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Pervious Concrete: An Overview and Experimental Study

T S S Hoshitha 1 , A Mallinadh Kashyap 2 and T Chandrasekhar Rao 3

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , Volume 982 , 2021 International Conference on Innovative and Sustainable Technologies in Civil Engineering 24-25 September 2021, Bapatla, India Citation T S S Hoshitha et al 2022 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 982 012020 DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012020

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1 Masters Student, Department of Transportation Engineering, Sapienza University, Italy

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, GIET Engineering College, Rajahmundry, India

3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, India

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The present climatic changes are occurring because of the various activities of the humans such as urbanization and increasing threat of green-house gas (GHG) emissions resulted in precipitation increase in many geographical areas. In view of this, OPC based pervious concrete (PC) was developed in order to enhance the sustainability of the urban drainage systems (UDS). No fines concrete also coined as OPC based pervious concrete (PC) which is a versatile material with high porosity content applicable in flat work applications which allows the water from various sources such as precipitation and other sources to flow through and in turn recharges the ground water levels. Apart from these aspects, PC can significantly decrease the solar radiation absorption and urban heat storing potential which leads to the protection of the environment as well as the health and safety of the human beings. Generally, no fines concrete generally consists of cementitious paste to overlay the coarse aggregate which relates the vanderwall bond between the coarse aggregate and the cement. However, PC requires periodical maintenance in order to prevent any sort of clogging within the voids by the vegetation and sediments. In the present investigation, the overview of PC as well as the experimentation to study the mechanical strength characteristics by the utilization of industrial waste exhausts materials like fly ash. The study conferred that addition of fly ash to pervious concrete significantly enhances the mechanical strength characteristics of PC. An equation is proposed to establish a correlation between split-tensile strength and flexural strength of PC and it is in good agreement with the previous studies.

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Pervious Concrete—A Review on Its Properties and Applications

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• First Online: 05 April 2019
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• Rekha Singh 11 &
• Sanjay Goel 11  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 30))

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This paper presents various past studies on pervious concrete where cement is partially replaced by using one or more mineral admixtures and the effect of mineral admixtures on the efficiency of pervious concrete. A systematic literature review is carried out on the properties of pervious concrete to categorize and evaluate the published literature on usage of pervious concrete and the results of experimental investigation. This review study includes types of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) like fly ash, silica fume and other waste material, etc., which has been utilized in the making of pervious concrete. Following a brief outline of the important parameters for designing and analysis of pervious concrete using SCM as well as critical observation from the previous literature is discussed. Pervious Pavements are one of the most important components of a city’s infrastructure covering significant portions of urban land.

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Rekha Singh & Sanjay Goel

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Arvind Kumar Agnihotri

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Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

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Singh, R., Goel, S. (2019). Pervious Concrete—A Review on Its Properties and Applications. In: Agnihotri, A., Reddy, K., Bansal, A. (eds) Sustainable Engineering. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 30. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6717-5_16

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An Experimental Study on Application of Pervious Concrete in Effective Rainwater Harvesting System

India is a subtropical country, which receives good amount of rain each year. Due to sudden and massive urbanization, the availability and supply of water for domestic purpose has introduced new challenges in urban water supply. Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable and reliable approach to manage the water in urban areas. In the recent years, rainwater harvesting is as statutory mandate during construction approval. Pervious concrete is a application oriented special concrete product, which has been effectively used to manage the surface run off in the shoulder, parking lane and other highway applications. In the present experimental study, efforts are made to use the pervious concrete as filtration medium for rainwater harvesting. The mechanical properties and permeability of pervious concrete are studied. A filtration medium model has prepared to study the permeability.

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International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering & Research

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Our Heritage ISSN: 0474-9030Vol-67-Issue-7-November-2019

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As population is increasing, urbanisation is the main cause which leads to increase the impervious surface grounds, which is blocking the snow precipitation and rainfall over the soil. Now a day's cities are covered with structures and the concrete roads. Due to which there is increase in the excessive surface runoff, which can result into bank erosion, downstream floods and also the pollutants get transported into the potable water supplies. In absence of constant water supply into soil, it will be difficult for plants to grow in normal way. Moreover, it's hard to exchange heat and moisture with air for the soil. So, humidity and temperature of the surface of the earth in big cities can't b maintained and the plash on the road surface in the time of a rain reduces the safety of traffic of foot passenger and vehicle. Which has a more effect on the water table. The only solution for this problem is paving roads with pervious concrete. This paper tells about different tests done on pervious concrete.

G NarendraGoud

Urban flooding is a major problem in many cities in India and also the ground water table depletion is a serious concern. Employing pervious concrete is one of the engineered solution to address above mentioned issues. Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flat work applications that allow water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing runoff from a site and allowing ground water recharge. One of the challenge the pervious concrete poses is the strength. Hence, present work aims at striking a fine balance between the compressive strength and permeability of the pervious concrete. Experimental results showed that pervious concrete made without any fiber or admixture had comparatively lower strength and permeability than concrete with admixture or fibers. Usage of fibers does not show any significant effect on permeability but it increases the compressive strength of the concrete significantly. Super plasticizer usage reduced the weight loss in Cantabro test by 8.5 % and usage of polypropylene fibers reduced the weight loss by 17.5% in comparison with neat pervious concrete.

Prof. Dr. Md. Tarek Uddin , Professor, CEE

Due to the construction of buildings and other infrastructures in the major cities in Bangladesh, it is found that the uncovered ground area for infiltration of rain water to ground water reservoir is reduced significantly. On the other hand, continuous sucking of ground water from underground reservoir results in depletion of ground water level year by year. This environmental problem can be reduced by application of porous concrete on parking areas, walkways, and roads for light vehicles, etc. With this background, this study on pervious concrete has been planned. Cylinder concrete specimens of diameter 100 mm and height 200 mm were made with locally available coarse aggregates(1st class brick aggregate, crushed stone aggregate, and recycled brick aggregate). Variables include type of aggregate and gradation of aggregate. Cement content was 300 kg/m3 and water-to-cement ratio was 0.33. Test items include void in aggregate, unit weight of aggregate, specific gravity of aggregate, compressive and tensile strength of pervious concrete at 28 days and permeability of water through the pervious concrete. The experimental results revealed that compressive strength as well as tensile strength of pervious concrete is inversely proportional to the permeability. Within the scope of this investigation, pervious concrete with compressive strength range from 650 to 1700 psi and permeability from 60 to 15 mm/sec can be made. The results clearly indicated that pervious concrete can be used on parking, walkways, and roads for light weight vehicles.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT)

IJERT Journal

https://www.ijert.org/study-on-compressive-strength-and-permeability-of-pervious-concrete https://www.ijert.org/research/study-on-compressive-strength-and-permeability-of-pervious-concrete-IJERTV5IS041105.pdf Pervious concrete is a relatively new concept for rural road pavement, with increase into the problems in rural areas related to the low ground water level, agricultural problem. Pervious concrete has introduced in rural road as a road pavement material. Pervious concrete as a paving material has seen renewed interest due to its ability to allow water to flow through itself to recharge groundwater level and minimize storm water runoff. This introduction to pervious concrete pavements reviews its applications and engineering properties, including environmental benefits, structural properties, and durability. In rural area cost consideration is the primary factor which must be kept in mind. So that in rural areas costly storm water management practices is not applicable. Pervious concrete pavement is unique and effective means to meet growing environmental demands. By capturing rainwater and allowing it to seep into the ground. This pavement technology creates more efficient land use by eliminating the need for retention ponds, swell, and other costly storm water management devices. This paper discuss the art of pervious concrete; materials and possible mix proportions, properties such as compressive strength, permeability with initial tests done at college.

IJERA Journal

In order to develop Smart Cities in India, we need to develop smart technologies and smart construction materials. Permeable concrete an innovative material is environment friendly and a smart material which can be used for construction of several structures. In India, the ground water table is decreasing at a faster rate due to reduction in ground water recharge. These days, the vegetation cover is replaced by infrastructure hence the water gets very less opportunity to infiltrate itself into the soil. If the permeable concrete which has a high porosity is used for the construction of pavements, walking tracks, parking lots, well lining, etc. then it can reduce the runoff from the site and help in the ground water recharge. Such type of smart materials will play an important role for Indian conditions where government is putting lot of efforts to implement ground water recharging techniques. During the research work, the runoff for a particular storm was calculated for a bitumen pavement on a sloping ground. Later after studying the various topographical features, the traffic intensity and the rainfall for that particular area, the concrete was designed and tested for the different proportion and thus the mix design for the permeable concrete was finalized based upon its permeability and strength characteristics. Later by using this permeable concrete the infiltration and runoff for the same storm was compared and studied. The research paper will thus give an account of the properties of permeable concrete where it can be used over an existing road.

Titilayo A . OWOLABI

A pervious concrete is a type of porous pavement that can be used as an infiltration process for stormwater management and contains little or no fine aggregates. Pervious concrete offers one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions available as permeable pavement in order to control uncontrolled run-off, reduce pollution and replenish groundwater. An important part of this research involves determining infiltration rate through pervious concrete sections. Approach used in the investigation included casting 64 pervious concrete cubes (1: 0:4, 1:1:4, 1:1/2:4, 1:1:5) with varying water/cement ratios. While compressive strength was carried out on the hardened concrete cubes, infiltration rate of water through the sections were determined. The infiltration rate of concrete was tested for concrete cast on different sub-grades and without sub-grade by the application of water at a constant rate to the concrete surface. Also, the properties of the sub-grade were investigated to know the effect of the permeability of concrete. The results obtained show that the water/cement ratio in each mix is a major factor to be considered in order to attain adequate strength as well as sufficient infiltration capacity. The optimum mix ratio is the mix 1:1/2:4 with a water/cement ratio of 0.33 because of its adequate compressive strength (22.89N/mm2) and infiltration capacity (200l/m2/min).

International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology

Ijariit Journal

Concrete is widely used structural material consisting essentially of a binder and a mineral filler. Concrete has been the leading material since it was used and is bound to maintain its significant role in the upcoming future due to its durability, adaptability to any shape and size and many other applications. It is a composite material produced by mixing cement, an inert matrix of sand and gravel or crushed stone. Pervious concrete is a type of concrete that has a low water-cement ratio and contains none or very little amount of sand. In the present paper, the behavior of pervious concrete has been studied experimentally to reduce urban heat island effect and sustainable solution. Various specimens were prepared with Cement/Aggregate (C/A) ratio of 1:3 and 1:5 by adding super plasticizers (0.2% & 0.3%) and varying size of aggregates. The water-cement ratio was kept constant 0.30. Different properties of pervious concrete e.g. compressive strength, split tensile strength, rebound hammer test at 28 days and Infiltration rate test for C/A ratio of 1:3 and 1:5 have been studied experimentally. Experimental results showed that the strength of pervious concrete decreased with the increase in C/A ratio and also the permeability is decreasing with the increase in strength i.e., with the decrease in C/A ratio.

International Journal of Engineering Research and

Viraj Surti

IJAERS Journal

— As a civil engineer and human being it's our prime duty prime to save environment, because lack of water absorption and air permeability of common concrete pavement, rain water is not entered in to the ground directly. It will reduce ground water table, plants are difficult to grow normally, difficult to maintain temperature and humidity of earth. To minimize such affects, the research on pervious concrete pavement widely done for road way application. In this study, determine compressive strength, porosity test on pervious concrete. The compressive strength is relatively low because of its porosity but at the same time we increase water absorption quality. Due to low strength we cannot be used as a road pavement. The pervious concrete can only be applied to footpaths, parking and where low strength is required.

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