islamabad essay in urdu

Essay on Faisal Mosque in Urdu

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فیصل مسجد پر ایک مضمون

فیصل مسجد ایک بہت بڑی عظیم الشان مسجد ہے جو پاکستان کے دارلحکومت اسلام آباد میں ہے۔ اس مسجد کو جنوبی ایشیا کی سب سے بڑی مسجد ہونے کا اعزاز بھی حاصل ہے۔

پاکستان کی فیصل مسجد ایک نمایاں حیثیت رکھتی ہے۔ پاکستان کے دارالحکومت اسلام آباد میں مارگلا کی خوبصورت پہاڑیوں میں فیصل مسجد کو ایک صحرائے خیمے میں تعمیر کیا گیا ہے۔ یہ دنیا کی سب سے عظیم ترین مسجدوں میں سے ایک ہے۔

فیصل مسجد اپنی انوکھی تعمیر اور خوبصورتی کی وجہ سے پوری دنیا میں مشہور ہے۔ فیصل مسجد کا نام سعودی عرب اور دنیائے اسلام کے عظیم فرمانروا شاہ فیصل بن عبدالعزیز کی یاد میں رکھا گیا۔ انہوں نے 130 ملین سعودی ریال کی رقم پاکستان کی عوام کو دے دی تھی اور کہا ان کی طرف سے یہ ایک تحفہ ہے۔

مسجد کی بنیاد 12 اکتوبر 1976ء میں رکھی گئی۔ اور 1987ء میں جاکر یہ پوری مکمل مسجد تیار ہو گئی۔ فیصل مسجد صرف طویل ہونے کی وجہ سے مشہور نہیں ہے بلکہ اس مسجد کی خوبصورتی ایسی ہے جو کہیں اور دیکھنے کو نہیں ملتی۔ رات کے وقت تو اس کی خوبصورتی میں چار چاند لگ جاتے ہیں۔ اس مسجد کو دیکھ کر ایک دلکش نظارے کا احساس ہوتا ہے۔

یہ مسجد 5000 مربع میٹر پر بنی ہے اور اتنی زیادہ طویل ہے کہ اس کے اندر کم سے کم 30 ہزار نمازی نماز پڑھ سکتے ہیں۔ مسجد کا سنگ بنیاد سعودی کے فرمانروا شاہ خالد بن عبدالعزیز نے رکھا۔ جبکہ مسجد بنانے کا منصوبہ شاہ فیصل کا تھا۔

مسجد کی تعمیر مکمل ہونے میں تقریبا 10 سال لگ گئے۔ فیصل مسجد کا ڈیزائن ترکی کے ماہر ڈیزائنر سے منتقر کروایا گیا۔ مسجد کا ڈیزائن صرف جدت کا ہی نہیں بلکہ انفرادیت کا بھی حامل ہے۔ اور اس ڈیزائن میں اسلامی تاریخ اور مسلم طرز تعمیر کی جھلک بھی پوری طرح سے موجود ہے۔ اس منصوبے کی تعمیر کے دوران ایک ماہر تعمیرات نے یہاں آکر کہا کہ یہ ڈیزائن کعبہ سے مشابہت کرتا ہے۔ مسجد کے چارمینار دور سے ہی نظر آ جاتے ہیں۔ ان چاروں میناروں کو تصوراتی لکیروں کے ساتھ ملایا جائے تو یہ کعبہ سے مشابہت اختیار کر لیتی ہیں۔

فیصل مسجد میں کوئی گنبد نہیں ہے۔ اس کا مرکزی ہال ایک کنکریٹ کی شلک کی طرح ہے جو ایک صحرائی خیمہ سے مشابہت رکھتا ہے۔ درمیان سے اس کی لمبائی 131 فٹ یعنی 40 میٹر ہے۔ جسے کنکریٹ کے چار عظیم اونچے میناروں نے سہارا دے رکھا ہے۔ اس کے اوپر والے سطح پر ماربل لگایا گیا ہے اور داخل ہونے والی جگہ پر مزیک مزئین کیا گیا ہے۔ درمیان میں ایک سنہرا فانوس لگایا گیا ہے جس کا وزن تقریباً ساڑھے سات ٹن ہے۔ اس میں ایک ہزار بلب روشن ہوتے ہیں۔ اس مسجد کے ہال کی چھت کے اوپر ایک چاند روشن کیا گیا ہے۔ مرکزی عبادت گاہ کے اوپر 150 فٹ کا عالیشان گمبد ہے۔ مرکزی ہال میں دو ہزار نمازیوں کی گنجائش ہے۔

چار میناروں میں سے ہر مینار کی بلندی 300 فٹ ہے۔ جو چار کونوں والے تارے کی طرح بلند ہوتے ہیں۔ اور چاروں طرف سے دیکھنے والے لوگوں کو خیمے کی طرح ایک تکون بنتی نظر آتی ہے۔

اس مسجد کی دیواروں پر قرآنی آیت لکھی گئی ہیں۔ یہاں جمالیاتی ذوق کے ساتھ ساتھ روحانی سکون کا بھی سامان فراہم کرتے ہیں۔ اس مسجد کو ایشیاء کی سب سے خوبصورت ترین مسجدوں میں شامل کیا جاتا ہے۔

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Bringing Pakistan's rich culture and landscapes to light

Islamabad: A City of Contrasts and Wonders

Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and forward-thinking vision that defines this nation. Nestled against the backdrop of the picturesque Margalla Hills, this city is a unique blend of historical significance and modern urban planning, making it one of the most fascinating capitals in the world. As a planned city, Islamabad is renowned for its high standards of living, green spaces, and well-organized infrastructure, which significantly contribute to the allure for both residents and visitors. The distinct contrasts between its lush landscapes and the dynamism of its urban centers highlight why Islamabad is not just the political heart of Pakistan but also a central hub for culture, recreation, and education.

This article delves into the myriad aspects of Islamabad, starting from its inception and administration, traversing through its geography and climate, and exploring the rich tapestry of culture and demographics that shape its identity. The discussion will extend to the economy and infrastructure that support the city’s growth, alongside the numerous tourism and attractions that make Islamabad one of the best places to visit in Pakistan. Each section aims to uncover the essence of Islamabad’s allure, from its historical roots in the ancient civilizations that once thrived in this region to the contemporary allure of its planned urban spaces and the natural beauty of its surroundings. Through this comprehensive exploration, readers will gain insight into how Islamabad embodies a city of contrasts and wonders, marrying the ancient with the contemporary in a seamlessly planned urban tapestry.

History and Administration

Early history of islamabad.

Islamabad, located on the Pothohar Plateau, is one of the earliest known sites of human settlement in Asia. Artifacts dating  from 100,000 to 500,000 years ago  have been discovered here, indicating a long history of human activity. Excavations reveal that Neolithic peoples settled along the Soan River  around 5000 BCE , developing small communities by 3000 BCE. The region was later part of the expansive Indus Valley civilization, thriving from the 23rd to the 18th centuries BCE, and saw migrations and invasions from various cultures, including the Aryans and several notable empires.

Development as Capital

The decision to establish Islamabad as the capital was made post-independence, due to Karachi’s vulnerabilities and logistical disadvantages as the initial capital. In 1958, a commission selected the site near Rawalpindi, emphasizing strategic factors like location, climate, and defense. The city’s construction began in the 1960s, designed by the Greek architect Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis, featuring a triangular grid plan pointing towards the Margalla Hills. Islamabad  officially became the capital in 1967 , following a transitional period where the capital was temporarily moved to Rawalpindi.

Current Administrative Setup

Today, Islamabad is managed by the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) Administration, also known as the Islamabad Administration, which functions as the main civil and law enforcement body. The local governance is handled by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation, supported by the Capital Development Authority (CDA), which oversees city planning, development, and administration. The ICT is divided into various zones including Administrative, Commercial, and Residential, among others, to organize the city’s extensive infrastructure and services.

Geography and Climate

Geographical features.

Islamabad is positioned at the northern edge of the Pothohar Plateau, at the base of the Margalla Hills in the Islamabad Capital Territory. The city’s elevation varies, reaching up to 540 meters, with the highest point, Tilla Charouni,  at 1,604 meters . Covering an area of 906 square kilometers, Islamabad extends into a specified area of 2,717 square kilometers, featuring undulating plains and drained by the Kurang River. The presence of three artificial reservoirs, Rawal, Simly, and Khanpur Dams, play a crucial role in regulating the micro-climate of the region.

Seasons and Temperature Variations

Islamabad experiences a humid subtropical climate with distinct seasons. Winters, from November to February, are mild with occasional dense morning fog, while summers are characterized by sweltering heat, particularly from May to August. The hottest month is June, where  temperatures often exceed 38°C , and the coldest is January, with temperatures that can drop to freezing point. The monsoon season, crucial for the region’s water supply and agriculture, spans from July to August, bringing heavy rainfall and potential flooding.

Climate Impact on Lifestyle

The changing climate patterns significantly impact the lifestyle and well-being of Islamabad’s residents. Rising temperatures and erratic weather conditions exacerbate health issues like respiratory ailments and heat-related illnesses. The increase in  vector-borne diseases such as dengue fever and malaria  due to changing precipitation patterns is a growing concern. Additionally, the urban expansion contributes to deteriorating air quality, which affects daily life and heightens health risks. Efforts to preserve green spaces and manage environmental risks are vital for maintaining the city’s livability.

Culture and Demographics

Cultural heritage.

Islamabad’s cultural heritage is deeply rooted in its historical sites, including various archaeological remains and monuments that reflect the rich past of the region. Notably, the area houses  around 450 heritage sites  identified by a survey from Quaid-i-Azam University. These include the ancient Buddhist and Hindu sites at Shah Allah Ditta village and the diverse array of rock shelters and natural menhirs, such as the Phulgran and Darwala rock shelters.

Languages Spoken

Islamabad is a linguistically diverse city reflecting the multilingual fabric of Pakistan. Urdu serves as the national language and lingua franca, spoken and understood widely across different ethnic groups. English holds co-official status and is prevalent in government and educational sectors. The city’s demographic is linguistically rich with  Punjabi being the mother tongue for 54% of the population , followed by significant numbers of Pashto, Balochi, and other language speakers.

Religious Composition

Islam is the predominant religion in Islamabad, practiced by 95.53% of the population . The city also hosts Christian, Hindu, and other religious minorities. Despite being a predominantly Muslim city, Islamabad’s religious landscape is diverse, with historical influences from various faiths including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. This diversity is a testament to the city’s historical and cultural complexity, accommodating multiple religious communities over the centuries.

Economy and Infrastructure

Major industries.

Islamabad’s economy is bolstered by diverse sectors including manufacturing, which constitutes  12.52% of the GDP . The textile industry is particularly significant, contributing  $15.4 billion to exports  and accounting for 56% of total exports. Additionally, the region is rich in minerals such as gypsum, limestone, and copper, with substantial reserves found in the Reko Diq area, estimated to be  worth $65 billion .

Infrastructure Development

Recent years have seen substantial infrastructure growth in Islamabad. The construction of the Islamabad Expressway, expanded to accommodate increasing traffic, and the development of the Metro Bus Rapid Transit System, which serves as a crucial component of the city’s public transport system, are notable developments. Furthermore, the Islamabad International Airport, completed in 2018, has replaced the former Benazir Bhutto International Airport, enhancing air connectivity.

Economic Growth

Islamabad has experienced a steady economic growth with an average annual GDP growth rate of 4.0% from 2013 to 2023. The services sector dominates the GDP composition, contributing 58% in 2021, while agriculture accounted for 23%. Despite challenges such as inflation and a fiscal deficit averaging 6.2% of GDP, the city continues to attract investment, evidenced by a GDP per capita growth rate.

Tourism and Attractions

Popular tourist spots.

Islamabad, recognized as the world’s second most beautiful capital, boasts a variety of iconic landmarks and natural beauties. Key attractions include the Faisal Mosque, the largest in Pakistan and a stunning representation of Islamic architecture, and Daman-e-Koh, offering panoramic views of the city from the Margalla Hills. The Pakistan Monument, symbolizing national unity, and the tranquil Rawal Lake are also significant draws for tourists.

Cultural Festivals

The city’s vibrant cultural scene is highlighted by numerous festivals that celebrate its rich heritage. Events like the Ajoka Theatre’s plays ‘Bulha’ and ‘Dara’ showcase traditional performances that reflect societal themes. The AZADI Festival and various music and food festivals not only entertain but also immerse visitors in the local culture, providing a deep connection to Islamabad’s community and traditions.

Tourist Amenities

To enhance the experience of its visitors, Islamabad offers comprehensive tourist amenities. The Centaurus Mall provides a mix of shopping and dining options, while the Rose & Jasmine Garden and the Japanese Park offer peaceful retreats amidst the city’s hustle. For those interested in history and science, the Lok Virsa Museum and the Pakistan Museum of Natural History present extensive collections that explore the region’s diverse cultural and natural history.

Through an extensive journey from its foundations to its current status as a beacon of cultural diversity and modern urban planning, Islamabad showcases its distinct identity as a city of contrasts and wonders. From the ancient settlements evident in its early history to the meticulously planned sectors that define its present, Islamabad embodies a blend of traditions and innovations. The city’s geography, climate, and natural beauty contribute profoundly to its character, influencing both lifestyle and economic activities, while its cultural and demographic diversity enriches every facet of life within its bounds.

The exploration of Islamabad’s economy, infrastructure, and the vibrant tourism sector reveals a city that is not only strategically significant but also a place of great beauty and historical depth. Efforts to balance growth with environmental sustainability and cultural preservation underscore the challenges and opportunities Islamabad faces in the 21st century. As we consider the city’s journey, it becomes clear that Islamabad is more than just a capital; it is a microcosm of Pakistan’s evolution, offering lessons and inspirations for cities worldwide. Reflecting on Islamabad’s multifaceted narrative, we are reminded of the resilience and dynamic spirit that define this city, inviting further exploration and appreciation from both residents and visitors alike.

Islamabad is distinguished for its harmonious blend of modern architecture and breathtaking natural landscapes. Noteworthy sites include the iconic Faisal Mosque, the Pakistan Monument, Shakarparian Park, and Rawal Lake, making it a city where history and modernity coexist beautifully.

Before it was named Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan was part of the Potohar Region. This area was known for its historical significance and diverse culture before being renamed and designated as the capital.

Islamabad is recognized as the second most beautiful capital city in the world. This small yet captivating city is celebrated for its lush greenery, proximity to the Margalla Hills, and its overall peaceful and natural setting, which contribute to its aesthetic appeal.

In the 1960s, Islamabad was strategically developed as a new capital to replace Karachi, primarily because of its geographical centrality. Karachi, being at the southern edge of the country, was vulnerable to maritime attacks. Islamabad’s location made it more secure and accessible from various parts of Pakistan, facilitating better national integration and administration.

Laiba Afridi

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The capital of Pakistan was shifted from Karachi to Islamabad in early 1960s because of Islamabad’s central location in the country. The city was built to replace Karachi as a capital, Pakistan secretariat and government offices as well as houses for employees were built as no building was available here. In the beginning only government officers and a few businessmen were residing in Islamabad. The government officers’ belonged to different parts of the country with the passage of time the population grew, also many people migrated from other countries and cities to Islamabad as of now its population has touched 15 lakhs.

When we talk about culture of Islamabad it doesn’t have a unique culture of its own but when we look around we see a major chunk of migrants from different regions of Pakistan, Also foreigners are found residing here in many sectors of Islamabad with their own values and culture which in whole makes it a city with diverse culture and religions. People here are keen to adopt any new thing that comes in here and are very much inspired by the western culture. With time we see how their lifestyles are changing and molding according to the western culture.

Our national language is Urdu. But people of Islamabad are more into speaking English and take less pride in using their own language. It has been observed that not being able to speak fluent English is now an embracement for many and they are judged on the basis of that. There exists a trend of using roman English for communication here that has unfortunately led to destruction of the original Urdu language. Other languages spoken in Islamabad include Punjabi, Pashto, Balochi and Pahari.

Islamabad has been considered a dull city in terms of food and entertainment for many years but in past three to four years the trend of eating out has developed here and we see a wide variety of cuisines everywhere in Islamabad. There is no specific kind of food loved by the people of Islamabad as mentioned above the people here are from different regions and foreign countries so they keep trying new things and look up to anything that offers them a unique experience. Due to a huge number of foreigners residing here many foreign cuisines are witnessed as well and with time those cuisines have become popular among the people of Islamabad as they are attracted and inspired by the western culture and their food and lifestyles. We see many foreign food chains here i.e. KFC, Mcdonalds, Hardees, Cinnamon Café. Also F-Sectors of Islamabad have now many new cuisines opening each day and are becoming very popular like Roasters, Street One café, Desperdes, Table talk, Andaaz etc. Basically ‘Desi’ food is loved by all and is cooked in households every day, we prefer oily and spicy food because that is what we are having since many years but people from different regions residing here have their own tastes and preferences but we generalize that all in the Desi category. So from Desi spicy Pakistani food e.g. Nihaari, paye, halwa poori, chapli kabab, BBQ etc to Italian Pizzas and pastas and American steaks and cocktails, all kinds of food and cuisines are loved by Islamabadis.

Entertainment

When it comes to entertainment we can call Islamabad an entertainment deprived city with very few options for the people to go to. In the past few years we witnessed that many food chains opened up and unfortunately eating out is the only entertainment people have here. Many years back we did have a Navdeck cinema to go and watch movies other than eating out but that also closed down. The few entertainment facilities that we have now are the Lake view park rawal dam, F1 tracks that have recently developed, Rose and Jasmin Garden, Shakarpariyan, Lok Virsa museum, Monal,, Saidpur village Arena movie theatre that also came into existence a year ago and is mainly for the people residing in Bahria town, F-9 Park Mega zone and variety of restaurants. For all the other entertainment facilities people here have to move to Rawalpindi, Murree or northern areas. It will not be wrong if we call it the city of elites because majority here are the elites who can spend handsome amount on expensive outings and can afford to move out of the country for recreation facilities so are less bothered about the lack of entertainment facilities here. But for the middle class and lower class people there aren’t many options to go to.

Clothes: Despite Shalwar kamiz being the national dress of Pakistan, Islamabadis tend to follow whatever is the latest fashion all over the country and abroad. In the last couple of years different clothing brands have emerged taking style and fashion to a whole new level. This city of elites spends huge amounts of money on branded clothing because they can afford it for this reason we see many international brands now opening their outlets here. As mentioned above the inspiration with the western culture has resulted in majority now wearing western clothes i.e. short tops, jeans, Capris, sleeveless shirts etc. Whereas there is another side that keeps themselves fully covered with abayas, scarf and veil, so we cannot say there is a specific dressing followed over here. They wear what they feel suits their style. In my opinion it is all about how they want to carry themselves and affordability of course.

Islamabad has a multi-purpose Sports Complex opposite  Aabpara . The complex includes Liaquat Gymnasium for indoor games, Mushaf Squash Complex and Jinnah Stadium for outdoor games, which is a venue for regular national and international events. Islamabad has very talented and skills players; people here follow international football teams religiously. They love playing football and cricket but unfortunately because of lack of polishing and grooming of the talented players here we are not able to bring good players out of Islamabad.

Education and Health Care

Islamabad is a city of literate people; it has a literacy rate of 87% which makes it the highest amongst all the other cities of Pakistan. A large number of public and private sector educational institutes are present here. The higher education institutes in the capital are either federally chartered or administered by private organizations and almost all of them are recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. Also high schools and colleges are either affiliated with the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education or with the UK universities education boards, O/A Levels, or IGCSE. So we see that quality education is available for people here. But education here is not affordable by all, any middle class person will not be able to afford the fees of quality institutions and unfortunately the government institutions are not delivering quality.

Being the capital of the country health services are available in abundance in different hospitals. It has both private and public medical centres. PIMS being the largest of all, followed by Shifa international, polyclinic, Kulsoom hospital, Ali medical, Al-maroof International, Capital hospital. People here are blessed to have good doctors here, but for fatal diseases like Cancer they have to move to other cities for better treatment facilities and health care equipments.

Law and Order

It being the capital law and order situation in here is good as compared to the other parts of the country where life and property is not safe. We can say that living conditions in Islamabad are good and people living in either parts of the country migrate to Islamabad to improve standard of living.  All in all from every point of view Islamabad is the best city of Pakistan.

aaj ik aur baras biit gayā us ke baġhair

jis ke hote hue hote the zamāne mere

pakistani adab

Intikhab-e-Afsana (1947-2008)

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Editor : Rasheed Amjad

Publisher : academy adabiyat pakistan, islamabad, year of publication : 2009, language : urdu, categories : short-story, pages : 813, isbn no./issn no : 978-969-472-202-2, contributor : haider ali.

About The Book

بقول فیض احمد فیض، "پاکستانی ادب" وہ ہے جس میں پاکستانی روایات،حالات، پس منظر اور بیش منظر سے مطابقت موجود ہو۔ اس میں مقامیت کے مقاصد کے ساتھ آفاقیت بھی موجود ہے۔" گویا کسی بھی ملک کا ادب اس کے ماحول ،معاشرت،مذہب، تہذیب و تمدن، اجتماعی خوابوں اور عوامی آرزؤں کا ترجمان ہوا کرتا ہے۔ قیامِ پاکستان کے بعد تخلیق پانے والے شعری اور نثری ادب کو پاکستانی ادب قرار دیا جاسکتا ہے۔ زیر نظر کتاب "پاکستانی ادب" کے اکسٹھ سالوں پر محیط انتخاب ہے، جس میں ۱۹۴۷ سے لیکر ۲۰۰۸ تک کے افسانہ و شعر کو جگہ دی گئی ہے۔ یہ انتخاب دو جلدوں پر مشتمل ہے۔ ایک جلد اردو افسانہ جبکہ دوسری جلد میں اردو شاعری کا انتخاب شامل کیا گیا ہے۔ اس انتخاب سے پاکستان کے شعرو افسانہ کے اکسٹھ سالہ مزاج و رفتار کا پتا چلتا ہے۔ اس انتخاب سے پاکستانی ادب کی ایک عمومی تصویر سامنے آجاتی ہے۔ اس انتخاب کو رشید امجد نے مرتب کیا ہے۔

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