lab enthalpy assignment

background [ prelab assignment (25 points) due at the beginning of the lab]

This laboratory activity is based on investigation 12 in your AP chemistry lab manual ; thus, it provides some relevant background for the following prelab questions and this laboratory activity. 1. based on the description in Procedure / part 2 & the remainder of the chapter in investigation 12 in the AP chemistry lab manual , determine the calorimeter's heat capacity (the lab manual uses the term, "calorimeter's constant", instead of heat capacity) based on the below hypothetical experimental data mass of hot water = 100 . 0 g mass of cold water = 100 . 0 initial T of cold water = 21 . 2 °C initial T of hot water = 53 . 0 °C final T of mixture = 36 . 8 °C

2. design / describe an experimental protocol to determine the heat of fusion of ice

3. Using Hess' law, what is the relationship between the below reactions ?

dissolve solid NaOH in HCl solution dissolve solid NaOH in water mix NaOH solution & HCl solution

4. sketch a data table for this lab containing entries for all required experimental measurements [i.e. review purpose & content of lab report]

5. download / save the *. swf file then use Ruffle to run simulation to analyze the simulated data to dissolve 2 . 0 g NH 4 NO 3 in 100 g water to determine the ΔH (in kJ / mol) to dissolve solid ammonium nitrate in water.

experimentally, determine the heat of fusion of ice experimentally, determine ΔH dissolve solid NaOH in water,  i.e. NaOH (s) -> NaOH (aq) [or Na + (aq) + OH - (aq) ] dissolve solid NaOH in a HCl solution,  i.e. NaOH (s) + HCl (aq) -> H 2 O + NaCl (aq)

using the above information, determine the change in enthalpy to mix NaOH & HCl solutions,  i.e. NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) -> products

compare experimental versus theoretical ΔH using statistics

• heat of fusion of ice
• dissolve solid NaOH in water
• compare preceding value ± calorimeter's heat capacity correction / adjustment

NaOH, HCl, water, ice coffee cup; thermometer balance; hot plate

methods [delegate lab work]

heat of fusion of ice:  student design  [use an amount of water & ice, such that the final temperature is between 5 - 15 °C] Δ H to dissolve solid NaOH in water: add ~2 g NaOH to 50 mL water Δ H to dissolve solid NaOH in HCl solution: add ~2 g NaOH to 50 mL 2 . 0 M HCl determine the calormeter's heat capacity (student design), where the total volume of added water ~ 50 mL

data analysis

student design

Content of lab report [60 points]

data analysis  data table(s) of your experimental measurements [5 points] based on your group's data and ignore the calorimeter's heat capacity, determination of the experimental values of ΔH of the below reactions (express on a mole basis) [20 points] ΔH fusion dissolve solid NaOH in water mix HCl (aq) +  NaOH (aq)    [hint:  see purpose] experimental determination of the calorimeter's heat capacity [5 points] include calorimeter's heat capacity in calculation of __ (10 points) ΔH fusion dissolve solid NaOH in water determination of the theoretical  value of the ΔH to dissolve solid NaOH in water (5 points) statistical analysis (include interpretation of p-value) of class data; effect of including calorimeter's heat capacity in the determination of __ (10 points) ΔH fusion dissolve solid NaOH in water

conclusion: importance of including the calorimeter's heat capacity in your calculations; support your conclusion. (5 points)

lab activity source (example):  site 1   example calculation

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1.12: Experiment 10 - Calorimetry

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Learning Objectives

By the end of this lab, students should be able to:

• Design an experiment to determine the calorimeter constant.
• Predict factors that might influence your experimental results, and how to minimize error.
• Correlate variability in data to limitations in the physical set up of our lab.

Prior knowledge:

• 5.2: Specific Heat Capacity
• 5.4: First Law of Thermodynamics
• 5.5: Enthalpy Changes of Chemical Reactions
• 5.6: Calorimetry
• 5.7: Enthalpy Calculations

Introduction

Calorimetry  is the science of measuring heat flow. Heat is defined as thermal energy flowing from an object at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature. For example, if you drop a coin into a cup with hot water, the temperature of the coin will go up until it is at the same temperature as the boiling water. This will happen because the coin will be absorbing the heat from the water. 

Calorimetry is based on the First Law of Thermodynamics that states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. The heat of neutralization that is lost in the chemical reaction (the system) is gained by the calorimeter and its contents (the surroundings).

Pre-Lab Primer

This pre-lab assignment is an individual assignment to be completed on your own with the help of the links in the document and at the top of this page. All work must be in your own words. Do not copy and paste information from the internet. The assignment will be due 10 minutes before your lab begins.  Late work will not be accepted.

The document below is a preview only. Please do not try to screenshot or print it off. You will be able to find your assignment to work on in your Google Classroom.

Interactive Element

In-Lab Assignment

Group assignment.

In the ideal world, we would have a calorimeter that is so well insulated, that all of the heat gained or lost during the reaction is contained inside the calorimeter completely. You can read more about the heat transfer in an ideal calorimeter here . In reality some of it "escapes", since the calorimeter we have isn't a perfect insulator. Our calorimeter will absorb and lose heat. Keep that in mind when you are doing your worksheet. 

To make sure you get accurate results you need to calculate the calorimeter constant, which is the calorimeter's heat capacitance. We use capital \(C\) to represent the heat capacitance of an object, so for the calorimeter constant we will use \(C_{cal}\). Calorimeter constant has to be measured for every calorimeter and this is going to be the first part of this lab. 

If we look at the equation \(q_{C} = - \;q_{H}\) and apply it to our real calorimeter we will see, that there are two cold objects that contribute to \(q_{C}\) - the cold substance and the calorimeter itself. This means that

\[q_{C}\;= \left( \;m_{C}\;\times \;c_{C}\;\times \;\Delta T_{C}\; \right) + \left( \;C_{cal}\;\times \;\Delta T_{C} \right) \]

Using Zoom Breakout rooms, you will work collaboratively with your group on a Google Doc worksheet called  "Group Calorimeter Constant Worksheet" . Each person can type in this document at the same time. Remember, part of your grade comes from your participation during lab, so there will be a Peer Evaluation this week. Make sure you are contributing to discussion and to the completion of the worksheet. The worksheet will be due by the end of your lab session, and late work is not accepted. Be sure to turn your assignment in on Google Classroom.

Contributors and Attributions 

Robert E. Belford  (University of Arkansas Little Rock; Department of Chemistry) led the creation of this page for a 5 week summer course. 

Elena Lisitsyna contributed to the creation and implementation of this page.

• Mark Baillie coordinated the modifications of this activity for implementation in a 15 week fall course, with the help of Elena Lisitsyna and Karie Sanford.

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FEIG ELECTRONIC: Moscow-City Skyscrapers Streamline Parking Access and Control with Secure RFID

Feig electronic partners with isbc group to deploy ucode dna rfid security and parking access control solution in moscow business district.

Weilburg, Germany  — December 3,  2019  —  FEIG ELECTRONIC , a leading global supplier of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers and antennas with fifty years of industry experience, announces deployment of the UCODE DNA RFID security and parking contactless identification solution in the Moscow International Business Center, known as Moscow-City, one of the world’s largest business district projects.

The management of Moscow-City not only selected long-range, passive UHF RFID to implement in its controlled parking areas, it also chose to implement UCODE DNA , the highest form of secure RAIN RFID technology, developed by NXP Semiconductors.

Panoramic view of Moscow city and Moskva River at sunset. New modern futuristic skyscrapers of Moscow-City – International Business Center, toned

“Underscoring NXP’s innovation and leadership in developing advanced RAIN RFID technologies, our UCODE DNA was chosen to be incorporated with the FEIG and ISBC implementation of the contactless identification system in the prestigious Moscow-City,” said Mahdi Mekic, marketing director for RAIN RFID with NXP Semiconductors. “This exciting project represents yet another successful deployment of NXP’s contactless portfolio, and showcases our continued ability to meet the high-security requirements of highly demanding applications without compromising user convenience.”

“UCODE DNA is considered the only identification technology to match the physical protection of a barrier with the cybersecurity necessary to truly protect entrances from unauthorized access,” said Manuel Haertlé, senior product manager for FEIG Electronic. “As a respected contactless payment technology company, FEIG applies security know-how from its payment terminals, which are fully certified according to the latest high-class security standards, into our RFID systems. FEIG vehicle access control RFID readers incorporate advanced secure key storage elements, supporting various methods for secure key injection.”

FEIG’s partner ISBC Group provided the knowledge and support for this successful implementation using  FEIG’s long-range UHF RFID . The resulting system enables authorized vehicle entry into areas reserved for private residential use or corporate tenants, while also allowing availability of temporary, fee-based visitor parking. Thanks to the cryptographic authentication of UCODE DNA, both the tag and reader must go through an authentication procedure before the reader will validate the data from the tag, which is transmitted wirelessly. This level of authentication is typically used in the most secure data communication networks.

“The system’s two-step authentication means that only authorized equipment can handle the secure protocol and the data exchange with the UCODE DNA based tag. Without the required cryptographic secrets, other readers would query the tag in vain, because the tag’s response cannot be interpreted or understood,” said Andrey Krasovskiy, director of the RFID department at ISBC Group. “On top of this, each data exchange in the authentication process is unique, so even if a malicious actor were to intercept the communication, the transmission is only good for a single exchange and the tag’s unique identity is protected from cloning.”

Established in 1992 and still growing, Moscow-City is the revitalization and transformation of an industrial riverfront into a new, modern, vibrant and upscale business and residential district. A mix of residential, hotel, office, retail and entertainment facilities, it is located about four kilometers west of Red Square along the Moscow River. Twelve of the twenty-three planned facilities have already been completed, with seven currently under construction. Six skyscrapers in Moscow-City reach a height of at least 300 meters, including Europe’s tallest building, Federation Tower, which rises more than 100 stories.

Partnering with ISBC and deploying FEIG Electronic RFID solutions, the Moscow International Business Center is delivering security and access control to its city center today, as it grows into the city of tomorrow.

About FEIG ELECTRONIC

FEIG ELECTRONIC GmbH, a leading global supplier of RFID readers and antennas is one of the few suppliers worldwide offering RFID readers and antennas for all standard operating frequencies: LF (125 kHz), HF (13.56 MHz), UHF (860-960 MHz). A trusted pioneer in RFID with more than 50 years of industry experience, FEIG ELECTRONIC delivers unrivaled data collection, authentication, and identification solutions, as well as secure contactless payment systems. Readers from FEIG ELECTRONIC, which are available for plug-in, desktop, and handheld applications, support next-generation contactless credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, NFC and access control credentials to enable fast, accurate, reliable and secure transactions. For more information, visit:  www.feig.de/en

Founded in Moscow in 2002, ISBC Group provides knowledge and support to integrators for their successful implementation of RFID and smart card-based solutions. The company specializes in the distribution of smart card equipment, contact and contactless card manufacturing, smart card and RFID personalization services, and information security.  Its Research and Design Center is focused specifically on RFID, primarily HF and UHF solutions with NXP tags, and software development for the smart card industry. For more information visit:  https://isbc-cards.com/

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Moscow Launches New Smart City District as a Living Lab

• Written by Eric Baldwin
• Published on December 13, 2018

The government of Moscow has begun developing an existing district in the city to test nearly 30 new ‘smart’ technologies for urban development. Home to over 8,000 people, the district is testing ideas on smart lighting, smart waste management, and smart heating. The city intends to evaluate what impact technologies bring to residents and adjust its urban renewal plan once the pilot is complete.

When creating a smart district, cities tend to choose new, empty or even abandoned areas to build a district from a scratch, which is faster, easier and more cost-efficient. However, Moscow authorities made the decision to create one in an already existing neighborhood to bring top tech solutions. In April 2018, authorities began implementing technologies in selected buildings situated in Maryino district on the southeast of Moscow . The district includes seven apartment buildings with different years of construction from 1996 to 1998. Each residential building has a different construction type that gives an advantage to pilot the technologies under various conditions.

Andrey Belozerov, Strategy and Innovations Adviser to CIO of Moscow explained: “We didn’t want to build a district from a scratch as a test bed far from real-world settings. Our aim was to test technologies in inhabited neighborhood so it allows us to see whether citizens get advantage of new technologies in their everyday tasks. When the pilot is completed we aim to adjust the city urban renewal plan, so Muscovites enjoy living in similar technology-savvy buildings around the city in the future”.

The smart district residents can access smart systems responsible for heating, lighting, and waste collection. In total selected residential buildings are equipped with twenty nine different smart technologies. As part of the project the first charging station for electric vehicles situated in residential district has been installed in Moscow – it has already become the most popular charging station for electric vehicles in the city. In addition, free Wi-Fi network is available on site. Each resident can install free mobile application to answer the house intercom when no one is around or open the door without a key. The project aims to improve quality of life and provide comfort and safety for residents.

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莫斯科启动“智能小区”计划，将为8000人口提供智能家居生活

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Watch: Three Visions of Moscow

The latest instalment of Magnum’s Live Lab saw Gueorgui Pinkhassov, Mark Power and Alex Webb exploring the city

In 2017, to mark the collective’s 70 th anniversary, Magnum Photos organised its first Live Lab: a now-ongoing series of projects in which photographers are set lose in a given location to create new work responding to the locality. The work they make is then edited, curated, and exhibited in situ.

The July 2019 iteration of the Live Lab saw three photographers with renowned – and uterly distinct – approaches to photographing cities: Gueorgui Pinkhassov, Mark Power and Alex Webb – working in the Russian capital.

Nina Gomiashvili, the curator of the Moscow Live Lab explains further below, alongside her curation of images made over the two week Lab. There follows a short film exploring the approaches the photographers took to capturing the essence of Moscow’s ‘hectic reality’.

Over two weeks, at the beginning of July, Magnum photographers Mark Power, Gueorgui Pinkhassov and Alex Webb, along with three Sancho Panza-like fixers dived into Moscow’s hectic reality in order to create new work. The outcome of that process was a six week exhibition at the Moscow State Museum of Architecture.

Moscow is not the easiest place to roam around: the city has a mind of its own, and if for some unknown reason visitors or guests are not welcome, it can – as Russian fairy tales say – turn its back on unfortunate wanderers.

Happily, quite the opposite occurred during the two weeks of the Live Lab project. Moscow willingly blossomed, opening up and letting the three photographers observe its inner nature from a variety of angles. The city revealed its remarkable nocturnal palette for Mark Power, with Alex Webb capturing it at a “certain evening hour”, and finally allowing Gueorgui Pinkhassov to capture the uncatchable: the essence of urban light and shadow.

Power’s project, NOCTAMBULIST, saw him wondering the streets of Moscow nocturnally, only creating work between sunset and sunrise using his large-format camera – mounted on a heavy tripod. Power’s Moscow appears surreal, ephemeral. It is  sometimes sinister, but always beautiful.

Webb re-read Bulgakov’s tale of the devil visiting the decidedly aetheist Moscow of the 1930s – The Master and Margarita – before arriving in the city, fully immersing himself in the atmosphere of the metropolis. Moscow, with its dynamic rhythm, forced Webb to plunge himself into some unusual shooting conditions, forcing him into making quick, emotional photographs. “I don’t always hunt for a photo, sometimes the photo itself finds me”, he says of the process of his shooting.

Finally, Pinkhassov photographed his hometown in his usual manner – working with light and color, playing with reflections and shadows and creating outstanding compositions and cleverly captured moments. Guided by his own contradictory rule: “If you want to get closer, try to moving away”

These photographers worked in utterly different ways to unpackage the heart and soul of Moscow.

Nina Gomiashvili

Watch the short film on the 2019 Moscow Live Lab below.

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