presentation on ethical dilemma

A Framework for Ethical Decision Making

• Markkula Center for Applied Ethics
• Ethics Resources

This document is designed as an introduction to thinking ethically. Read more about what the framework can (and cannot) do .  

We all have an image of our better selves—of how we are when we act ethically or are “at our best.” We probably also have an image of what an ethical community, an ethical business, an ethical government, or an ethical society should be. Ethics really has to do with all these levels—acting ethically as individuals, creating ethical organizations and governments, and making our society as a whole more ethical in the way it treats everyone.

What is Ethics?

Ethics refers to standards and practices that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves—as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, professionals, and so on. Ethics is also concerned with our character. It requires knowledge, skills, and habits. 

It is helpful to identify what ethics is NOT:

• Ethics is not the same as feelings . Feelings do provide important information for our ethical choices. However, while some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, others feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And, often, our feelings will tell us that it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is difficult.
• Ethics is not the same as religion . Many people are not religious but act ethically, and some religious people act unethically. Religious traditions can, however, develop and advocate for high ethical standards, such as the Golden Rule.
• Ethics is not the same thing as following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt—a function of power alone and designed to serve the interests of narrow groups. Law may also have a difficult time designing or enforcing standards in some important areas and may be slow to address new problems.
• Ethics is not the same as following culturally accepted norms . Cultures can include both ethical and unethical customs, expectations, and behaviors. While assessing norms, it is important to recognize how one’s ethical views can be limited by one’s own cultural perspective or background, alongside being culturally sensitive to others.
• Ethics is not science . Social and natural science can provide important data to help us make better and more informed ethical choices. But science alone does not tell us what we ought to do. Some things may be scientifically or technologically possible and yet unethical to develop and deploy.

Six Ethical Lenses

If our ethical decision-making is not solely based on feelings, religion, law, accepted social practice, or science, then on what basis can we decide between right and wrong, good and bad? Many philosophers, ethicists, and theologians have helped us answer this critical question. They have suggested a variety of different lenses that help us perceive ethical dimensions. Here are six of them:

The Rights Lens

Some suggest that the ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected. This approach starts from the belief that humans have a dignity based on their human nature per se or on their ability to choose freely what they do with their lives. On the basis of such dignity, they have a right to be treated as ends in themselves and not merely as means to other ends. The list of moral rights—including the rights to make one's own choices about what kind of life to lead, to be told the truth, not to be injured, to a degree of privacy, and so on—is widely debated; some argue that non-humans have rights, too. Rights are also often understood as implying duties—in particular, the duty to respect others' rights and dignity.

( For further elaboration on the rights lens, please see our essay, “Rights.” )

The Justice Lens

Justice is the idea that each person should be given their due, and what people are due is often interpreted as fair or equal treatment. Equal treatment implies that people should be treated as equals   according to some defensible standard such as merit or need, but not necessarily that everyone should be treated in the exact same way in every respect. There are different types of justice that address what people are due in various contexts. These include social justice (structuring the basic institutions of society), distributive justice (distributing benefits and burdens), corrective justice (repairing past injustices), retributive justice (determining how to appropriately punish wrongdoers), and restorative or transformational justice (restoring relationships or transforming social structures as an alternative to criminal punishment).

( For further elaboration on the justice lens, please see our essay, “Justice and Fairness.” )

The Utilitarian Lens

Some ethicists begin by asking, “How will this action impact everyone affected?”—emphasizing the consequences of our actions. Utilitarianism, a results-based approach, says that the ethical action is the one that produces the greatest balance of good over harm for as many stakeholders as possible. It requires an accurate determination of the likelihood of a particular result and its impact. For example, the ethical corporate action, then, is the one that produces the greatest good and does the least harm for all who are affected—customers, employees, shareholders, the community, and the environment. Cost/benefit analysis is another consequentialist approach.

( For further elaboration on the utilitarian lens, please see our essay, “Calculating Consequences.” )

The Common Good Lens

According to the common good approach, life in community is a good in itself and our actions should contribute to that life. This approach suggests that the interlocking relationships of society are the basis of ethical reasoning and that respect and compassion for all others—especially the vulnerable—are requirements of such reasoning. This approach also calls attention to the common conditions that are important to the welfare of everyone—such as clean air and water, a system of laws, effective police and fire departments, health care, a public educational system, or even public recreational areas. Unlike the utilitarian lens, which sums up and aggregates goods for every individual, the common good lens highlights mutual concern for the shared interests of all members of a community.

( For further elaboration on the common good lens, please see our essay, “The Common Good.” )

The Virtue Lens

A very ancient approach to ethics argues that ethical actions ought to be consistent with certain ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. These virtues are dispositions and habits that enable us to act according to the highest potential of our character and on behalf of values like truth and beauty. Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, tolerance, love, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues. Virtue ethics asks of any action, “What kind of person will I become if I do this?” or “Is this action consistent with my acting at my best?”

( For further elaboration on the virtue lens, please see our essay, “Ethics and Virtue.” )

The Care Ethics Lens

Care ethics is rooted in relationships and in the need to listen and respond to individuals in their specific circumstances, rather than merely following rules or calculating utility. It privileges the flourishing of embodied individuals in their relationships and values interdependence, not just independence. It relies on empathy to gain a deep appreciation of the interest, feelings, and viewpoints of each stakeholder, employing care, kindness, compassion, generosity, and a concern for others to resolve ethical conflicts. Care ethics holds that options for resolution must account for the relationships, concerns, and feelings of all stakeholders. Focusing on connecting intimate interpersonal duties to societal duties, an ethics of care might counsel, for example, a more holistic approach to public health policy that considers food security, transportation access, fair wages, housing support, and environmental protection alongside physical health.

( For further elaboration on the care ethics lens, please see our essay, “Care Ethics.” )

Using the Lenses

Each of the lenses introduced above helps us determine what standards of behavior and character traits can be considered right and good. There are still problems to be solved, however.

The first problem is that we may not agree on the content of some of these specific lenses. For example, we may not all agree on the same set of human and civil rights. We may not agree on what constitutes the common good. We may not even agree on what is a good and what is a harm.

The second problem is that the different lenses may lead to different answers to the question “What is ethical?” Nonetheless, each one gives us important insights in the process of deciding what is ethical in a particular circumstance.

Making Decisions

Making good ethical decisions requires a trained sensitivity to ethical issues and a practiced method for exploring the ethical aspects of a decision and weighing the considerations that should impact our choice of a course of action. Having a method for ethical decision-making is essential. When practiced regularly, the method becomes so familiar that we work through it automatically without consulting the specific steps.

The more novel and difficult the ethical choice we face, the more we need to rely on discussion and dialogue with others about the dilemma. Only by careful exploration of the problem, aided by the insights and different perspectives of others, can we make good ethical choices in such situations.

The following framework for ethical decision-making is intended to serve as a practical tool for exploring ethical dilemmas and identifying ethical courses of action.

Identify the Ethical Issues

• Could this decision or situation be damaging to someone or to some group, or unevenly beneficial to people? Does this decision involve a choice between a good and bad alternative, or perhaps between two “goods” or between two “bads”?
• Is this issue about more than solely what is legal or what is most efficient? If so, how?

Get the Facts

• What are the relevant facts of the case? What facts are not known? Can I learn more about the situation? Do I know enough to make a decision?
• What individuals and groups have an important stake in the outcome? Are the concerns of some of those individuals or groups more important? Why?
• What are the options for acting? Have all the relevant persons and groups been consulted? Have I identified creative options?

Evaluate Alternative Actions

• Evaluate the options by asking the following questions:
• Which option best respects the rights of all who have a stake? (The Rights Lens)
• Which option treats people fairly, giving them each what they are due? (The Justice Lens)
• Which option will produce the most good and do the least harm for as many stakeholders as possible? (The Utilitarian Lens)
• Which option best serves the community as a whole, not just some members? (The Common Good Lens)
• Which option leads me to act as the sort of person I want to be? (The Virtue Lens)
• Which option appropriately takes into account the relationships, concerns, and feelings of all stakeholders? (The Care Ethics Lens)

Choose an Option for Action and Test It

• After an evaluation using all of these lenses, which option best addresses the situation?
• If I told someone I respect (or a public audience) which option I have chosen, what would they say?
• How can my decision be implemented with the greatest care and attention to the concerns of all stakeholders?

Implement Your Decision and Reflect on the Outcome

• How did my decision turn out, and what have I learned from this specific situation? What (if any) follow-up actions should I take?

This framework for thinking ethically is the product of dialogue and debate at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. Primary contributors include Manuel Velasquez, Dennis Moberg, Michael J. Meyer, Thomas Shanks, Margaret R. McLean, David DeCosse, Claire André, Kirk O. Hanson, Irina Raicu, and Jonathan Kwan.  It was last revised on November 5, 2021.

RESOLVING ETHICAL DILEMMAS

Aug 24, 2014

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RESOLVING ETHICAL DILEMMAS. MODELS FOR MAKING DECISIONS Erika L. Liljedahl, Psy.D. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. Ethical Decision Making Models.

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Presentation Transcript

RESOLVING ETHICAL DILEMMAS MODELS FOR MAKING DECISIONS Erika L. Liljedahl, Psy.D. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology

Ethical Decision Making Models • Dr. Erika L. Liljedahl will be presenting four different ethical decision making models which will assist mental health professionals in trouble shooting ethical dilemmas. These models help guide the thought process when one is faced with an issue that is not clearcut. The objectives of this talk are to provide a brief history of ethics, to teach the steps of the four models, and to help mental health professionals apply the steps in order to more competently handle the "gray" areas when making decisions. Dr. Liljedahl highly recommends using an ethical decision making model and documenting the steps in the thinking process. She believes that this is an essential step in forensic documentation and litigation prevention.

Objectives of this talk: • Students will learn several Ethical Decision Making Models. • Students will learn how to apply the models to classes and in their careers with youth and adults. • Students will become more familiar with how to handle the “gray areas” when making decisions using the Ethical Decision Making Models presented.

Contents of talk • What are ethics? Values and ethics • Brief history of ethics • Who makes unethical decisions? • Presentation of 4 Ethical Decision Making Models

What does it mean to be ethical? • The World English Dictionary says “In accordance with principles of conduct that are considered correct, especially those of a given professional or group” • Merriam-Webster says “Conforming to accepted standards of conduct” • Knowing the difference between right and wrong, and choosing the right • Having virtue, good moral reasoning • Having a positive, good value system, which might include doing good things in the world, be hard working, be honest, treat others as you want to be treated, be loyal to your family.

Values vs. Ethics Code • It is possible that your values will oppose what the ethics code or law states. • Example: You are attracted to your former client and the client has verbalized that the attraction is mutual. • The APA code states you must wait 2 years. • The ACA code states you must wait 5 years. • So do you develop a relationship after 2 years? 5 years? Or is having a sexual relationship with a former client altogether against your value system?

Brief History of Ethics • Origin of ethics is in Ancient Greece ~460BC • Philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle wished to impart knowledge on how to argue thoughts and to be successful, but also developed views on being ethical and moral.

Socrates… • learned from the Oracle of Delphi to “know thyself.” Knowing thyself (and values) increases knowledge and wisdom. Wisdom leads to increased critical reasoning and problem solving skills. • Knowledge and wisdom  leads to acting Ethical.

In summary • Greek philosophers set the stage for ethical decision making through examination of ideas that were abstract, such as the virtue of wisdom, critical thinking, Socratic questioning such as playing Devil’s advocate, and even through ethical dilemmas presented in Greek tragedy on stage.

So if having knowledge, wisdom and knowing thyself assist with making good ethical decisions, then what kind of a person in today’s time makes unethical decisions?

One study showed that individuals that are more apt to make unethical decisions at work are those… • “who obey authority figures’ unethical directives or act merely to avoid punishment, • who manipulate others to orchestrate their own personal gain, • who fail to see the connection between their actions and outcomes, • who believe that ethical choices are driven by circumstance.” (Kish-Gephart, J.J., et al. 2010)

Another interesting note from this study: • Egotistic work places are more likely to promote an “everyone for themselves” environment, which promotes more unethical behaviors.

So how can one be as ethical as possible, whether or not one is in a supportive or an unsupportive work environment?

Knowing at least one Ethical Decision Making Model is recommended to assist with problem solving through ethical dilemmas (the gray areas). In this talk, I will review…. • 3 clinically-related Ethical Decision Making Models, and • 1 non-clinically related Ethical Decision Making Model

CLINICALLY-RELATED ETHICAL DECISION MAKING MODELS

Two major perspectives • Positive Ethical Models = • The focus is on pursuing highest ideals • Defensive Ethical Models = • The focus is on thinking of the worst scenario, avoiding punishment

Model #1: Ethical Decision-Making Model in Forensic Psychology Positive Ethical Model • Source: Bush, S.S., Connell, M.A., & Denney, R.L. (2006). Ethical Practice in Forensic Psychology: A Systematic Model for Decision Making. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Steps: • Identify the problem • Consider the significance of the context and setting • Identify and utilize ethical and legal resources • Consider personal beliefs and values • Develop possible solutions to the problem • Consider the potential consequences of various solutions • Choose and implement a course of action • Assess the outcome and implement changes as needed

Case Study: Confidentiality of minor with suicidal thoughts • Joe is your 16 year old client who came to therapy because of having low self esteem and being depressed about his parent’s divorce. Both the mother and father are fighting for custody of Joe. In the course of therapy, Joe reported that he has begun having thoughts of self harm. Let us examine this case using Model #1.

Step 1: Identify the problem • The problem: • Suicidal thoughts. Hospitalize or not. • Confidentiality: Is it your ethical responsibility to talk to the parents? Do you have a duty to tell the parents or because Joe is a minor? • Should you monitor his progress and not involve the parents at all?

Step 2: Consider the significance of the context and setting • The client is a minor. Do the parents know about his psychological status? Do the parents know their son is in therapy? What would they do if they found out he is seeing a counselor and is suicidal? • Which parent do you talk to? How do you determine who has legal guardianship? • What harm could come if you tell the parents? Or not tell the parents?

Step 3: Identify and utilize ethical and legal resources • Look at your ethics code (APA, ACA, etc) • Look at the law about privacy and duty to warn • HIPAA on confidentiality • State laws: Illinois Mental Health Confidentiality Act • Look at journal articles, books, case studies • Review ‘position statements’ of your relevant national association • Consult with colleagues

In the case of Joe… • In general, ethics codes will have the following components • Do no harm. • No disclosure without consent (unless mandated by law). • Limitations to confidentiality include suicidal or homicidal ideation/intent. • Confidentiality with minors.

(405 ILCS 5/) Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code (Illinois) • “Any minor 12 years of age or older may request and receive counseling services or psychotherapy on an outpatient basis withoutthe consent of the minor’s parent or guardian. Outpatient counseling or psychotherapy provided to a minor under the age of 17 shall be limited to not more than 5 sessions, a session lasting not more than 45 minutes, until the consent of the minor’s parent or guardian is obtained.  The minor’s parents shall not be informed without the consent of the minor unless the facility director believes such disclosure is necessary.”

U.S. Department of Health & Human Serviceson HIPAA. Permitted Uses and Disclosures: Serious Threat to Health or Safety. “Covered entities may disclose protected health information that they believe is necessary to prevent or lessen a serious and imminent threat to a person or the public, when such disclosure is made to someone they believe can prevent or lessen the threat (including the target of the threat).”

Step 4: Consider personal beliefs and values • How do you feel about breaking confidentiality in this case? Is it necessary? You believe that you might alienate Joe if you broke confidentiality. • You value life and improving relationships… imminent harm or not, you want to inform family to intervene. In other words, is your core value to involve family as much as possible? • You believe that more emotional distress would enter the equation if the parents would know that Joe is depressed and suicidal.

Step 5: Develop possible solutions to the problem • Utmost importance: Perform a suicide lethality assessment. • Inform Joe what your duties are as a therapist (your ethical duty of preserving life and the possibility involuntary hospitalization). • Engage Joe in a logical discussion about the pros and cons of telling his parents. • Joe could invite his parents into the session and could inform them with the therapist. • If Joe does not want to inform his parents, have Joe check in with you during the week and call the suicide hotline for additional support.

Step 6: Consider the potential consequences of various solutions • During a suicide lethality assessment, you determine whether Joe is passively or actively suicidal. Joe could be hospitalized. • After discussing the pros and cons of telling his parents, he can decide to tell them or not. • If Joe does not want to inform his parents, Joe might have less support. His parents might continue fighting without even considering Joe’s psychological status.

Step 7: Choose and implement a course of action • If passively suicidal: • Decision: To continue monitoring Joe in therapy sessions, to have him call suicide hotlines for support. Encourage Joe to tell his parents, seek support form trusted friends and family. • If actively suicidal • Decision: Hospitalize. Encourage Joe to tell his parents, and/or inform Joe hat his parents will be informed. Seek support from trusted friends and family.

Step 8: Assess the outcome and implement changes as needed • If not actively suicidal: Is monitoring Joe in therapy sessions sufficient to ward off suicidal thoughts? Did he involved family or friends for support? • Does Joe need a referral for possible medicine management? • If actively suicidal: How did Joe react to the hospitalization? How did his parents react? • Is there anything more you need to do as an ethical mental health professional?

Model #2: Ethical Decision-Making Strategy • Source: Koocher, G.P. & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008).Ethics in Psychology and the Mental Health Professions: Standards and Cases. Oxford University Press: New York. • Chapter 2: Making Ethical Decisions and Taking Action, written by Edmund Burke.

Steps • Determine whether the matter truly involves ethics. • Consult guidelines already available that might apply as a possible mechanism for resolution. • Pause to consider, as best as possible, all factors that might influence the decision you will make. • Consult with a trusted colleague. • Evaluate the rights, responsibilities, and vulnerability of all affected parties. • Generate alternative decisions. • Enumerate the consequences of making each decision. • Make the decision. • Implement the decision.

Case Study: • A student told a teacher about another student threatening her on Facebook and the school had to decide how to proceed. 

Step 1: Determine whether the matter truly involves ethics. • Is this an ethical issue for the teacher? • Does this case involve your ethical standards? (E.g., APA: General Principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity, responsibility, integrity, justice) • Does the teacher have to do anything at all since the threat was online? • Is there an ethical duty to protect the student because he/she is a minor?

Step 2: Consult guidelines already available that might apply as a possible mechanism for resolution. • What are the school’s policies regarding cyber-bullying? • Is there a decision-tree in place at the school to deal with cyber-bullying and harassment? • What does your ethical code state? • Do the parents need to be informed? • What are your values in such a case?

School Code Illinois General Assembly • Character education. Every public school teacher shall teach character education, which includes the teaching of respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, trustworthiness, and citizenship, in order to raise pupils' honesty, kindness, justice, discipline, respect for others, and moral courage for the purpose of lessening crime and raising the standard of good character.Sec. 27‑12.

Internet safety education curriculum(IL School code Sec. 27‑13.3) • (1) Safe and responsible use of social networking websites, chat rooms, electronic mail, bulletin boards, instant messaging, and other means of communication on the Internet. • (2) Recognizing, avoiding, and reporting online solicitations of students, their classmates, and their friends by sexual predators. • (3) Risks of transmitting personal information on the Internet. • (4) Recognizing and avoiding unsolicited or deceptive communications received online. • (5) Recognizing and reporting online harassment and cyber‑bullying.

Illinois Law on cyber-harassment: Harassment through electronic communications (720 ILCS 135/1‑3). • Class B misdemeanor if person is convicted of harassment (720 ILCS 135/2) (from Ch. 134, par. 16.5, Sec. 2. Sentence. • A second violation constitutes a Class A misdemeanor (minimum of 14 days in jail, or maybe 240 hours of community service). • If harassment continues (3+), Class 4 felony. If there is a threat to kill, it is an automatic Class 4 felony.

Step 3: Pause to consider, as best as possible, all factors that might influence the decision you will make. • What was the ‘threat’ said on FB? Was it vague or specific? How many times has this happened? Is it a one time occurrence or repeated? • Consider the harassed student’s safety; ability to concentrate in school. • Consider if one student is being threatened, other students could be in the same situation. • Think the worst scenario could happen.

Step 4: Consult with a trusted colleague. • Read the law and policies appropriate to this case. • Talk to your immediate supervisor, the Principal of the school, your colleagues about the school policies or lack thereof. • Consult with books, journal publications, the law for cases that are similar. • Possibly involve the police.

Step 5: Evaluate the rights, responsibilities, and vulnerability of all affected parties • Children have the right to be safe and learn in a safe environment. • The harassing child has the right to be heard which may lead to be tried in a court of law. • Teachers have the right to teach in a safe environment. They also have the right to provide a character education component into their curriculum.

Step 6: Generate alternative decisions. • Some solutions: • Ask for the student to print the FB page • Someone (teacher, counselor, Principal, Superintendent) would talk to each child separately • Talk to both children together • Involve the parents • Involve the police

Step 7: Enumerate the consequences of making each decision. • Ask for the student to print the FB page • Decide if there is harassment. • If harassment exists: then go to the next step. • If harassment does not exist: If the wording was misconstrued by the student, then provide education on what constitutes harassment. You might want to decide on what caused the misinterpretation. Does the student have a learning disability? Is the student overly suspicious of people? Did someone else influence the student?

Step 7 • Someone (teacher, counselor, Principal, Superintendent) would talk to each child separately • Each child could tell his/her story without hesitation. This confidentiality would likely allow each student to speak in an uninhibited manner. • Talking to the harassed student separately would likely shield the student from some additional unnecessary grief. Showing the grief in front of the harasser might reinforce the harassing. The harassing could become more covert. • There might be something going on in the harasser’s life that would be useful information to the behaviors.

Step 7 • Talk to both children together • Conduct a conflict resolution session without involving the police or higher authority, such as the Superintendent. • Involve the parents • Appraise the parents about the situation and involve them in the conflict resolution.

Step 7 • Involve the police • Pros: A juvenile record is created for the student harasser in case that the harassing will be ongoing. This record will likely lead to psychological intervention of forensic psychologists, to assist the juvenile to rehabilitate his or her behaviors. • Cons: There is a record that will follow the juvenile, even if he or she rehabilitates, however note that this record is sealed and can only be accessed by some law enforcement.

Step 8: Make the decision andStep 9: Implement the decision • What would you do?

Model #3: Feminist Ethical Decision-Making Model • Source: Anderson, Gail (1997). Women & Therapy. Introduction: Children, Adolescents and Their Powerholders in Therapy Settings, 20, 2, 1-6.

Steps: • Recognizing a problem • Defining the problem • Developing solutions • Choosing a solution • Reviewing process • Implementing and evaluating a decision • Continuing reflection

Case Study: Confidentiality • A 12 year old girl is forced to go into therapy because of acting out at school. During the first session with the adolescent, the therapist finds out that the girl is actively abusing marijuana and possibly ecstasy with her friends. The parents do not know this information. • What do you do? Do you tell the parents?

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Alright, let’s talk about why professional ethics are like the secret sauce in the world of careers and businesses. You know, that thing that adds a dash of trust, a sprinkle of credibility, and a whole lot of “I want to work with them again” vibes. Strap in, because we’re about to uncover why understanding the importance of professional ethics is a game-changer.

Building Trust

Picture this: You’re working with someone new, whether it’s a client, a colleague, or a partner. What’s the first thing you’re secretly hoping for? Yep, it’s trust. Professional ethics are the trust-building foundation. When you stick to ethical standards, you’re basically saying, “Hey, you can count on me to do the right thing, even when no one’s watching.” And that trust? It’s worth its weight in gold.

2. Legal Compliance

Here’s the cool thing about professional ethics – they often hold hands with the law. While not every ethical rule is a legal one, many of them are. So, when you’re all about ethical behavior, you’re also playing it safe on the legal front. Double win, anyone?

3. Enhancing Reputation

Reputation is like your personal brand, and you want it to be top-notch, right? Enter professional ethics. When you rock those ethical standards, your reputation gets a serious boost. People start seeing you as the pro who doesn’t just talk the talk but walks the ethical walk. It’s like having a spotlight on you in a sea of professionals.

4. Fostering Client Confidence

If you’re in the business of helping clients – be it with legal advice, health care, or financial wizardry – client confidence is your holy grail. Think about it: Would you want someone who’s just “meh” on ethics handling your important matters? Nope. When you weave professional ethics into your game plan, you’re telling clients, “Hey, I’ve got your back, and I’ll do right by you.”

5. Navigating Ethical Dilemmas

Life loves throwing curveballs, and sometimes, they’re ethical ones. You know, those moments where you’re like, “Wait, what’s the right thing to do here?” Professional ethics are like your compass in these situations. They give you a roadmap to tackle those dilemmas head-on, without losing your integrity along the way.

6. Long-Term Success

Sure, quick wins are nice, but what about long-term success that stands the test of time? That’s where professional ethics shine. When you’re all about ethics, you’re not just in it for the short haul. You’re building relationships that last, gaining repeat business, and becoming the go-to pro that everyone recommends.

Hold onto your hats because we’re diving deeper into the world of professional ethics. We’re talking ethical frameworks, industry codes, and all the tricky ethical stuff professionals like you face. Armed with this knowledge, you’ll be a pro at making not just legally sound decisions, but downright ethically awesome ones too. Let’s roll!

professional ethics topics for presentation

Have a close look at professional ethics topics for presentation:-

Foundational Professional Ethics Topics

• Introduction to Professional Ethics
• The Importance of Ethical Conduct
• Historical Perspectives on Professional Ethics
• Ethical Theories and Frameworks
• Codes of Ethics
• Ethical Decision-Making Models
• Ethics and Personal Values
• Professional Ethics vs. Personal Ethics
• Ethical Leadership Traits
• Ethical Dilemmas in Everyday Life
• Ethical Decision-Making in a Global Context
• The Role of Moral Courage in Professional Ethics
• Ethical Responsibilities in Public Service
• Ethics in Journalism and Media
• The Ethics of Whistleblowing
• Ethical Considerations in Healthcare Administration
• Ethics in Scientific Research
• Ethics in Nonprofit Organizations
• Ethical Considerations in Marketing and Advertising
• Ethics in the Arts and Creative Industries

Industry-Specific Professional Ethics Topics

Medical ethics.

• Patient Confidentiality in Telemedicine
• Ethical Challenges in Organ Transplants
• Ethical Issues in Genetic Testing
• End-of-Life Care and Medical Ethics
• Healthcare Resource Allocation Ethics
• Ethical Considerations in Medical Research with Human Subjects
• Physician-Assisted Suicide and Ethical Debates
• Medical Ethics in Pandemic Response
• Ethical Implications of Artificial Organs
• Ethical Dilemmas in Clinical Trials

Legal Ethics

• Confidentiality and Attorney-Client Privilege
• Ethics in Criminal Defense
• Conflicts of Interest in Legal Practice
• Legal Ethics in Corporate Law
• Professional Responsibility in Courtroom Behavior
• Ethics in Alternative Dispute Resolution
• The Role of Ethics in Intellectual Property Law
• Ethics in Environmental Law
• Legal Ethics in Immigration Law
• Ethical Challenges in Cybersecurity Law

Business Ethics

• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting
• Ethical Leadership in Business
• Ethical Decision-Making in Marketing
• Supply Chain Ethics
• Workplace Diversity and Inclusion Ethics
• Environmental Sustainability and Business Ethics
• Business Ethics in the Age of AI
• Ethical Considerations in Corporate Governance
• Ethical Issues in Product Development
• Whistleblowing Policies in Corporations

Ethics in Technology

• Ethical Considerations in Data Mining
• Bias and Fairness in AI Algorithms
• Ethical Hacking and Cybersecurity
• AI and Healthcare Ethics
• Ethical Implications of Autonomous Vehicles
• Ethics in Social Media Data Usage
• Privacy and Surveillance Ethics
• The Role of Ethics in Space Exploration
• Ethical Use of Biotechnology
• Transparency and Accountability in Tech Companies

Ethical Leadership

• Ethical Challenges in Leadership Transitions
• The Ethical Dimensions of Decision-Making
• Ethical Leadership in Nonprofit Organizations
• Ethical Leadership in Educational Institutions
• The Role of Empathy in Ethical Leadership
• Ethical Communication in Leadership
• Ethical Decision-Making in Crisis Management
• Ethical Considerations in Change Management
• The Ethics of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Leadership
• Gender and Diversity in Ethical Leadership

Ethical Challenges

• The Psychology of Ethical Decision-Making
• Ethical Dilemmas in the Age of Social Media
• Ethical Issues in Artificial Intelligence Development
• Ethical Challenges in Human Resources Management
• Ethical Considerations in Global Supply Chains
• Environmental Ethics and Corporate Sustainability
• The Ethics of Marketing to Children
• Ethical Implications of Emerging Technologies
• Ethical Leadership vs. Ethical Followership
• Ethical Implications of Workplace Automation

Ethical Training and Education

• Integrating Ethics into School Curricula
• Professional Ethics Workshops and Training
• Ethics in Leadership Development Programs
• Ethical Decision-Making Exercises
• The Role of Ethics in Lifelong Learning
• Ethics in Higher Education Accreditation
• The Impact of Ethical Education on Career Development
• Teaching Business Ethics in MBA Programs
• Ethical Training for Healthcare Professionals
• The Ethics of Online Education and E-Learning

These expanded categories offer a diverse range of professional ethics topics that can be explored in presentations, discussions, and research within various fields and industries.

What are some good ethics topics?

Have a close look at some of good ethics topics:-

AI’s Moral Maze

Dive into the fascinating world of Artificial Intelligence and its ethical quandaries, from self-driving car dilemmas to robot rights.

Pandemic Predicaments

Explore the ethical tightrope of healthcare decisions during global crises , such as resource allocation and vaccine distribution.

Planet or Profit

Engage in the debate over environmental ethics, asking whether sustainability should trump corporate profits and how to tackle climate change responsibly.

Digital Business Dilemmas

Uncover the ethical shadows in the digital realm, including data privacy, online marketing tactics, and the ethics of AI-driven decision-making.

Gene Editing and You

Delve into the ethical storm surrounding genetic engineering, from designer babies to curing diseases by rewriting our DNA.

Life and Death Debates

Navigate the complex ethical waters of healthcare, from end-of-life choices and assisted suicide to organ transplants and the right to refuse treatment.

AI as Doctors

Probe the ethical implications of AI in healthcare, where algorithms diagnose, treat, and care for patients, raising questions about trust and bias.

Human Clones, Real Questions

Contemplate the ethical frontiers of human cloning, exploring the possibilities, limits, and moral dilemmas.

Privacy Under Siege

Discuss the battle between personal privacy rights and the needs of national security in an age of constant surveillance and data collection.

Self-Driving Dilemmas

Take a ride into the ethical landscape of autonomous vehicles, where machines make life-or-death choices during accidents.

These engaging twists on ethical topics not only spark curiosity but also invite readers and listeners to dive into the ethical complexities of our modern world.

What is an example of a professional ethical issue?

Imagine you’re a financial advisor. You help people make smart investment choices to secure their future. But here’s the twist: What if you stand to make a pretty penny from recommending a specific investment option? That’s where the conflict of interest comes into play.

A conflict of interest arises when your personal interests clash with your professional duty. In this case, your duty is to provide the best financial advice for your clients. But if you’re tempted by a fat commission for pushing a certain investment, things get a bit murky.

On one hand, you want your clients to thrive financially. On the other hand, your wallet is whispering, “Hey, recommend that investment, and I’ll pad your bank account.” See the dilemma?

Now, picture this scenario across various professions: lawyers, doctors, journalists – you name it. Whenever personal gain butts heads with professional duty, you’re wading into the waters of a potential ethical issue.

Ethics guidelines and codes of conduct exist to help professionals navigate these tricky situations. They often require transparency – like letting your clients know about potential conflicts – and taking steps to put their interests front and center, even if it means passing up on personal gains.

So, the next time you hear “conflict of interest,” think of it as a tug of war between doing what’s right and what’s personally tempting – a true test of professional integrity.

What are the topics for ethics and human values?

Have a close look at the topics for ethics and human values.

Ethical Dilemmas in Pop Culture

Ever thought about the tough choices characters make in your favorite movies or TV shows? Let’s discuss the moral dilemmas faced by superheroes, antiheroes, and beloved characters.

Would You Push the Button?

Imagine a train headed for disaster, and you have the power to divert it, but it would mean sacrificing something or someone else. This classic ethical dilemma, the trolley problem, sparks lively debates.

Your Right to Choose: When it comes to end-of-life decisions, should individuals have the right to choose how and when they pass away? This topic raises profound questions about autonomy and compassion.

The Price of Fashion

Ethical fashion explores the impact of your clothing choices, from fair labor practices to sustainability. Can you look stylish while supporting ethical brands?

The Power of Persuasion

Ethical marketing isn’t just about selling products; it’s about selling ideas. Explore the ethics of advertising, from emotional manipulation to truth in advertising.

Breaking Bad in Healthcare

From organ trafficking to medical experimentation, some real-life medical stories blur the line between healing and harm. What’s the ethical prescription?

Leadership Beyond the Boardroom

Ethical leaders aren’t just in the corner office. They guide teams, communities, and nations. What traits define an ethical leader, and how do they navigate complex moral terrain?

The Gene Editing Frontier

CRISPR technology allows us to edit genes. But where’s the line between curing genetic diseases and designing “perfect” babies? Ethics meets science fiction.

Tech Titans and Ethical Responsibility

The giants of the tech industry shape our digital lives. But what happens when their power clashes with ethical responsibility? We’ll dissect the ethical side of Silicon Valley.

The Ethics of Giving

Explore the ethics of philanthropy, charitable giving, and the responsibility of those with means to make the world a better place.

These engaging ethical topics touch on everyday dilemmas, thought-provoking scenarios, and complex moral questions that we encounter in our lives and the world around us. Let’s delve into these discussions with enthusiasm and curiosity!

What are some ethical issues in today’s society?

Absolutely, let’s dive into some of the most gripping ethical issues buzzing in today’s society:

Privacy vs. Data Goldmine

In a world where our every click is tracked, the ethical dilemma of balancing our right to privacy with data-hungry corporations and governments sparks heated debates.

AI Bias and Fairness

Imagine AI making life-altering decisions, yet it inherits biases from its creators. This raises ethical eyebrows on fairness, especially in areas like hiring and lending.

Fake News Frenzy

The explosive spread of misinformation on social media leaves us questioning the ethical responsibilities of platforms and our role in curbing the chaos.

Climate Change Crunch

Ethical alarms ring as we confront the dire consequences of climate change. Balancing our carbon footprint with the planet’s survival is a moral imperative.

Social Justice Shake-Up

The battle against systemic racism, income inequality, and discrimination forces us to reevaluate our ethical stance on justice, equity, and human rights.

Digital Health Data Dilemma

Health apps and wearables promise insights, but the ethical quandary lies in who controls our health data and how it’s used.

End-of-Life Crossroads

The right to die with dignity collides with cultural, religious, and medical ethics, leading to profound conversations on euthanasia and assisted suicide.

Gene Editing Quandary

CRISPR technology lets us edit genes, but the line between curing diseases and playing god sparks ethical debates.

Robot Right

As AI advances, questions arise about the rights of humanoid robots – are they property or autonomous beings with ethical considerations?

Mental Health Taboo

Breaking the stigma surrounding mental health demands ethical reflections on how we address, support, and advocate for those affected.

These captivating ethical topics remind us that our rapidly evolving world poses complex challenges that require both empathy and critical thinking to navigate. Let’s engage in discussions that shape our ethical compass and inspire positive change.

In wrapping up our journey through the world of professional ethics topics for presentation, it’s abundantly clear that these issues aren’t just dry subjects in a conference room; they’re the heartbeat of our professional lives.

We’ve delved into the tech-driven ethical puzzles of the 21st century, where artificial intelligence wrestles with bias, and privacy tiptoes on a razor’s edge. We’ve traversed the treacherous terrain of environmental ethics, where our planet’s health hinges on our moral choices.

We’ve probed the very soul of business ethics, where profit meets responsibility, and we’ve dared to contemplate the delicate matters of life and death in healthcare ethics.

As we conclude, it’s not just about closing a presentation but recognizing that professional ethics are the bedrock of trust, integrity, and progress in our society. They’re the compass that guides us through murky waters, ensuring our actions reflect the values we hold dear.

So, let’s remember that professional ethics aren’t just words on a screen; they’re the legacy we leave, the principles we uphold, and the beacon that lights our path to a better, fairer, and more ethical tomorrow.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of professional ethics in modern society.

Professional ethics underpin trust, legal compliance, and reputation, making them vital in today’s interconnected world.

Can professional ethics vary between industries?

Yes, professional ethics are shaped by industry-specific codes and practices, leading to variations.

What are the consequences of ignoring professional ethics?

Ignoring professional ethics can lead to legal trouble, reputational damage, and loss of trust.

How can individuals develop their ethical decision-making skills?

Developing ethical decision-making skills involves self-awareness, education, and practice.

Are there cases where ethical dilemmas have no clear solution?

Yes, ethical dilemmas often involve conflicting values, making it challenging to find a straightforward solution.

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Case Studies

More than 70 cases pair ethics concepts with real world situations. From journalism, performing arts, and scientific research to sports, law, and business, these case studies explore current and historic ethical dilemmas, their motivating biases, and their consequences. Each case includes discussion questions, related videos, and a bibliography.

A Million Little Pieces

James Frey’s popular memoir stirred controversy and media attention after it was revealed to contain numerous exaggerations and fabrications.

Abramoff: Lobbying Congress

Super-lobbyist Abramoff was caught in a scheme to lobby against his own clients. Was a corrupt individual or a corrupt system – or both – to blame?

Apple Suppliers & Labor Practices

Is tech company Apple, Inc. ethically obligated to oversee the questionable working conditions of other companies further down their supply chain?

Approaching the Presidency: Roosevelt & Taft

Some presidents view their responsibilities in strictly legal terms, others according to duty. Roosevelt and Taft took two extreme approaches.

Appropriating “Hope”

Fairey’s portrait of Barack Obama raised debate over the extent to which an artist can use and modify another’s artistic work, yet still call it one’s own.

Arctic Offshore Drilling

Competing groups frame the debate over oil drilling off Alaska’s coast in varying ways depending on their environmental and economic interests.

Banning Burkas: Freedom or Discrimination?

The French law banning women from wearing burkas in public sparked debate about discrimination and freedom of religion.

Birthing Vaccine Skepticism

Wakefield published an article riddled with inaccuracies and conflicts of interest that created significant vaccine hesitancy regarding the MMR vaccine.

Blurred Lines of Copyright

Marvin Gaye’s Estate won a lawsuit against Robin Thicke and Pharrell Williams for the hit song “Blurred Lines,” which had a similar feel to one of his songs.

Bullfighting: Art or Not?

Bullfighting has been a prominent cultural and artistic event for centuries, but in recent decades it has faced increasing criticism for animal rights’ abuse.

Buying Green: Consumer Behavior

Do purchasing green products, such as organic foods and electric cars, give consumers the moral license to indulge in unethical behavior?

Cadavers in Car Safety Research

Engineers at Heidelberg University insist that the use of human cadavers in car safety research is ethical because their research can save lives.

Cardinals’ Computer Hacking

St. Louis Cardinals scouting director Chris Correa hacked into the Houston Astros’ webmail system, leading to legal repercussions and a lifetime ban from MLB.

Cheating: Atlanta’s School Scandal

Teachers and administrators at Parks Middle School adjust struggling students’ test scores in an effort to save their school from closure.

Cheating: Sign-Stealing in MLB

The Houston Astros’ sign-stealing scheme rocked the baseball world, leading to a game-changing MLB investigation and fallout.

Cheating: UNC’s Academic Fraud

UNC’s academic fraud scandal uncovered an 18-year scheme of unchecked coursework and fraudulent classes that enabled student-athletes to play sports.

Cheney v. U.S. District Court

A controversial case focuses on Justice Scalia’s personal friendship with Vice President Cheney and the possible conflict of interest it poses to the case.

Christina Fallin: “Appropriate Culturation?”

After Fallin posted a picture of herself wearing a Plain’s headdress on social media, uproar emerged over cultural appropriation and Fallin’s intentions.

Climate Change & the Paris Deal

While climate change poses many abstract problems, the actions (or inactions) of today’s populations will have tangible effects on future generations.

Cover-Up on Campus

While the Baylor University football team was winning on the field, university officials failed to take action when allegations of sexual assault by student athletes emerged.

Covering Female Athletes

Sports Illustrated stirs controversy when their cover photo of an Olympic skier seems to focus more on her physical appearance than her athletic abilities.

Covering Yourself? Journalists and the Bowl Championship

Can news outlets covering the Bowl Championship Series fairly report sports news if their own polls were used to create the news?

Cyber Harassment

After a student defames a middle school teacher on social media, the teacher confronts the student in class and posts a video of the confrontation online.

Defending Freedom of Tweets?

Running back Rashard Mendenhall receives backlash from fans after criticizing the celebration of the assassination of Osama Bin Laden in a tweet.

Dennis Kozlowski: Living Large

Dennis Kozlowski was an effective leader for Tyco in his first few years as CEO, but eventually faced criminal charges over his use of company assets.

Digital Downloads

File-sharing program Napster sparked debate over the legal and ethical dimensions of downloading unauthorized copies of copyrighted music.

Dr. V’s Magical Putter

Journalist Caleb Hannan outed Dr. V as a trans woman, sparking debate over the ethics of Hannan’s reporting, as well its role in Dr. V’s suicide.

East Germany’s Doping Machine

From 1968 to the late 1980s, East Germany (GDR) doped some 9,000 athletes to gain success in international athletic competitions despite being aware of the unfortunate side effects.

Ebola & American Intervention

Did the dispatch of U.S. military units to Liberia to aid in humanitarian relief during the Ebola epidemic help or hinder the process?

Edward Snowden: Traitor or Hero?

Was Edward Snowden’s release of confidential government documents ethically justifiable?

Ethical Pitfalls in Action

Why do good people do bad things? Behavioral ethics is the science of moral decision-making, which explores why and how people make the ethical (and unethical) decisions that they do.

Ethical Use of Home DNA Testing

The rising popularity of at-home DNA testing kits raises questions about privacy and consumer rights.

Flying the Confederate Flag

A heated debate ensues over whether or not the Confederate flag should be removed from the South Carolina State House grounds.

Freedom of Speech on Campus

In the wake of racially motivated offenses, student protests sparked debate over the roles of free speech, deliberation, and tolerance on campus.

Freedom vs. Duty in Clinical Social Work

What should social workers do when their personal values come in conflict with the clients they are meant to serve?

Full Disclosure: Manipulating Donors

When an intern witnesses a donor making a large gift to a non-profit organization under misleading circumstances, she struggles with what to do.

Gaming the System: The VA Scandal

The Veterans Administration’s incentives were meant to spur more efficient and productive healthcare, but not all administrators complied as intended.

German Police Battalion 101

During the Holocaust, ordinary Germans became willing killers even though they could have opted out from murdering their Jewish neighbors.

Head Injuries & American Football

Many studies have linked traumatic brain injuries and related conditions to American football, creating controversy around the safety of the sport.

Head Injuries & the NFL

American football is a rough and dangerous game and its impact on the players’ brain health has sparked a hotly contested debate.

Healthcare Obligations: Personal vs. Institutional

A medical doctor must make a difficult decision when informing patients of the effectiveness of flu shots while upholding institutional recommendations.

High Stakes Testing

In the wake of the No Child Left Behind Act, parents, teachers, and school administrators take different positions on how to assess student achievement.

In-FUR-mercials: Advertising & Adoption

When the Lied Animal Shelter faces a spike in animal intake, an advertising agency uses its moral imagination to increase pet adoptions.

Krogh & the Watergate Scandal

Egil Krogh was a young lawyer working for the Nixon Administration whose ethics faded from view when asked to play a part in the Watergate break-in.

Limbaugh on Drug Addiction

Radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh argued that drug abuse was a choice, not a disease. He later became addicted to painkillers.

U.S. Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte’s “over-exaggeration” of an incident at the 2016 Rio Olympics led to very real consequences.

Meet Me at Starbucks

Two black men were arrested after an employee called the police on them, prompting Starbucks to implement “racial-bias” training across all its stores.

Myanmar Amber

Buying amber could potentially fund an ethnic civil war, but refraining allows collectors to acquire important specimens that could be used for research.

Negotiating Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy lawyer Gellene successfully represented a mining company during a major reorganization, but failed to disclose potential conflicts of interest.

Pao & Gender Bias

Ellen Pao stirred debate in the venture capital and tech industries when she filed a lawsuit against her employer on grounds of gender discrimination.

Pardoning Nixon

One month after Richard Nixon resigned from the presidency, Gerald Ford made the controversial decision to issue Nixon a full pardon.

Patient Autonomy & Informed Consent

Nursing staff and family members struggle with informed consent when taking care of a patient who has been deemed legally incompetent.

Prenatal Diagnosis & Parental Choice

Debate has emerged over the ethics of prenatal diagnosis and reproductive freedom in instances where testing has revealed genetic abnormalities.

Reporting on Robin Williams

After Robin Williams took his own life, news media covered the story in great detail, leading many to argue that such reporting violated the family’s privacy.

Responding to Child Migration

An influx of children migrants posed logistical and ethical dilemmas for U.S. authorities while intensifying ongoing debate about immigration.

Retracting Research: The Case of Chandok v. Klessig

A researcher makes the difficult decision to retract a published, peer-reviewed article after the original research results cannot be reproduced.

Sacking Social Media in College Sports

In the wake of questionable social media use by college athletes, the head coach at University of South Carolina bans his players from using Twitter.

Selling Enron

Following the deregulation of electricity markets in California, private energy company Enron profited greatly, but at a dire cost.

Snyder v. Phelps

Freedom of speech was put on trial in a case involving the Westboro Baptist Church and their protesting at the funeral of U.S. Marine Matthew Snyder.

Something Fishy at the Paralympics

Rampant cheating has plagued the Paralympics over the years, compromising the credibility and sportsmanship of Paralympian athletes.

Sports Blogs: The Wild West of Sports Journalism?

Deadspin pays an anonymous source for information related to NFL star Brett Favre, sparking debate over the ethics of “checkbook journalism.”

Stangl & the Holocaust

Franz Stangl was the most effective Nazi administrator in Poland, killing nearly one million Jews at Treblinka, but he claimed he was simply following orders.

Teaching Blackface: A Lesson on Stereotypes

A teacher was put on leave for showing a blackface video during a lesson on racial segregation, sparking discussion over how to teach about stereotypes.

The Astros’ Sign-Stealing Scandal

The Houston Astros rode a wave of success, culminating in a World Series win, but it all came crashing down when their sign-stealing scheme was revealed.

The Central Park Five

Despite the indisputable and overwhelming evidence of the innocence of the Central Park Five, some involved in the case refuse to believe it.

The CIA Leak

Legal and political fallout follows from the leak of classified information that led to the identification of CIA agent Valerie Plame.

The Collapse of Barings Bank

When faced with growing losses, investment banker Nick Leeson took big risks in an attempt to get out from under the losses. He lost.

The Costco Model

How can companies promote positive treatment of employees and benefit from leading with the best practices? Costco offers a model.

The FBI & Apple Security vs. Privacy

How can tech companies and government organizations strike a balance between maintaining national security and protecting user privacy?

The Miss Saigon Controversy

When a white actor was cast for the half-French, half-Vietnamese character in the Broadway production of Miss Saigon , debate ensued.

The Sandusky Scandal

Following the conviction of assistant coach Jerry Sandusky for sexual abuse, debate continues on how much university officials and head coach Joe Paterno knew of the crimes.

The Varsity Blues Scandal

A college admissions prep advisor told wealthy parents that while there were front doors into universities and back doors, he had created a side door that was worth exploring.

Providing radiation therapy to cancer patients, Therac-25 had malfunctions that resulted in 6 deaths. Who is accountable when technology causes harm?

Welfare Reform

The Welfare Reform Act changed how welfare operated, intensifying debate over the government’s role in supporting the poor through direct aid.

Wells Fargo and Moral Emotions

In a settlement with regulators, Wells Fargo Bank admitted that it had created as many as two million accounts for customers without their permission.

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SCI 4405: Controversial Topic-Ethical Dilemma Assignment

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Final Presentation

The idea behind the  final presentation  on the various controversial topics is to objectively present the ethical dilemma at the core of the case(s) being discussed.  It's to introduce the class to the topic and therefore, the different ethical concerns of the issue MUST be presented to the class concisely and clearly. (Professor Espinosa)

During the presentation , you should make sure to introduce the case and identify the central ethical question .  The presenter should explain the different points of views .  Even if you disagree with certain positions, empathize with them. 

Part of the task is to communicate reasoning effectively to the audience who have different viewpoints and life experiences.

Each presenter is to provide two to three reasons  for  each of the opposing viewpoints.

It is expected that the presenter will explain one to two associated ethical principles with the ethical question. 

If no ethical principles are associated with it, the presenter should include cases outside the eText that demonstrates the ethical dilemma.

Rubric – Ethical Dilemma Presentation

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15 Ethical Dilemma Examples You See in the Real-World

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In your everyday life, and especially at work, have you faced ethical dilemmas that challenge your personal morals? If so, considering common ethical dilemma examples can go a long way to resolving your own.

You'll learn you must analyze the risks, rely on your convictions, and trust your instincts. Stepping back and removing yourself from the situation can help you gain a perspective that will aid in making your best decisions.

It's also important to be sure you act after thinking the situation through and not before. To help with this, take a look at our article, “7 Ways to Live Consciously in an Unconscious World.”

Drawing on the experience of others may empower you to navigate your struggle and arrive at the best decision.

This process exercises your critical thinking skills and the decisions you make can help you become respected as a person and a professional. Therefore, looking at ways that others have navigated those difficult moral decisions may be an excellent way to help you should you ever face similar circumstances.

In this article, you’ll learn about specific ethical dilemma examples that will help you understand the difficulty of making decisions that go against moral principles… which may make it less troublesome to make a decision when facing your next ethical dilemma.

Table of Contents

What Are Ethical Dilemmas?

Ethical dilemmas are all about difficulty in choosing between two courses of action, in which either choice involves disobeying a moral principle.

For instance, if you’re facing an ethical dilemma, it can affect you emotionally as you may struggle between what you consider to be right against what you consider to be necessary for a certain situation.

An ethical dilemma occurs when your moral principles are challenged. Some instances of the moral tenets are honesty, abstaining from and not promoting violence, caring for others, respecting the privacy of others, aiding people in trouble, and not harming others, whether humans or animals.

You may have heard of ethical dilemma examples called moral dilemmas or ethical paradoxes. In some instances, any choice you make is wrong in some sense.

In each ethical dilemma, the options are at odds with each other; they conflict with each other, causing a contradiction or paradox.

There are situations where you might have two choices; if you choose one, it would be impossible to choose the other.

Real-World Ethical Dilemma Examples

Often, the best way to mitigate ethical dilemmas is to learn about and seek understanding with real-world examples. Here are 15 examples of real-world ethical dilemmas we trust you’ll find useful. 

1. Monitoring Teens on Social Media.

Should a teenager using Snapchat, Instagram, or TikTok have their social media use monitored? This is an ethical dilemma many parents of teens face as teenagers spend many hours engaging in online activities daily. For some parents, the question may be: Do I trust my child to use social media responsibly or not?

For others, they may be asking themselves: From a safety standpoint as a parent, should I monitor my teenager’s online activities, or are they old enough to use social media responsibly?

Whichever ethical dilemma they are facing, a parent’s fear of cyberbullying and safety for their children is not unfounded. According to 2018 Pew Research , 21% of 13-15-year-olds, 16% of 16-17-year-olds, and 12% of 18-20-year-olds experienced cyberbullying.

While anyone utilizing the Internet risks cyberbullying, teens are ill-equipped to deal with such treatment as their brains are not yet fully developed. Therefore, it is a parent’s duty to protect their child from online attacks.

However, since the close monitoring of a teenager’s activities, online or otherwise, may be construed as a lack of trust toward the teen, it can potentially damage or at least put a strain on the parent-child relationship. Therein lies the ethical dilemma and the choices each parent must make.

One father of two teenaged girls chose to monitor their activities, sharing that, above all, “The devices belong to me and my wife, and we are entitled to see anything and everything on them.”

A good way to build trust with your teens may be to spend time playing games or asking “would you rather” questions ; trust will help them know that whether you monitor their online activity, you care.  

2. Ghosting.

This is when you end a relationship by not responding to the other person at all, by just ignoring them, rather than telling them you would like to end the relationship. While ghosting someone is not the nicest of ways to end a relationship, is it morally wrong?

If you believe in kindness, you may struggle as to whether you can live with your decision to ghost someone. Ghosting seems like the easy way out for the one ghosting, but it's hard for the one being ghosted to find closure and move on.

Someone may choose to ghost their soon-to-be ex because they want to avoid conflict. Or maybe they are afraid the other person might lash out and become violent. For whatever reason, facing that person is uncomfortable that they consider ghosting.

If you consider ghosting someone, think about how that could make them feel. Is that really who you are? Getting a fresh and honest perspective may make you think differently if you're considering ghosting someone.

If you've been ghosted, you find some benefit in reading our “ 55 Survival Quotes to Make You Tough in 2023 .”

3. Intentionally Misinterpreting Data.

There are several instances you may find yourself in where you’re tempted to fudge the numbers. Maybe you’re in the corporate world and are tempted or encouraged to share the data in such a way that will cause stockholders to believe their investments are more secure than they are.

Your ethical dilemma may be whether you misinterpret the data and secure your career or share the true numbers and risk losing your job.

An ethical dilemma example of misinterpreting or outright lying about data is the FTX scandal where investors lost billions of dollars on the digital currency platform after being misled  by founder Sam Bankman-Fried. 

4. Selling a Car Without Disclosing All Known Negative Details.

Let's say you're selling your car to upgrade to a newer model. Nothing much is wrong with it, so you fail to disclose the fact that it has trouble starting from time to time; or, that it was involved in an accident.

Should you disclose whatever is wrong with it to potential buyers or do you consider purchasing a used car to be a ‘buyer beware' situation? Uphold your moral standards and make sure you aren’t the subject of someone’s used car sales gone bad story.

5. Cheat on Your Significant Other.

Your relationship has gone south but you're still considered a couple. You meet someone that, well, if you weren't married… But you are; and you stood before an entire congregation of people promising fidelity “til death do us part'.

A few years have passed and you just don't have the same romantic feelings anymore. Whether he's changed or you've changed or you've both changed, you can't quite put your finger on it. Now, you feel like you'd rather get out than stay in.

Since the relationship is rocky, can you justify starting a new relationship? Or, should you stay faithful and risk letting the potential new love of your life get away? Sometimes a person will cheat on their significant other as an act of revenge when they are mad at each other. And sometimes, the decision to cheat ends badly.

If you've made the decision not to cheat, try solidifying your relationship with our advice on relationships. 

6. Should You Lie to a Sick Loved One?

Usually, if someone considers lying, whether they do it or not, it goes against their belief system and in their heart they know that it's wrong. However, whenever the truth would hurt someone you love, it often presents a gray area or a moral dilemma.

There have been instances where family members have either lied or withheld the truth in order to spare the feelings of a sick loved one, particularly in cases of Alzheimer's patients.

If an Alzheimer's patient asks about a loved one, and that loved one is deceased, finding out about their death all over again can cause them pain. Because of that, some family members will lie to spare their loved one's feelings. Is it ever compassionate to withhold information from your loved one with Alzheimer's?

This may be a dilemma you should discuss with your family members to help make your own personal decision. However, make sure you follow your own moral compass rather than doing what others wish you to do .

7. To Share or Not to Share Political Leanings.

Have you noticed how passionate people are about politics? If you choose to share your political leanings online or in person, you would lose followers, friends, and/or family members.

Some people weigh the options and decide it's not worth it to speak what's on your mind and lose the close contact of others.

Some say it's best to be real, to be authentic, and share any and all beliefs, loud and proud. Before choosing either option, weigh your options. Which choice can you live with? Which one could you not live with?

No matter what you decide, take time to consider the consequences of each choice before firmly making your decision. Then, be prepared to live with those consequences. 

8. Whether to Report an Accident.

If you're in a rush and you pass by and an accident, would you report it? Or would you not, knowing that the next person that passes by most likely would call the authorities?

The moral dilemma would be: risk getting to your meeting late, especially if you have to give an account of what happened to the police; or risk feeling guilty because you chose not to stop and help in a situation and caused the authorities to arrive sooner rather than later or even too late.

If you're struggling about whether you should report an accident as a witness, put yourself in the shoes of those affected by the accident to discover what you should do and how you can help. 

9. To Share or Not to Share Religious Beliefs.

It's been said to never discuss politics or religion. Yet there comes a time in close relationships where the question of whether to share what your beliefs are may come to mind, bringing you face to face with a moral dilemma.

If you know the person you'll be sharing with has beliefs that are different from yours, you may wonder if sharing your beliefs will push them away.

Withholding the information as you grow closer in a relationship may cause several problems: the other person in the relationship may feel you haven't been as open and honest as you should have been, or you may feel conflicted as you want to share but are hesitant to do so.

However, if you feel a kinship with a person on a spiritual level , you may consider sharing your religious views.

If the question of whether you should share your religious views at work arises, you may want to ask yourself why you would consider sharing.

While there are employment laws against discrimination of religion, you need to be careful not to proselytize, which is to try to convert someone, and would be frowned upon in the workplace. 

10. Should You Lie to Your Boss?

Being less than truthful with your boss can have repercussions, depending on the lie. The moral dilemma you may face may be whether you should lie about your experience and education, which could easily be verified. If the lie is less impactful, as in, you call in sick but aren't, you are less likely to get caught in the lie.

In employing your critical thinking skills you may find that you agree its fine to lie to your boss in certain situations. However, does lying to your boss on any level go against your personal moral beliefs? If so, that will create your moral dilemma. 

11. Recalling a Faulty Product.

Let's say you own a business, and it has come to your attention that the product you've shipped and sold has a faulty part.

What would you do? If the part's faultiness would cause harm to someone using the product, that's a serious consideration. If, however, the faultiness may not be noticed and would not cause harm, that may cause you to consider not recalling the product.

The moral dilemma is presented as you determine how you feel about not making the product right and looking out for the best interests of your customers. There is also the legal side of recalling a product.

12. Taking Credit for Your Coworker’s Work.

You've collaborated on a project at work. Your team members have given valuable input that has drawn attention from your management team. You know this recognition could move you closer to a promotion.

Although one of your teammates had the most eye-catching input, should you claim credit for it? After all, it was a team effort, and you'd really like that promotion.

The moral dilemma is doing what's right by giving your teammates the credit they deserve, which would preserve your working relationship or risk your working relationship by claiming the credit for yourself.

To help you make your decision ask yourself whether taking credit for someone else's work is ethical. It would be more beneficial to pursue your own path to promotion without detracting from someone else. 

13. Aborting a Child with Down Syndrome.

When you're expecting a baby, it's generally a joyous occasion. If you find out your baby will be living with life-changing challenges, such as Down syndrome, you may find you're facing a moral dilemma.

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the life expectancy of babies with Down syndrome increased from 10-years-old in 1960 to 47-years-old in 2007.

While there are additional challenges associated with a child with Down syndrome, the dilemma basically comes down to the question: how does an abortion fit into your moral beliefs?

You may want to read this article showcasing three families struggling with the moral dilemma of aborting a Down syndrome child. 

14. Should You Tell Your Friend if Her Husband is Cheating?

It's a heavy burden to carry and keep a secret from a friend, especially if you feel that she will be hurt by finding out the truth. You may also be worried about how the information you're intending to share will be received.

If not received well, you could lose a friend. At best, it would likely be an emotional conversation.

Or your moral dilemma might be: should you speak to your friend about the situation or speak to her husband or just do nothing?

No matter what your choice is according to your moral beliefs, I think you can agree this is a sticky situation. If you do decide to tell your friend, do it with finesse.

15. Is It Okay to Take Supplies from Your Office?

Many people work in office settings and for their job functions to be fulfilled, their companies supply tools they need. These tools may be something as simple as paper clips to pens, notebooks, office chairs, and computers.

The moral dilemma becomes when you question whether you should take some of these office supplies home for your own personal use.

According to your belief system, would that be stealing from the company or would it be acceptable? Would it matter if the item you'd like to take is a small item or do you believe, right or wrong, any item would carry the same weight in your decision? 

Final Thoughts on Real-World Ethical Dilemmas

While ethical dilemma examples may go from two difficult choices, to almost impossible choices, I'm sure you and I can agree that it helps to arm yourself with the knowledge of how others have faced similar situations.

In reading through the ethical dilemma examples we've provided, you may have found a pathway to your own answers.

When making your choices, it's in your best interest to keep honesty, integrity, and morality paramount.  The ability to weigh each choice and try to objectively choose for the greater good is beneficial.

Your critical thinking skills will come into play and possibly be challenged when making difficult choices. As you can see from the examples we've provided in this article, some moral dilemmas are quite difficult and the answers are not always clear-cut choices. 

The bottom line is that the examples detailed in this article may help you in making decisions as they arise in your own life, especially when you find them challenging.

A good starting point is to get yourself in the right mindset , consider all the facts, then figure out whether you have the control to make the decision needed before moving forward. Having done that, once you've made your choice, you'll have the satisfaction that you've chosen wisely.

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