research. When you say, “ do my thesis for me ” we’re here to guide you through formulating research questions, conducting literature reviews, and analyzing data sets. Entrust the writing process to our experts while you focus on exploring the frontiers of biomedical research. Contact us today for a meticulously crafted thesis that enhances your chances of success.

We believe you have been thoroughly equipped with a list of biomedical topics. This way, you wouldn’t have to go through the stress of choosing a topic for research, seminars, or other educational purposes. Now that you have the topics at your fingertips make your choice and enjoy!

Frequently Asked Questions

Richard Ginger is a dissertation writer and freelance columnist with a wealth of knowledge and expertise in the writing industry. He handles every project he works on with precision while keeping attention to details and ensuring that every work he does is unique.

Succeed With A Perfect Dissertation

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

As Putin continues killing civilians, bombing kindergartens, and threatening WWIII, Ukraine fights for the world's peaceful future.

Ukraine Live Updates

104 Biomedicine Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on biomedicine, ✍️ biomedicine essay topics for college, 👍 good biomedicine research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting biomedicine research titles, 💡 simple biomedicine essay ideas, ❓ biomedical research questions.

• Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Health and Illness
• Application of Bioelectromagnetics in Medicine
• Biomedical View of Health
• Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Model
• Case Study of Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative
• Issues of Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative and Christian Vision
• Biomedical Ethics and Christianity: Balancing Patient’s Wellbeing and Trust in God
• Moral Character in “Principles of Biomedical Ethics“ by Beauchamp and Childress This paper aims to present a summary of “Moral Character” from “Principles of Biomedical Ethics” and provide a comprehensive outline and overview of the ideas described in it.
• Animal Use in Biomedical Research: Arguments For and Against It is important to check pros and cons of using animal testing in biomedical research before drawing conclusions either about supporting this technique or about its prohibiting.
• Biomedical Model: The Nurses and Midwives Council Code Biomedical model insists that there should be dialogue and negotiation between medical practitioners and patients.
• Ethical Issues in Biomedical Research The essay argues that Institutional Review Board should regulate ethical issues associated with research in developing countries.
• Biomedical Data in Probabilistic Decision-Making Probabilistic medical reasoning involves a complex process of determining a pre-test probability of outcomes of a certain decision, gathering more data through a test.
• Biotechnological Innovations in Medicine Biology has possibilities for developing new technologies in genetic engineering. Biotechnological innovations in medicine bear the separate name of biomedicine.
• Biomedical Technology and Innovation Issues Biomedical engineers at WPI have found a way to use spinach leaves to grow functioning human heart muscle, potentially solving a long-standing problem of repairing damaged organs.
• Animal Use in Biomedical Research Much attention of the whole society is paid to the problem of animal testing in the modern world. It is impossible to imagine modern biochemical research without using animals.
• Animal Testing: Use of Animal in Biomedical Research The research paper shall attempt to explore the reasons for and against the use of animal testing in biomedical research.
• The Use of Animals in Biomedical Research Biomedical research is a wide range of discipline that looks for ways to stop and cure diseases that produces sickness and death in individuals and animals.
• Research Ethics Specifics: Biomedical Research The ethical focus of medical practice and research is completely dependent on the professional competence and morality of the medical staff.
• Genetic Engineering Biomedical Ethics Perspectives Diverse perspectives ensure vivisection, bio, and genetic engineering activities, trying to deduce their significance in evolution, medicine, and society.
• Ethical and Bioethical Issues in Medicine As the overview of the ethical considerations behind abortion demonstrates, this life-related procedure involves high-level social and ethical issues.
• Transforming Biomedical Informatics and Literacy The Internet provides health-related information, including generally understandable symptoms, treatment options, and expected outcomes.
• Recovery Model at a Psychological and Biomedical Level The recovery model is a fundamental principle within the nursing realm since it guides decisions focusing on case administration.
• Biomedical Ethics: Pfizer’s Legal Trouble in Nigeria The discussion focuses more on the basic principles to apply when making ethically sound medical decisions namely; respect for autonomy, justice, non-maleficence, and beneficence.
• Allocation of the Scarce Biomedical Resources This paper aims to analyze the available approaches to solving the problem of the allocation of medical supplies and choose the most morally acceptable one.
• Dynamics of Biomedical Ethics and Autonomy The gradual but stable growth of individual autonomy in the field of biomedical ethics has changed how people react to rule when it comes to matters about the public.
• Biomedical Ethics and Christian Health Beliefs The provision of patient-centered care implies respecting patients’ cultural beliefs and ensuring the best health outcomes for this individual.
• Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Context Biomedical ethics is a field that many practitioners should take seriously. Healthcare providers should liaise with the targeted patients in order to provide competent care.
• Biomedical Legislation and Euthanasia Mercy killing can be regarded as an option in various settings as people often have no strength or patience to endure pain. Supporters of the legitimization of euthanasia emphasized this matter.
• Adolescents Annual Examination: Physical, Psychosocial, and Biomedical Screenings The pivotal goal of physical, psychosocial, and biomedical screenings is to detect potential health problems based on adolescents’ current health indicators.
• Christian Teachings vs. Biomedical Ethics: Illogical Decisions and Treatment Issues This paper shows the situation of James who has exposed his parents to an ethical dilemma as they are torn between following the physician’s directives or exercising their faith.
• Biomedical Ethics: Saving Life vs. Christian Narrative The report analyzes a case that revolves around biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative and examines the principles that apply to the case of Mike based on pre-prepared questions.
• Bioethics: Medical Help or Christian Beliefs? The patient’s parents are facing an ethical quandary that requires them to allow the medical practitioner to intervene or follow their Christian teachings.
• Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative Christians believe that God controls everything including people’s health. He creates diseases and makes people ill in order to reach some purpose and show His power.
• Translational Biomedical Informatics and Public Health The purpose of this paper is to analyze the way various technologies offered through translational biomedical informatics will influence population health.
• Reasons for and Against the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research Animal testing for purposes of facilitating medical and scientific research has elicited heated debates among proponents and opponents.
• Biomedical Ethics in Christian Narrative The case study demonstrates how religious beliefs, in this case, Christian beliefs have a negative influence on the treatment of a patient.
• Biomedical Ethics Study in the Christian Narrative The case study at hand contains several controversial issues that can be called pressing if regarded in the context of the Christian narrative and Christian vision.
• Bioethics: the Use of Marijuana for Medical Purposes Bioethicists should use the best ideas in order to deal with the controversies associated with medical marijuana. Some health practitioners support the use of marijuana for medical purposes.
• Bioethical Governance and Basic Stem Cell Science: China and the Global Biomedicine Economy
• Credibility, Replicability, and Reproducibility in Simulation for Biomedicine and Clinical Applications in Neuroscience
• Arguments for and Against Using Stem Cells in Biomedical Research and Medicine
• Biomedicine Globalized and Localized: Western Medical Practices in an Outpatient Clinic of a Mexican Hospital
• Threats Towards Radical Innovation in the Biomedical Industry: From a Pharmaceutical Perspective
• Exploring the Boundaries Between Alternative Medicine and Biomedicine
• Biomedicine: Scientific Medicine Prominent in Western Societies
• Functional Craniology and Brain Evolution: From Paleontology to Biomedicine
• Male Health and Understanding Through Biomedical, Psychological, and Sociological Disciplines
• Connections Matter: How Personal Network Structure Influences Biomedical Scientists’ Engagement in Medical Innovation
• Frankenstein: Playing God Advancements in Biomedical Technology
• The Era of Biomedicine: Science, Medicine, and Public Health in Britain and France After the Second World War
• Medical Evolution: From the Biomedical to the Biopsychosocial Approach
• Biomedical Models and How Social Trends Can Affect It as a Dominant Model of Healthcare
• Small Advances Amount to Big Changes in Biomedical Sciences
• Injections and the Fear of Death: The Limits of Biomedicine Among the Dagomba of Northern Ghana
• Where Excludability Matters: Material Versus Intellectual Property in Academic Biomedical Research
• Discovering Discoveries: Identifying Biomedical Discoveries Using Citation Contexts
• Toward New Models for Innovative Governance of Biomedicine and Health Technologies
• Biomedicine and Prevention: A Public Health Perspective
• Efficient Equipment Management for Biomedical Engineering Department in the Hospital
• Cardiac Biomedicine: Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure Draft
• Does Alternative Medicine Present a Challenge to Biomedicine?
• Biomedical and Traditional Chinese Medicine Views on Lower Back Pain
• Chinese Traditional Medicine System vs Western Biomedicine
• Biomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sales of Organs
• How Sociological and Lay Ideas About Illness Differ From Those of Biomedicine
• The Sociable and Biomedical Mistreatment of Disabled Women
• Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Care in Mental Health Nursing
• Better Patient Outcomes Through Mining of Biomedical Big Data
• Sleep, Health, and the Dynamics of Biomedicine
• Biomedical and Psychotherapy: Approaches to Treating Psychological Disorders
• Examining Western Biomedicine and Shamanism
• Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Care
• Difference Between Biopsychosocial and Biomedical Models for Dealing With Diseases
• Understanding Eating Disorders Through a Biomedical Model
• Biomedical Nanotechnology Related Grand Challenges and Perspectives
• Exploring the Emerging Biomedical Technology of Cardiac Tissue
• Implications of Breast Cancer Activism for Biomedical Policies and Practices
• Biopsychosocial vs. Biomedical Model in Clinical Practice
• The Ethical Debate Surrounding Biomedical Technologies
• Why Is Biomedicine So Important in Our Society?
• How Does the Biomedical Model View Mental Health?
• What Is the Goal of Biomedicine?
• Can Collaborative Programs Between Biomedical and African Indigenous Health Practitioners Succeed?
• What Is Biomedical Instrumentation Technology?
• Is Biomedicine Related to Medicine?
• What Is the Difference Between Biomedicine and Medicine as Fields of Study?
• Is Biomedicine a Good Option to Study Referring to Job Opportunities?
• What Is the Meaning of Biomedicine in Science?
• Does Biomedicine Have a Future?
• What Are the Benefits of Biomedicine?
• How Does Biomedicine View the Body?
• What Is the Use of Biomedicine?
• Why Is Biomedicine Important for the Healthcare Industry?
• How Has HIV and AIDS Research and Intervention Influenced the Biomedical Paradigm of Research and Ethics?
• What Skills Are Needed for Biomedicine?
• Which Is the Best Method for the Management of Biomedical Waste?
• What Are Some Ethical Issues in Biomedical Research?
• Is There a High Demand for Biomedical Engineers?
• What Is Biomedical Ethics in Healthcare?
• How Many Principles of Biomedical Ethics Are There?
• What Is the Application of Biomedical Engineering?
• Why Is Biomedical Technology Important?
• How Is the Biomedical Model Used in Healthcare?
• What Is the Difference Between Biomedical Model and Biopsychosocial Model?

Cite this post

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2022, July 14). 104 Biomedicine Essay Topics. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/biomedicine-essay-topics/

"104 Biomedicine Essay Topics." StudyCorgi , 14 July 2022, studycorgi.com/ideas/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2022) '104 Biomedicine Essay Topics'. 14 July.

1. StudyCorgi . "104 Biomedicine Essay Topics." July 14, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "104 Biomedicine Essay Topics." July 14, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2022. "104 Biomedicine Essay Topics." July 14, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/biomedicine-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Biomedicine were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on December 27, 2023 .

77 interesting medical research topics for 2024

Last updated

25 November 2023

Reviewed by

Brittany Ferri, PhD, OTR/L

Medical research is the gateway to improved patient care and expanding our available treatment options. However, finding a relevant and compelling research topic can be challenging.

Use this article as a jumping-off point to select an interesting medical research topic for your next paper or clinical study.

• How to choose a medical research topic

When choosing a research topic , it’s essential to consider a couple of things. What topics interest you? What unanswered questions do you want to address? 

During the decision-making and brainstorming process, here are a few helpful tips to help you pick the right medical research topic:

Focus on a particular field of study

The best medical research is specific to a particular area. Generalized studies are often too broad to produce meaningful results, so we advise picking a specific niche early in the process. 

Maybe a certain topic interests you, or your industry knowledge reveals areas of need.

Look into commonly researched topics

Once you’ve chosen your research field, do some preliminary research. What have other academics done in their papers and projects? 

From this list, you can focus on specific topics that interest you without accidentally creating a copycat project. This groundwork will also help you uncover any literature gaps—those may be beneficial areas for research.

Get curious and ask questions

Now you can get curious. Ask questions that start with why, how, or what. These questions are the starting point of your project design and will act as your guiding light throughout the process. 

For example: 

What impact does pollution have on children’s lung function in inner-city neighborhoods? 

Why is pollution-based asthma on the rise? 

How can we address pollution-induced asthma in young children? 

• 77 medical research topics worth exploring in 2023

Need some research inspiration for your upcoming paper or clinical study? We’ve compiled a list of 77 topical and in-demand medical research ideas. Let’s take a look. 

• Exciting new medical research topics

If you want to study cutting-edge topics, here are some exciting options:

COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms

Since 2020, COVID-19 has been a hot-button topic in medicine, along with the long-term symptoms in those with a history of COVID-19. 

Examples of COVID-19-related research topics worth exploring include:

The long-term impact of COVID-19 on cardiac and respiratory health

COVID-19 vaccination rates

The evolution of COVID-19 symptoms over time

New variants and strains of the COVID-19 virus

Changes in social behavior and public health regulations amid COVID-19

Vaccinations

Finding ways to cure or reduce the disease burden of chronic infectious diseases is a crucial research area. Vaccination is a powerful option and a great topic to research. 

Examples of vaccination-related research topics include:

mRNA vaccines for viral infections

Biomaterial vaccination capabilities

Vaccination rates based on location, ethnicity, or age

Public opinion about vaccination safety 

Artificial tissues fabrication

With the need for donor organs increasing, finding ways to fabricate artificial bioactive tissues (and possibly organs) is a popular research area. 

Examples of artificial tissue-related research topics you can study include:

The viability of artificially printed tissues

Tissue substrate and building block material studies

The ethics and efficacy of artificial tissue creation

• Medical research topics for medical students

For many medical students, research is a big driver for entering healthcare. If you’re a medical student looking for a research topic, here are some great ideas to work from:

Sleep disorders

Poor sleep quality is a growing problem, and it can significantly impact a person’s overall health. 

Examples of sleep disorder-related research topics include:

How stress affects sleep quality

The prevalence and impact of insomnia on patients with mental health conditions

Possible triggers for sleep disorder development

The impact of poor sleep quality on psychological and physical health

How melatonin supplements impact sleep quality

Alzheimer’s and dementia 

Cognitive conditions like dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are on the rise worldwide. They currently have no cure. As a result, research about these topics is in high demand. 

Examples of dementia-related research topics you could explore include:

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in a chosen population

Early onset symptoms of dementia

Possible triggers or causes of cognitive decline with age

Treatment options for dementia-like conditions

The mental and physical burden of caregiving for patients with dementia

• Lifestyle habits and public health

Modern lifestyles have profoundly impacted the average person’s daily habits, and plenty of interesting topics explore its effects. 

Examples of lifestyle and public health-related research topics include:

The nutritional intake of college students

The impact of chronic work stress on overall health

The rise of upper back and neck pain from laptop use

Prevalence and cause of repetitive strain injuries (RSI)

• Controversial medical research paper topics

Medical research is a hotbed of controversial topics, content, and areas of study. 

If you want to explore a more niche (and attention-grabbing) concept, here are some controversial medical research topics worth looking into:

The benefits and risks of medical cannabis

Depending on where you live, the legalization and use of cannabis for medical conditions is controversial for the general public and healthcare providers.

Examples of medical cannabis-related research topics that might grab your attention include:

The legalization process of medical cannabis

The impact of cannabis use on developmental milestones in youth users

Cannabis and mental health diagnoses

CBD’s impact on chronic pain

Prevalence of cannabis use in young people

The impact of maternal cannabis use on fetal development 

Understanding how THC impacts cognitive function

Human genetics

The Human Genome Project identified, mapped, and sequenced all human DNA genes. Its completion in 2003 opened up a world of exciting and controversial studies in human genetics.

Examples of human genetics-related research topics worth delving into include:

Medical genetics and the incidence of genetic-based health disorders

Behavioral genetics differences between identical twins

Genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders

Machine learning technologies for genetic research

Sexual health studies

Human sexuality and sexual health are important (yet often stigmatized) medical topics that need new research and analysis.

As a diverse field ranging from sexual orientation studies to sexual pathophysiology, examples of sexual health-related research topics include:

The incidence of sexually transmitted infections within a chosen population

Mental health conditions within the LGBTQIA+ community

The impact of untreated sexually transmitted infections

Access to safe sex resources (condoms, dental dams, etc.) in rural areas

• Health and wellness research topics

Human wellness and health are trendy topics in modern medicine as more people are interested in finding natural ways to live healthier lifestyles. 

If this field of study interests you, here are some big topics in the wellness space:

Gluten sensitivity

Gluten allergies and intolerances have risen over the past few decades. If you’re interested in exploring this topic, your options range in severity from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to full-blown anaphylaxis. 

Some examples of gluten sensitivity-related research topics include:

The pathophysiology and incidence of Celiac disease

Early onset symptoms of gluten intolerance

The prevalence of gluten allergies within a set population

Gluten allergies and the incidence of other gastrointestinal health conditions

Pollution and lung health

Living in large urban cities means regular exposure to high levels of pollutants. 

As more people become interested in protecting their lung health, examples of impactful lung health and pollution-related research topics include:

The extent of pollution in densely packed urban areas

The prevalence of pollution-based asthma in a set population

Lung capacity and function in young people

The benefits and risks of steroid therapy for asthma

Pollution risks based on geographical location

Plant-based diets

Plant-based diets like vegan and paleo diets are emerging trends in healthcare due to their limited supporting research. 

If you’re interested in learning more about the potential benefits or risks of holistic, diet-based medicine, examples of plant-based diet research topics to explore include:

Vegan and plant-based diets as part of disease management

Potential risks and benefits of specific plant-based diets

Plant-based diets and their impact on body mass index

The effect of diet and lifestyle on chronic disease management

Health supplements

Supplements are a multi-billion dollar industry. Many health-conscious people take supplements, including vitamins, minerals, herbal medicine, and more. 

Examples of health supplement-related research topics worth investigating include:

Omega-3 fish oil safety and efficacy for cardiac patients

The benefits and risks of regular vitamin D supplementation

Health supplementation regulation and product quality

The impact of social influencer marketing on consumer supplement practices

Analyzing added ingredients in protein powders

• Healthcare research topics

Working within the healthcare industry means you have insider knowledge and opportunity. Maybe you’d like to research the overall system, administration, and inherent biases that disrupt access to quality care. 

While these topics are essential to explore, it is important to note that these studies usually require approval and oversight from an Institutional Review Board (IRB). This ensures the study is ethical and does not harm any subjects. 

For this reason, the IRB sets protocols that require additional planning, so consider this when mapping out your study’s timeline. 

Here are some examples of trending healthcare research areas worth pursuing:

The pros and cons of electronic health records

The rise of electronic healthcare charting and records has forever changed how medical professionals and patients interact with their health data. 

Examples of electronic health record-related research topics include:

The number of medication errors reported during a software switch

Nurse sentiment analysis of electronic charting practices

Ethical and legal studies into encrypting and storing personal health data

Inequities within healthcare access

Many barriers inhibit people from accessing the quality medical care they need. These issues result in health disparities and injustices. 

Examples of research topics about health inequities include:

The impact of social determinants of health in a set population

Early and late-stage cancer stage diagnosis in urban vs. rural populations

Affordability of life-saving medications

Health insurance limitations and their impact on overall health

Diagnostic and treatment rates across ethnicities

People who belong to an ethnic minority are more likely to experience barriers and restrictions when trying to receive quality medical care. This is due to systemic healthcare racism and bias. 

As a result, diagnostic and treatment rates in minority populations are a hot-button field of research. Examples of ethnicity-based research topics include:

Cancer biopsy rates in BIPOC women

The prevalence of diabetes in Indigenous communities

Access inequalities in women’s health preventative screenings

The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in Black populations

• Pharmaceutical research topics

Large pharmaceutical companies are incredibly interested in investing in research to learn more about potential cures and treatments for diseases. 

If you’re interested in building a career in pharmaceutical research, here are a few examples of in-demand research topics:

Cancer treatment options

Clinical research is in high demand as pharmaceutical companies explore novel cancer treatment options outside of chemotherapy and radiation. 

Examples of cancer treatment-related research topics include:

Stem cell therapy for cancer

Oncogenic gene dysregulation and its impact on disease

Cancer-causing viral agents and their risks

Treatment efficacy based on early vs. late-stage cancer diagnosis

Cancer vaccines and targeted therapies

Immunotherapy for cancer

Pain medication alternatives

Historically, opioid medications were the primary treatment for short- and long-term pain. But, with the opioid epidemic getting worse, the need for alternative pain medications has never been more urgent. 

Examples of pain medication-related research topics include:

Opioid withdrawal symptoms and risks

Early signs of pain medication misuse

Anti-inflammatory medications for pain control

• Identify trends in your medical research with Dovetail

Are you interested in contributing life-changing research? Today’s medical research is part of the future of clinical patient care. 

As your go-to resource for speedy and accurate data analysis , we are proud to partner with healthcare researchers to innovate and improve the future of healthcare.

Should you be using a customer insights hub?

Do you want to discover previous research faster?

Do you share your research findings with others?

Do you analyze research data?

Start for free today, add your research, and get to key insights faster

Editor’s picks

Last updated: 13 April 2023

Last updated: 14 February 2024

Last updated: 27 January 2024

Last updated: 18 April 2023

Last updated: 8 February 2023

Last updated: 23 January 2024

Last updated: 30 January 2024

Last updated: 7 February 2023

Last updated: 18 May 2023

Last updated: 31 January 2024

Last updated: 13 May 2024

Latest articles

Related topics, .css-je19u9{-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;row-gap:0;text-align:center;max-width:671px;}@media (max-width: 1079px){.css-je19u9{max-width:400px;}.css-je19u9>span{white-space:pre;}}@media (max-width: 799px){.css-je19u9{max-width:400px;}.css-je19u9>span{white-space:pre;}} decide what to .css-1kiodld{max-height:56px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (max-width: 1079px){.css-1kiodld{display:none;}} build next, decide what to build next.

Users report unexpectedly high data usage, especially during streaming sessions.

Users find it hard to navigate from the home page to relevant playlists in the app.

It would be great to have a sleep timer feature, especially for bedtime listening.

I need better filters to find the songs or artists I’m looking for.

Log in or sign up

Get started for free

Biomedical Research Paper Topics

This page offers students an extensive list of biomedical research paper topics , expert advice on how to choose these topics, and guidance on how to write a compelling biomedical research paper. The guide also introduces the services of iResearchNet, an academic assistance company that caters to the unique needs of each student. Offering expert writers, custom-written works, and a host of other features, iResearchNet provides the tools and support necessary for students to excel in their biomedical research papers.

100 Biomedical Research Paper Topics

Biomedical research is a vibrant field, with an extensive range of topics drawn from various sub-disciplines. It encompasses the study of biological processes, clinical medicine, and even technology and engineering applied to the domain of healthcare. Given the sheer breadth of this field, choosing a specific topic can sometimes be overwhelming. To help you navigate this rich landscape, here is a list of biomedical research paper topics, divided into ten categories, each with ten specific topics.

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

Get 10% off with 24start discount code.

1. Genetics and Genomics

• Role of genetics in rare diseases
• Advances in gene editing: CRISPR technology
• Human genome project: findings and implications
• Genetic basis of cancer
• Personalized medicine through genomics
• Epigenetic modifications and disease progression
• Genomic data privacy and ethical implications
• Role of genetics in mental health disorders
• Prenatal genetic screening and ethical considerations
• Gene therapy in rare genetic disorders

2. Bioengineering and Biotechnology

• Tissue engineering in regenerative medicine
• Bioprinting of organs: possibilities and challenges
• Role of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery
• Biosensors in disease diagnosis
• Bioinformatics in drug discovery
• Development and application of biomaterials
• Bioremediation and environmental cleanup
• Biotechnology in agriculture and food production
• Therapeutic applications of stem cells
• Role of biotechnology in pandemic preparedness

3. Neuroscience and Neurology

• Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease
• Advances in Parkinson’s disease research
• Role of neuroimaging in mental health diagnosis
• Understanding the brain-gut axis
• Neurobiology of addiction
• Role of neuroplasticity in recovery from brain injury
• Sleep disorders and cognitive function
• Brain-computer interfaces: possibilities and ethical issues
• Neural correlates of consciousness
• Epigenetic influence on neurodevelopmental disorders

4. Immunology

• Immune response to COVID-19
• Role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment
• Autoimmune diseases: causes and treatments
• Vaccination and herd immunity
• The hygiene hypothesis and rising allergy prevalence
• Role of gut microbiota in immune function
• Immunosenescence and age-related diseases
• Role of inflammation in chronic diseases
• Advances in HIV/AIDS research
• Immunology of transplantation

5. Cardiovascular Research

• Advances in understanding and treating heart failure
• Role of lifestyle factors in cardiovascular disease
• Cardiovascular disease in women
• Hypertension: causes and treatments
• Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis
• Role of inflammation in heart disease
• Novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease
• Personalized medicine in cardiology
• Advances in cardiac surgery
• Pediatric cardiovascular diseases

6. Infectious Diseases

• Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
• Role of antiviral drugs in managing viral diseases
• Antibiotic resistance: causes and solutions
• Zoonotic diseases and public health
• Role of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases
• Infectious diseases in immunocompromised individuals
• Role of genomic sequencing in tracking disease outbreaks
• HIV/AIDS: prevention and treatment
• Advances in malaria research
• Tuberculosis: challenges in prevention and treatment

7. Aging Research

• Biological mechanisms of aging
• Impact of lifestyle on healthy aging
• Age-related macular degeneration
• Role of genetics in longevity
• Aging and cognitive decline
• Social aspects of aging
• Advances in geriatric medicine
• Aging and the immune system
• Role of physical activity in aging
• Aging and mental health

8. Endocrinology

• Advances in diabetes research
• Obesity: causes and health implications
• Thyroid disorders: causes and treatments
• Role of hormones in mental health
• Endocrine disruptors and human health
• Role of insulin in metabolic syndrome
• Advances in treatment of endocrine disorders
• Hormones and cardiovascular health
• Reproductive endocrinology
• Role of endocrinology in aging

9. Mental Health Research

• Advances in understanding and treating depression
• Impact of stress on mental health
• Advances in understanding and treating schizophrenia
• Child and adolescent mental health
• Mental health in the elderly
• Impact of social media on mental health
• Suicide prevention and mental health services
• Role of psychotherapy in mental health
• Mental health disparities

10. Oncology

• Advances in cancer immunotherapy
• Role of genomics in cancer diagnosis and treatment
• Lifestyle factors and cancer risk
• Early detection and prevention of cancer
• Advances in targeted cancer therapies
• Role of radiation therapy in cancer treatment
• Cancer disparities and social determinants of health
• Pediatric oncology: challenges and advances
• Role of stem cells in cancer
• Cancer survivorship and quality of life

These biomedical research paper topics represent a wide array of studies within the field of biomedical research, providing a robust platform to delve into the intricacies of human health and disease. Each topic offers a unique opportunity to explore the remarkable advancements in biomedical research, contributing to the ongoing quest to enhance human health and wellbeing.

Choosing Biomedical Research Paper Topics

The selection of a suitable topic for your biomedical research paper is a critical initial step that will largely influence the course of your study. The right topic will not only engage your interest but will also be robust enough to contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Here are ten tips to guide you in choosing the best topic for your biomedical research paper.

• Relevance to Your Coursework and Interests: Your topic should align with the courses you have taken or are currently enrolled in. Moreover, a topic that piques your interest will motivate you to delve deeper into research, resulting in a richer, more nuanced paper.
• Feasibility: Consider the practicality of your proposed research. Do you have access to the necessary resources, including the literature, laboratories, or databases needed for your study? Ensure that your topic is one that you can manage given your resources and time constraints.
• Novelty and Originality: While it is essential to ensure your topic aligns with your coursework and is feasible, strive to select a topic that brings a new perspective or fresh insight to your field. Originality enhances the contribution of your research to the broader academic community.
• Scope: A well-defined topic helps maintain a clear focus during your research. Avoid choosing a topic too broad that it becomes unmanageable, or so narrow that it lacks depth. Balancing the scope of your research is key to a successful paper.
• Future Career Goals: Consider how your chosen topic could align with or benefit your future career goals. A topic related to your future interests can provide an early start to your career, showcasing your knowledge in that particular field.
• Available Supervision and Mentoring: If you’re in a setting where you have a mentor or supervisor, choose a topic that fits within their area of expertise. This choice will ensure you have the best possible guidance during your research process.
• Ethical Considerations: Some topics may involve ethical considerations, particularly those involving human subjects, animals, or sensitive data. Make sure your topic is ethically sound and you’re prepared to address any related ethical considerations.
• Potential Impact: Consider the potential impact of your research on the field of biomedical science. The best research often addresses a gap in the current knowledge or has the potential to bring about change in healthcare practices or policies.
• Literature Gap: Literature review can help identify gaps in the existing body of knowledge. Choosing a topic that fills in these gaps can make your research more valuable and unique.
• Flexibility: While it’s essential to start with a clear topic, remain open to slight shifts or changes as your research unfolds. Your research might reveal a different angle or a more exciting question within your chosen field, so stay flexible.

Remember, choosing a topic should be an iterative process, and your initial ideas will likely evolve as you conduct a preliminary literature review and discuss your thoughts with your mentors or peers. The ultimate goal is to choose a topic that you are passionate about, as this passion will drive your work and make the research process more enjoyable and fulfilling.

How to Write a Biomedical Research Paper

Writing a biomedical research paper can be a daunting task. However, with careful planning and strategic execution, the process can be more manageable and rewarding. Below are ten tips to help guide you through the process of writing a biomedical research paper.

• Understand Your Assignment: Before you begin your research or writing, make sure you understand the requirements of your assignment. Know the expected length, due date, formatting style, and any specific sections or components you need to include.
• Thorough Literature Review: A comprehensive literature review allows you to understand the current knowledge in your research area and identify gaps where your research can contribute. It will help you shape your research question and place your work in context.
• Clearly Define Your Research Question: A well-defined research question guides your research and keeps your writing focused. It should be clear, specific, and concise, serving as the backbone of your study.
• Prepare a Detailed Outline: An outline helps organize your thoughts and create a roadmap for your paper. It should include all the sections of your research paper, such as the introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion.
• Follow the IMRaD Structure: Most biomedical research papers follow the IMRaD format—Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This structure facilitates the orderly and logical presentation of your research.
• Use Clear and Concise Language: Biomedical research papers should be written in a clear and concise manner to ensure the reader understands the research’s purpose, methods, and findings. Avoid unnecessary jargon and ensure that complex ideas are explained clearly.
• Proper Citation and Reference: Always properly cite the sources of information you use in your paper. This not only provides credit where it’s due but also allows your readers to follow your line of research. Be sure to follow the citation style specified in your assignment.
• Discuss the Implications: In your discussion, go beyond simply restating your findings. Discuss the implications of your results, how they relate to previous research, and how they contribute to the existing knowledge in the field.
• Proofread and Edit: Never underestimate the importance of proofreading and editing. Checking for grammatical errors, punctuation mistakes, and clarity of language can enhance the readability of your paper.
• Seek Feedback Before Final Submission: Before submitting your paper, seek feedback from peers, mentors, or supervisors. Fresh eyes can often spot unclear sections or errors that you may have missed.

Writing a biomedical research paper is a significant academic endeavor, but remember that every researcher started where you are right now. It’s a process that requires time, effort, and patience. Remember, the ultimate goal is not just to get a good grade but also to contribute to the vast body of biomedical knowledge.

iResearchNet’s Custom Writing Services

Navigating the process of writing a biomedical research paper can be complex and demanding. At iResearchNet, we understand these challenges and strive to offer a stress-free, seamless solution to support your academic journey. With our roster of highly skilled, degree-holding writers, we are committed to delivering top-quality, custom-written papers tailored specifically to your individual requirements and desired outcomes.

• Expert Degree-Holding Writers: iResearchNet takes pride in our team of knowledgeable and experienced writers who hold advanced degrees in diverse fields. These writers are not only academic experts but are also keenly in tune with the complex landscape of biomedical research. This breadth and depth of expertise ensure that your paper benefits from a thorough understanding of the topic, resulting in a well-informed, academically credible document.
• Custom Written Works: We appreciate the unique academic goals and distinct requirements of each student. That’s why iResearchNet specializes in providing custom-written papers. Our aim is to capture your individual academic voice and perspective, blending it with our professional acumen to create a paper that reflects your specific academic needs and aspirations.
• In-Depth Research: Every paper that we produce is founded on the bedrock of extensive and in-depth research. Our writers are committed to exploring a wide range of credible and reputable sources to enrich your paper with diverse viewpoints and comprehensive information. This dedication to rigorous research ensures that your paper is not only thoroughly informed but also accurately referenced, adding to its academic integrity.
• Custom Formatting: Academic institutions often require different formatting styles. Be it APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, or Harvard, our writers are adept at all these academic formatting styles. We strive to adhere strictly to your specified formatting style, contributing to the polished and professional presentation of your paper.
• Top Quality: Quality is the cornerstone of our services at iResearchNet. We believe that each paper we craft should demonstrate a high standard of scholarship. Our writers dedicate their skills and effort to ensure every aspect of your paper, from clarity of language to depth of analysis and precision of information, reflects top-quality work.
• Customized Solutions: Recognizing that each research paper brings a distinct set of challenges and requirements, we offer customized solutions. Our approach is to thoroughly understand your specific needs and shape our writing services accordingly. We ensure that every aspect of your paper, from its overarching structure to the smallest details, aligns with your expectations.
• Flexible Pricing: We believe that high-quality academic writing services should be accessible. That’s why we offer our top-quality services at competitive prices, striking a careful balance between affordability and excellence. We provide a range of pricing options designed to cater to various budget needs without compromising on the quality of our services.
• Short Deadlines: Facing a fast-approaching deadline can be nerve-wracking. But with iResearchNet, you need not worry. Our expert writers are skilled at delivering high-quality papers under tight deadlines, even as short as three hours. Despite the time pressure, we ensure that the quality of your paper remains top-notch.
• Timely Delivery: At iResearchNet, we understand the critical importance of adhering to deadlines in the academic world. We commit to the timely delivery of all orders, ensuring that you are always able to submit your work on time. With our service, you can put aside worries about late submissions.
• 24/7 Support: Academic queries or concerns can arise at any time, and we are here to assist you around the clock. We have a dedicated support team ready to answer your questions, address your concerns, or simply provide guidance about your project, at any time of the day or night.
• Absolute Privacy: Your privacy is of utmost importance to us. All personal and financial information you share with us is handled with the highest level of confidentiality and security. Our strict privacy policies ensure that your details remain safe and private.
• Easy Order Tracking: We believe in providing a seamless experience for our clients. With our user-friendly platform, you can track your order’s progress easily and stay updated on your paper’s status. This feature provides real-time status reports, giving you peace of mind and assurance about the progress of your work.
• Money Back Guarantee: Your satisfaction is our ultimate goal. We strive to meet your expectations, but if for any reason the final work falls short, we offer a money-back guarantee. This policy is a testament to our confidence in the quality of our services and our commitment to your academic success.

At iResearchNet, we strive to be more than just a writing service provider. We aspire to be a trusted academic partner, providing support and expertise to help you navigate the complexities of writing a biomedical research paper. With our combination of expert knowledge, high commitment to quality, and excellent customer service, we are the ideal choice for all your academic writing needs.

Start Your Journey to Academic Success with iResearchNet Today!

Are you ready to elevate your academic journey and achieve your full potential? At iResearchNet, we are prepared to be your trusted partner every step of the way. Our team of expert writers, experienced in biomedical research, are ready and waiting to transform your academic vision into a top-quality, custom-written biomedical research paper that meets all your requirements.

Navigating the complexities of biomedical research can be overwhelming, but with iResearchNet, you don’t have to do it alone. Our dedicated team of professionals is committed to taking the stress out of the writing process, allowing you to focus on your learning. Imagine the relief of knowing your assignment is in the hands of experienced, degree-holding experts who are passionate about your success. With our meticulous research and thorough understanding of biomedical topics, we guarantee a paper that not only meets but surpasses your expectations.

From in-depth research and custom formatting to a final product that reflects the highest academic standards, iResearchNet provides a comprehensive solution for your academic needs. And it’s not just about delivering excellent papers. Our commitment extends to providing an exceptional experience marked by 24/7 support, absolute privacy, and a transparent order tracking system.

The clock is ticking, and your academic success is just a click away. Don’t let the opportunity to excel in your biomedical research paper slip through your fingers. Reach out to us today to start your journey with iResearchNet. You bring your academic aspirations, and we’ll bring our expertise and commitment. Together, let’s make your academic dreams come true.

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Int J Endocrinol Metab
• v.16(4); 2018 Oct

The Principles of Biomedical Scientific Writing: Introduction

Zahra bahadoran.

1 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Sajad Jeddi

2 Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Parvin Mirmiran

Asghar ghasemi.

A well-written introduction of a scientific paper provides relevant background knowledge to convince the readers about the rationale, importance, and novelty of the research. The introduction should inform the readers about the “problem”, “existing solutions”, and “main limitations or gaps of knowledge”. The authors’ hypothesis and methodological approach used to examine the research hypothesis should also be stated. After reading a good introduction, readers should be guided through “a general context” to “a specific area” and “a research question”. Incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated reviews of the literature are the more common pitfalls of an introduction that may lead to rejection. This review focuses on the principles of writing the introduction of an article and provides a quick look at the essential points that should be considered for writing an optimal introduction.

1. Introduction

Writing scientific papers is currently the most accepted outlet of research dissemination and scientific contribution. A scientific paper is structured by four main sections according to IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) style ( 1 ).

To quote Plato, the Greek philosopher, “the beginning is half of the whole”, and the introduction is probably one of the most difficult sections in writing a paper ( 2 ). For writing introduction of a scientific paper, a “deductive approach” is generally used; deduction is the reasoning used to apply general theories and principles to reach specific consequences or hypotheses ( 3 ).

The initial impression of readers about writing style, the overall quality of research, validity of its findings, and the conclusion is strongly influenced by the introduction ( 4 ). A poor introduction misleads the readers about the content of the paper, possibly discouraging them from reading the subsequent sections; a well-written introduction, however, convinces the reader about the research logic ( 4 , 5 ). A good introduction is hence the main challenge faced by authors when drafting a research manuscript ( 2 ).

Historically, writing an introduction as an independent section of a research paper was underscored in the 1980s ( 6 ). Studies available on scientific writing provide evidence emphasizing the complexity of the compositional process of writing an introduction; these studies concluded that “introduction is not just wrestling with words to fit the facts, but it is also strongly modulated by perceptions of the anticipated reactions of peer-colleagues” ( 6 ).

Although there is no single correct way to organize different components of a research paper ( 7 ), scientific writing is an experimental science ( 7 ), and several guides have been developed to improve the quality of research disseminations ( 8 - 11 ). Typically, an introduction contains a summary of relevant literature and background knowledge, highlights the gap of knowledge, states the research question or hypothesis, and describes the methodological approach used to fill in the gap and respond to the question ( 12 - 14 ). Some believe that introduction can be a major context for debate about research methodology ( 6 ).

This review focuses on the principles of writing the introduction section and provides a quick look at the main points that must be considered for writing a good introduction.

2. Functions of the Introduction

The introduction of a scientific paper may be described as the gate to a city ( 5 ). It may also resemble a mental road map that should elucidate “the known”, “the unknown”, and “the new knowledge added by findings of the current study” ( 4 ); it presents the background knowledge to convince the readers of the importance of data added to that available in the field ( 15 ); in addition, the introduction sets the scene for readers ( 16 ) and paves the way for what is to follow ( 17 ). The introduction should be tailored to the journal to which the manuscript is being submitted ( 18 ). It has two functions, to be informative enough for understanding the paper and to evoke the reader’s interest ( 19 , 20 ). An introduction should serve as a hook, informing the readers of the question they should expect the paper to address ( 7 ). “A good introduction will sell the study to editors, reviewers, and readers” ( 18 , 21 ).

3. Common Models of Writing an Introduction

A historical overview of scientific writing shows that several models have been proposed overtime on how to organize the introduction of a research paper. One of the most common approaches is the “problem-solving model” developed in 1979; according to this model, a series of subcontexts including “goal”, “current capacity”, “problem”, “solution”, and “criteria for evaluation” have been described ( 6 ). The structure of this model could vary across disciplines ( 22 , 23 ).

Another popular model proposed is “creating a research space”, which mainly focuses on “the dark side” of the issue; this model, is usually known as CARS (create-a-research-space) model and follows three moves including establishing a territory (the situation), establishing a niche (the problem), and occupying a niche (the solution) ( 24 , 25 ). This model can be modified to a four-move model by expanding move 3 to include a “concluding step” when it is required to explain the structure of remaining parts of the paper ( 6 , 25 ).

4. A Typical Model of Introduction

In this paper, we focused on a typical model of introduction commonly used in biomedical papers. As shown in Figure 1 , the form of introduction is a funnel or an inverted pyramid, from large to small or broad to narrow ( 7 , 16 , 19 , 26 ). The largest part of the funnel at the top describes the general context/topic and the importance of the study; the funnel then narrows down to the gap of knowledge, and ends with the authors’ hypothesis or aim of the study and the methodological approach used to examine the research hypothesis ( 18 , 26 ). In fact, introduction presents research ideas flowing from general to specific ( 27 ). As given below, in hypothesis-testing papers, the introduction usually consists of 2 - 3 ( 28 ) and sometimes 4 paragraphs ( 16 ), including the known, the unknown (knowledge gap), hypothesis/question or specific topic, and sometimes the approach ( 16 , 19 ). Some authors end the introduction with essential findings of the paper ( 29 ). It has, however, been argued that the introduction should not include results or conclusion from the work being reported ( 2 , 16 , 20 ), as readers would then lose their interest in reading the rest of the manuscript ( 2 ). The introduction may also be expanded by including some uncommon parts like “future implications of the work” ( 30 ).

4.1. The Known

In this section, a brief summary of background information is provided to present the general topic of the paper ( 20 ). This section should arouse and build the audience’s attention and interest in the hypothesis/question or specific topic ( 29 ). This part may be considered the same as move 1 of the CARS model and includes “claiming importance”, “making topic generalizations”, and “reviewing items of previous research” ( 22 , 24 ).

Besides the different roles proposed for citation, its primary motive is believed to be “perceived relevance” ( 31 ). It is important that the review of literature be complete, fair, balanced ( 29 ), to the point ( 19 ), and directly related to the study ( 16 ); it should not be too long or contain a very detailed review of literature ( 7 , 28 ) or a complete history of the field ( 9 ). Depending on the audience ( 16 ), authors should include background information that they think readers need for following the rest of the paper ( 16 ).

Contrary to the current view that the introduction should be short and act as a prelude to the manuscript itself, another opinion, however, suggests this section provides a complete introduction to the subject ( 32 ). Sweeping generalizations (i.e., applying a general rule to a specific situation) should be avoided in the first (the opening) sentence of the introduction ( 8 ). The first three sentences of the first paragraph should present the issue that will be addressed by the paper ( 8 ). If the general topic be presented in the very first word of a very short sentence, the reader is able to immediately focus on and understand the issue ( 30 ).

4.2. The Unknown/Gap of Knowledge

The importance and novelty of the work should be stated in the introduction ( 19 ). This section describes the gaps in our present understanding of the field and why it is necessary that these gaps in data be filled ( 29 ). In this section, the author should present limitations of prior studies, needed (but currently unavailable) information, or an unsolved problem and highlight the importance of the missing pieces of the puzzle ( 16 ). This section provides information to justify the aim of the study, that is, it provides rationale for the readers to convince them ( 8 , 20 ); however, one-sided or biased views of controversial issues should be avoided ( 33 ).

The unknown section of the introduction is similar to “establishing a niche” and includes “counter-claiming” and “indicating a gap” ( 6 , 25 ). To develop a “counter-claiming” statement, the author needs to mention an opposing viewpoint or perspective or highlight a gap or limitation in current literature ( 24 ). “Counter-claiming” sentences are usually distinguished by a specific terminology, including albeit, although, but, howbeit, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, unfortunately, whereas, and yet ( 24 ). This step toward or “continuing a tradition” part ( 6 , 25 ) is an extension of prior research to expand upon or clarify a research problem ( 24 ), and the connection is commonly initiated with the following terms: “hence,” “therefore,” “consequently,” or “thus” ( 24 ). An alternative approach for “counter-claiming” within the context of prior research is giving a “new perspective” without challenging the validity of previous research or highlighting their limitations ( 24 ).

Pitfalls in this section include missing an important paper and overstating the novelty of the study ( 29 ).

4.3. Rationale of Research/Hypothesis/Question

Defining the rationale of research is the most critical mission of the introduction section, where the author should tell the reader why the research is biologically meaningful ( 34 ). In stating the rationale of the study, an author should clarify that the study is the next logical step in a line of investigations, addressing the limitations of previous works ( 8 ). This section corresponds to “occupying the niche” in the CARS model ( 6 ), where contribution of the research in the development of “novel” knowledge is stated in contrast to prior research on the topic ( 24 ). The question/hypothesis, something that is not yet proven ( 35 ), is placed at the tip of the inverted cone/pyramid ( 16 ), and it is usually last sentence of the last paragraph in the introduction that presents the specific topic, which is “ What was done in your paper ?” ( 7 , 8 , 19 ).

The main and secondary objectives should be clear and preferably comprise no more than two sentences ( 20 ). The question should be clearly stated as the most common reason for rejection of a manuscript is the inability to do this ( 8 ); it would be a bad start that reviewers/readers cannot grasp the research question of the paper ( 36 ).

5. Writing Tips

5.1. the length.

The introduction should be generally short ( 7 , 37 ) and not exceed one double-spaced typed page ( 37 ), approximately 250 - 300 words are typically sufficient and sometimes it may be longer (500 - 600 words) ( 19 , 38 ); however, depending on the audience and type of paper, the length of the introduction could vary ( 20 ); if it is more than two-thirds the length of the results section, it is probably too long ( 9 ). It has been recommended that the introduction should be no more than 10% to 15% of total manuscript excluding abstract and references ( 18 , 26 ). A long introduction may be used to compensate for the limited data given about the actual research, a pitfall that peer-reviewers are aware of ( 30 ).

5.2. Sentence and Paragraph

In a scientific paper, each paragraph should contain a single main idea ( 7 , 39 ) that stands alone and is very clear ( 7 ). The first sentence of a paragraph should tell the reader what to expect to get out of the paragraph ( 7 ). Flow is a critical element in paragraph structure, that is to say, every sentence should arise logically from the sentence before it and transition logically into the next sentence ( 7 ). It is suggested that length of a sentence in a scientific text should not exceed 25 - 30 words; maximum three to four 30-word sentences are allowed in a paper ( 40 ). The ideal size for a paragraph is 3 - 4 sentences (maximum five sentences) ( 39 ) or 75 - 150 words (ideally not exceeding 150 words) ( 30 ). The maximum length of a paragraph in a well-written paper should not exceed 15 lines ( 30 ).

To test readability of a paragraph or passage, the Gunning Fog scoring formula may be helpful. This index helps the author to write clearly and simply. Fog score is typically between 0 and 20 and estimates the years of formal education the reader requires to understand the text on the first reading (5, is very easy; 6 is easy to read; 14 is difficult; 16 is very difficult) ( 41 , 42 ). Fog score is calculated as follow:

Where a complex word is defined as a word containing three or more syllables ( 43 ). An online tool that calculates the Gunning Fog Index is available at http://gunning-fog-index.com/index.html.

Using the correct verb tense in scientific writing enables authors to manage time and establish a logical relation or “time framework” within different parts of a paper ( 44 ). Two tenses are mostly used in scientific writing, namely the present and the past ( 18 , 45 ); “present tense” is used for established general knowledge (general truths) and “past tense” for the results that you are currently reporting ( 11 , 39 , 45 ). Some authors believe that “present tense” better describes most observations in a scientific paper ( 5 , 7 ). To manage the time framework of the introduction, a transitional verb tense from “present simple” at the beginning (to describe general background) to “present perfect” (describing the problem over time), and again “present simple” at the end of introduction (to state the hypothesis and approach) is commonly recommended ( 30 ).

Although a review of the literature may recommend several tenses, using “present simple” or “present perfect” is more common ( 46 ); the use of “present tense” to refer to the existing research indicates that the authors believe the findings of an older research are still true and relevant ( 44 ). The “present perfect tense” may be adopted when authors communicate “currency” (being current), in both positive (asserting that previous studies have established a firm research foundation) and negative (asserting that not enough relevant or valid work has yet been done) forms ( 44 ).

As seen in Table 1 , much of the introduction emphasizes on previously established knowledge, hence using the present tense ( 11 , 37 ). If you give the author’s name non-parenthetically, present or past tense could be used for the verb that is linked to the author; however, scientific work itself is given in the present tense; for instance, Smith (1975) showed that streptomycin inhibits growth of the organism ( 11 ).

5.4. Citation

Reference section is a vital component of papers ( 51 ). Peer-reviewed articles are preferred by scientific journals ( 51 ). Be cautious never to cite a reference that you have not read ( 51 ) and be sure to cite the source of the original document ( 18 ). The number of references in the introduction should be kept to a minimum ( 19 ) according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (http://icmje.org). Only directly pertinent references should be selected, but do not miss important previous works ( 9 , 20 ). A common error in the writing of an introduction is the struggle to review all evidence available on the topic, which confuses the readers and often buries the aim of the study in additional information ( 26 , 52 ). If there are many references, select the first, the most important, the most elegant, the most pertinent, and the most recent ones ( 18 , 19 ). References should be selected from updated papers with higher impact factors ( 5 ). In addition, select original rather than review articles ( 2 , 53 ), as this is what most editors/reviewers expect ( 18 ). In the presence of newer references, older ones are usually used if considered as being an influential work ( 16 ).

Unnecessary overlap of introduction and discussion is a problem for both sections, therefore, it has been strongly recommended to cite the references where it makes most sense ( 16 ). No reference needs to be made for accepted facts such as double-helical structure of DNA ( 9 ). There is usually no need to list standard text books as references and if this has been done, specify the place in the book ( 32 ). Some authors believe that referring to papers using author names should be avoided, as it slows the pace of writing ( 8 ).

6. Common Pitfalls in Writing Introduction

The most common pitfalls that occur during writing the introduction include: ( 1 ) Providing too much general information, ( 2 ) going into details of previous studies, ( 3 ) containing too many citations, ( 4 ) criticizing recent studies extensively, ( 5 ) presenting the conclusion of the study, except for studies where the format requires this, ( 6 ) having inconsistency with other sections of the manuscript, ( 7 ) including overlapping information with the discussion section, and ( 8 ) not reporting most relevant papers ( 2 ). In Table 2 , most do’s and don’ts for writing a good introduction are summarized; examples of the principles for writing an introduction for a scientific paper can be found in the literature ( 16 , 19 ).

7. Conclusion

The introduction of scientific original papers should be short but informative. Briefly, the first part of a well-written introduction is expected to contain the most important concisely cited references, focused on the research problem. In the second part, the problem and existing solutions or current limitations should be elaborated, and the last paragraph should describe the rationale for the research and the main research purpose. The introduction is suggested be concluded with a brief paragraph that describes the organization of the rest of the paper. Overall, a good introduction should convince the readers that the study is important in the context of what is already known.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge Ms Niloofar Shiva for critical editing of English grammar and syntax of the manuscript.

School of Biological Sciences

University of Manchester

Tutorial – Appendix 2: A Practical Guide to Writing Essays – Level 1

Appendix 2: a practical guide to writing essays.

Writing an essay is a big task that will be easier to manage if you break it down into five main tasks as shown below:

An essay-writing Model in 5 steps

• Analyse the question

What is the topic?

What are the key verbs?

Question the question—brainstorm and probe

What information do you need?

How are you going to find information?

Find the information

Make notes and/or mind maps

• Plan and sort

Arrange information in a logical structure

Plan sections and paragraphs

Introduction and conclusion

• Edit (and proofread)

For sense and logical flow

For grammar and spelling

My Learning Essentials offers a number of online resources and workshops that will help you to, understand the importance of referencing your sources, use appropriate language and style in your writing, write and proofread your essays. For more information visit the writing skills My Learning Essentials pages: http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/services-and-support/students/support-for-your-studies/my-learning-essentials/

1. Analyse the question

Many students write great essays — but not on the topic they were asked about. First, look at the main idea or topic in the question. What are you going to be writing about? Next, look at the verb in the question — the action word. This verb, or action word, is asking you to do something with the topic.

Here are some common verbs or action words and explanations:

2. Research

Once you have analysed the question, start thinking about what you need to find out. It’s better and more efficient to have a clear focus for your research than to go straight to the library and look through lots of books that may not be relevant.

Start by asking yourself, ‘What do I need to find out?’ Put your ideas down on paper. A mind map is a good way to do this. Useful questions to start focusing your research are: What? Why? When? How? Where? Who?

My Learning Essentials offer a number of online resources and workshops to help you to plan your research. Visit the My Learning Essentials page: http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/services-and-support/students/support-for-your-studies/my-learning-essentials/workshops-and-online-resources/

3. Plan and sort

First, scan through your source . Find out if there’s any relevant information in what you are reading. If you’re reading a book, look at the contents page, any headings, and the index. Stick a Post-It note on useful pages.

Next, read for detail . Read the text to get the information you want. Start by skimming your eyes over the page to pick our relevant headings, summaries, words. If it’s useful, make notes.

Making notes

There are two rules when you are making notes:

• page reference
• date of publication
• publisher’s name (book)
• place where it was published (book or journal)
• the journal number, volume and date (journal)
• Make brief notes rather than copy text, but if you feel an extract is very valuable put it in quotation marks so that when you write your essay, you’ll know that you have to put it in your own words. Failing to rewrite the text in your own words would be plagiarism.

For more information on plagiarism, refer to the semester 1 section of this handbook, the First Level Handbook, and the My Learning Essentials Plagiarism Resource http://libassets.manchester.ac.uk/mle/avoiding-plagiarism/

Everyone will make notes differently and as it suits them. However, the aim of making notes when you are researching an essay is to use them when you write the essay. It is therefore important that you can:

• Read your notes
• Find their source
• Determine what the topics and main points are on each note (highlight the main ideas, key points or headings).
• Compose your notes so you can move bits of information around later when you have to sort your notes into an essay.

For example:

• Write/type in chunks (one topic for one chunk) with a space between them so you can cut your notes up later, or
• write the main topics or questions you want to answer on separate pieces of paper before you start making notes. As you find relevant information, write it on the appropriate page. (This takes longer as you have to write the source down a number of times, but it does mean you have ordered your notes into headings.)

Sort information into essay plans

You’ve got lots of information now: how do you put it all together to make an essay that makes sense? As there are many ways to sort out a huge heap of clothes (type of clothes, colour, size, fabric…), there are many ways of sorting information. Whichever method you use, you are looking for ways to arrange the information into groups and to order the groups into a logical sequence . You need to play around with your notes until you find a pattern that seems right and will answer the question.

• Find the main points in your notes, put them on a separate page – a mind map is a good way to do this – and see if your main points form any patterns or groups.
• Is there a logical order? Does one thing have to come after another? Do points relate to one another somehow? Think about how you could link the points.
• Using the information above, draw your essay plan. You could draw a picture, a mind map, a flow chart or whatever you want. Or you could build a structure by using bits of card that you can move around.
• Select and put the relevant notes into the appropriate group so you are ready to start writing your first draft.

  The essay has four main parts:

• introduction
• references.

People usually write the introduction and conclusion after they have written the main body of the essay, so we have covered the essay components in that order below.

For more information on essay writing visit the My Learning Essentials web pages:

http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/services-and-support/students/support-for-your-studies/my-learning-essentials/workshops-and-online-resources/?level=3&level1Link=3&level2Links=writing

Structure . The main body should have a clear structure. Depending on the length of the essay, you may have just a series of paragraphs, or sections with headings, or possibly even subsections. In the latter case, make sure that the hierarchy of headings is obvious so that the reader doesn’t get lost.

Flow . The main body of the essay answers the question and flows logically from one key point to another (each point needs to be backed up by evidence [experiments, research, texts, interviews, etc …] that must be referenced). You should normally write one main idea per paragraph and the main ideas in your essay should be linked or ‘signposted’. Signposts show readers where they are going, so they don’t get lost. This lets the reader know how you are going to tackle the idea, or how one idea is linked with the one before it or after it.

Some signpost words and phrases are:

• ‘These changes . . . “
• ‘Such developments
• ‘This
• ‘In the first few paragraphs . . . “
• ‘I will look in turn at. . . ‘
• ‘However, . . . “
• ‘Similarly’
• ‘But’.

Figures: purpose . You should try to include tables, diagrams, and perhaps photographs in your essay. Tables are valuable for summarising information, and are most likely to impress if they show the results of relevant experimental data. Diagrams enable the reader to visualise things, replacing the need for lengthy descriptions. Photographs must be selected with care, to show something meaningful. Nobody will be impressed by a picture of a giraffe – we all know what one looks like, so the picture would be mere decoration. But a detailed picture of a giraffe’s markings might be useful if it illustrates a key point.

Figures: labelling, legends and acknowledgment . Whenever you use a table, diagram or image in your essay you must:

• cite the source
• write a legend (a small box of text that describes the content of the figure).
• make sure that the legend and explanation are adapted to your purpose.

For example: Figure 1. The pathway of synthesis of the amino acid alanine, showing… From Bloggs (1989). [When using a figure originally produced by someone else, never use the original legend, because it is likely to have a different Figure number and to have information that is not relevant for your purposes. Also, make sure that you explain any abbreviations or other symbols that your reader needs to know about the Figure, including details of different colours if they are used to highlight certain aspects of the Figure].

  Checklist for the main body of text

• Does your text have a clear structure?
• Does the text follow a logical sequence so that the argument flows?
• Does your text have both breadth and depth – i.e. general coverage of the major issues with in-depth treatment of particularly important points?
• Does your text include some illustrative experimental results?
• Have you chosen the diagrams or photographs carefully to provide information and understanding, or are the illustrations merely decorative?
• Are your figures acknowledged properly? Did you label them and include legend and explanation?

  Introduction

The introduction comes at the start of the essay and sets the scene for the reader. It usually defines clearly the subject you will address (e.g. the adaptations of organisms to cold environments), how you will address this subject (e.g. by using examples drawn principally from the Arctic zone) and what you will show or argue (e.g. that all types of organism, from microbes through to mammals, have specific adaptations that fit them for life in cold environments). The length of an introduction depends on the length of your essay, but is usually between 50 to 200 words.

Remember that reading the introduction constitutes the first impression on your reader (i.e. your assessor). Therefore, it should be the last section that you revise at the editing stage, making sure that it leads the reader clearly into the details of the subject you have covered and that it is completely free of typos and spelling mistakes.

  Check-list for the Introduction

• Does your introduction start logically by telling the reader what the essay is about – for example, the various adaptations to habitat in the bear family?
• Does your introduction outline how you will address this topic – for example, by an overview of the habitats of bears, followed by in-depth treatment of some specific adaptations?
• Is it free of typos and spelling mistakes?

  Conclusion

An essay needs a conclusion. Like the introduction, this need not be long: 50 to 200 words is sufficient, depending on the length of the essay. It should draw the information together and, ideally, place it in a broader context by personalising the findings, stating an opinion or supporting a further direction which may follow on from the topic. The conclusion should not introduce facts in addition to those in the main body.

  Check-list for the Conclusion  

• Does your conclusion sum up what was said in the main body?
• If the title of the essay was a question, did you give a clear answer in the conclusion?
• Does your conclusion state your personal opinion on the topic or its future development or further work that needs to be done? Does it show that you are thinking further?

In all scientific writing you are expected to cite your main sources of information. Scientific journals have their own preferred (usually obligatory) method of doing this. The piece of text below shows how you can cite work in an essay, dissertation or thesis. Then you supply an alphabetical list of references at the end of the essay. The Harvard style of referencing adopted at the University of Manchester will be covered in the Writing and Referencing Skills unit in semester 2. For more information refer to the Referencing Guide from the University Library (http://subjects.library.manchester.ac.uk/referencing/referencing-harvard).

Citations in the text

Jones and Smith (1999) showed that the ribosomal RNA of fungi differs from that of slime moulds. This challenged the previous assumption that slime moulds are part of the fungal kingdom (Toby and Dean, 1987). However, according to Bloggs et al . (1999) the slime moulds can still be accommodated in the fungal kingdom for convenience. Slime moulds are considered part of the Eucarya domain by Todar (2012).

Reference list at the end of the essay:

List the references in alphabetical order and if you have several publications written by the same author(s) in the same year, add a letter (a,b,c…) after the year to distinguish between them.

Bloggs, A.E., Biggles, N.H. and Bow, R.T. (1999). The Slime Moulds . 2 nd edn. London and New York: Academic Press.

[ Guidance: this reference is to a book. We give the names of all authors, the publication date, title, name of publisher and place of publication. Note that we referred to Bloggs et al .(1999) in the text. The term “ et al .” is an abbreviation of the Latin et alia (meaning “and others”). Note also that within the text “Bloggs et al .” is part of a sentence, so we put only the date in parentheses for the citation in the text. If you wish to cite the entire book, then no page numbers are listed. To cite a specific portion of a book, page numbers are added following the book title in the reference list (see Toby and Dean below).

Todar K. (2012) Overview Of Bacteriology. Available at: http://textbookofbacteriology.net, [Accessed 15 November 2013].

Jones, B.B. and Smith, J.O.E. (1999). Ribosomal RNA of slime moulds, Journal of Ribosomal RNA 12, 33-38.

Toby F.S. and Dean P.L. (1987). Slime moulds are part of the fungal kingdom, in Edwards A.E. and Kane Y. (eds.) The Fungal Kingdom. Luton: Osbert Publishing Co., pp. 154-180 .

EndNote: This is an electronic system for storing and retrieving references. It is very powerful and simple to use, but you must always check that the output is consistent with the instructions given in this section. EndNote will be covered (and assessed) in the Writing and Referencing Skills online unit in Semester 2 to help you research and reference your written work.

Visit the My Learning Essentials online resource for a guide to using EndNote: https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/learning-objects/mle/endnote-guide/ (we recommend EndNote online if you wish to use your own computer).

Note that journals have their own house style so there will be minor differences between them, particularly in their use of punctuation, but all reference lists for the same journal will be in the same format.

First Draft

When you write your first draft, keep two things in mind:

• Length: you may lose marks if your essay is too long. Ensure therefore that your essay is within the page limit that has been set.
• Expression: don’t worry about such matters as punctuation, spelling or grammar at this stage. You can get this right at the editing stage. If you put too much time into getting these things right at the drafting stage, you will have less time to spend on thinking about the content, and you will be less willing to change it when you edit for sense and flow at the editing stage.

  Writing style

The style of your essay should fit the task or the questions asked and be targeted to your reader. Just as you are careful to use the correct tone of voice and language in different situations so you must take care with your writing. Generally writing should be:

• Make sure that you write exactly what you mean in a simple way.
• Write briefly and keep to the point. Use short sentences. Make sure that the meaning of your sentences is obvious.
• Check that you would feel comfortable reading your essay if you were actually the reader.
• Make sure that you have included everything of importance. Take care to explain or define any abbreviations or specialised jargon in full before using a shortened version later. Do not use slang, colloquialisms or cliches in formal written work.

When you are editing your essay, you will need to bear in mind a number of things. The best way to do this, without forgetting something, is to edit in ‘layers’, using a check-list to make sure you have not forgotten anything.

Check-list for Style

• Tone – is it right for the purpose and the receiver?
• Clarity – is it simple, clear and easy to understand?
• Complete – have you included everything of importance?

  Check-list for Sense

• Does your essay make sense?
• Does it flow logically?
• Have you got all the main points in?
• Are there bits of information that aren’t useful and need to be deleted?
• Are your main ideas in paragraphs?
• Are the paragraphs linked to one another so that the essay flows rather than jumps from one thing to another?
• Is the essay within the page limit?

Check-list for Proofreading

• Are the punctuation, grammar, spelling and format correct?
• If you have written your essay on a word-processor, run the spell check over it.
• Have you referenced all quotes and names correctly?
• Is the essay written in the correct format? (one and a half line spacing, margins at least 2.5cm all around the text, minimum font size 10 point).

School Writer in Residence

The School has three ‘Writers in Residence’ who are funded by The Royal Literary Fund.

Susan Barker – Monday and Friday

Tania Hershman – Tuesday

Katherine Clements – Wednesday and Thursday

The Writers in Residence are based in the Simon Building. Please see the BIOL10000 Blackboard site for further information about the writers’ expertise and instructions for appointment booking.

• ← Tutorial – Appendix 5: A practical guide to writing essays – Level 2
• Tutorial Guide – Employability Skills P2 – Level 2 →

• Search by keyword
• Search by citation

Page 1 of 32

Revolution in sepsis: a symptoms-based to a systems-based approach?

Severe infection and sepsis are medical emergencies. High morbidity and mortality are linked to CNS dysfunction, excessive inflammation, immune compromise, coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction. Males ap...

• View Full Text

Development of a highly effective combination monoclonal antibody therapy against Herpes simplex virus

Infections with Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 or -2 usually present as mild chronic recurrent disease, however in rare cases can result in life-threatening conditions with a large spectrum of pathology. Monoclo...

USP9X-mediated REV1 deubiquitination promotes lung cancer radioresistance via the action of REV1 as a Rad18 molecular scaffold for cystathionine γ-lyase

Radioresistance is a key clinical constraint on the efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer patients. REV1 DNA directed polymerase (REV1) plays an important role in repairing DNA damage and maintaining genomic...

Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein and its derived peptide ameliorate liver fibrosis by repressing CD44 activation in mice with alcohol-related liver disease

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major health concern worldwide, but effective therapeutics for ALD are still lacking. Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), a cytokine released from m...

Characterization of the genetic variation and evolutionary divergence of the CLEC18 family

The C-type lectin family 18 (CLEC18) with lipid and glycan binding capabilities is important to metabolic regulation and innate immune responses against viral infection. However, human CLEC18 comprises three p...

Pivotal functions and impact of long con-coding RNAs on cellular processes and genome integrity

Recent advances in uncovering the mysteries of the human genome suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulatory components. Although lncRNAs are known to affect gene transcription, their m...

Somatic PDGFRB activating variants promote smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation in intracranial fusiform aneurysm

The fusiform aneurysm is a nonsaccular dilatation affecting the entire vessel wall over a short distance. Although PDGFRB somatic variants have been identified in fusiform intracranial aneurysms, the molecular...

A G-quadruplex-binding platinum complex induces cancer mitochondrial dysfunction through dual-targeting mitochondrial and nuclear G4 enriched genome

G-quadruplex DNA (G4) is a non-canonical structure forming in guanine-rich regions, which play a vital role in cancer biology and are now being acknowledged in both nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) genome. Howev...

Excess glucose alone depress young mesenchymal stromal/stem cell osteogenesis and mitochondria activity within hours/days via NAD + /SIRT1 axis

The impact of global overconsumption of simple sugars on bone health, which peaks in adolescence/early adulthood and correlates with osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risk decades, is unclear. Mesenchymal stromal...

Contribution of extracellular vesicles for the pathogenesis of retinal diseases: shedding light on blood-retinal barrier dysfunction

Retinal degenerative diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), loom as threats to vision, causing detrimental effects on the structure and function of the retina...

Exploiting urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells for advancing precision medicine in cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug testing

The field of regenerative medicine has witnessed remarkable advancements with the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a variety of sources. Among these, urine-derived induced pluri...

Targeting cathepsin S promotes activation of OLF1-BDNF/TrkB axis to enhance cognitive function

Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a cysteine protease that played diverse roles in immunity, tumor metastasis, aging and other pathological alterations. At the cellular level, increased CTSS levels have been associated wi...

Campylobacter jejuni virulence factors: update on emerging issues and trends

Campylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and is frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. jejuni infections have a range of short- and l...

Membrane lipid remodeling eradicates Helicobacter pylori by manipulating the cholesteryl 6'-acylglucoside biosynthesis

Helicobacter pylori , the main cause of various gastric diseases, infects approximately half of the human population. This pathogen is auxotrophic for cholesterol which it converts to various cholesteryl α-glucosi...

Dengue virus pathogenesis and host molecular machineries

Dengue viruses (DENV) are positive-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family. DENV is the causative agent of dengue, the most rapidly spreading viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Each yea...

Targeting NLRP3 signaling reduces myocarditis-induced arrhythmogenesis and cardiac remodeling

Myocarditis substantially increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. Approximately 30% of all ventricular arrhythmia cases in patients with myocarditis originate from the right ventricular outflow tract (RV...

T cell expressions of aberrant gene signatures and Co-inhibitory receptors (Co-IRs) as predictors of renal damage and lupus disease activity

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is distinguished by an extensive range of clinical heterogeneity with unpredictable disease flares and organ damage. This research investigates the potential of aberrant sign...

Applications of peptides in nanosystems for diagnosing and managing bacterial sepsis

Sepsis represents a critical medical condition stemming from an imbalanced host immune response to infections, which is linked to a significant burden of disease. Despite substantial efforts in laboratory and ...

Enhancement of NETosis by ACE2-cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies in patients with COVID-19

High levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis and autoantibodies are related to poor prognosis and disease severity of COVID-19 patients. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) ...

Attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological disruption with PT320 delays dopamine degeneration in MitoPark mice

Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in cellular energy production. Changes in mitochondrial function can lead to dysfunction and cell death in aging and age-related disorders. Recent research sugges...

Longitudinal alterations in brain perfusion and vascular reactivity in the zQ175DN mouse model of Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is marked by a CAG-repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene that causes neuronal dysfunction and loss, affecting mainly the striatum and the cortex. Alterations in the neurovascular co...

Antimicrobial peptide thanatin fused endolysin PA90 (Tha-PA90) for the control of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in mouse model

This study addresses the urgent need for infection control agents driven by the rise of drug-resistant pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii . Our primary aim was to develop and assess a novel endolysin, Tha-P...

Correction: A novel HIF1α-STIL-FOXM1 axis regulates tumor metastasis

The original article was published in Journal of Biomedical Science 2022 29 :24

Significance of hepatitis B virus capsid dephosphorylation via polymerase

It is generally believed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc) dephosphorylation (de-P) is important for viral DNA synthesis and virion secretion. HBV polymerase contains four domains for terminal pr...

Association of TRAIL receptor with phosphatase SHP-1 enables repressing T cell receptor signaling and T cell activation through inactivating Lck

T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and T cell activation are tightly regulated by gatekeepers to maintain immune tolerance and avoid autoimmunity. The TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) is a TNF-family death receptor that ...

Improving CRISPR–Cas9 directed faithful transgene integration outcomes by reducing unwanted random DNA integration

The field of genome editing has been revolutionized by the development of an easily programmable editing tool, the CRISPR–Cas9. Despite its promise, off-target activity of Cas9 posed a great disadvantage for g...

A matter of new life and cell death: programmed cell death in the mammalian ovary

The mammalian ovary is a unique organ that displays a distinctive feature of cyclic changes throughout the entire reproductive period. The estrous/menstrual cycles are associated with drastic functional and mo...

Engineered extracellular vesicles carrying let-7a-5p for alleviating inflammation in acute lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening respiratory condition characterized by severe inflammation and lung tissue damage, frequently causing rapid respiratory failure and long-term complications. The mi...

The rise of big data: deep sequencing-driven computational methods are transforming the landscape of synthetic antibody design

Synthetic antibodies (Abs) represent a category of artificial proteins capable of closely emulating the functions of natural Abs. Their in vitro production eliminates the need for an immunological response, st...

Tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted singly and in duo with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum bacteria by ticks as pathogens modifying lipid metabolism in human blood

Ticks are vectors of various pathogens, including tick-borne encephalitis virus causing TBE and bacteria such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum causing e.g. viral-bacterial co-infec...

Integration of transcription regulation and functional genomic data reveals lncRNA SNHG6’s role in hematopoietic differentiation and leukemia

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal players in cellular processes, and their unique cell-type specific expression patterns render them attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Yet, the functional ...

Reduced interleukin-18 secretion by human monocytic cells in response to infections with hyper-virulent Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) causes a variety of diseases ranging from mild superficial infections of the throat and skin to severe invasive infections, such as necrotizing soft tissue infe...

Metabolism-regulating non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: roles, mechanisms and clinical applications

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that pose a serious threat to women's health. Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a major feature of the malignant transformation of breast cancer. Compar...

Genetic and pharmacologic p32-inhibition rescue CHCHD2-linked Parkinson’s disease phenotypes in vivo and in cell models

Mutations in CHCHD2 have been linked to Parkinson’s disease, however, their exact pathophysiologic roles are unclear. The p32 protein has been suggested to interact with CHCHD2, however, the physiological functio...

The role of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A in triple negative breast cancer: a promising target for achieving clinical benefits

Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) plays an integral role in breast cancer (BC), especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This subtype accounts for the most aggressive BC, possesses high tu...

Translational research on drug development and biomarker discovery for hepatocellular carcinoma

Translational research plays a key role in drug development and biomarker discovery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, unique challenges exist in this field because of the limited availability of hum...

Germline mutations of homologous recombination genes and clinical outcomes in pancreatic cancer: a multicenter study in Taiwan

Cancer susceptibility germline mutations are associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the hereditary status of PDAC and its impact on survival is largely unknown in the Asian population.

Rab37 mediates trafficking and membrane presentation of PD-1 to sustain T cell exhaustion in lung cancer

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface of T cells. High expression of PD-1 leads to T-cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, th...

FLT3L-induced virtual memory CD8 T cells engage the immune system against tumors

Previous research in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligands (FLT3L) has primarily focused on their potential to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow progenitors, with a limited understanding of how thes...

Promising antibacterial efficacy of arenicin peptides against the emerging opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus , a fast-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium, is an emerging opportunistic pathogen responsible for chronic bronchopulmonary infections in people with respiratory diseases such as cystic ...

Targeting MDM2 in malignancies is a promising strategy for overcoming resistance to anticancer immunotherapy

MDM2 has been established as a biomarker indicating poor prognosis for individuals undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment for different malignancies by various pancancer studies. Specifically, ...

Mechanisms and functions of SUMOylation in health and disease: a review focusing on immune cells

SUMOylation, which is a type of post-translational modification that involves covalent conjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target substrates, regulates various important molecular a...

Hesperetin activates CISD2 to attenuate senescence in human keratinocytes from an older person and rejuvenates naturally aged skin in mice

CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 2 (CISD2), a pro-longevity gene, mediates healthspan in mammals. CISD2 is down-regulated during aging. Furthermore, a persistently high level of CISD2 promotes longe...

Plectin plays a role in the migration and volume regulation of astrocytes: a potential biomarker of glioblastoma

The expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and intermediate filament (IF) proteins is altered in malignant glioblastoma (GBM), yet the expression of the major IF-based cytolinker, plectin (PLEC), and its contributio...

Modelling the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment: 3D tumor spheroids as an evolving tool

Cancer remains a serious burden in society and while the pace in the development of novel and more effective therapeutics is increasing, testing platforms that faithfully mimic the tumor microenvironment are l...

TEM1/endosialin/CD248 promotes pathologic scarring and TGF-β activity through its receptor stability in dermal fibroblasts

Pathologic scars, including keloids and hypertrophic scars, represent a common form of exaggerated cutaneous scarring that is difficult to prevent or treat effectively. Additionally, the pathobiology of pathol...

Physiology and pharmacological targeting of phase separation

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biology describes a process by which proteins form membraneless condensates within a cellular compartment when conditions are met, including the concentration and postt...

Inactivation of pentraxin 3 suppresses M2-like macrophage activity and immunosuppression in colon cancer

The tumor microenvironment is characterized by inflammation-like and immunosuppression situations. Although cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are among the major stromal cell types in various solid cancers,...

Engineered EVs with pathogen proteins: promising vaccine alternatives to LNP-mRNA vaccines

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny, lipid membrane-bound structures that are released by most cells. They play a vital role in facilitating intercellular communication by delivering bioactive cargoes to rec...

Attenuation of neurovirulence of chikungunya virus by a single amino acid mutation in viral E2 envelope protein

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has reemerged as a major public health concern, causing chikungunya fever with increasing cases and neurological complications.

• Editorial Board
• Manuscript editing services
• Instructions for Editors
• Sign up for article alerts and news from this journal

Journal of Biomedical Science is supported by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) , Taiwan.

Annual Journal Metrics

2022 Citation Impact 11.0 - 2-year Impact Factor 10.9 - 5-year Impact Factor 2.367 - SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper) 2.520 - SJR (SCImago Journal Rank)

2023 Speed 14 days submission to first editorial decision for all manuscripts (Median) 107 days submission to accept (Median)

2023 Usage  1,698,723 downloads 3,813 Altmetric mentions 

• More about our metrics

Journal of Biomedical Science

ISSN: 1423-0127

• Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
• General enquiries: [email protected]

Biomedical Science: Literature Review

Searching & reviewing the literature.

• Literature Review
• Search Strategy
• Database search tips

A literature review is an evaluation of relevant literature on a topic and is usually the starting point for any undergraduate essay or postgraduate thesis. The focus for a literature review is on scholarly published materials such as books, journal articles and reports.

A search and review of relevant sources may be extensive and form part of a thesis or research project. Postgraduate researchers will normally focus on primary sources such as research studies in journals.

A literature review also provides evidence for an undergraduate assignment. Students new to a discipline may find that starting with an overview or review of relevant research in books and journals, the easiest way to begin researching a topic and obtaining the necessary background information.

Source materials can be categorised as:

Primary source : Original research from journals articles or conference papers, original materials such as historical documents, or creative works.

Secondary source : Evaluations, reviews or syntheses of original work. e.g. review articles in journals.

Tertiary source : Broadly scoped material put together usually from secondary sources to provide an overview, e.g. a book.

The Literature Review Structure : Like a standard academic essay, a literature review is made up of three key components: an introduction, a body and a conclusion. Most literature reviews can follow the following format: • Introduction: Introduce the topic/problem and the context within which it is found. • Body: Examine past research in the area highlighting methodological and/or theoretical developments, areas of agreement, contentious areas, important studies and so forth. Keep the focus on your area of interest and identify gaps in the research that your research/investigation will attempt to fill. State clearly how your work builds on or responds to earlier work. • Conclusion: Summarise what has emerged from the review of literature and reiterate conclusions.

This information has been adapted from the Edith Cowan University Literature review: Academic tip sheet .

Steps in searching and reviewing the literature:

• Define the topic and scope of the assignment. Ensure you understand the question and expectations of the assignment. It's useful to develop a plan and outline, headings, etc.  
• Check terminology. e.g. dictionaries, encyclopedias, thesauruses  
• Identify keywords for searching (include English and American spelling and terminology)  
• Identify types of publications. e.g. books, journal articles, reports.  
• Search relevant databases (refer to the relevant subject guide for key databases and sources)  
• Select and evaluate relevant sources  
• Synthesise the information  
• Write the review following the structure outlined.  
• Save references used. e.g. from the databases save, email, print or download references to EndNote.  
• Reference sources (APA 7th) (see Referencing Library Guide )

When you are writing for an academic purpose such as an essay for an assignment, you need to find evidence to support your ideas. The library is a good place to begin your search for the evidence, as it acquires books and journals to support the disciplines within the University. The following outlines a list of steps to follow when starting to write an academic assignment:

Define your topic and scope of the search

• This will provide the search terms when gathering evidence from the literature to support your arguments.
• Sometimes it is a good idea to concept map key themes.

The scope will advise you:

• How much information is required, often identified by the number of words ie 500 or 3000 words
• What sort of writing you are to do eg essay, report, annotated bibliography
• How many marks are assigned. This may indicate the amount of time to allocate to the task.

Gather the information - Before writing about your topic, you will need to find evidence to support your ideas. 

Books provide a useful starting point for an introduction to the subject. Books also provide an in-depth coverage of a topic.

Journal Articles: For current research or information on a very specific topic, journal articles may be the most useful, as they are published on a regular basis. It is normally expected that you will use some journal articles in your assignment. When using journal articles, check whether they are from a magazine or scholalry publication. Scholarly publications are often peer reviewed, which means that the articles are reviewed by expert/s before being accepted for publication.

Reports : useful information can also be found in free web publications from government or research organizations (e.g. reports). Any web publications should be carefully evaluated. You are also required to view the whole publication, not just the abstract, if using the information in your assignment.

Remember to ensure that you note the citation details for references that you collect, at the time of locating the items. It is often time consuming and impossible to track the required data later.

Analyse the information collected

• Have I collected enough information on the topic?

Synthesise your information

Write the report or essay

• Check the ECU Academic tip sheet: the Academic Essay for some useful pointers
• Remember, in most cases you will need an introduction, body and conclusion
• Record details of references used for referencing. Information on referencing can be located on the ECU Referencing Guide.

Database search tips:

1. Identify main concepts and keywords . Search the main concepts first, then limit further as necessary.

2. Find Synonyms (Boolean  OR broadens the search to include alternative keywords or subject thesaurus terms):

• pediatrics  OR children
• teenagers  OR adolescents

3. AND (Boolean AND  joins concepts and narrows the                search):

• occupational therapy  AND children
• stress  AND (occupation OR job)

4. Be aware of differences in American and English spelling and terminology. Most databases use American spelling and terminology as preferred subject terms.

5. Use Truncation (putting * at the end of a word stem will search all forms of the word):

• disab * (disability, disabilities, disabled)
• child * (child, children, childhood, children's)

6. "...." (inverted commas) use for a phrase

• "mental health"
• "occupational therapy"

7. Wildcard ? will search for any single letter in the space. e.g. wom?n will search women, woman, organi?ation will search organisation, organization.

8. Wildcard * can also be used where alternate spelling may contain an extra character. e.g. p*ediatric, will search paediatric or pediatric, behavio*r, will search behaviour or behavior.

• Search strategy planner
• MEDLINE database guide
• CINAHL database guide
• SPORTDiscus database guide
• Web of Science database guide

Literature review

Academic Writing

Study Skills

• << Previous: Researching a topic
• Next: Systematic Reviews >>
• Researching a topic
• Systematic Reviews This link opens in a new window
• Dictionaries, Encyclopedias & Reference
• Drug guides/Laboratory manuals
• Human anatomy & physiology
• Neuroscience and Neurological Rehabilitation
• Journals/Databases
• Videos & DVDs
• Websites/Statistics
• Further Assistance

Library Contact

• [email protected]
• (61) 8 6304 5525

Library Links

• Library Workshops
• ECU Library Search
• Borrowing Items
• Room Bookings

Quick Links

• Academic Integrity
• Ask Us @ ECU
• LinkedIn Learning
• Student Guide - My Uni Start

More about ECU

• All Online Courses
• Last Updated: Feb 20, 2024 9:51 AM
• URL: https://ecu.au.libguides.com/biomedical-science

Edith Cowan University acknowledges and respects the Noongar people, who are the traditional custodians of the land upon which its campuses stand and its programs operate. In particular ECU pays its respects to the Elders, past and present, of the Noongar people, and embrace their culture, wisdom and knowledge.

Study at Cambridge

About the university, research at cambridge.

• Undergraduate courses
• Events and open days
• Fees and finance
• Postgraduate courses
• How to apply
• Postgraduate events
• Fees and funding
• International students
• Continuing education
• Executive and professional education
• Courses in education
• How the University and Colleges work
• Term dates and calendars
• Visiting the University
• Annual reports
• Equality and diversity
• A global university
• Public engagement
• Give to Cambridge
• For Cambridge students
• For our researchers
• Business and enterprise
• Colleges & departments
• Email & phone search
• Museums & collections
• Undergraduate Teaching
• Part II Biochemistry
• Department of Biochemistry
• About the Department
• How to find us
• Disabled access
• Job opportunities
• Wellbeing, Inclusion, Diversity, Equality overview
• Wellbeing in Biochemistry
• Alumni overview
• Alumni Events overview
• Biochemistry Centenary Alumni Day 2024
• Biochemistry Alumni Day 2023
• Alumni Festival 2020
• Alumni Festival 2019
• Alumni Festival 2018
• Alumni Newsletter
• Alumni benefits
• Engaging with us
• Keep in touch
• Photos and history overview
• Department pictures overview
• Class pictures (1949/1950 - 1959/1960)
• Class pictures (1960/1961 - 1969/1970)
• Class pictures (1970/1971 - 1979/1980)
• Class pictures (1980/1981 - 1989/1990)
• Class pictures (1990/1991 - 1999/2000)
• Class pictures (2000/2001 - 2009/2010)
• Class pictures (2010/2011 - 2019/2020)
• Support us overview
• How to make a donation
• 1924 – 2024: Biochemistry centenary travel fund
• History of the Department overview
• Establishing the Department overview
• Biochemistry: a new science
• The coming of Hopkins
• Hopkins arrives in Cambridge
• The foundations of metabolism
• Expansion after World War I
• Teaching biochemistry
• A new School of Biochemistry
• Haldane and the Sex Viri
• Low Temperature Research Station
• The Dunn Institute
• The Sir William Dunn Institute overview
• New arrivals
• The Academic Assistance Council
• Synge, Martin, Dixon and Mitchell
• Needham, Sanger and Stephenson
• The Colman Library overview
• Sir Jeremiah Colman
• Establishing the Library
• Reflections on the early years overview
• Malcolm Dixon on the Department
• Rudolph Peters on Hopkins
• The legacy of Hopkins
• Major events since 1945
• Commemorating Hopkins
• Biographies overview
• Sir William Dunn Professors and Heads of Department
• Former members of Department
• Nobel Prizes overview
• Frederick Gowland Hopkins
• Albert Szent-Györgyi
• Ernst Boris Chain
• Richard Laurence Millington Synge
• Hans Adolf Krebs
• Frederick Sanger
• Luis Federico Leloir
• Rodney Robert Porter
• Peter Dennis Mitchell
• César Milstein
• Roger Yonchien Tsien
• Photographic archive
• Latest news
• Publications blog
• 2018 News Archive
• 2017 News Archive
• 2016 News Archive
• 2015 News Archive
• 2014 News Archive
• 2013 News Archive
• Teaching Overview
• Applying to do Biochemistry
• First year overview
• Molecules in Medical Science overview
• Aims and Objectives
• Course Overview
• Additional Course Information
• Biology of Cells
• Evolution and Behaviour
• Mathematical Biology
• Second year overview
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology overview
• Cell and Developmental Biology
• Third year overview
• Part II Biochemistry overview
• Biological and Biomedical Sciences
• Fourth year overview
• Part III Biochemistry overview
• Systems Biology
• Information for Supervisors and DoS overview
• Moodle for Supervisors
• Information for Demonstrators
• Contact information
• Postgraduate overview
• Funding Your Post Graduate Studies
• Current Postgraduate students
• Contact Information
• Research overview
• Research Group Leaders overview
• Current Faculty overview
• Bill Broadhurst
• Mark Carrington
• Marc de la Roche overview
• de la Roche Group website overview
• Group members overview
• Marc de la Roche
• Thomas Foets
• Helena Rannikmae
• Heidi Funke
• Publications
• Paul Dupree overview
• Dupree Group website overview
• Group members
• Jenny Gallop
• Camilla Godlee
• Florian Hollfelder
• Chris Howe overview
• Howe Group website overview
• About the Lab overview
• Postgraduate and Postdoctoral opportunities
• Biological Photovoltaics (BPV)
• Members overview
• Paolo Bombelli (Postdoctoral Researcher)
• Jack Hervey (Graduate Student)
• Ellen Nisbet (Senior Research Associate)
• Elfadil Osman (Graduate Student)
• Stephen Rowden (Graduate Student)
• Barnaby Slater (Graduate Student)
• Laura Wey (Graduate Student)
• Lab Publications overview
• 2004 - Present
• Prior to 2004
• Conference Proceedings, Commentaries, Book Chapters etc.
• Lab Adventures overview
• Christmas Party 2012
• P2P overview
• Construction
• The Solar Panel
• The Living Wall
• The Main Concept
• 14 Photo-active Models
• BEST overview
• Travel Route
• Commercial Partners overview
• Anaero Technology
• Lamda Stretch
• Academic Partners
• Device Electrical Output overview
• The BEST device
• Marko Hyvönen
• Tony Jackson
• Kathryn Lilley
• Ben Luisi overview
• Luisi Group website overview
• Useful Links
• Sarah Lummis
• Laura Machesky
• Helen Mott overview
• Mott and Owen Group website
• Daniel Nietlispach
• Darerca Owen overview
• Mott and Owen Group website overview
• PhD Projects
• Structure Gallery
• Luca Pellegrini overview
• Pellegrini Group website overview
• Lab members
• List of publications
• Lab resources overview
• MALS theory and practice
• FRET theory and practice
• CryoEM overview
• Former members
• Jeanne Salje
• Dee Scadden
• Chris Smith
• Jussi Taipale
• Ross Waller
• Martin Welch
• Evgeny Zatulovskiy
• Affiliated and Associate faculty overview
• John McCafferty
• Andrew Grace
• Brian Hendrich
• Steve Jackson
• Iva Tchasovnikarova
• Facility Managers overview
• Dima Chirgadze
• Shilo Titus
• Katherine Stott
• Nianshu Zhang
• Emeritus faculty overview
• Tom Blundell
• Kevin Brindle overview
• Gerard Evan
• Richard Farndale
• Robin Hesketh
• Ernest Laue overview
• Laue Group website overview
• Using single cell Hi-C to study 3D genome organisation
• Single-molecule imaging to study the function of the NuRD complex
• Investigation of nucleosome remodelling by CHD4/NuRD
• Peter Leadlay
• Jim Metcalfe
• Steve Oliver
• George Salmond
• Jean Thomas
• Former faculty overview
• Philip Zegerman
• Svetlana Khoronenkova
• Alex Borodavka
• Austin Smith
• Trevor Littlewood
• Richard Jackson
• Ellen Nisbet
• Jules Griffin
• Simone Weyand
• Stephanie Jung
• Jasmin Fisher
• Nancy Standart
• Rick Livesey
• Nick Robinson
• Giorgio Favrin
• Monique Gangloff
• Hee-Jeon Hong
• Karen Lipkow
• Natasha Murzina
• Independent Research Fellowships in Biochemistry
• COVID-19 projects overview
• Modulation of host cell RNA-binding proteins through the infectious cycle of SARS-CoV-2
• Analysing the human-coronavirus RNA interactome
• COVID-19 diagnostics for Africa
• Development of multiplex serological assays for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 immunity
• Targeting conserved RNA elements in SARS-CoV-2 for therapy
• Affinity reagents for functional neutralisation of nCoV-19
• Structural and computational biology of COVID-19
• Facilities overview
• Cryo-Electron Microscopy
• Crystallography
• DNA Sequencing
• BioPath Stores overview
• Biochemistry: Standing order request
• Library overview
• Click and Collect service
• Multimedia Lab overview
• Vehicle Pool overview
• Intranet overview

Prepared essay example titles

• Postgraduate Study

Students are required to write a prepared essay of not more than 3000 words in length selected from titles proposed by the examiners. The topics offered for the prepared essay will concern ‘Science that affects Society’ and the Examiners will announce titles to students in the Michaelmas Term.   Examples of previous essay titles are included below.

• What are the prospects for extending human lifespan?  Discuss the molecular basis for how this might be achieved, and the implications for society?
• Should statins be prescribed more widely?
• Could the UK be self-sufficient in food crop production?  Discuss the biological parameters that might set limits on what could be achieved.
• Discuss current scientific theories of the origin of life.
• Is the mouse a good model for studying human disease?
• There was a major outbreak of Zika virus infections in 2016.  How might a biological understanding of the virus and its transmission help in preventing or containing future outbreaks?
• Neonicotinoids are used as insecticidal dressing for crop seeds.  What are the associated risks, and should we be using such chemicals?
• Is it feasible and desirable to enforce regulations to control applications of genome editing?
• Should there be a 'sugar tax' and if so, which sugars should be taxed and why?

Department of Biochemistry Hopkins Building Downing Site Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1QW

Contact: [email protected]

About this site.

• Privacy policy

Connect with us

© 2024 University of Cambridge

• Contact the University
• Accessibility
• Freedom of information
• Privacy policy and cookies
• Statement on Modern Slavery
• Terms and conditions
• University A-Z
• Undergraduate
• Postgraduate
• Research news
• About research at Cambridge
• Spotlight on...

Home > USC Columbia > Medicine, School of > Biomedical Science > Biomedical Science Theses and Dissertations

Biomedical Science Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Gluten Free Diet Ameliorates SI Enteropathy in IGA Deficient Mice , Ryan Albert William Ball

Progressive Neurochemical, Neuroinflammatory and Cognitive Deficits in an Experimental Model of Gulf War Illness , Hannah Elizabeth Burzynski

Effects Of Chronic Stress On Working Memory Are Sex-specific And Age-dependent , Tyler Jamison Cox

Aortopathies: Mechanism of Pathogenesis and Therapy , Mengistu G. Gebere

Leptin, Serotonin, and the Control of Food Intake , Nicholas David Maxwell

Targeting Macrophages in Cancer Models Using Natural Compounds , Sierra Jordan McDonald

Neurodevelopmental and Transient Impacts of Brain Kynurenic Acid Elevation and Sleep-Wake Behavior , Katherine Rentschler

Exploration Into the Relationship Between Colitis and Depression: A Potential Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor , Kasie Lynn Roark

B-Cell-Specific MHCII Promotes Host-Microbiome Symbiosis , Mary Melissa Roland

Cardiac Imaging in Mice With Micro-Computed Tomography: An Assessment , Kyle Porter Stegmann

Impact Of Steroid Receptor And Hormone Manipulation In Skeletal Muscle: Implications For Glucose Metabolism And Insulin Sensitivity In Male Mice , Christian Aaron Unger

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Role of Epigenome in Regulation of Inflammation By AHR Ligands 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin and 6-Formylindolo[3,2-B] Carbazole , Alkeiver Cannon

Neurochemical, Molecular, and Behavioral Effects of Intranasal Insulin , Jennifer Marie Erichsen

Sex Differences and Potential Non-invasive Treatments for Calcific Aortic Valve Disease , Henry Pascal Helms

Decellularization Strategies of Naturally Derived Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications , Julia Elizabeth Hohn

Role of AhR in the Epigenetic Regulation of Immune Cells in Lungs During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Bryan Latrell Holloman

The Submission of a Section 513(g) Request For Information , Morgan Ashley Lano

Engineering and Optimization of an AAV Based Viral Vector to Limit the In-Vitro Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein , Ronald Anderson Smithwick

In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Mediator Kinase , Lili Wang

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Role of AhR Ligands in Immune Modulation to Suppress Inflammation Through the Regulation of Microrna and Gut Microbiome , Osama Azeldeen Abdulla

Role of Estrogen in Regulating Diet-Induced Obesity in Females , Ahmed Aladhami

Impact of Acetylcholine on Internal Pathways To Basal Amygdala Pyramidal Neurons , Tyler Daniel Anderson-Sieg

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Derived Cancers: A Novel Study on Growth and Growth Suppression Utilizing Common Colorectal Cancer Agents , Raymond Kennith Bogdon

Impact of Acetylcholine on Amygdala Network Oscillations , Joshua Xavier Bratsch-Prince

Real Time Neurochemical Analysis of the Brain For Pharmacological Treatments in Mood Disorders And Neurodegeneration , Anna Marie Buchanan

Regulation of Inflammatory Processes by Tryptamine, Cannabidiol and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin , Nicholas Dopkins

Study of the Effect of B-Cell-Intrinsic Mhcii Antigen Presentation on Germinal Center B Cell Evolution Using The Brainbow Mouse Model , Nia Hall

Mechanism of Therapeutic Efficacy of New Drugs in Glioblastoma , Firas Hameed Khathayer

The Effect of Low Dose Penicillin on Tumor Development in Apc Min/+ Mice , Kinsey Ann Sierra Meggett

Defining the Pathophysiology of Gut Humoral Immunodeficiency , Ahmed Dawood Mohammed

The Role PDE11A4 Signaling and Compartmentalization in Social Behavior , Kaitlyn Pilarzyk

Anatomical Correlates of Age-Related Basal Forebrain Dysfunction , Brandy Lynn Somera

A Novel Model to Study Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation , Austin N. Worden

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Molecular Mechanisms of Loss of E7 Expression in HPV16 – Transformed Human Keratinocytes , Fadi Farooq Abboodi

17 β-Estradiol and Phytoestrogens Attenuate Apoptotic Cell Death in HIV-1 Tat Exposed Primary Cortical Cultures , Sheila Marie Adams

Helicobacter’s Effects on Colitis/Colon Cancer and the Response to Indole 3-Carbinol , Rasha Raheem Abdulhamza Alkarkoushi

A Comparative Study of Cannabinoids & CB1 Receptor GI Signaling , Haley Kristen Andersen

Expansion Microscopy: A New Approach to Microscopic Evaluation , Ashley Ferri

The Role of Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammation in Depression: Uncovering the Relationship Between Histamine and Serotonin Transmission , Melinda Hersey

The Use of Natural Anthraquinone Emodin as a Primary and Complementary Therapeutic in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer , Alexander-Jacques Theodore Sougiannis

The Effects of Super-Resolution Microscopy on Colocalization Conclusions Previously Made With Diffraction-Limited Systems in the Biomedical Sciences , Madison Emily Yemc

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Role of Epigenome and Microbiome in Cannabinoid and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases , Zinah Zamil Al-Ghezi

Tissue-Specific Roles of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Ligands in Cardiac Outflow Tract Malformations and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease , Nadia Al-Sammarraie

Role of Epigenetic, Molecular and Cellular Pathways in the Regulation of Inflammation , William James Becker

Neurochemical and Behavioral Outcomes of Intranasal Orexin Administration in Young and Aged Animals , Coleman Blaine Calva

Interdependent Mechanisms of Stress Susceptibility , Julie Elaine Finnell

Astrocyte Sensitivity to Dopamine in Culture and Ex Vivo , Ashley L. Galloway

Three-Dimensional Plasma Cell Survival Microniche in Multiple Myeloma , Katrina A. Harmon

Role of Epigenome and Microbiome in Endocannabinoid-Mediated Regulation of Inflammation During Diet-Induced Obesity , Kathryn Miranda

Epigenetic and Purinergic Regulation of Mast Cells Mediator Release , Zahraa Abdulmohsin Mohammed

Effect of TCDD, an Environmental Contaminant, on Activation of AHR Leading to Induction of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCS) and the Ability of Resveratrol, a Botanical, to Neutralize this Effect , Wurood Hantoosh Neamah

An Anatomical Basis of the Differential Cholinergic Modulation of Valence-Specific Pyramidal Neurons in the Basolateral Amygdala , Nguyen Vu

Analysis of Cellular Interactions Within a Collagen Hydrogel , Austin N. Worden

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Role of Mammary Microenvironment in Promoting Left-Right Differences in Tumor Progression, Metastasis, and Therapeutic Response , Huda Issa Atiya

Enhancements in Alginate Microencapsulation Technology & Impacts on Cell Therapy Development , Marwa Belhaj

Effect Of Resveratrol On The Development Of Eczema , Christopher Carlucci

The Nervous System And Cancers Of The Head And Neck , Christian A. Graves

Turning Up Antitumor Immunity Against Breast Cancer , Johnie Hodge

Exploring Alternative Therapeutic Interventions For The Treatment Of Leigh Syndrome , Stephanie Martin

Regulation Of Prostaglandin D2 And Angiogenesis-Related Factors From Human Skin Mast Cells By Interleukin-6 And Resveratrol , Cody Cody McHale

Advanced Clearing Methods and Imaging Techniques for Optimized Three- Dimensional Reconstruction of Dense Tissues , Caleb A. Padgett

Role Of MIR-489 In HER2 Positive Breast Cancer , Yogin Patel

Operation Of The Leica SP8 Multiphoton Confocal System Using Single Or Multiple Fluorochromes , Amy E. Rowley

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Garlic Inhibits Inflammation during Dengue Infection , Alex R. Hall

Functional Role of the Homeobox Transcription Factor Six1 in Neoplastic Transformation of Human Keratinocytes , Maria Hosseinipour

Individual Differences in Markers of Cholinergic Signaling Correlating to Fear and Extinction Learning , Grace C. Jones

The Role Of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 In Vascular Disease , Desiree Leach

Succination Impairs Protein Folding and Promotes Chop Stability in the Adipocyte during Diabetes , Allison Manuel

Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M1’s Impact on Fear Extinction Learning , Joshua R. McElroy

Hemodynamic Regulation Of Cardiac Valve Development , Vinal Menon

The Role Of Inflammation In Atherosclerosis , Fatma Saaoud

Synergism of Quercetin and Sodium Butyrate for Controlling Growth of Glioblastoma , Matthew Alan Taylor

Mast Cells and Lipid Cross-Talk in Skin Inflammation , Piper Alexandra Wedman

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Tumor Suppressor p53 Response To UV Light In Normal Human Keratinocyte Strains From Different Individuals , Fadi Farooq Abboodi

Vitamin D and Stress Fractures in Collegiate and Professional Athletes , Christian Michael Askew

Linking Obesity & Breast Cancer: Role Of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 And High Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation On Mammary Tumorigenesis , Taryn L. Cranford

The Identification Of The Direct And Indirect Pathways Through Which Leptin Facilitates Synaptic Plasticity In The Hippocampus , Catherine Van Doorn

Morphogenic Effects Of Dopamine In Cultured Rat Hippocampal Astrocytes , Ashley L. Galloway

Emodin Regulates Macrophage Polarization: Application In Breast Cancer Treatment , Stephen Iwanowycz

Differences In Resting-State Functional Connectivity Of Chronic Migraine, With And Without Medication Overuse Headache, And The Effectiveness Of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block As A Treatment For Repairing Dysfunctional Connectivity. , Kaitlin Krebs

Prospective Assessment Of Health Disparities And Injury Risk Factors At Basic Combat Training At Ft. Jackson , Kristin Lescalleet

Transcriptional And Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of NRF2 In The Heart By The Deubiquitinase CYLD , Bryan J. Mathis

Regulation of Chronic and Acute Inflammatory Disease by microRNA and Microbiota , Pegah Mehrpouya-Bahrami

The Effect of Arsenic on Type 2 Diabetes and Inflammation , Kayla Penta

Factors Influencing The Collagen Fiber Angle Distribution in The Mouse Aorta , Shana Roach Watson

The Role of Epidermal Stem/Progenitor-Like Cells In HPV-Mediated Pre-Neoplastic Transformation , Yvon L. Woappi

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Extensive Genome Rearrangements of Caulobacter K31 and Genomic Diversity of type B3 Bacteriophages of Caulobacter Crescentus , Kurt Taylor Ash

Evaluating Muscle Fiber Architecture , Morgan Ashley Flahive

Characterization of STARD4 and STARD6 Proteins in Human Ovarian Tissue and Human Granulosa Cells and Cloning of Human STARD4 Transcripts , Aisha Shaaban

Cannabinoid-mediated Epigenetic Regulation of Immune Functions , Jessica Margaret Sido

The Effect of 3D Collagen Scaffolds on Regulating Cellular Responses , Chad Simmons

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Metformin Arrests Growth and Induces Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells , Nadia Al-Sammarraie

Cellular and Biochemical Effects of Sparstolonin B on Endothelial Cells to Inhibit Angiogenesis , Marwa Belhaj

An Evolutionary Perspective on Infectious and Chronic Disease , John Eberth

Status Epilepticus Induced Alterations in Hippocampal Anatomy and Neurotransmission , Denise K. Grosenbaugh

The Cardio-Protective Effects of Substance P in Both Ischemia/Reperfusion and and Short-Term Hypoxia Rat Models , Shaiban Jubair

MUSCARINIC MODULATION OF BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA , Lei Liu

MCP-1 In Colorectal Cancer: Benefits of Exercise , Jamie Lee McClellan

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) mediates immune suppression via modulation of microRNA expression in mice , Martine Menard

Effects of cPLA-2 on the Migration and Proliferation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and the 2-D Migratory Patterns of Tropomyosin in Femoral and Abdominal Aorta Tissue , Jaimeson Thomas Powell

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS
• Collections
• Disciplines

Submissions

• Give us Feedback
• University Libraries

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

The Anonymous Biochemist

The life of a typical biochemistry student.

EPQ Ideas for Aspiring Bioscientists

Please note that I have recently changed my website, and have been phasing out posting on here. My new website is bymim.com – please follow there to remain up-to-date . For more information, check out this blogpost .

Introduction

As I’m struggling through researching for my dissertation, I’m reminiscing of one of my favourite projects – the Extended Project Qualification (EPQ). This is a 5000-word, dissertation-style essay (or product, with an accompanying 1000-word essay) that is completed through college/sixth-form and is equivalent to an AS (or half an A-level). It’s a great way to learn some researching and writing skills, learn about a topic that you’re interested in and make a more impressive university application. Usually, there are quite a few generic biology/medicine EPQ ideas that tend to be recycled every year. This is fine, but if you’re looking for more unique ideas and want to get a glimpse of topics you can study at university-level – keep reading!

I got this post idea from Life of a Medic but wanted to make it more focused on the biosciences (like biology, biochemistry and biophysics). If you’re looking for more medical-related posts, definitely check her post out !

My EPQ was about bacteriophage therapy – the idea of using bacterial viruses to treat infections to mitigate against antibiotic resistance and safer patient outcomes. I didn’t see much about it at the time and was more unique than just completing an essay about what antibiotic resistance is. I originally started out brainstorming for ideas by searching for potential topics. All the typical topics like STEM cell therapy came up, but I wanted to do something that was a bit more niche and more interesting to read for the examiner. I believe I googled ‘alternatives to phage therapy’ once, and I came across an article in The Biologist about how phage therapy may replace antibiotic use. If you want to learn more about the topic, I wrote a blog post about it here.

Popular Ideas

Popular ideas include:

• Antibiotic resistance
• Stem Cell Therapy
• The History of Medicine

There are pros and cons to choosing a popular topic. Benefits include having an extensive range of resources that you can access for your essay and being able to potentially provide a unique perspective on the topic. However, they are more difficult to make unique and may be overdone.

Other Ideas

A lot of these ideas can be explored in different perspectives. For example, the if you’re interested in studying biochemistry, you can try to explore more cellular mechanisms for a topic but if you’re interested in pharmacology, you could look at synthesising new drugs to target that mechanism. Fundamentally, choose a topic and angle that’s interesting to you, has enough resources available and is related to what you want to study at university.

• How will healthcare technology advance medicine in the UK?
• How can nanoparticles be used for drug delivery?
• A critical evaluation of factors impacting the speed of photosynthesis.
• What is the role of spindle fibres in cancer?
• How do medical biases impact patient care in the NHS?
• The evolution of anti-depressants, their mechanisms and how they impact brain chemistry.
• The mechanisms behind depression and anxiety, and how it can be used for drug discovery.
• Leptin Resistance and Obesity – differentiating cause from effect.
• An evaluation of the genetic vs environmental causes of obesity.
• The applications of an expanded genetic code.
• An assessment of whether plants can contribute to solving the energy crisis.
• Can vegan and vegetarian diets significantly benefit the environment?
• The opioid epidemic in the USA: the history, the problem and the pharmacological solution.

I hope this post has been useful to give you a starting off point for finding your topic. Continue doing what you’re doing – read articles, check out Ted Talks, ask university students or experts what the most pressing topics in the biosciences are, and that should help you find a topic that is relevant, unique and interesting.

Share this:

Leave a comment cancel reply.

• Already have a WordPress.com account? Log in now.
• Subscribe Subscribed
• Copy shortlink
• Report this content
• View post in Reader
• Manage subscriptions
• Collapse this bar

Here to help: reflective writing

An important part of the Institute’s qualifications and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) scheme is the inclusion of reflective writing.

An important part of the Institute’s qualifications and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) scheme is the inclusion of reflective writing. This is because it can, through thoughtful deliberation, act as a valuable learning experience. The aim of this “here to help” guide is to give you some ideas about the process of reflection.

This is something that we all do, every day, even if only subconsciously. We think about something that took place, how we felt and consequently what we might do differently next time. However, we don’t usually follow a formula for doing this, or write it down (unless we keep a diary!); rather, these emotions, thoughts and subsequent actions appear over time.

Reflective writing is a means of formalising such situations. It can be difficult to reflect when you are caught up in an event, but by standing back shortly afterwards, looking at it and reviewing what happened and thinking carefully about what it meant for you and your ongoing development you can improve your own and possibly others’ professional practice.

When writing a piece of reflection, it is vital to remember that it is much more than just a description of an event, it is instead an explanation and exploration of what happened. In many cases there will be a word limit and you won’t be able to write about everything that happened, so you will need to carefully select what illustrates your point most succinctly and reflect on those aspects.

Effective reflective writing involves an analysis that identifies both strengths and successes, and weaknesses, errors or failures. You need to try to be as objective and honest as possible, which for some may be more challenging than other forms of academic writing. It is much more personal than other forms of academic work, such as essays, and, therefore, it is reasonable to use “I”, “for me” and “we” to explain your thoughts, feelings and actions, but the reflection should also be thoughtful and calm, no matter what you may have felt when the event happened.

Reflective writing should demonstrate an understanding of the possible reasons for anything that didn’t go well, what you learnt or now understand as a result, and how you plan to improve by building on your strengths and developing and implementing mechanisms for reducing your weaknesses. This will help you show what it means for you in your ongoing development as a practising biomedical scientist. You will gain a lot more if you honestly reflect on things that didn’t go well, than if you just reflect on everything that went according to plan.

It is important to follow any specific guidelines on the type of reflection that is required for what you are doing, but whatever they are, the key aspects are the description (what happened or what is being examined), interpretation and critical analysis (what are the key things about the event and what did you learn) and outcome (what does it mean for you in the future).

Related Articles

We use cookies to enhance our website for you. Proceed if you agree to this policy or learn more about it.

• Essay Database >
• Essays Examples >
• Essay Topics

Essays on Biomedical Sciences

3 samples on this topic

Writing a bunch of Biomedical Sciences papers is an implicit part of contemporary studying, be it in high-school, college, or university. If you can do that on your own, that's just awesome; yet, other students might not be that fortunate, as Biomedical Sciences writing can be quite troublesome. The catalog of free sample Biomedical Sciences papers exhibited below was compiled in order to help lagging learners rise up to the challenge.

On the one hand, Biomedical Sciences essays we publish here precisely demonstrate how a really well-written academic piece of writing should be developed. On the other hand, upon your demand and for a reasonable cost, a professional essay helper with the relevant academic experience can put together a high-quality paper model on Biomedical Sciences from scratch.

Free Discursive Analysis Essay. Report Example

Foundation Course – Researching Psychology

Mailing Address Cover Letter

Cover Letter for National Institutes of Health Summer Internship Program in Biomedical Research (NIH SIP)

Biomedical science and technology Interesting Essay Topic Ideas

The negative influences of industry and technology on the health of pygmies in central africa, a study on imaging mass spectrometry in biological imaging technologies, technology used in the field of medicine, the use of virtual reality technology in the medical field, dr. andrew wakefield's fraudulent claim caused panic in the science community, an overview of biomedical engineering, a better view of how innovations in biomedical technology have affected the field of medicine, an analysis of the biomedical model of understanding illness and disease, how hiv and aids research and intervention has influenced the biomedical paradigm of research and ethics, a research on the impact of the progress of the development of prenatal screening technology, a report on bioinformatics and the human genome project, health and hygiene in chinese east asia, the evolution of dna silencing technology over the years, an overview of the technological practices in the paramedic arena and an insight on the implications of modern technologies, science essay, a study on the importance of adopting gene choosing technology, the essence of being a human clouded by our hunger for technological advancements, the revolution of medical technology during the past decade, a study of occupational therapists in searching for the right technological equipment that produce morse codes to help patients, how technological trends in behavioral health have been adequately applied towards achieving significant reforms in health care sector, last topics.

• Applying to Uni
• Apprenticeships
• Health & Relationships
• Money & Finance

Personal Statements

• Postgraduate
• U.S Universities

University Interviews

• Vocational Qualifications
• Accommodation
• ​​​​​​​Budgeting, Money & Finance
• ​​​​​​​Health & Relationships
• ​​​​​​​Jobs & Careers
• ​​​​​​​Socialising

Studying Abroad

• ​​​​​​​Studying & Revision
• ​​​​​​​Technology
• ​​​​​​​University & College Admissions

Guide to GCSE Results Day

Finding a job after school or college

Retaking GCSEs

In this section

Choosing GCSE Subjects

Post-GCSE Options

GCSE Work Experience

GCSE Revision Tips

Why take an Apprenticeship?

Applying for an Apprenticeship

Apprenticeships Interviews

Apprenticeship Wage

Engineering Apprenticeships

What is an Apprenticeship?

Choosing an Apprenticeship

Real Life Apprentices

Degree Apprenticeships

Higher Apprenticeships

A Level Results Day 2024

AS Levels 2024

Clearing Guide 2024

Applying to University

SQA Results Day Guide 2024

BTEC Results Day Guide

Vocational Qualifications Guide

Sixth Form or College

International Baccalaureate

Post 18 options

Finding a Job

Should I take a Gap Year?

Travel Planning

Volunteering

Gap Year Guide

Gap Year Blogs

Applying to Oxbridge

Applying to US Universities

Choosing a Degree

Choosing a University or College

Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

Guide to Freshers' Week

Student Guides

Student Cooking

Student Blogs

• Top Rated Personal Statements

Personal Statement Examples

Writing Your Personal Statement

• Postgraduate Personal Statements
• International Student Personal Statements
• Gap Year Personal Statements

Personal Statement Length Checker

Personal Statement Examples By University

Personal Statement Changes 2025

Personal Statement Template

Job Interviews

Types of Postgraduate Course

Writing a Postgraduate Personal Statement

Postgraduate Funding

Postgraduate Study

Internships

Choosing A College

Ivy League Universities

Common App Essay Examples

Universal College Application Guide

How To Write A College Admissions Essay

College Rankings

Admissions Tests

Fees & Funding

Scholarships

Budgeting For College

Online Degree

Platinum Express Editing and Review Service

Gold Editing and Review Service

Silver Express Editing and Review Service

UCAS Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

Oxbridge Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

Postgraduate Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

You are here

• Mature Student Personal Statements
• Personal Statements By University
• Accountancy and Finance Personal Statements
• Actuarial Science Personal Statements
• American Studies Personal Statements
• Anthropology Personal Statements
• Archaeology Personal Statements
• Architecture Personal Statements
• Art and Design Personal Statements
• Biochemistry Personal Statements
• Bioengineering Personal Statements
• Biology Personal Statements
• Biomedical Science Personal Statements
• Biotechnology Personal Statements
• Business Management Personal Statement Examples
• Business Personal Statements
• Catering and Food Personal Statements
• Chemistry Personal Statements
• Classics Personal Statements
• Computer Science Personal Statements
• Computing and IT Personal Statements
• Criminology Personal Statements
• Dance Personal Statements
• Dentistry Personal Statements
• Design Personal Statements
• Dietetics Personal Statements
• Drama Personal Statements
• Economics Personal Statement Examples
• Education Personal Statements
• Engineering Personal Statement Examples
• English Personal Statements
• Environment Personal Statements
• Environmental Science Personal Statements
• Event Management Personal Statements
• Fashion Personal Statements
• Film Personal Statements
• Finance Personal Statements
• Forensic Science Personal Statements
• Geography Personal Statements
• Geology Personal Statements
• Health Sciences Personal Statements
• History Personal Statements
• History of Art Personal Statements
• Hotel Management Personal Statements
• International Relations Personal Statements
• International Studies Personal Statements
• Islamic Studies Personal Statements
• Japanese Studies Personal Statements
• Journalism Personal Statements
• Land Economy Personal Statements
• Languages Personal Statements
• Law Personal Statement Examples
• Linguistics Personal Statements
• Management Personal Statements
• Marketing Personal Statements
• Mathematics Personal Statements
• Media Personal Statements
• Medicine Personal Statement Examples
• Midwifery Personal Statements
• Music Personal Statements
• Music Technology Personal Statements
• Natural Sciences Personal Statements
• Neuroscience Personal Statements
• Nursing Personal Statements
• Occupational Therapy Personal Statements
• Osteopathy Personal Statements
• Oxbridge Personal Statements
• Pharmacy Personal Statements
• Philosophy Personal Statements
• Photography Personal Statements
• Physics Personal Statements
• Physiology Personal Statements
• Physiotherapy Personal Statements
• Politics Personal Statements
• Psychology Personal Statement Examples
• Radiography Personal Statements
• Religious Studies Personal Statements
• Social Work Personal Statements
• Sociology Personal Statements
• Sports & Leisure Personal Statements
• Sports Science Personal Statements
• Surveying Personal Statements
• Teacher Training Personal Statements
• Theology Personal Statements
• Travel and Tourism Personal Statements
• Urban Planning Personal Statements
• Veterinary Science Personal Statements
• Zoology Personal Statements
• Personal Statement Editing Service
• Personal Statement Writing Guide
• Submit Your Personal Statement
• Personal Statement Questions 2025
• Personal Statement Changes 2024

Biomedical Science Personal Statement Examples

Related resources

How to apply to university.

Find out more

A Level Results Day

Clearing Guide