water vending machine thesis

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Drinking Water Quality from Water Vending Machines in Selected Public Schools in Cebu City, Philippines

Related Papers

Sarva Mangala Praveena

This study investigated the public health risk linked with microbial quality of drinking water from vending machines in Seri Kembangan city (Malaysia) using epidemiological and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) approaches. This study was also conducted to understand associations between reported health symptoms and daily water intake information. Following WHO guidelines on water safety, QMRA were performed was to estimate burden of disease from E. coli from water vending machines. Triplicate drinking water samples from water vending machines were collected from six sampling areas around the city, analysed for E. coli, information of health symptoms and daily water intake was obtained from 121 respondents by questionnaires. The results indicated the highest numbers of E. coli levels were found in Seri Serdang (45e68 CFU/100 mL) and Taman Pinggiran Putra (45e62 CFU/100 mL). Escherichia coli levels in drinking water samples from water vending machines obtained from Seri Ser-dang, Taman Pinggiran Putra, Taman Equine, Balakong and Serdang Jaya exceeded both Malaysian Drinking Water Quality and WHO Drinking Water Quality guidelines. Reported health symptoms were only significantly linked to brand which likely to be associated with regular maintenance of water vending machine. All the drinking water samples from water vending machines except from Lestari Perdana have exceeded the health based target outcomes by QMRA. Combination of epidemiology and quantitative microbial risk assessment have provided a clear understanding of public health risks and gateway for a better management of water vending machines.

alma corpuz

This study analyzed drinking water in selected public schools in Tarlac City in terms of physicochemical properties and bacterial content. Bottled water, water from dispensers and tap water from faucets were taken for analyses. Seven schools were included in the study which is comprised of 5 public elementary schools, 1 secondary school and 1 tertiary school. These schools were selected because of the high population of students enrolled and being located along busy streets in the city. Findings revealed that of the 21 samples, two registered abnormal color (30 apparent platinum-cobalt unit for both) and high total dissolved solids (>500mg/mL). Moreover, 11 samples out of 21 had shown total coliform and fecal coliform >8 MPN/100mL; 5 samples positive with <em>E. coli</em>; and 5 samples with very high HPC (>4000 CFU/mL). The study concluded that some of the water samples are unfit for drinking unless they are boiled. The study recommended that schools voluntaril...

Progress In Microbes & Molecular Biology

Hong-Wai Tham

In Malaysia, water vending machine serves as an alternative to drinking water supply. However, the quality ofdrinking water obtained from water vending machines may vary due to microorganism contamination which caused byinadequate hygienic practices and routine maintenance of the machines. In this study, 100 water vending machines wererandomly selected from 10 districts of Klang Valley. Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect swab samples from all selectedsubjects, with swab samples collected on the outer surface of water faucets. Samples were sent to laboratory for cultureanalyses using Nutrient agars (Oxoid) and HiCromeTM Coliform agars (HiMedia Laboratories). The results showed that noneof the water vending machine was contaminated by faecal coliform, however, with close to 80% of the subjects were foundcontaminated by total coliform (eg. Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species). Although the presence of total coliformmay not be deleterious to the health of end users, o...

Edward Laurence Opena

International Journal of Research Publications

Lilik Djuari

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Inter-professional Health Collaboration (ICIHC 2018)

Deri Kermelita

Jeovane Vicente de Sousa

Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry

People with poor OHL have the highest level of oral diseases and the worst oral treatment results. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the degree of knowledge of the role of the dental hygienist in patients who go to a public dental facility for the first time. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the patients with the "face-to-face" mode during a 12-month period. The principal component analysis, the general linear model and the chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis. A total number of 900 questionnaires were completed. Sixty-seven per cent of patients know that a specific degree is needed to practice dentistry and 93.1% of them know that a specific educational qualification is required to practice the dental hygienist profession. Sixty-three per cent of the subjects were aware of dental hygienist's activities. There is no patient preference of gender as far as both dentist (84.11%) and dental hygienist (85.11%) are conc...

IEEE Access

Dr Muhammad Awais

Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Education and Technology (ISET 2019)

Okta Purnawirawan S.Pd.,M.Pd.

Water vending machine offers healthy water at best rate

The water vending machine is a very common type of vending machine that provides water to countless people. They are particularly useful in areas where access to clean water is a major concern.

It was a sunny day in May. I was getting ready for school and my mother reminded me about my project, which I had completed the night before.

Well, the project is about water conservation, and I have written an essay on the topic “Jal hai toh Kal hai”

There can be numerous ways to save and consume water, but in this article, we are going to discuss water vending machines. This is a simple, inexpensive, and user-friendly machine that dispenses water out of a container (usually a plastic water bottle) in a secure, easy-to-use format. This is a popular tool for distributing water to people with limited access to water.  Public work and their facilities are the main reason behind the design of water vending machine.

Scarcity of Drinking Water

Perhaps the most pressing global water crisis is the lack of sufficient water for the growing worldwide population. By 2030, The world’s population is expected to reach 9.1 billion. most of whom live in developing countries. According to the World Bank, the likely cost of providing just 1000 litres of water per person per day is $10,000 per year. Think about the poor people who are struggling to have access to clean drinking water. The lack of clean water is extremely common and has been a principle cause of conflict and conflict over water resources in the past. 

Water Vending machines are operated by coins and run on the reverse osmosis concept. These are often located in public or private locations, such as shops or retail malls. The primary purpose and significance of water vending machines are to give clean and healthy drinking water to the general population at a very low cost.

One of our most valuable resources is water. While drinking clean, pure water is essential, purchasing bottled water is not the most ecologically responsible option. Only one out of every five plastic bottles is recycled, contributing to the devastation of our planet and oceans.

Benefits of water vending machine

Get clean and healthy drinking water from the water vending machine.

The first and most important advantage of the Water vending machine is that it gives perfectly pure and nutritious drinking water to everyone, without exception. After the pandemic, we are all very much in need of clean and healthy water and also inclined towards our health. Water contamination and inadequate sanitation have been related to the spread of illnesses such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio. There is a water issue right now. Drinking water in the world is contaminated with various chemicals, pesticides, and other toxins that are linked to major health issues, including cancer, infertility, birth abnormalities, and more. These pollutants may be found everywhere, from big cities to tiny rural areas. 

Water vending machine is Cost-effective

It is one of the most affordable and cost-effective sources of safe drinking water for both rural and urban populations. If we talk about India, then you can quench your thirst by paying Rs. 2 for 250 ml and Rs. 5 for a litre of healthy water. The population must rely less on packaged drinking water, which is somewhat expensive to purchase, especially for those with low incomes.

No scope of diseases by using water vending machine

The reverse osmosis procedure that the water goes through before it is made drinkable ensures that it is thoroughly cleaned of all types of microorganisms. This means that everything is guaranteed to be free of any and all water-borne illnesses.

Time is saved by using a water vending machine 

Another key point of a water vending machine is that it saves time. People who have to wait in line to receive even a modest amount of pure drinking water have greatly saved both time and energy.

Advertisement on water vending machine

A water vending machine is a good way to promote your business or someone else’s business. Additionally, water vending machines can serve as a local small business’s promotional tool. By installing the brand or logo where hundreds of people would see it every day on the machine, you may market the business for a nominal fee from the business owners. 

Your water vending machine may display any type of image. Your graphics are visible to everyone who uses it. By doing so, you may raise brand recognition and make the most of your machine’s advertising potential.

Plastic bottles can’t be reused again

Single-use plastics are bad for the environment and the next generation. You can enable folks to refill their current bottles and containers using a machine like that. This will lessen their reliance on disposable water bottles that are only used once. A reverse vending machine is a specialized vending machine that is used to reduce the usage of plastic bottles.

24*7 availability of water 

The ability to acquire clean water at all hours of the day and night is another advantage of such devices. 

Business point of view from water vending machine

A simple investment like a water vending machine has a tremendous return. From the first day, the machine is installed, you may start producing money, providing you with quick sales and cash flow. You may get a return on your investment by placing a machine in a moderately used area in as little as 8 to 12 months. Which type of investment is preferable to one that produces passive income? You can accomplish it using a water vending machine. It is easy to maintain a vending machine that sells RO water. The gadget may be installed and left alone after that. Every drop of water that people drink will cost them money, and your income won’t stop. All that is left for you to worry about is monthly upkeep. Any device may be used to track your sales in real-time around the clock.

water vending machine on e-rickshaw

In Delhi, you must have seen a water vending machine on an e-rickshaw. Many municipal corporations in India have allowed the installation of automated mobile water vending devices, or e-rickshaw water vending machine, to slake the thirst of those on the streets and in the marketplaces. The running firm pays rent to the municipal corporation for placing these devices across the city. A trial project utilising drinking water that meets WHO requirements in recyclable paper containers will be made available in the near future. Users will be able to operate the machine with coins, prepaid cards, or via a smartphone app.

Water will be dispensed by the devices in quantities of 250 mL (0.06 gallon) for two rupees and one litre for five rupees. One-litre containers made of recycled paper will be used.

The temperature and product-water quality will both be displayed on the display screens of the e-water water vending machines; if the machine’s temperature rises beyond 20 °C (68 °F), water dispensing will be instantly halted.

water vending machine at the railway station

The railway station is one of the most crowded places in the city. As per the report, 20,000 water bottles are being sold to passengers at New Delhi Railway Station every day. Water vending machines can reduce this number, and sellers won’t be able to reuse plastic bottles.

In the year 2016, the IRCTC installed a water vending machine that will offer drinking water to the daily passengers. This will operate on reverse osmosis, UV sterilisation, and a seven-step filtering process.

Customers will be able to see the price and water quality on the machine’s LED display panels. Drinking water costs Rs. 1 for 300 ml, Rs. 3 for 500 ml, Rs. 5 for 1 litre, Rs. 8 for 2 litres, and Rs. 20 for 5 litres for rail passengers. Pet jars are an additional purchase option for passengers.

The Delhi Division of Northern Railways will have nine distinct train stops with a total of 46 water vending machines installed.

Not only at railway stations but at any crowded location, a water vending machine can do wonders.

Final Words on Water Vending machine

Major companies have introduced clever designs with distinctive materials in water vending machines.  All over the world, these firms enable customers to acquire filtered water. This will bring an inclination in the demand for water vending machine. We may thus draw the conclusion that water vending machines may prove to be very beneficial. It is in resolving India’s issues with water shortages and tainted drinking water. People may depend on this economical source to get water because it won’t cost them much to do so even regularly. They learn to save and appreciate water most of all.

Do let us know what you think about water vending machines in the comments below. You can also tweet out your thoughts by tagging us on Twitter .

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