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Home » 500+ Quantitative Research Titles and Topics

500+ Quantitative Research Titles and Topics

Table of Contents

Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships among variables. This method is widely used in social sciences, psychology , economics , and other fields where researchers aim to understand human behavior and phenomena through statistical analysis. If you are looking for a quantitative research topic, there are numerous areas to explore, from analyzing data on a specific population to studying the effects of a particular intervention or treatment. In this post, we will provide some ideas for quantitative research topics that may inspire you and help you narrow down your interests.

Quantitative Research Titles

Quantitative Research Titles are as follows:

Business and Economics

• “Statistical Analysis of Supply Chain Disruptions on Retail Sales”
• “Quantitative Examination of Consumer Loyalty Programs in the Fast Food Industry”
• “Predicting Stock Market Trends Using Machine Learning Algorithms”
• “Influence of Workplace Environment on Employee Productivity: A Quantitative Study”
• “Impact of Economic Policies on Small Businesses: A Regression Analysis”
• “Customer Satisfaction and Profit Margins: A Quantitative Correlation Study”
• “Analyzing the Role of Marketing in Brand Recognition: A Statistical Overview”
• “Quantitative Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust”
• “Price Elasticity of Demand for Luxury Goods: A Case Study”
• “The Relationship Between Fiscal Policy and Inflation Rates: A Time-Series Analysis”
• “Factors Influencing E-commerce Conversion Rates: A Quantitative Exploration”
• “Examining the Correlation Between Interest Rates and Consumer Spending”
• “Standardized Testing and Academic Performance: A Quantitative Evaluation”
• “Teaching Strategies and Student Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools: A Quantitative Study”
• “The Relationship Between Extracurricular Activities and Academic Success”
• “Influence of Parental Involvement on Children’s Educational Achievements”
• “Digital Literacy in Primary Schools: A Quantitative Assessment”
• “Learning Outcomes in Blended vs. Traditional Classrooms: A Comparative Analysis”
• “Correlation Between Teacher Experience and Student Success Rates”
• “Analyzing the Impact of Classroom Technology on Reading Comprehension”
• “Gender Differences in STEM Fields: A Quantitative Analysis of Enrollment Data”
• “The Relationship Between Homework Load and Academic Burnout”
• “Assessment of Special Education Programs in Public Schools”
• “Role of Peer Tutoring in Improving Academic Performance: A Quantitative Study”

Medicine and Health Sciences

• “The Impact of Sleep Duration on Cardiovascular Health: A Cross-sectional Study”
• “Analyzing the Efficacy of Various Antidepressants: A Meta-Analysis”
• “Patient Satisfaction in Telehealth Services: A Quantitative Assessment”
• “Dietary Habits and Incidence of Heart Disease: A Quantitative Review”
• “Correlations Between Stress Levels and Immune System Functioning”
• “Smoking and Lung Function: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “Influence of Physical Activity on Mental Health in Older Adults”
• “Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Community Hospitals: A Quantitative Study”
• “The Efficacy of Vaccination Programs in Controlling Disease Spread: A Time-Series Analysis”
• “Role of Social Determinants in Health Outcomes: A Quantitative Exploration”
• “Impact of Hospital Design on Patient Recovery Rates”
• “Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Choices and Obesity Rates in Children”

Social Sciences

• “Examining Social Inequality through Wage Distribution: A Quantitative Study”
• “Impact of Parental Divorce on Child Development: A Longitudinal Study”
• “Social Media and its Effect on Political Polarization: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “The Relationship Between Religion and Social Attitudes: A Statistical Overview”
• “Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Educational Achievement”
• “Quantifying the Effects of Community Programs on Crime Reduction”
• “Public Opinion and Immigration Policies: A Quantitative Exploration”
• “Analyzing the Gender Representation in Political Offices: A Quantitative Study”
• “Impact of Mass Media on Public Opinion: A Regression Analysis”
• “Influence of Urban Design on Social Interactions in Communities”
• “The Role of Social Support in Mental Health Outcomes: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “Examining the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Employment Status”

Engineering and Technology

• “Performance Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Algorithms in Autonomous Vehicles”
• “Material Science: A Quantitative Analysis of Stress-Strain Properties in Various Alloys”
• “Impacts of Data Center Cooling Solutions on Energy Consumption”
• “Analyzing the Reliability of Renewable Energy Sources in Grid Management”
• “Optimization of 5G Network Performance: A Quantitative Assessment”
• “Quantifying the Effects of Aerodynamics on Fuel Efficiency in Commercial Airplanes”
• “The Relationship Between Software Complexity and Bug Frequency”
• “Machine Learning in Predictive Maintenance: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “Wearable Technologies and their Impact on Healthcare Monitoring”
• “Quantitative Assessment of Cybersecurity Measures in Financial Institutions”
• “Analysis of Noise Pollution from Urban Transportation Systems”
• “The Influence of Architectural Design on Energy Efficiency in Buildings”

Quantitative Research Topics

Quantitative Research Topics are as follows:

• The effects of social media on self-esteem among teenagers.
• A comparative study of academic achievement among students of single-sex and co-educational schools.
• The impact of gender on leadership styles in the workplace.
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic performance of students.
• The effect of mindfulness meditation on stress levels in college students.
• The relationship between employee motivation and job satisfaction.
• The effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional classroom learning.
• The correlation between sleep duration and academic performance among college students.
• The impact of exercise on mental health among adults.
• The relationship between social support and psychological well-being among cancer patients.
• The effect of caffeine consumption on sleep quality.
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depression.
• The relationship between physical attractiveness and job opportunities.
• The correlation between smartphone addiction and academic performance among high school students.
• The impact of music on memory recall among adults.
• The effectiveness of parental control software in limiting children’s online activity.
• The relationship between social media use and body image dissatisfaction among young adults.
• The correlation between academic achievement and parental involvement among minority students.
• The impact of early childhood education on academic performance in later years.
• The effectiveness of employee training and development programs in improving organizational performance.
• The relationship between socioeconomic status and access to healthcare services.
• The correlation between social support and academic achievement among college students.
• The impact of technology on communication skills among children.
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction programs in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
• The relationship between employee turnover and organizational culture.
• The correlation between job satisfaction and employee engagement.
• The impact of video game violence on aggressive behavior among children.
• The effectiveness of nutritional education in promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents.
• The relationship between bullying and academic performance among middle school students.
• The correlation between teacher expectations and student achievement.
• The impact of gender stereotypes on career choices among high school students.
• The effectiveness of anger management programs in reducing violent behavior.
• The relationship between social support and recovery from substance abuse.
• The correlation between parent-child communication and adolescent drug use.
• The impact of technology on family relationships.
• The effectiveness of smoking cessation programs in promoting long-term abstinence.
• The relationship between personality traits and academic achievement.
• The correlation between stress and job performance among healthcare professionals.
• The impact of online privacy concerns on social media use.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anxiety disorders.
• The relationship between teacher feedback and student motivation.
• The correlation between physical activity and academic performance among elementary school students.
• The impact of parental divorce on academic achievement among children.
• The effectiveness of diversity training in improving workplace relationships.
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health.
• The correlation between parental involvement and substance abuse among adolescents.
• The impact of social media use on romantic relationships among young adults.
• The effectiveness of assertiveness training in improving communication skills.
• The relationship between parental expectations and academic achievement among high school students.
• The correlation between sleep quality and mood among adults.
• The impact of video game addiction on academic performance among college students.
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating eating disorders.
• The relationship between job stress and job performance among teachers.
• The correlation between mindfulness and emotional regulation.
• The impact of social media use on self-esteem among college students.
• The effectiveness of parent-teacher communication in promoting academic achievement among elementary school students.
• The impact of renewable energy policies on carbon emissions
• The relationship between employee motivation and job performance
• The effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating eating disorders
• The correlation between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults
• The effect of childhood poverty on adult health outcomes
• The impact of urbanization on biodiversity conservation
• The relationship between work-life balance and employee job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma
• The correlation between parenting styles and child behavior
• The effect of social media on political polarization
• The impact of foreign aid on economic development
• The relationship between workplace diversity and organizational performance
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating borderline personality disorder
• The correlation between childhood abuse and adult mental health outcomes
• The effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive function
• The impact of trade policies on international trade and economic growth
• The relationship between employee engagement and organizational commitment
• The effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating postpartum depression
• The correlation between family meals and child obesity rates
• The effect of parental involvement in sports on child athletic performance
• The impact of social entrepreneurship on sustainable development
• The relationship between emotional labor and job burnout
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating dementia
• The correlation between social media use and academic procrastination
• The effect of poverty on childhood educational attainment
• The impact of urban green spaces on mental health
• The relationship between job insecurity and employee well-being
• The effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between childhood trauma and substance abuse
• The effect of screen time on children’s social skills
• The impact of trade unions on employee job satisfaction
• The relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural communication
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating chronic pain
• The correlation between childhood obesity and adult health outcomes
• The effect of gender diversity on corporate performance
• The impact of environmental regulations on industry competitiveness.
• The impact of renewable energy policies on greenhouse gas emissions
• The relationship between workplace diversity and team performance
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating substance abuse
• The correlation between parental involvement and social skills in early childhood
• The effect of technology use on sleep patterns
• The impact of government regulations on small business growth
• The relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic motivation in adolescents
• The effect of social media on political engagement
• The impact of urbanization on mental health
• The relationship between corporate social responsibility and consumer trust
• The correlation between early childhood education and social-emotional development
• The effect of screen time on cognitive development in young children
• The impact of trade policies on global economic growth
• The relationship between workplace diversity and innovation
• The effectiveness of family therapy in treating eating disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and college persistence
• The effect of social media on body image and self-esteem
• The impact of environmental regulations on business competitiveness
• The relationship between job autonomy and job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating phobias
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement in college
• The effect of social media on sleep quality
• The impact of immigration policies on social integration
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee well-being
• The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in treating personality disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and executive function skills
• The effect of parental involvement on STEM education outcomes
• The impact of trade policies on domestic employment rates
• The relationship between job insecurity and mental health
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and social mobility
• The effect of social media on intergroup relations
• The impact of urbanization on air pollution and respiratory health.
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between early childhood education and language development
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in STEM fields
• The impact of trade policies on income inequality
• The relationship between workplace diversity and customer satisfaction
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and civic engagement in adolescents
• The effect of social media on mental health among teenagers
• The impact of public transportation policies on traffic congestion
• The relationship between job stress and job performance
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between early childhood education and cognitive development
• The effect of parental involvement on academic motivation in college
• The impact of environmental regulations on energy consumption
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee engagement
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in vocational education
• The effect of social media on academic achievement in college
• The impact of tax policies on economic growth
• The relationship between job flexibility and work-life balance
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and social competence
• The effect of parental involvement on career readiness in high school
• The impact of immigration policies on crime rates
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee retention
• The effectiveness of play therapy in treating trauma
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in online learning
• The effect of social media on body dissatisfaction among women
• The impact of urbanization on public health infrastructure
• The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance
• The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between early childhood education and social skills in adolescence
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in the arts
• The impact of trade policies on foreign investment
• The relationship between workplace diversity and decision-making
• The effectiveness of exposure and response prevention therapy in treating OCD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in special education
• The impact of zoning laws on affordable housing
• The relationship between job design and employee motivation
• The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy in treating traumatic brain injury
• The correlation between early childhood education and social-emotional learning
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in foreign language learning
• The impact of trade policies on the environment
• The relationship between workplace diversity and creativity
• The effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy in treating relationship problems
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in music education
• The effect of social media on interpersonal communication skills
• The impact of public health campaigns on health behaviors
• The relationship between job resources and job stress
• The effectiveness of equine therapy in treating substance abuse
• The correlation between early childhood education and self-regulation
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in physical education
• The impact of immigration policies on cultural assimilation
• The relationship between workplace diversity and conflict resolution
• The effectiveness of schema therapy in treating personality disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in career and technical education
• The effect of social media on trust in government institutions
• The impact of urbanization on public transportation systems
• The relationship between job demands and job stress
• The correlation between early childhood education and executive functioning
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in computer science
• The effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in homeschooling
• The effect of social media on cyberbullying behavior
• The impact of urbanization on air quality
• The effectiveness of dance therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and math achievement
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in health education
• The impact of global warming on agriculture
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in character education
• The effect of social media on political participation
• The impact of technology on job displacement
• The relationship between job resources and job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating addiction
• The correlation between early childhood education and reading comprehension
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in environmental education
• The impact of income inequality on social mobility
• The relationship between workplace diversity and organizational culture
• The effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in physical therapy education
• The effect of social media on misinformation
• The impact of green energy policies on economic growth
• The relationship between job demands and employee well-being
• The correlation between early childhood education and science achievement
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in religious education
• The impact of gender diversity on corporate governance
• The relationship between workplace diversity and ethical decision-making
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in dental hygiene education
• The effect of social media on self-esteem among adolescents
• The impact of renewable energy policies on energy security
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in social studies
• The impact of trade policies on job growth
• The relationship between workplace diversity and leadership styles
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in online vocational training
• The effect of social media on self-esteem among men
• The impact of urbanization on air pollution levels
• The effectiveness of music therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between early childhood education and math skills
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in language arts
• The impact of immigration policies on labor market outcomes
• The effectiveness of hypnotherapy in treating phobias
• The effect of social media on political engagement among young adults
• The impact of urbanization on access to green spaces
• The relationship between job crafting and job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating specific phobias
• The correlation between early childhood education and spatial reasoning
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in business education
• The impact of trade policies on economic inequality
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in nursing education
• The effect of social media on sleep quality among adolescents
• The impact of urbanization on crime rates
• The relationship between job insecurity and turnover intentions
• The effectiveness of pet therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and STEM skills
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in culinary education
• The impact of immigration policies on housing affordability
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee satisfaction
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in treating chronic pain
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in art education
• The effect of social media on academic procrastination among college students
• The impact of urbanization on public safety services.

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A framework for welding process selection

• Research Article
• Published: 05 February 2020
• Volume 2 , article number  346 , ( 2020 )

Cite this article

• Mohamed Omar   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-3600 1 &
• Hassan Soltan 1  

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9 Citations

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This paper develops a framework to differentiate welding processes, for industrial purposes, according to two families of criteria. It is constructed as a phase-wise decision support system that reviews objects with physical and economic criteria. The first phase excludes the non-functioning processes from the panel, and catching the best candidate processes are left to the second phase. The second phase is an integrated mechanism that weights the active criteria versus the goal using a FUZZY-AHP system and then it ranks the candidates using a FUZZY-TOPSIS system. Both phases operate linked with parallel and accessible database and knowledge-base to accommodate a large variety of welding factors (alternative welding processes and welding criteria) and allow inserting new ones. This framework is mechanized as a portable software, and then validated based on existing cases. The proposed framework is advantageous with having a flexible opened structure that can manage existing and expected industrial problems.

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1 Introduction

The manufacturing assemblies includes a large variety of welding methods. Furthermore, the design of a welding process involves several physical and economic factors even with using the same method. Thus, the selection of a welding method and its process design becomes a hard task. Conventionally, this task still depends mainly on the experience of manufacturing engineers linked with a few factors, mostly the discontinuity (an element of quality) and cost with a few number of welding processes. In the matter of fact, such routine becomes insufficient while the number of alternative processes increases for the same product as seen from Darwish et al. [ 10 ], and Jayant and Singh [ 17 ]. Therefore, it becomes essential to develop comprehensive systems to solve the welding process selection (WPS) problem with least time and effort. Any successful selection system should comprise an opened database collecting all information of welding methods/processes, products, and materials in addition to a dynamic knowledge-base. The latter contents enable defining, determining, and storing the exact welding problem factors.

It is obvious that the complexity of WPS problem increases as the problem factors increase, and in turn, the number of process differentiation criteria increases. Thus, the WPS represents an NP-hard problem that can’t be solved with rough approaches. The WPS is a typical multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem. Thus, MCDM methods such as TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and their FUZZY versions become the most relevant to construct a successful system for the current purpose as seen later in this paper.

Several approaches were developed to solve the WPS problem. Most of these approaches are limited to small problems. These approaches can be categorized as Just advisory or guiding, simple methodological, and integrated methodological approaches.

However, this paper reviews the most relevant approaches and that related to the purpose. For instance,. Darwish et al. [ 10 ] developed a knowledge-base system for solving the WPS problem and then experimented 30 welding processes. Their system includes the factors of product type, material type and thickness, method of use, quality level, joint type and welding position. Their system needs to a prescreening for the available welding processes. Also, they introduced a methodology to determine the most suitable joining technology based on highlighting the candidate processes that found capable of joining under given conditions. Their selection methodology comprises criteria like joint function (load type and strength), joint technical information (joint configuration and material type), joint spatial information (material thickness and size) and economic factors (production volume and required skills). The corresponding criteria are stored in a database and implemented in a software. Such systems merely candidate welding processes without robust selection mechanism. Yeo and Neo [ 32 ] explored quantitively the effect of welding methods on the environment and WPS using AHP with Crisp values.

Later, Silva et al. [ 27 ] demostrated a sequential mathematical approach for WPS based on quality and cost in Crisp values. They applied to SMAW, GTAW and two versions of GMAW processes. Balasubramanian et al. [ 3 ] reported a specific procedure for WPS using AHP with Crisp values in fabracting cruciform joints of ASTM 517 ‘F’ grade steel. They differentiated the SMAW, FCAW and SAW processes based on the qualitative criteria of initial preparation required, availability of consumables, welder skill requirement, welding procedures, quality of the weld, fatigue of the operator, post weld cleaning, ease of automation, and positional welding capability. Correia and Ferraresi [ 9 ] used their WPS method to compare SAW and GMAW processes based on operational costs and non-quality costs in Crisp values for a specific application.

More robust WPS systems were introduced such as that introduced by Esawi and Ashby [ 12 ] who described a methodology for joining method selection implemented in a software; where a search engine isolates the processes that meet design requirements of material, joint geometry and loading where the information about joining processes with respect to each criterion are stored in a database. The processes are isolated and then ranked based on the relative equipment cost or production rate; that is more relevant. Balasubramanian et al. [ 4 ] applied AHP in a Crisp manner for WPS in fabricating hardface boiler grade steels. They differentiated SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, SAW and PTAW processes based on quantitative and qualitative factors. Their method reported PTAW as the best process for this application. Jafarian and Vahdat [ 16 ] described a WPS system consists of a knowledge-base and a FUZZY-AHP-TOPSIS system and used this to differentiate nine important welding processes considering the criteria of operator factor, alloy class, material thickness, capital cost, deposition rate, design application, joint configuration, welding position, equipment portability, and filler metal utilization. Their system indicated that GTAW, PAW and EBW are the most suitable methods for welding the high pressure vessel. Mirhedayatian et al. [ 24 ] proposed a FUZZY-TOPSIS system for WPS in repairing nodular cast iron engine block. For this purpose, they compared SAW, PAW, TIG, GMAW, FCAW, SMAW, OFW, EBW and LBW processes.

More recent, Jayant and Singh [ 17 ] simply used a knowledge-base AHP system to decide a process for welding high pressure vessel. They differentiated five welding processes based on the criteria of design applications, joint configuration, welding position, capital cost, deposition rate, thickness of parts, weld quality, material class, welding procedure, operator factor filler, metal utilization, and equipment portability. Capraz et al. [ 8 ] used AHP and TOPSIS to select a process for welding plain carbon stainless steel storage tank. They used AHP to weight the criteria according to experts’ opinion and used TOPSIS to rank available welding processes. They applied to MMAW, MIG, MAG, GTAW and SAW processes. However, the existing directions of solving the WPS problem vary according to the differentiation principle adopted.

The remaining of this paper is organized as follows. The proposed framework and its auxiliaries are described in Sect. 2 and demonstrated with case studies in Sect. 3 . The sensitivity of the proposed framework is examined in Sect. 4 . Concluding remarks are presented in Sect. 5 . The paper also contains two appendices; Appendix 1 abbreviates the welding processes and Appendix 2 includes the procedural tables.

2 The proposed framework

The welding factors and sub-factors are found classified in several forms. This can be reviewed from Darwish et al. [ 10 ], Yeo and Neo [ 32 ], Silva et al. [ 27 ], Balasubramanian et al. [ 3 ], Brown et al. [ 7 ], Esawi and Ashby [ 12 ], Correia and Ferraresi [ 9 ], Balasubramanian et al. [ 4 ], Jafarian and Vahdat [ 16 ], and Mirhedayatian et al. [ 24 ]. However, this paper summarizes the main welding factors as shown in Fig.  1 , which can be further classified.

The main welding factors

Figure  2 explores the proposed framework for welding process selection. This framework is mainly an integrated MCDM system. The inception of this layout was introduced by Omar et al. [ 26 ]. The database and knowledge - base are constructed to include the welding factors and their related information of a group of 49 welding processes those abbreviated in Appendix 1 . Based on the source/cause of coalescence between the welded parts, this group is classified as follows.

Proposed framework for welding process selection

Pressure welding processes

Fusion welding processes

RSW, RSEW, RPW, HFW, FW, SW, CD-SW.

Non-fusion welding processes

UW, DFW, RLW, EXW, ICW, BCW, DCW, CEXW, FGW, FSW, FRW, USW.

Non-pressure welding processes

Homogenous welding processes

SMAW, MIG, FCAW-G, FCAW-S, PE-TIG, TIG, SAW, P-MIG, L-MIG, PAW, EGW, ESW, EBW-V, EBW-NV, LBW, GW.

Heterogeneous welding processes

TB, DFB, DB, FB, IB, RB, BZW, TS, DFS, DS, FS, IS, RS and THW.

To construct the database and knowledge - base , the relationships regarding the former welding processes with welding criteria are organized from four aiding sources—textbooks, papers, and database of international welding companies and field visits for Egyptian international companies such as Suzuki Egypt and GS for Engineering & Construction. Refer to Tables 4–14 in Appendix 2 . Table  4 of welding companies is collected and arranged according to the factors and purpose. Tables  12 and 14 are also based on Table  4 . Then, some relationships are set in a linguistic form, which will be transformed using the FUZZY logic. (Notice that Table  4 is concerned with some criteria and most of the welding processes.) Tables of Appendix 2 are associated with the used aiding sources with different degrees as shown in Table  1 .

Making a decision about the best welding process for a given product is completed in two phases— exclusion phase and selection phase . Assisted by the engineers’ opinions and other information, the AHP method is used to weight the welding criteria diffused with FUZZY logic (FUZZY-AHP) such as that followed in Huang et al. [ 15 ]. The TOPSIS method is used to find the final ranking of welding processes diffused with FUZZY logic (FUZZY-TOPSIS) such as that followed in Junior et al. [ 22 ].

The exclusion phase identifies the functional candidate group of welding processes amongst those submitted first and fathoms the other processes. Thus, the given welding processes are reduced to those meet working circumstances of nine factors —maximum and minimum welded part volume, material type, maximum and minimum joint thickness, production volume, weld position, joint type, applicable joint configuration, weld place, and possible applications.

The selection phase ranks the functional candidate group using FUZZY-TOPSIS method based on next seven factors —welding equipment cost, operator factor, maintenance complexity of welding equipment due to machine structure, surface finish, process preparation, health & safety, and weld discontinuity free.

This framework is programmed in MATLAB environment and it can be introduced as software for users with the graphical user interface shown in Fig.  3 . The user only feeds the information displayed. For each factor, the user selects from a pop-up-menu. The program is constructed to display the most preferable welding processes on the solution screen cell while other results are stored internally. The user supplies information about the relative importance (pairwise comparison matrix) of the seven selection criteria in criteria weights determination panel based on AHP Saaty’s scale {1/9, 1/8, …, 1/2; 1, 2, …, 9}. Other information are also supplied following the instructions on the interface.

The graphical user interface of the proposed framework

3 Demonstration

The framework is applied to three typical cases from industry (Figs.  4 , 5 , 6 ). The purpose is to find the best welding process for each application. The output becomes a list grades all welding processes as the best one on the top and so on. Table 15 in the Appendix 2 represents the pairwise comparison matrix of AHP for all cases.

A plumbing butt joint welding

A piping butt joint welding

An automotive lap joint welding

To verify the results of the selection process, the FUZZY linguistic values of the seven selection criteria are judgmentally reviewed. From the other side, the current field practice validates the framework decisions. In addition, for the first two cases, the selected welding processes highly satisfy the physical and economic requirements of the weld. However, the selected welding process for the third case doesn’t highly satisfy the required weld strength even this selection is the same as applied in the field practice.

4 Sensitivity analysis

It remains to examine the sensitivity of the proposed framework to potential changes in the inherent welding factors both qualitative and quantitative. In other words, for the same welding application, a selected welding process may be altered if one or more factors change. For this purpose, Table  2 explores fourteen cases extracted from plumping welding application type with application place ‘in-site welding’ and ‘part volume of 0.07 m 3 ’, i.e., it is allowed to change six exclusion factors. Furthermore, it taken in consideration to impose extreme cases to further examine the robustness of the exclusion process as cases 4, 13 and 14.

Table  3 and Fig.  7 summarizes the sensitivity analysis of the proposed framework in terms of the fourteen cases addressed in Table  2 based on the relative weight (closeness). The candidate welding processes of this experiment are found TS, TB, TIG and SMAW, and cases 4, 13 and 14 are refused by all welding processes. Referring to the plumping application of Fig.  4 , it is found that TB process is the best welding process and as it can be seen from Fig.  7 that TB still apply and dominate as a best process for the examined cases (57% of cases) followed by TS (14% of cases) and then SMAW (7% of cases). Notice that the changes in the exclusion factors bring the TS process to the best panel and postpone the TIG process (Table  3 ). However, TB seems to be the most appropriate welding process for the plumping welding application type. Thus, the framework is sensitive to the significant changes in welding factors.

Weights of candidate welding processes to the examined cases

Intuitively, the welding application type is the most determinant of the best welding process followed by ‘part thickness’ and then ‘production volume’. The results proved that any significant changes in ‘part thickness’ can alter the selected process; for instance if all part thicknesses becomes 5 mm, the TS process will replace the TB process in this experiment. This property enables the welding engineers to set a range of any quantitative factor in which a specific welding process still apply.

5 Conclusions

This paper introduces and applies a modular decision framework for welding process selection avoiding several shortcomings of exiting methods. It filters the submitted processes twice through a sequence of two sets of robust criteria including new ones such as health & safety and system maintenance. This is actuated with an integrated powerful decision making engine. Thus, it can ensure the right decision of differentiating a wider range of industrial processes whatever the complexity of products and welding processes including recent situations. Furthermore, this framework can easily accommodate other criteria and evaluation functions since it becomes an inception for a portable software. This framework is verified and then validated with current industrial cases. The framework sensitivity to changes in the exclusion welding factors is also examined with hypothetical cases based on an industrial application. For a coming extension, the framework will be equipped with additional bundles of factors. A mechanical bundle will be merged to include factors such as weld strength to obtain more accurate and precise selection and to avoid such shortcoming of the third case.

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Appendix 1: Abbreviations of the considered welding processes

See Tables  4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 and 15 .

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Omar, M., Soltan, H. A framework for welding process selection. SN Appl. Sci. 2 , 346 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2144-2

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Received : 31 August 2019

Accepted : 31 January 2020

Published : 05 February 2020

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2144-2

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