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A research journal is a periodical that contains articles written by experts in a particular field of study who report the results of research in that field. The articles are intended to be read by other experts or students of the field, and they are typically much more sophisticated and advanced than the articles found in general magazines. This guide offers some tips to help distinguish scholarly journals from other periodicals.

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Characterizing Long COVID in Children and Adolescents

• 1 Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
• 2 Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
• 3 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
• 4 Division of Population Health, Quality, and Implementation Sciences (PopQuIS), Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
• 5 Bristol Myers Squibb Children’s Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey
• 6 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
• 7 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
• 8 Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
• 9 Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
• 10 Division of Child and Community Health, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
• 11 Departments of Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, and Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
• 12 School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
• 13 Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
• 14 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
• 15 Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
• 16 Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
• 17 Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
• 18 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City
• 19 Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
• 20 Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City
• 21 Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
• 22 Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
• 23 Division of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
• 24 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
• 25 Division of Child Study Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
• 26 Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
• 27 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
• 28 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
• 29 NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York
• 30 Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
• 31 RECOVER Patient, Caregiver, or Community Advocate Representative, New York, New York
• 32 Long Covid Families, Charlotte, North Carolina
• 33 Division of Long COVID, Department of Pandemic Equity, Vermont Center for Independent Living, Montpelier
• 34 Patient Led Research Collaborative, Washington, DC
• 35 CORe Community, Inc (COVID Recovery through Community, a 501c3), New York, New York
• 36 Division of Community Impact, Department of Health Strategies, American Heart Association, Atlanta, Georgia
• 37 Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
• 38 Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
• 39 Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York
• Editorial Uncovering Pediatric Long COVID Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS JAMA

Question   What prolonged symptoms experienced by youth are most associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Findings   Among 5367 participants in the RECOVER-Pediatrics cohort study, 14 symptoms in both school-age children (6-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years) were more common in those with vs without SARS-CoV-2 infection history, with 4 additional symptoms in school-age children only and 3 in adolescents only. Empirically derived indices for PASC research and associated clustering patterns were developed.

Meaning   This study developed research indices for characterizing pediatric PASC. Symptom patterns were similar but distinguishable between school-age children and adolescents, highlighting the importance of characterizing PASC separately in different age groups.

Importance   Most research to understand postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID, has focused on adults, with less known about this complex condition in children. Research is needed to characterize pediatric PASC to enable studies of underlying mechanisms that will guide future treatment.

Objective   To identify the most common prolonged symptoms experienced by children (aged 6 to 17 years) after SARS-CoV-2 infection, how these symptoms differ by age (school-age [6-11 years] vs adolescents [12-17 years]), how they cluster into distinct phenotypes, and what symptoms in combination could be used as an empirically derived index to assist researchers to study the likely presence of PASC.

Design, Setting, and Participants   Multicenter longitudinal observational cohort study with participants recruited from more than 60 US health care and community settings between March 2022 and December 2023, including school-age children and adolescents with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection history.

Exposure   SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Outcomes and Measures   PASC and 89 prolonged symptoms across 9 symptom domains.

Results   A total of 898 school-age children (751 with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection [referred to as infected ] and 147 without [referred to as uninfected ]; mean age, 8.6 years; 49% female; 11% were Black or African American, 34% were Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish, and 60% were White) and 4469 adolescents (3109 infected and 1360 uninfected; mean age, 14.8 years; 48% female; 13% were Black or African American, 21% were Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish, and 73% were White) were included. Median time between first infection and symptom survey was 506 days for school-age children and 556 days for adolescents. In models adjusted for sex and race and ethnicity, 14 symptoms in both school-age children and adolescents were more common in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection history compared with those without infection history, with 4 additional symptoms in school-age children only and 3 in adolescents only. These symptoms affected almost every organ system. Combinations of symptoms most associated with infection history were identified to form a PASC research index for each age group; these indices correlated with poorer overall health and quality of life. The index emphasizes neurocognitive, pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms in school-age children but change or loss in smell or taste, pain, and fatigue/malaise–related symptoms in adolescents. Clustering analyses identified 4 PASC symptom phenotypes in school-age children and 3 in adolescents.

Conclusions and Relevance   This study developed research indices for characterizing PASC in children and adolescents. Symptom patterns were similar but distinguishable between the 2 groups, highlighting the importance of characterizing PASC separately for these age ranges.

• Editorial Uncovering Pediatric Long COVID JAMA

Read More About

Gross RS , Thaweethai T , Kleinman LC, et al. Characterizing Long COVID in Children and Adolescents. JAMA. Published online August 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.12747

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Family’s new ‘forever home’ in Eudora is the first zero-net energy house from Lawrence Habitat for Humanity and Atmos Energy

photo by: Josie Heimsoth/Journal-World

Lawrence Habitat for Humanity staff and volunteers along with Kathryn Gilmore and her son, Liam, cut the ribbon during the dedication ceremony on Thursday, August 22, 2024.

When Kathryn Gilmore received the news from Lawrence Habitat for Humanity that she would be getting a home, it was far from a blur. Amid tears of joy and sharing the news with friends and family, she felt, most of all, a tremendous weight lifted off her shoulders.

“Like, we’re going to have a home,” Gilmore said.

“When I got the final approval saying that you’re going to be getting one of these homes, I was calling everybody, calling my mom, my aunts, and my dad was with me at the time because we work together,” Gilmore told the Journal-World. “I was so excited I actually left work early to go and tell my son, and he was so excited and jumped up and down and gave me a hug.”

The new home in Eudora, which was unveiled on Thursday, is special for more than one reason — it’s the first zero-net-energy home created as part of a partnership between Habitat for Humanity and Atmos Energy. Gilmore and her son, Liam, are the 106th family to receive a home from Lawrence Habitat for Humanity.

Gilmore has been a tile setter on a construction team for about eight years, and she and her dad even did tile work on the new home. She said that while she has done lots of work on other people’s houses, this is the first time she has been able to enjoy her own work with her dad by her side.

The process of creating the three-bedroom, two-bathroom home took at least two years, and although Gilmore began working on the house in February, she was deeply inspired by the dedication of the Lawrence Habitat staff and volunteers. As she approaches her move-in date, Gilmore said she is excited about all that the future holds.

“I truly do feel blessed that I get to have this experience and get to go through the process and meet all of the amazing people that I have in the process of building this home,” Gilmore said. “I’m looking forward to helping out with the next house.”

During the dedication ceremony on Thursday, Lawrence Habitat for Humanity Executive Director Erika Zimmerman said her organization was honored and grateful to be a part of Gilmore’s story.

Kathryn Gilmore stands in front of her newly constructed zero net energy home built by Lawrence Habitat for Humanity on Thursday, August 22, 2024.

“She’s met every single challenge throughout the build process straight on and with a smile,” Zimmerman said at the dedication ceremony. “Kathryn has put in over 200 hours building her home and taking home ownership education classes. In a matter of weeks, she will sign a mortgage, and then she and Liam will move into the house.”

As a net-zero home, the house is designed to produce as much energy as it consumes over the course of a year. The home was designed and constructed to meet rigorous green building standards. It features rooftop solar panels with a 7.8 kilowatt design, high-efficiency Energy Star natural gas appliances, premium insulation and windows and advanced weatherization elements, all contributing to increased energy efficiency.

“We always talk about natural gas being the most affordable energy source for a lot of Americans and we really wanted to showcase that, not only in these homes, but it certainly has a longer lasting impact,” said Atmos Energy Manager of Public Affairs Aaron Bishop. “We want to make sure that we’re good environmental stewards as well as being good stewards to the family that’s going to be moving into this home.”

This home integrates renewable energy with natural gas, using solar panels for electricity and natural gas for heating. While natural gas is a fossil fuel, Bishop said gas companies like Atmos are making an effort to reduce their methane emissions and enhance the efficiency of their systems.

“Our goal is to reduce our methane emissions on our natural gas distribution by 50% by the year 2035, and we’ve already accomplished about a 17% reduction,” Bishop said. “We’re making it happen.”

Zimmerman said that this project was exciting for both the staff and volunteers, showcasing the true potential of affordable energy and living in Douglas County.

“It really helped open our eyes and help us understand what it really means to build an energy efficient home,” Zimmerman said. “Now that we know those things, we can take that into every build going forward.”

Lawrence Habitat for Humanity and Atmos Energy held a dedication ceremony for their natural gas-powered zero net energy home on Thursday, August 22, 2024.

Overall, Zimmerman said that what truly inspired the partnership was their shared vision to provide an affordable home while proving that it is possible to succeed in achieving net-zero energy.

“To say that this house has been a journey would be an understatement,” Zimmerman said at the dedication ceremony. “We’ve had challenges and triumphs while building this house, but at the end of the day, Kathryn will get to realize her dream of becoming a homeowner, and Liam will get his forever home.”

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