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Advertisement, top 10 case studies in europe that showcase the power of bim, europe has been very active in the implementation of bim for public projects.

Published: 26/06/2018

BIM is growing both in fame and followers. There are more and more buildings that use this methodology to reduce time, costs and predict future problems along the project. Despite not being mandatory in Europe, the UE approved in 2014 an initiative to promote BIM implementation in public projects. Leading actors like the Nordic Countries, the UK or Germany have become the perfect spot to find some of the best BIM case studies.

We have gathered the TOP 10 projects carried away in European countries :

1. The Clichy-Batignolles, a sustainable, net-zero carbon city neighbourhood of Paris

The 54-hectare neighbourhood located in the 17th district in city's north-west will become the new home of nearly 8.000 residents, and the workplace for more than 12K. The project won the Sustainable City Grand Prize in the international Green City Solutions Awards .

The area includes a theatre, cinema, a judicial centre and more than 200K square meters of housing with a large square metre park. Leaving aside the houses, the complex will be completed by

2.A lively area of London's West End, Rathbone Square in the heart of Fitzrovia

Great Portland Estates company decided to adopt the BIM methodology from the early start to bring to life their vision for Rathbone Square. This allows them to work with built asset before the real construction process began.

Located in the heart of London's West End, the Rathbone Square has become a space for offices, retail outlets and residential apartments, surrounded by a new garden square.

3.Manchester Town Hall Complex & BIM

The main goals of the project , according to the Construction Director Alan Garbutt, was to speed up the delivery of services in a more faster, cheaper and more efficient way. BIM created an asset information model that contained all the information of the design, construction, specification and operation of the construction project.

The Manchester City Council project began in 2010 and was completed four years after. It also included the whole redesign of the town hall extension and main library.

4.Easton Commercial Centre in Helsinki

Designed by Lahdelma & Mahlamäki, the Easton Helsinki shopping centre includes 66,000m2 to celebrate the identity and culture of the city's eastern districts. It brings together not only healthy food locals but also local vendors and business in the same place.

Shopping centres are complex projects and because of that, the constructor company decided to work with a centralised BIM model that included the façade system or the environmental conditions of each shop.

5.The Napoli Afragola train station in Napoli

Designed by the Zaha Hadid Architects, the 30,000 square metres structure is located near the Naples city and its form suggests the lines of a speeding train. It will host an elevated number of travelling passengers along eight train tracks.

6.The city of Justice in Cordoba

The new Ciudad de la Justicia in Cordoba (Spain) is a new example of how BIM can help finish projects on time. We're talking about a €55 millions project with an extension of 50.895 square meters that used BIM along the coordination phase, clash detection, modifications of the project and 4D planning.

7.The House of the Future in Berlin

Presented as a combination of both museum and a technical laboratory for innovations, the building is located in the Berlin centre. The Schüßler-Plan had the challenge to build from the drawings by the architects Judge Musikowski, particularly the free-floating staircase and the sophisticated technical aspects of the buildings.

8.BBVA city in Madrid

A new BIM building has been built in Madrid. It has a large extension of 251.000 square meters and has the capacity to host up to 6.000 people. BIM was used to develop a preconstruction model that allowed the SENER company to understand the space of the building elements. The implementation of this methodology was a challenge for the constructor because it meant a change of mind in the way of working.

9.The Waterford Court House in Waterford, Ireland

The BSI team were invited on site recently to the Waterford Courthouse, part of the Courts Bundle PPP project awarded to BAM Ireland to find out more. BIM is driving efficiency within BAM Ireland, and how BSI Kitemark™ for Design and Construction is delivering value for BAM and its supply chain.

10.Victoria Gate shopping centre in Leeds

With a cost of 165 million pounds, the Victoria Gate Shopping Centre opened to the public in 2016. It is one of the largest establishments across the UK and it includes a total of 30 shops, restaurants, a casino and a parking for 800 cars. The BIM helped to coordinate the facade, steelwork and MEP and civil engineering.

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Welcome to ECASA

Home of the european case study alliance.

ECASA is an EU-funded Project putting the case study method at the centre of business education by co-creating European-wide, cutting-edge case studies.

Learning Today, Leading Tomorrow!

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Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts

Dortmund University is committed to high-quality teaching and research, providing talented people with an academic education and environment that encourages them to develop their potential.

Kaunas University of Technology

Technological University of Dublin

Technological University Dublin, College of Business, Ireland’s first technological university where learning is practice based and research-informed education . We are committed to research commercialisation and technology transfer.

Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences

Our mission.

ECASA is strongly committed to develop the case method as a regional-based but international-oriented – integrated approach in research, teaching, and practice and to promote a systematic, professional and guided approach for case lecturers in European HEI. The main target groups are students and staff members of partner universities and other European HEIs, particularly business and management related studies that are interested in the Integrated Case Method.

Our Objectives

Development of authentic teaching cases on European SMEs with their specific challenges and resource configuration and patterns of internationalisation, especially in a European context based on grounded research .

We want to hear from you if you are interested in the case study method in business education. For further information and to get talking please fill your details in the form provided.

Energy Community Case studies

Discover our energy community case studies.

In order to inspire energy communities across the EU to begin or continue their energy transition journey, the Energy Communities Repository has published a set of case studies of communities who have successfully implemented projects, or who follow an innovative approach in some way or another.

We hope that by getting to know these communities, you will discover how to solve a problem your community is currently facing, or maybe consider an approach or service that you had not so far included in your activities.

There are many more energy communities out there - take a look at the EU energy communities map to discover more!

The Energy Communities Repository website is no longer maintained and has been archived.

You can still find the ECR video material and use the interactive maps on DG Energy’s website (copy and paste the url):

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European CAse Study Alliance (ECASA)

ECASA is an EU-funded project putting the case study method at the centre of business education by co-creating European-wide, cutting-edge case studies. Based on the Higher Education Modernisation Agenda of the European Commission, ECASA intends to develop a strategic alliance between European HEIs themselves, as well as between HEIs and businesses. ECASA is strongly committed to develop the business case method as a regional-based but international-oriented – integrated approach in research, teaching, and business practice.

The European Union programme Erasmus+

8 case study studies for bachelor’s, master’s and executive in management have been prepared. An international case study competition has been organized and will have continuity. Case studies for bachelors: 1. Case study on Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_1 EN Authors Prof. Dr. Jan-Philipp Büchler (FH Dortmund) Prof. Dr. Axel Faix (FH Dortmund) Prof. Dr. Gregor Brüggelambert (FH Dortmund) Anna Weiland, B.A. (FH Dortmund) Abstract GEA Farm Technologies is a mid-sized world market leader of mechanical equipment and service solutions for milk production and livestock farming. The so-called hidden champion developed a set of capabilities and core competencies to innovate the industry’s established business model through a two-fold strategy balancing internal and external growth. The case study invites students to explore the benefits and limits of this business model innovation and requires them to investigate further strategic options for growth.

2. Entering the Next Level of Value Generation: Servitization and Digitization for Industry 4.0 by ifm electronic Case study on Bachelor level Ref. No. ECASA_2020_2 EN Authors Robert Ciszweski, M.A. (ifm electronic GmbH) Prof. Dr. Jan-Philipp Büchler (FH Dortmund) Abstract Ifm electronic is a mid-sized wold market leader in sensor electronics for industry and automotive applications. The hidden champion shows an impressive growth trajectory in the last 20 years from around 200 mio. € to 1 bn. € in 2019. In this case study, the ambitious leaders of this company start to elaborate the strategy for achieving the next billion. Students are required to identify the drivers of growth in the past decades and evaluate the steadiness of this recipe for success in the context of major shifts and technological advances in key customer industries such as industry 4.0 and new business models driven by digitization and servitization. Thus, students will explore the benefits and limits of business model innovation and investigate further strategic options for growth.

3. Birkman.NL: Crafting The Future Case study on Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_3 EN Author Helen de Haan (Rotterdam Business School, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences) Abstract Birkman.nl is a small branch of a large US-Based consultancy company Birkman.nl. In an increasingly overcrowded and fragmented assessment market. Despite this challenge, Birkman.nl has maintained a stable competitive position. However, the competition coming from the consulting and software industries has created new entrants and substitutes for Birkman in the European market. Meanwhile, the lack of marketing strategy and budget does not help to address the large heterogeneity in different European countries. The CEO of Birkman.nl Mr. van der Loo is actively searching for new customers in the Dutch and surrounding markets, and, if possible, is looking to enter the Eastern European market.

4. IQ-Pass: Accelerate and upscale to the next level Case study on Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_4 EN Author Helen de Haan (Rotterdam Business School, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences) Abstract European business environment has many specific market conditions due to the differences in terms of legislation, culture & language, business practices, etc. Many European companies are in the transition of combining digital transformation (apps, software and platform development) and their traditional industrial bases. Another trend in European business development is consolidation, i.e. merger and acquisitions. Small but very innovative companies can be easily taken over by larger companies. When such a small but innovative company becomes a business unit in of a large organisation after acquisition or take-over, maintaining innovation-based growth can be problematic. By understanding this dynamic and the unique characteristics of European small and medium enterprises (SMEs), students will learn and practise knowledge from key subject areas in identifying market opportunities, developing market entry strategies and a feasible marketing plan for each targeted area.

5. JSC Bavarus: Scaling projects for a small company operating in dynamic environment Case study on Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_5 EN Authors Ruta Ciutiene (Kaunas University of Technology) Evelina Meiliene (Kaunas University of Technology). Abstract JSC BAVARUS is small company operating in Lithuania. The company has been engaged in wholesale of textile products such as yarns, fabrics, needles and sewing threads for ten years already. The company exports textiles from foreign countries and sells to local furniture and textile companies. The rapidly changing business environment and the requirements of Industry 4.0 pose new challenges not only for manufacturing companies, but also for all business sectors. JSC BAVARUS face with challenges such as competition, processes digitalization, customers’ new expectations and others. Projects drive change in organizations and open and opens up growth opportunities. Therefore, students are introduced to core concepts such as projects, role of the projects aiming the development and growth of the company, the importance of stakeholders and risk identification and risk analysis and planning how to deal with risks. The case focuses on changes that respond changes in the organization’s environment.

6. UAB SDG: Recruitment based on values Case study on Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_6 EN Authors Lina Girdauskiene (Kaunas University of Technology) Asta Savaneviciene (Kaunas University of Technology) Rasa Laliene (Kaunas University of Technology) Zivile Stankeviciute (Kaunas University of Technology) Abstract JSC SDG is a group of companies providing safe work consultancy services. The company was established in 2002 and has grown to the group of the companies. During the growth period organization faced various human resource management problems. One of the most significant issues are leadership. Recruiting suitable employees is a challenging aspect, as it affects the well-being of the employees and the goals of the organization.

7. Glendalough Distillery: The Internationalisation Challenge Case study for Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_7 EN Authors Aileen Kennedy (Technological University Dublin College of Business) Tara Rooney (Technological University Dublin College of Business) Abstract This case study focuses on the emergence and growth of an Irish-owned start-up challenger brand Glendalough, entering the highly competitive global whiskey market. From their origins in 2011, this small enterprise has gained global attention for their innovative products, their strong focus on branding and their rapid success. The case centres on their acquisition by Mark Anthony Brands, a major North American drinks producer and distributor, who took a stake in the business early on. The next phase for Glendalough will focus on how to maximise this relationship with Mark Anthony Brands. While this will give them increased access and power in the North American market how exactly should Glendalough tackle this opportunity?

8. Portwest’s Future Strategy: Fashionising Workwear – Threading The Needle Case study for Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_8 EN Authors Fiachra Coll (Technological University Dublin College of Business) Damian O’Reilly (Technological University Dublin College of Business) Abstract Portwest- should they further pursue the leisurewear / workwear market or should they focus on expanding the current range? Portwest is a global manufacturer and innovator of workwear, safetywear and Personal protective equipment (PPE) and one of the fastest growing workwear companies in the world. Recently, the company launched an “Inspired Workwear” collection targeting the leisurewear/workwear market. It is a departure from their traditional markets where their acquisition strategy has seen Portwest rapidly gain market share. Management are concerned that this new departure may take resources from the core business of Workwear and dilute key resources. 8. Portwest’s Future Strategy: Fashionising Workwear – Threading The Needle Case study for Bachelor level Reference No. ECASA_2020_8 EN Authors Fiachra Coll (Technological University Dublin College of Business) Damian O’Reilly (Technological University Dublin College of Business) Abstract Portwest- should they further pursue the leisurewear / workwear market or should they focus on expanding the current range? Portwest is a global manufacturer and innovator of workwear, safetywear and Personal protective equipment (PPE) and one of the fastest growing workwear companies in the world. Recently, the company launched an “Inspired Workwear” collection targeting the leisurewear/workwear market. It is a departure from their traditional markets where their acquisition strategy has seen Portwest rapidly gain market share. Management are concerned that this new departure may take resources from the core business of Workwear and dilute key resources.

Period of project implementation: 2019-09-01 - 2022-08-31

Project coordinator: Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts

Project partners: Kaunas University of Technology, Technological University Dublin, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences

Head: Asta Savanevičienė

Duration: 2019 - 2022

Department: Academic Centre of Economics, Business and Management, School of Economics and Business

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Comparing Social Housing: 30 Projects from Countries Around the World

Written by Niall Patrick Walsh
Published on January 09, 2022

The security and dignity of a good-quality home is one of the most important and liberating qualities in society. For people experiencing financial or social pressures, many countries offer some form of public or social housing system. While there is no fixed definition for social housing, it often involves the design, construction, and allocation of housing by government authorities, or non-profit organizations.

Just as social housing systems differ throughout the world, so too does the architecture of social housing . A government’s outlook or priorities for social housing provision, which can differ between capacity, cost, sustainability, or urban regeneration, all contribute to unique responses by architects and designers. Below, we identify six systems from countries around the world, complete with architectural examples.

In the Belgian system , social housing is provided for people on low incomes, whether they be individuals or families. For 40 years, the social housing system has been decentralized to the country’s three regions: the Brussels Region, Flemish Region, and Walloon Region. Social housing can be provided by municipalities, public companies, co-operatives, or non-profit organizations.

Belgium has organized its social housing stock under two categories. “Social” housing caters for people in social or financial hardship and is allocated based on a combination of income levels and priority groups. Meanwhile, “intermediate” housing is allocated to people in less precarious situations, but who are still in need of public assistance. Approximately 6.5% of the Belgian housing market consists of social housing, totaling over 280,000 units.

Social Housing Refurbishment in Izegem / Architect Lieven Dejaeghere

6 Identical Differences / Architectuuratelier Dertien12

Social Housing in Brussels / Nicolas Vanden Eeckhoudt & Olivier Noterman

Den Travoo / BOGDAN & VAN BROECK

St-Agatha-Berchem Sustainable Social Housing / Buro II & Archi+I

In the last 30 years, Chile has made long strides in proving access to affordable housing. The OECD points out that the proportion of families and individuals who have no housing, or sub-standard housing, fell from 23% in 1992 to 10% in 2011. However, poor quality and overcrowded housing remains an issue compared to international standards, as does residential segregation in urban areas.

Provisions for affordable and social housing in Chile includes subsidies to low and middle-income households, rent-to-buy schemes, and rental subsidies. Programs such as the Subsidios para Acondicionamiento Termico de la Vivienda also offers housing regeneration subsidies for households in the first three quintiles of the income distribution, including repairing roofs and walls, and improving energy efficiency.

Las Perdices Social Housing / Gubbins Arquitectos, Polidura + Talhouk Arquitectos

Ruca Dwellings / Undurraga Devés Arquitectos

Quinta Monroy / ELEMENTAL

Villa Verde Housing / ELEMENTAL

Suarez House / Arq2g arquitectura

The Netherlands

In the Netherlands, social housing, known as “sociale huurwoningen,” is offered to citizens at a subsidized rate. Those living in subsidized homes pay no more than €710.68 per month, with the government contributing the remainder. Rent controls mean that prices cannot rise by more than 4.3% per year. Housing is administered through a points system, which determines the value of the property the applicant will live in, and hence their rent. Oversight of the system is carried out by the Centraal Fonds Volkshuisvesting (central housing fund).

Housing associations, known as “toegelaten instellingen,” manage social housing in the Netherlands, as well as the surrounding neighborhood, monitoring graffiti, preventing crime, and maintaining public facilities from playgrounds to car parks. They manage over 2.4 million units nationwide.

Europan 10 Project / DROM

Block A Noordstrook / Dick van Gameren architecten

Karspeldreef Block AB / Dick van Gameren architecten

Comparing Social Housing: 30 Projects from Countries Around the World - Image 16 of 31

Social Housing Sandtlaan / HVE architecten

Block 51-C / Dick van Gameren architecten

In Mexico , housing for low-income groups is provided by self-help housing, where families play a major role in building their own homes, or social housing. In the last ten years, several programs have been introduced to aid social or affordable housing. The “Tu Casa” and “Vivienda Rural” programs provide grants for new home construction, purchasing of existing homes, and home renovations.

In 2007, the “Esta es tu Casa” program was introduced to aid households whose incomes were less than five times the minimum wage for home purchase, construction, or improvement. The funds are released through executive bodies such as banks, housing institutions. Social housing production is now incorporating priorities such as sustainability, and re-densification in the inner-city.

Z53 Social Housing / MAP/MX + Grupo Nodus

ITI 68 / tallerdea

Social Housing Production: Exercise I / Inhabitants of Tepetzintan + Comunal Architecture Workshop

One More Room / ANTNA

Cacamatzin 34 / tallerdea

The Spanish Constitution guarantees the right to housing to Spanish citizens. As the country faces a housing crisis, rent increases are only permitted every five years and tied to the inflation rate.

Unlike many European countries, Spain’s housing stock is almost entirely owner-occupied , with 95% of rental units owned by individuals, rather than institutions. This has filtered to the social housing system, where a high number of social houses are given on freehold terms, rather than subsidized rental schemes.

“Santa Madrona”. 62 Social Dwellings / Pich-Aguilera Architects

219 Social Dwellings in Vitoria / Francisco Mangado

Social Housing in Sa Pobla / RIPOLLTIZON

Social Housing for Mine Workers / Zon-e Arquitectos

19 Subsidized Dwellings for Young People at the Old Town Center in Lleida / Pàmpols Arquitecte

United States

Social housing in the United States often takes the form of “Subsidized housing” administrated by federal, state, and local agencies. Public housing is priced below market rates, with federal programs often offering monthly rates at 30% of the household’s income. More than 1.2 million households as classed as public housing throughout the country, managed by 3300 public housing associations.

Eligibility for public housing in the United States is based on annual gross income, citizenship or immigration status, or allowances for the elderly, persons with disabilities, or families. While local Housing Associations administer social housing, the ultimate responsibility rests with the Department for Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

Boston Road / Alexander Gorlin Architects

Broadway Housing / Kevin Daly Architects

Step Up on Fifth / Brooks + Scarpa

Casa Grande Senior Apartments / Archumana

Pruitt-Igoe Housing Project / Minoru Yamasaki

Editor's Note: This article was originally published on January 17, 2020.

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Comparing Social Housing: 30 Projects from Countries Around the World - Image 1 of 31

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Broadway Housing / Kevin Daly Architects. Image © Iwan Baan

盘点全球六个国家的社会住房系统

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Advancing Digital Empowerment of Libraries in Europe

Collection of library case studies.

As part of the ADELE project, we collected 100 case studies of digital innovation in public libraries. These best practices have been compiled and made public with the aim to initiate the integration of technology into non-formal education activities within public libraries. We also created a booklet where we spotlighted 20 best practices from the collection of 100 case studies to highlight various innovative projects and initiatives being implemented by public libraries across Europe. While all the case studies are available in English, the booklet was translated into German, Bulgarian and Italian.

Download our Case Study Booklet:

ADELE Case Study Booklet (English).pdf
ADELE Case Study Booklet (Bulgarian).pdf
ADELE Case Study Booklet (German).pdf
ADELE Case Study Booklet (Italian).pdf

Below, you can have a look at all the case studies we collected from the libraries of the ADELE European Network. The case studies explore digital innovation of public libraries across the 6 ADELE competence areas. To help librarians navigate the resources, a database containing the full list of the collected case studies and the specific tags and areas of competence was created.

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Successful Erasmus+ Projects: Some Case Studies

Conference paper
First Online: 16 June 2022
Cite this conference paper

María Goretti Alonso de Castro ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-9364 9 &
Francisco José García-Peñalvo ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9987-5584 10

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13328))

Included in the following conference series:

International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction

936 Accesses

1 Citations

The analysis of successful projects provides valuable information for finding inspiration and learn from good practices to implement them in future projects. In the case of Erasmus+, there is a very rich project database with catalogued projects that allows access to them what is very useful to analyse the published data of good practice or success stories projects. In the research that is being carried out, reason for this article, a group of good practices or success story projects related to eLearning have been selected, they have been analysed based on the information found on the Erasmus+ Projects Results Platform, their coordinators have been surveyed to gather more information from the projects and interviews are being carried out with those coordinators whose projects have been, and continue to be, useful beyond the funding period even in the pandemic crisis. This article presents the methodology for the interviews and the first results obtained in four of them as an example. The main results for the success and sustainability have been the importance of analysing the needs of students and/or teachers in innovative themes, the integration of the project outcomes into the teaching-learning processes and a good relationship with the project partners. All that using ICT as a tool to better implement the project activities with an easy access from any place, at any time and with any type of device.

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The User Perspective on Innovation in eLearning: A Single-Case Study from IBM

Exploring a Framework for Constructivist Design with the eLearning Space

OECD: Trends Shaping Education 2022. OECD Publishing, Paris (2022)

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Acknowledgments

This research work has been carried out within the Doctoral Program in Education in the field of the Knowledge Society of the University of Salamanca ( http://knowledgesociety.usal.es ) [49, 50] with the tutoring and supervision of Francisco José García-Peñalvo, as well as the support available from the University of Salamanca and specifically from the GRIAL group [ 51 ].

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Alonso de Castro, M.G., García-Peñalvo, F.J. (2022). Successful Erasmus+ Projects: Some Case Studies. In: Zaphiris, P., Ioannou, A. (eds) Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Designing the Learner and Teacher Experience. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13328. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05657-4_28

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Why students choose the european project semester program for academic mobility: a case study at an engineering school.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. the european project semester (eps), 2.2. theoretical framework: push–pull factors of international academic mobility, 2.3. research methodology, 3.1. sample, 3.2. survey study, 3.3. focus group study, 4. discussion and conclusions, 4.1. implications for practice, 4.2. limitations and future research, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Click here to enlarge figure

	%

18–21	39.7
22–25	51.3
26–29	7.7
More than 30	1.3

Male	51.3
Female	47.4
Another	1.3

	%

First cycle (Bachelor or equivalent)	75.6
Second cycle (Master or equivalent)	24.4

3 months	25.6
6 months	66.7
Full Bachelor study	6.4

Erasmus+	88.5
Erasmus Mundus	5.1
Other	6.4

	Mean	SD
EU study grants	3.62	1.57
Contribution from parents/family	3.38	1.37
Own income from previous job	3.32	1.24
Study grants/loans from host country	2.77	1.57
Support by home state grant (non-repayable)	2.40	1.64
Support by home state loan (repayable)	1.85	1.38
By working during my studies abroad	1.72	1.23

	Mean	SD
Country of origin official language	4.96	0.19
English	4.26	0.67
Portuguese	1.63	1.23

	Mean	SD
Q1—For leisure/fun/travel	4.40	0.79
Q4—Make new friends, create an international social network	4.37	0.87
Q6—Learn a different culture and tradition	4.23	0.84
Q5—Be challenged	4.10	1.01
Q2—Acquire more knowledge and develop skills	4.09	0.91
Q3—Improve foreign language skills	4.01	1.23
Q7—Improve the CV	3.81	1.21
Q8—Have an international career	3.71	1.03
Q9—Seek better job opportunities	3.46	1.20
Q10—Facilitate inclusion in the labour market	3.27	1.04
Q11—Study at a recognised engineering school	2.83	1.33
Q12—Have less workload concluding the course units	2.60	1.13

	Mean	SD
Personal motivations	4.22	0.98
Professional motivations	3.56	1.12
Academic motivations	3.44	1.05

	Mean	SD
Q14—Environment (good climate, political and economic environment)	3.99	1.01
Q13—Financial issues (lower travel cost, lower cost of living)	3.42	1.32
Q16—Overall level of knowledge and awareness (available information on country, quality of education)	3.35	1.07
Q17—Personal recommendations (friends and family that have been to the host country)	3.10	1.39
Q15—Geographical proximity (distance from home country)	2.50	1.42
Q18—Social links (friends and family that live in the host country)	2.24	1.51

	Mean	SD
Q21—International learning environment	3.96	1.10
Q19—Attractive and historical city	3.86	1.07
Q20—Favourable geographical location	3.85	1.07
Q25—The city has a low cost of living	3.24	1.25
Q22—Qualifications of the institution are internationally recognised	2.94	1.21
Q24—The institution has a good reputation	2.82	1.30
Q23—Personal recommendations (friends who studied in the institution)	2.12	1.41

Q1. English is the official language in EPS. How relevant was this fact for your decision to apply?
“It was extremely important.” “…was essential”	15
“I would have applied anyway. If it wasn’t in English…it would be a huge challenge.”	1
“I only understand basic words in Portuguese….”	4
“Portuguese is a very complex language. We wouldn’t learn enough …Portuguese.”	1
Q2. Being the EPS entirely in English, are you interested in learning Portuguese? What are your aims, what is its usefulness for you?
“…for greeting when entering the room. I really love to say, good morning!”	18
“It’s useful to communicate in the grocery, to ask for a coffee, it’s nice to ask in Portuguese.”	7
“I like understanding the local slang.”	3
“learning new languages”	4
Q3. What were you expecting or planning to do while in Porto?
“Just be in Porto.” “Definitely, enjoy the city centre.”	8
“Friends told me how nice and friendly Portuguese people are.”	4
“I wanted to know the country.” “…a nice place with sun…”	3
“I didn’t plan…I just wanted to go with the flow”	2
4. Which were the skills you expected to improve by attending the EPS Programme?
“Working in team—so…teamwork, cooperation.”	18
“Being able to interact with other cultures.”	18
“…learn by doing, a practical course, get more than theory…”	18
“I was looking forward to developing communication skills in a large team.”	16
“acquire programming skills…”	2
5. Which were the foreign languages you expected to improve? Portuguese?
“Improve my English-speaking skills.” “Not really, Portuguese.”	18
“Learn Portuguese, the basics.”	2
“And learn a few words in the other EPS students’ languages, for example. Not the language.”	1
6. What exactly do you consider a favourable geographical location to be? What were the characteristics of the city of Porto and Portugal that influenced your decision?
“Being close to the ocean.” “Good weather with no snow…”	18
“A strategic place to travel from, it has an airport with good flight connections.”“…Ryanair…”	17
“My girlfriend was also in Porto.” “My boyfriend also…” “Some of my friends…”	5
“I’ve heard great things about Porto.”	5
“…almost everyone speaks English.”	5
“A place where the cost is lower: cheaper to live in, and to travel to.”	3
“I had already been in Porto and really wanted to get back.”	1
“For me, it’s also the landscapes and architecture.”	1

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Sousa, M.; Fontão, E.; Barata, A. Why Students Choose the European Project Semester Program for Academic Mobility: A Case Study at an Engineering School. Educ. Sci. 2024 , 14 , 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070735

Sousa M, Fontão E, Barata A. Why Students Choose the European Project Semester Program for Academic Mobility: A Case Study at an Engineering School. Education Sciences . 2024; 14(7):735. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070735

Sousa, Marina, Eunice Fontão, and Ana Barata. 2024. "Why Students Choose the European Project Semester Program for Academic Mobility: A Case Study at an Engineering School" Education Sciences 14, no. 7: 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070735

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Abstract: In the pursuit of enhancing domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) emerges as a promising solution to mitigate issues such as hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and limited expertise in highly specialized queries. However, existing approaches to RAG fall short by neglecting system state variables, which are crucial for ensuring adaptive control, retrieval halting, and system convergence. In this paper, we introduce the TC-RAG through rigorous proof, a novel framework that addresses these challenges by incorporating a Turing Complete System to manage state variables, thereby enabling more efficient and accurate knowledge retrieval. By leveraging a memory stack system with adaptive retrieval, reasoning, and planning capabilities, TC-RAG not only ensures the controlled halting of retrieval processes but also mitigates the accumulation of erroneous knowledge via Push and Pop actions. In the case study of the medical domain, our extensive experiments on real-world healthcare datasets demonstrate the superiority of TC-RAG over existing methods in accuracy by over 7.20\%. Our dataset and code have been available at https://https://github.com/Artessay/SAMA.git.

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