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Descriptive Essay: The Industrial Revolution and its Effects

The Industrial Revolution was a time of great age throughout the world. It represented major change from 1760 to the period 1820-1840. The movement originated in Great Britain and affected everything from industrial manufacturing processes to the daily life of the average citizen. I will discuss the Industrial Revolution and the effects it had on the world as a whole.

The primary industry of the time was the textiles industry. It had the most employees, output value, and invested capital. It was the first to take on new modern production methods. The transition to machine power drastically increased productivity and efficiency. This extended to iron production and chemical production.

It started in Great Britain and soon expanded into Western Europe and to the United States. The actual effects of the revolution on different sections of society differed. They manifested themselves at different times. The ‘trickle down’ effect whereby the benefits of the revolution helped the lower classes didn’t happen until towards the 1830s and 1840s. Initially, machines like the Watt Steam Engine and the Spinning Jenny only benefited the rich industrialists.

The effects on the general population, when they did come, were major. Prior to the revolution, most cotton spinning was done with a wheel in the home. These advances allowed families to increase their productivity and output. It gave them more disposable income and enabled them to facilitate the growth of a larger consumer goods market. The lower classes were able to spend. For the first time in history, the masses had a sustained growth in living standards.

Social historians noted the change in where people lived. Industrialists wanted more workers and the new technology largely confined itself to large factories in the cities. Thousands of people who lived in the countryside migrated to the cities permanently. It led to the growth of cities across the world, including London, Manchester, and Boston. The permanent shift from rural living to city living has endured to the present day.

Trade between nations increased as they often had massive surpluses of consumer goods they couldn’t sell in the domestic market. The rate of trade increased and made nations like Great Britain and the United States richer than ever before. Naturally, this translated to military power and the ability to sustain worldwide trade networks and colonies.

On the other hand, the Industrial Revolution and migration led to the mass exploitation of workers and slums. To counter this, workers formed trade unions. They fought back against employers to win rights for themselves and their families. The formation of trade unions and the collective unity of workers across industries are still existent today. It was the first time workers could make demands of their employers. It enfranchised them and gave them rights to upset the status quo and force employers to view their workers as human beings like them.

Overall, the Industrial Revolution was one of the single biggest events in human history. It launched the modern age and drove industrial technology forward at a faster rate than ever before. Even contemporary economics experts failed to predict the extent of the revolution and its effects on world history. It shows why the Industrial Revolution played such a vital role in the building of the United States of today.

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Essay on Industrial Revolution

Students are often asked to write an essay on Industrial Revolution in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Industrial Revolution

What was the industrial revolution.

The Industrial Revolution was a big change in how things were made. Before, people made goods by hand at home. Then, machines in big buildings called factories started doing this work. This change began in Britain in the late 1700s and spread to other countries.

Changes in Technology

New machines could spin thread much faster than by hand. The steam engine was also invented. This could power machines and move trains and ships. These inventions made making things and moving them around quicker and cheaper.

Impact on People

Many people left farms to work in factories in cities. Life became hard for these workers. They worked long hours for little money. But, more goods were made, and over time, people’s lives improved as new jobs were created.

Global Effects

The Industrial Revolution changed the world. Countries with factories got rich and powerful. They used resources from other places to make goods. This led to big changes in trade and made some countries very wealthy.

The Industrial Revolution was a major event that changed how we make things, live, and work. It started over 200 years ago, and its effects are still felt today. It made life better for many, but also created new challenges.

Also check:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Industrial Revolution

250 Words Essay on Industrial Revolution

What was the industrial revolution.

The Industrial Revolution was a big change in the way things were made. Before this time, people made goods by hand at home or in small shops. Around the late 18th century, this changed. Machines began to do the work in big factories. This started in Britain and then spread to other parts of the world.

Changes in Industry

Machines could make things faster and cheaper than humans could by hand. This meant more products could be made and more people could buy them. Steam engines powered these machines, and coal was the fuel. This led to a rise in coal mining and iron production.

Life During the Revolution

Because of factory work, cities grew as people moved there for jobs. This was a big shift from life on farms. Working in factories was hard, and many worked long hours for low pay. The air and water got dirty from the factories, too.

Impact on Society

The Industrial Revolution changed life a lot. Travel became easier with trains and steamships. Communication got better with inventions like the telegraph. People’s lives improved with new goods and technology. But, there were also bad parts, like child labor and pollution.

The Industrial Revolution was a time of big changes in the way we make and buy things. It made life better in many ways, but also brought challenges. Today, we still feel its effects in our daily lives and the way our world works.

500 Words Essay on Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a time of big change in how people worked and lived. It started in the late 1700s and went on until the early 1800s. Before this period, most goods were made by hand, and people lived in small villages and worked on farms. But during the Industrial Revolution, machines began to do the work that people and animals used to do. This change began in Britain and then spread to other countries, including the United States and parts of Europe.

New Inventions

One of the most important parts of the Industrial Revolution was the creation of new machines. These machines could make things faster and cheaper than before. For example, the spinning jenny allowed one worker to make several threads at the same time, and the steam engine could power different kinds of machines. Because of these inventions, factories were built where many machines could work together. This was much different from the old way of making things at home or in small workshops.

Life in Factories

With factories, the way people worked changed a lot. Instead of making goods at their own pace at home, workers had to follow a strict schedule in the factories. They worked long hours and often in tough conditions. Many workers moved from the countryside to cities to find work in these new factories. This led to cities growing very fast and becoming crowded.

Transportation Changes

The Industrial Revolution also changed how goods and people moved from place to place. The steam locomotive made it possible to build railways, which could transport goods and people much faster than horses and carts. Ships also got steam engines, which made travel across oceans quicker and easier. This meant that goods could be sold far away, and it was easier for people to move to new places.

The Industrial Revolution had a big impact on society. It made some people very rich, especially those who owned the factories. But many workers lived in poor conditions and did not get much money. Over time, this led to new laws to protect workers and improve their lives.

Children also worked in factories, and this led to laws about child labor. Education became more important, and more children went to school instead of working.

Changes in Agriculture

Farming also changed during the Industrial Revolution. New machines like the seed drill and the mechanical reaper made farming more efficient. This meant fewer people were needed to work on farms, so they went to work in the factories instead.

The Industrial Revolution was a time of great change. It made life different in many ways, from how people made things to how they lived and worked. It was not always easy or good for everyone, but it led to the modern world we know today. We still feel the effects of these changes in our daily lives, as the new ways of making and doing things that started back then continue to shape our world.

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Essay on Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution marks a pivotal period in human history, fundamentally transforming the fabric of society, economy, and technology. Spanning from the late 18th to the early 19th century, it commenced in Britain and gradually proliferated across the globe. This essay delves into the essence, causes, key developments, and profound impacts of the Industrial Revolution, offering insights for students participating in essay writing competitions.

Industrial Revolution

The genesis of the Industrial Revolution can be traced back to Britain, fueled by a confluence of factors including agricultural advancements, population growth, financial innovations, and a surge in demand for goods. Agricultural improvements led to food surplus, supporting a burgeoning population that provided labor and created a market for industrial goods. Moreover, Britain’s political stability, patent laws, and access to vast resources due to its colonial empire set a fertile ground for industrial innovation.

Technological Innovations

At the heart of the Industrial Revolution were groundbreaking technological innovations that revolutionized manufacturing processes. The introduction of the steam engine by James Watt and the development of power looms significantly enhanced productivity, transitioning industries from manual labor to mechanized production. The iron and coal industries also saw major advancements, with the smelting process being vastly improved by Abraham Darby’s use of coke, leading to stronger and cheaper iron.

Impact on Society and Economy

The Industrial Revolution ushered in dramatic social and economic shifts. Urbanization escalated as people flocked to cities in search of employment in factories, giving rise to burgeoning urban centers. While the revolution generated wealth and propelled economic growth, it also introduced stark social disparities and challenging working conditions. Child labor, long working hours, and unsafe environments became prevalent issues, sparking movements for labor rights and reforms.

Impact on Society

Urbanization: The Industrial Revolution led to a massive shift from rural areas to cities as people moved in search of employment in factories. This urbanization changed the social fabric, leading to the growth of urban centers and the emergence of a new urban working class.
Labor Conditions: Factory work during the early Industrial Revolution was often characterized by long hours, low wages, and harsh working conditions. This led to labor protests and the eventual emergence of labor unions advocating for workers’ rights.
Technological Advancements: The Industrial Revolution saw the development of new technologies and machinery that revolutionized production processes. Innovations like the steam engine and mechanized textile mills transformed industries and increased efficiency.
Social Stratification: The gap between the wealthy industrialists and the working class widened during this period, resulting in increased social inequality. The emergence of a capitalist class and the growth of industrial capitalism contributed to this divide.
Education and Literacy: The need for a skilled workforce led to greater emphasis on education. Public education systems began to develop, contributing to higher literacy rates among the population.
Family Life: The traditional family structure evolved as men, women, and children worked in factories. Child labor, in particular, became a contentious issue, eventually leading to child labor laws and reforms.
Social Reform Movements: The harsh conditions of industrialization fueled various social reform movements, including the women’s suffrage movement, the abolitionist movement, and efforts to improve public health and housing conditions.

Impact on the Economy

Economic Growth: The Industrial Revolution fueled rapid economic growth as production processes became more efficient, leading to increased output of goods and services.
New Industries: New industries and sectors emerged, such as textiles, coal mining, iron and steel production, and transportation. These industries became the backbone of the modern economy.
Global Trade: The Industrial Revolution facilitated global trade by improving transportation and communication networks. The expansion of railways, canals, and steamships allowed for the movement of goods on a larger scale.
Entrepreneurship: The period saw the rise of entrepreneurship, with individuals and companies investing in new ventures and technologies. Innovators like James Watt and George Stephenson played pivotal roles in the development of steam power and transportation.
Financial Institutions: The growth of industry led to the expansion of financial institutions, including banks and stock exchanges, to support investment and capital accumulation.
Capitalism and Market Economies: The Industrial Revolution played a significant role in the development of capitalism and market-driven economies, with private ownership of means of production and the pursuit of profit as driving forces.
Labor Markets: Labor markets evolved as people migrated to urban areas in search of work. The supply of labor increased, impacting wages, labor laws, and the development of employment contracts.
Consumer Culture: Mass production and improved transportation made consumer goods more accessible and affordable. This contributed to the rise of consumer culture and the growth of retail markets.

Transportation and Communication Breakthroughs

Transportation and communication underwent transformative changes, shrinking distances and fostering global interconnectedness. The construction of railways and the steam locomotive revolutionized travel and commerce, enabling faster movement of goods and people. Similarly, the telegraph, patented by Samuel Morse, allowed for instantaneous communication over long distances, laying the groundwork for the modern connected world.

Environmental and Global Implications

The Industrial Revolution had profound environmental impacts, with increased pollution and resource exploitation becoming notable concerns. The reliance on coal and the expansion of industries contributed to air and water pollution, foreshadowing contemporary environmental challenges. Globally, the revolution catalyzed industrialization in other countries, altering global trade patterns and establishing new economic hierarchies.

Cultural and Intellectual Responses

The Industrial Revolution also sparked a rich cultural and intellectual response, inspiring movements such as Romanticism, which critiqued the era’s industrialization and its disconnect from nature. Philosophers and economists, including Karl Marx and Adam Smith, analyzed its implications on class relations and economic systems, offering divergent perspectives on industrial capitalism.

The Second Industrial Revolution

Following the initial wave of industrialization, a Second Industrial Revolution emerged in the late 19th century, characterized by further technological advancements in steel production, electricity, and chemical processes. Innovations such as the internal combustion engine and the harnessing of electricity for lighting and motors opened new avenues for industrial and societal development.

Challenges and Reforms

The Industrial Revolution’s darker facets, such as exploitative labor practices and environmental degradation, elicited calls for reform. The establishment of labor unions and the enactment of laws to improve working conditions and limit child labor were critical steps towards addressing these issues. These reforms laid the groundwork for modern labor rights and environmental consciousness.

Legacy and Continuing Influence

The legacy of the Industrial Revolution is enduring, laying the foundations for modern industrial society and shaping the contemporary world. Its innovations spurred continuous technological progress, setting the stage for the information age and the current technological revolution. Moreover, it has left lasting imprints on societal structures, economic practices, and global relations.

In conclusion, The Industrial Revolution was not merely a period of technological innovation; it was a profound transformation that redefined human society, economy, and the environment. Its multifaceted impacts, from spurring economic growth and global interconnectedness to introducing social challenges and environmental concerns, underscore its complexity and significance. As students delve into the intricacies of the Industrial Revolution, they uncover the roots of modern society and the ongoing evolution shaped by this pivotal era in human history. This exploration not only enriches their understanding of the past but also offers valuable lessons for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the future.

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Industrial Revolution

By: History.com Editors

Updated: March 27, 2023 | Original: October 29, 2009

The Iron Rolling Mill (Modern Cyclopes), 1873-1875. Artist: Menzel, Adolph Friedrich, von (1815-1905) Berlin.

The Industrial Revolution was a period of scientific and technological development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies—especially in Europe and North America—into industrialized, urban ones. Goods that had once been painstakingly crafted by hand started to be produced in mass quantities by machines in factories, thanks to the introduction of new machines and techniques in textiles, iron making and other industries.

When Was the Industrial Revolution?

Though a few innovations were developed as early as the 1700s, the Industrial Revolution began in earnest by the 1830s and 1840s in Britain, and soon spread to the rest of the world, including the United States.

Modern historians often refer to this period as the First Industrial Revolution, to set it apart from a second period of industrialization that took place from the late 19th to early 20th centuries and saw rapid advances in the steel, electric and automobile industries.

Spinning Jenny

Thanks in part to its damp climate, ideal for raising sheep, Britain had a long history of producing textiles like wool, linen and cotton. But prior to the Industrial Revolution, the British textile business was a true “cottage industry,” with the work performed in small workshops or even homes by individual spinners, weavers and dyers.

Starting in the mid-18th century, innovations like the spinning jenny (a wooden frame with multiple spindles), the flying shuttle, the water frame and the power loom made weaving cloth and spinning yarn and thread much easier. Producing cloth became faster and required less time and far less human labor.

More efficient, mechanized production meant Britain’s new textile factories could meet the growing demand for cloth both at home and abroad, where the British Empire’s many overseas colonies provided a captive market for its goods. In addition to textiles, the British iron industry also adopted new innovations.

Chief among the new techniques was the smelting of iron ore with coke (a material made by heating coal) instead of the traditional charcoal. This method was both cheaper and produced higher-quality material, enabling Britain’s iron and steel production to expand in response to demand created by the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) and the later growth of the railroad industry.

Impact of Steam Power

An icon of the Industrial Revolution broke onto the scene in the early 1700s, when Thomas Newcomen designed the prototype for the first modern steam engine . Called the “atmospheric steam engine,” Newcomen’s invention was originally applied to power the machines used to pump water out of mine shafts.

In the 1760s, Scottish engineer James Watt began tinkering with one of Newcomen’s models, adding a separate water condenser that made it far more efficient. Watt later collaborated with Matthew Boulton to invent a steam engine with a rotary motion, a key innovation that would allow steam power to spread across British industries, including flour, paper, and cotton mills, iron works, distilleries, waterworks and canals.

Just as steam engines needed coal, steam power allowed miners to go deeper and extract more of this relatively cheap energy source. The demand for coal skyrocketed throughout the Industrial Revolution and beyond, as it would be needed to run not only the factories used to produce manufactured goods, but also the railroads and steamships used for transporting them.

When a Horse Raced Against a Locomotive During the Industrial Revolution

An 1830 battle between steam and horse power marked the moment when the Industrial Revolution changed transportation forever.

The Original Luddites Raged Against the Machine of the Industrial Revolution

Uprisings against a new economic structure imposed by the Industrial Revolution gave rise to the insult "luddite."

The Spies Who Launched America’s Industrial Revolution

From water‑powered textile mills, to mechanical looms, much of the machinery that powered America's early industrial success was "borrowed" from Europe.

Transportation During the Industrial Revolution

Britain’s road network, which had been relatively primitive prior to industrialization, soon saw substantial improvements, and more than 2,000 miles of canals were in use across Britain by 1815.

In the early 1800s, Richard Trevithick debuted a steam-powered locomotive, and in 1830 similar locomotives started transporting freight (and passengers) between the industrial hubs of Manchester and Liverpool. By that time, steam-powered boats and ships were already in wide use, carrying goods along Britain’s rivers and canals as well as across the Atlantic.

Banking and Communication in the Industrial Revolution

In 1776, Scottish social philosopher Adam Smith , who is regarded as the founder of modern economics, published The Wealth of Nations . In it, Smith promoted an economic system based on free enterprise, the private ownership of means of production, and lack of government interference.

Banks and industrial financiers soon rose to new prominence during this period, as well as a factory system dependent on owners and managers. A stock exchange was established in London in the 1770s; the New York Stock Exchange was founded in the early 1790s.

The latter part of the Industrial Revolution also saw key advances in communication methods, as people increasingly saw the need to communicate efficiently over long distances. In 1837, British inventors William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patented the first commercial telegraphy system, even as Samuel Morse and other inventors worked on their own versions in the United States.

Cooke and Wheatstone’s system would be used for railroad signaling, as the speed of the new steam-powered trains created a need for more sophisticated means of communication.

Labor Movement

Though many people in Britain had begun moving to the cities from rural areas before the Industrial Revolution, this process accelerated dramatically with industrialization, as the rise of large factories turned smaller towns into major cities over the span of decades. This rapid urbanization brought significant challenges, as overcrowded cities suffered from pollution, inadequate sanitation, miserable housing conditions and a lack of safe drinking water.

Meanwhile, even as industrialization increased economic output overall and improved the standard of living for the middle and upper classes, poor and working class people continued to struggle. The mechanization of labor created by technological innovation had made working in factories increasingly tedious (and sometimes dangerous), and many workers—including children—were forced to work long hours for pitifully low wages.

Such dramatic changes and abuses fueled opposition to industrialization worldwide, including the “ Luddites ,” known for their violent resistance to changes in Britain’s textile industry.

Did you know? The word "luddite" refers to a person who is opposed to technological change. The term is derived from a group of early 19th century English workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery as a means of protest. They were supposedly led by a man named Ned Ludd, though he may have been an apocryphal figure.

In the decades to come, outrage over substandard working and living conditions would fuel the formation of labor unions , as well as the passage of new child labor laws and public health regulations in both Britain and the United States, all aimed at improving life for working class and poor citizens who had been negatively impacted by industrialization.

The Industrial Revolution in the United States

The beginning of industrialization in the United States is usually pegged to the opening of a textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1793 by the recent English immigrant Samuel Slater. Slater had worked at one of the mills opened by Richard Arkwright (inventor of the water frame) mills, and despite laws prohibiting the emigration of textile workers, he brought Arkwright’s designs across the Atlantic. He later built several other cotton mills in New England, and became known as the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution.”

The United States followed its own path to industrialization, spurred by innovations “borrowed” from Britain as well as by homegrown inventors like Eli Whitney . Whitney’s 1793 invention of the cotton gin (short for “engine”) revolutionized the nation’s cotton industry (and strengthened the hold of slavery over the cotton-producing South).

By the end of the 19th century, with the so-called Second Industrial Revolution underway, the United States would also transition from a largely agrarian society to an increasingly urbanized one, with all the attendant problems.

By the mid-19th century, industrialization was well-established throughout the western part of Europe and America’s northeastern region. By the early 20th century, the U.S. had become the world’s leading industrial nation.

How the Industrial Revolution Fueled the Growth of Cities

The rise of mills and factories drew an influx of people to cities—and placed new demand on urban infrastructures.

7 Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

While the Industrial Revolution generated new opportunities and economic growth, it also introduced pollution and acute hardships for workers.

8 Groundbreaking Inventions from the Second Industrial Revolution

The period between the late 1800s and the early 1900s saw a boom in innovations that would take the world by storm.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Historians continue to debate many aspects of industrialization, including its exact timeline, why it began in Britain as opposed to other parts of the world and the idea that it was actually more of a gradual evolution than a revolution. The positives and negatives of the Industrial Revolution are complex.

On one hand, unsafe working conditions were rife and environmental pollution from coal and gas are legacies we still struggle with today. On the other, the move to cities and ingenious inventions that made clothing, communication and transportation more affordable and accessible to the masses changed the course of world history.

Regardless of these questions, the Industrial Revolution had a transformative economic, social and cultural impact, and played an integral role in laying the foundations for modern society.

Photo Galleries

Robert C. Allen, The Industrial Revolution: A Very Short Introduction . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007 Claire Hopley, “A History of the British Cotton Industry.” British Heritage Travel , July 29, 2006 William Rosen, The Most Powerful Idea in the World: A Story of Steam, Industry, and Invention . New York: Random House, 2010 Gavin Weightman, The Industrial Revolutionaries: The Making of the Modern World, 1776-1914 . New York: Grove Press, 2007 Matthew White, “Georgian Britain: The Industrial Revolution.” British Library , October 14, 2009

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Industrial Revolution - Free Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

The Industrial Revolution was a period from about 1760 to 1840 in which major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions. Essays could discuss its causes, impacts on society, the economy, and the environment, as well as comparisons with other revolutionary periods like the digital revolution. A vast selection of complimentary essay illustrations pertaining to Industrial Revolution you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Pre-Industrial Revolution

Pre- Industrial Revolution Prior to the Industrial Revolution the way most people lived in Europe was very different to how they lived post the Industrial Revolution. 9 out of 10 people lived in rural areas, there was a large mostly poor lower class, a small rich upper class and not much of a middle class. Rural people raised most of their food on small farms and they didn't have to leave home each day to work at their jobs. Ordinary […]

The Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution took place in America from the 1870s until the beginning of World War I in 1914. During these forty-five years young children and women began working in the workforce as well as many people migrating from all over the world, mostly from Europe in hope to find their American dream and jobs. This created urbanization and overpopulation. Technology also advanced which created a more competitive companies and economy. The characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution include […]

The Economic Change

The Industrial Revolution was the economic change from agriculture products to machine manufactured products that began in England around the 1750s and ended in the 1870s. Britain then forced workers to stay in the country so that they didn't let the U.S. know the industrial secrets of Britain; eventually, Samuel Slater, an English businessman, fled to the U.S. with knowledge of machinery and textile industry in hopes to get wealthy. This sparked the Industrial Revolution, which caused massive changes in […]

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Started the Industrial Revolution

What Started the Industrial Revolution and How It Changed Society Vanessa Civil Union County College Abstract This paper explores three published articles that show how the Industrial Revolution started and shaped society. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the 18th century and later moved to other countries such as Germany, France, and the United States. This is the time period when agricultural societies became more industrialized. Industrial Revolution drastically changed society, before the industrial revolution people were mostly in […]

Industrial Revolution Affected Society

The industrial revolution affected society during the late 1700s-mid 1800s by increasing production and improving communication, but it also caused harsh working conditions and pollution. The increase of production caused by new organizational strategies and new inventions, such as the industrial mill and the factory system, increased job opportunities and lowered prices, improving the quality of life. Communication enhanced during the industrial revolution due to new inventions, such as the telegraph, which enabled long-distance communication for business and private matters. […]

The Industrial Era

The Industrial Era was a time in which American transformed into a modern, urban and industrial nation. The growth of the economy encouraged the industry. The rural and farm life of the nation was taken over by the industry and urbanization. The development of cities involved advancements in technology and an increase in diversity within a society. The Industrial Revolution reached the United States during the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution reshaped culture in America. It had significant effects on […]

Fascinating History of the Industrial Revolution

The fascinating history of the Industrial Revolution begins with a brief understanding of what Pre-Industrial Revolution life was like in the early 1700s. Most of the people during this time period lived in rural areas and worked on their family's farm. Their success in farming was very weather dependent and they made everything themselves from the plots of land around them. Not only was the pace of manufacturing slow, but it was done by hand using very basic tools. Products […]

Industrial Revolution Evolved in Britain

Industrial Revolution evolved in Britain in the 18th century, mass production factories started to take place. Industrial Revolution changed Britain's society forever because everything had changed. British industries were small workshops, and everything was made by hand before the Industrial Revolution. Britain was dependent on India for cotton however after the Industrial Revolution they can take raw cotton and made the thread themselves. Soon After the Industrial Revolution moved beyond Britain to United States because of a man named Samuel […]

Revolutions are Seen as Positive Advancements

Industrial Revolutions are seen as positive advancements, which can lead to furthering economic growth in a nation. Although, industrial revolutions can bring numerous positive outcomes, it can also bring many negative outcomes to the developing country that is going through an industrial change. Throughout history, there has been more than one industrial revolution that has occurred, and it also continues to happen to this day. So far, there has been three different waves of industrial revolution and we are currently […]

The Industrial Revolution Began

The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, changing society and opening doors of unlimited production possibilities. The inventors of this time created a new look on life and the eager society of the century never looked back. The Revolution was made possible by people such as James Watt, Benjamin Franklin, and Eli White. The Revolution encouraged the transition from agricultural labor to industrial labor, such as factory work. During the time of the Industrial Revolution, there was a rapid […]

Industrial Revolution was an Era

The Industrial Revolution was an era that had a great impact in American history. It was a time period that showed a large amount of change in the economy. During this time human hands were replaced by large machines and manufacturing. Before all of these changes were made, all work was done by hand which took a lot more time for things to get done. This all came about in Great Britain during the mid 18th century. Samuel Slater brought […]

Increase of Child Labor

Industrial Revolution Due to the increase of child labor and the improvement in transportation, society during and after the Industrial Revolution was a mixed legacy. Many new things started during this time period. Child labor was a negative effect on society, whereas transportation was a positive effect. Many of the new things that happened during the Industrial Revolution set the foundations higher for modern society as a whole. The Industrial Revolution called for a higher work ethic and the will […]

Think of the Industrial Revolution

When I think of the Industrial Revolution I think of supply and demand. The Industrial Revolution took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, during a period in which many areas were mostly rural societies in Europe and America, before becoming industrialized. Then, urban city life was born, ultimately creating power driven machinery, factories, jobs and economic development. Before the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was often prepared in people's homes or farms using basic tools or simple machines. Industrialization caused a […]

During the Industrial Revolution

During the Industrial Revolution the urbanization of cities and the rise in factories in the US contributed to environmental damage and the health hazards of humans through pollution. This quote, Industries discharged foul, sometimes toxic, solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes into the surrounding air, water, and land (Rosen, 565) tells us how unregulated factories expelled dangerous wastes into the ecosystem without being treated to be harmless. During the Industrial Revolution the lifestyle of Americans in the US changed and population […]

The Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution was the start of fast growth for machines and mechanics. This was the big change for our society. The cities grew and factories were being built and the revolution started from water, iron, steam and shift from agriculture. The second phase of the revolution was based on new technologies of technology, oil, the petrol engine emerged, and greater use of cheap steel. In the Industrial Revolution, there was a huge population shift. It began moving from rural […]

Main Changes during the Industrial Revolution

During the Industrial Revolution, many lives were changed by innovations. There were some innovations that needed to be updated, but there were also some ideas that needed to come to life. Some of the most important innovations were the telephone, the incandescent lightbulb and the car. In 1846, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. The telepone was invented to improve the telegraph. In contrast to the telegraph that used Morse Codes, the telephone allowed people to use their voices to […]

Revolution in the United States

The industrial revolution in the United States of America took a turn from a conventional agricultural society into a vibrant industrial society soon after the civil war. These remarkable changes were a result of many factors such as the availability of raw materials, a large labor force as well as the development of the trans-continental railroad system among other factors. The discovery of iron ore was also among the factors that helped to power up the American Industrial revolution. There […]

First Industrial Revolution

What would our lives look like if it weren't for the machines that we use on a daily bases? Before the discovery of fossil fuels everything ran on a simply sources of energy. The main sources of energy before the Industrial Revolution would have been what little energy that was captured from various types of windmills or waterwheels that would capture energy to use immediately. The way things had been drastically changed with the discovery of fossil fuels underground. New […]

Industrial Revolution Took Place

The Industrial Revolution took place during what we know as the Victorian Era. It impacted the lives of millions of people in ways that could never have been imaged at the time; and the ideals and inventions of then continue to influence our lives even still. While many of the developments during the Industrial Revolution had a positive effect, some did not. The Industrial Revolution brought about extreme poverty, child labor, gruesome injuries, and unhygienic practices. Many of these things […]

The British Industrial Revolution

Introduction The British industrial revolution is also known as the scientific revolution, due to the fact that many scientific and technological discoveries were made during this period in Britain. The industrial revolution is also seen as the era when gadgets were invented. It also led to the too different acts being passed to protect labor workers during the period where they highly relied on child labor and the health concerns of the lower-class. These innovations would not have been possible […]

What were some Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution is defined as a change in manufacturing and transportation that took place in the late 1700s and 1800s. Before the Industrial Revolution that began in England, people used hand tools and basic equipment to make things at home, but after industrialization, most of them were replaced by the machines. Industrialization was the transition to factories, special purpose machinery, and mass production. The textile industries, along with the development of steam engines, iron products played a central role […]

Child Labor was a Crucial Part

Child labor was a crucial part for the success of the United States. Making small children work for fifteen hours a day is terrible and in no way moral. However, without the children working then the Industrial revolution would have failed in America ,thus, having major consequences. America is one of the leading countries in the world in economics,science, technology, and more. All of this success stems from the Industrial revolution. Without the revolution America would be so far behind […]

The Industrial Revolution and Child Labor

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Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution

Industrial revolution was the major crucial eras that changed Great Britain Nardinelli (1980; p.739). It happened because of steady monetary, social and political posture in Great Britain and conveyed permanent effects in Britain. With its fast rising monopoly on ocean trade, its renewed interest in technical discovery, and its system of state banks holding tight to its economic safety. Industrial revolution was called the greatest era in the history which endlessly transformed Verdon (2002; p.299) stated that urban life, social […]

Industrial Revolution: Definitions, Causes and History

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Industrialization is when a country or region enters into a period of great industrial growth which implies several economic and social changes. Economically speaking, a country with a large population would be a prime spot for industrialization due to the large population needing jobs and money. This in turn would cause people to urbanize around areas where factories were located which makes a bigger population. In terms of social changes, the "lowest class" was created, which consisted of the working […]

Negative Effects of Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution

In the early 1800’s to the middle half of the 1900’s, children were viewed as labor workers. Children did not attend school or get an education like kids do today. Instead, adults took these young kids advantage and used them as labor workers since they were too naive and unable to go against the commands of adults. As the Newsies insinuates, life back in the Industrial Revolution was you work or you live on the streets. Adults and kids alike […]

The Industrial Revolution Analysis

The Industrial Revolution was one of the most important turning points in all of human history, and to many, the Revolution along with its problems, is a thing of the distant past. However, this could not be further from the truth. While developed countries such as United States and England have passed the Industrial Age for the most part, developing areas such as China still have citizens who see similar issues as those during the Industrial Revolution, and little to […]

Industrial Revolution Expanded Throughout Britain

"During the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution expanded throughout Britain rigorously. The use of steam-powered machines led to an enormous increase in the number of factories being built, primarily textile mills. However, child labor reached a whole new measure during this time period. The Industrial Revolution was a major aspect involving children working long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little wages. They were considered valuable laborers because their small stature allowed them to be restricted into smaller spaces […]

Industrial Revolution – the New Factory System

"During the Industrial Revolution the new factory system and mining created a need for more workers. These new types of jobs were unsafe because no safety measures existed. Also, children were put to work because they were cheaper to hire and the jobs didn’t require skills. Unions fought to change these unsafe conditions and that eventually led to action by the government. Women were the leading force in ending child labor. Eventually these problems ended, creating the conditions that exist […]

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How to Write an Essay About Industrial Revolution

Understanding the industrial revolution.

Before diving into an essay about the Industrial Revolution, it's crucial to understand its historical significance and impact. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century and continued into the 19th century, was a period of major industrialization and technological advancement that transformed largely agrarian and handcraft-centered economies into industrial and machine-dominated ones. This transformation began in Great Britain and gradually spread to other parts of the world. Your essay should start by explaining the origins of the Industrial Revolution, highlighting key technological innovations like the steam engine and mechanized textile production. Discuss the various factors that contributed to the start of the Industrial Revolution, such as economic conditions, availability of resources, and social and political changes.

Developing a Thesis Statement

A strong essay on the Industrial Revolution should be anchored by a clear, concise thesis statement. This statement should present a specific viewpoint or argument about the Industrial Revolution. For example, you might explore its impact on economic growth, analyze its effects on social structures, or argue how it paved the way for modern industrial societies. Your thesis will guide the direction of your essay and provide a structured approach to your analysis.

Gathering Supporting Evidence

To support your thesis, gather evidence from various sources, including historical texts, academic journals, and economic analyses. This might include data on industrial output, demographic changes, urbanization trends, or first-hand accounts of life during the Industrial Revolution. Use this evidence to support your thesis and build a persuasive argument. Be sure to consider different perspectives and address potential counterarguments.

Analyzing the Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Dedicate a section of your essay to analyzing the effects of the Industrial Revolution. Discuss how it transformed economies, social structures, urban environments, and even global relationships. Consider both the positive outcomes, such as increased production and technological advancements, and the negative consequences, including environmental damage and the exploitation of workers. Explore how the Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern world, including its ongoing influence in contemporary societies.

Concluding the Essay

Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points of your discussion and restating your thesis in light of the evidence provided. Your conclusion should tie together your analysis and emphasize the significance of the Industrial Revolution in shaping the modern world. You might also want to reflect on the lessons learned from this period or its relevance to current technological and industrial transformations.

Reviewing and Refining Your Essay

After completing your essay, review and refine it for clarity and coherence. Ensure that your arguments are well-structured and supported by evidence. Check for grammatical accuracy and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Consider seeking feedback from peers, educators, or historians to further improve your essay. A well-written essay on the Industrial Revolution will not only demonstrate your understanding of this pivotal period in history but also your ability to engage with complex historical themes and issues.

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Industrial Revolution

Essays on Industrial Revolution

Writing an industrial revolution essay will help you understand how the industrial revolution laid the foundation for modern civilization. This structural transformation of the economy first took place in England, and Great Britain was rightfully called the "first industrial nation". Many industrial revolution essays and essays about inventions in machinery which cover Brittan’s progress in this regard. The term "industrial revolution" was first used in the 1920s. A number of economists define this transformation as "the emergence of modern industry". One of the main differences between pre-industrial and industrial societies is the reduced role of the agricultural sector and the rise of manufacturing and construction. There are numerous samples of essays on industrial revolution that target developments of specific sectors. Review industrial revolution essay samples below to gain further understanding of the subject – it will be helpful for your essay.

The Role of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain The industrial revolution played a major role in the establishment and expansion of various institutions in Great Britain. As more people migrated and settled in major towns, the health and education sectors were enhanced. An improvement in the average income for the...

Prior to Industrialization The majority of British citizens were farmers who raised both crops and animals. Farming was done on small plots of land because production was, however, comparatively small. The country's population increased by 30 million as a result of industrialization, which got underway in the early 18th century (Jankovi,...

Words: 1184

Early Modern Europe Early modern Europe is the term used to describe the period of European history from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution. Early modern Europe is thought to have been defined by the development of the printing press with moveable type. The conclusion of the War of the...

The Gilded Age Economy The rapid development of new agricultural and industrial equipment fueled the Gilded Age economy. In order to increase agricultural output, farmers were able to use mechanical reapers, steam tractors, and combine harvesters. To boost output, steel manufacturing companies used the Bessemer blast furnace and the Siemens-Martin open...

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Transformation of the American Entertainment Industry From the 18th century to the present, the American entertainment industry has experienced a significant transformation. During the second industrial revolution at the end of the 19th century, there was an increase in population, a reduction in working hours, more discretionary income, increasing urbanization, and...

Words: 1257

Artists deviated from old styles at the end of the nineteenth century to create new era of art. The origins of modernism and contemporary art can be traced back to the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution's advances in technology, production, and transportation had a significant effect on the economic, social,...

Words: 2016

The Impact of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution that befell in the 19th century considerably changed America s way of lifestyles and had a profound impact on the subsequent world economy. Industrialization is the method by using which a society transforms from an agricultural-based financial system to a manufacturing-based entity....

Words: 1888

The 19th century American Industrial revolution led to significant change in the way of life of the Americans and the world economy at large. Industrialization entails the process in which a society changes from an agricultural bused economy to a manufacturing based economy entity. The change brought about by the...

The Industrial Revolution in Britain: an Epoch of Innovation and Change

Categories: British Industrial Revolution Great Britain

About this sample

Words: 1061 |

Published: Dec 12, 2018

Words: 1061 | Pages: 2 | 6 min read

The catalysts of change, technological advancements and innovations, social transformations and challenges, hook examples for industrial revolution essay.

A Time Machine: Imagine stepping into a time machine and journeying back to the heart of the 18th century. Join me as we explore the revolutionary transformation that swept through Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
An Intriguing Quote: Charles Dickens once wrote, “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…” These words encapsulate the paradox of the Industrial Revolution. Let’s delve into the profound changes and challenges it brought to British society.
A Tale of Innovation: From steam engines to cotton mills, the Industrial Revolution was a hotbed of innovation. Explore with me how these technological advancements reshaped the British landscape and economy.
A Social Revolution: Beyond machinery, the Industrial Revolution unleashed a social upheaval. Join me in unraveling the impact on workers, families, and the dynamics of class during this transformative period.
A Global Perspective: The Industrial Revolution not only altered Britain but also had ripple effects around the world. Discover how this pivotal moment in history shaped global trade, imperialism, and the course of human progress.

Works Cited

Investopedia. (2021). American Dream.
Locke, J. (1690). Two Treatises of Government.
Rousseau, J. J. (1762). The Social Contract.
The Constitution of the United States. (n.d.).
The Declaration of Independence. (1776).
Pew Research Center. (2021). Global views on morality. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2021/06/24/global-views-on-morality/
Smith, B. (2003). The First Amendment Center.
Tocqueville, A. D. (1835). Democracy in America. Retrieved from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/815/815-h/815-h.htm
United Nations. (n.d.). Human Rights.
United States Census Bureau. (2021). Educational Attainment in the United States: 2020. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2021/demo/education-2021.html

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Industrial Revolution Essay: Example and Tips

1 Introduction to industrial revolution essay example
2.1 Pros and Cons of the Industrial Revolution
2.2 The Road to Product Saturation or the Pros of Revolution
2.3 Cons of the industrial revolution
3 Conclusion of industrial revolution essay

Introduction to industrial revolution essay example

The road to the Industrial Revolution was opened by the rapid development of transport networks – for the first time since the Roman Empire. From the very beginning of the reign of George III, a network of channels developed in the country, which provided many places with those benefits that London had long enjoyed. The channels were conducted in all regions of the country, and for their time they meant a lot, although after the introduction of the railway communication the channel age ends. For the same reason, hard-surfaced roads with their regular carriages are also rapidly becoming obsolete.

The industrial revolution is a rather lengthy process for setting up a modern industrial scale for the production and marketing of goods. This process begins with the invention of the first looms and the establishment of the production of cotton fabrics back in the 18th century. Soon in Lancashire there is an industry – for the moment on a small scale – in small factories (mills), on which machines for water traction are installed. A similar kind of production occurs in Liverpool. During the XIX century, an increasing proportion of the population is connected to mass production of goods, and factories are displacing more and more home and agricultural productions from the market. Fortunately, when factories became the usual place of work for the majority of the population, some of its worst aspects were corrected: from 1833 the state conducted inspections and regulates the activities of producers, which could only be envied by workers employed in small manufactories at an old-style home.

Example of main part of industrial revolution essay example

The next big step was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1764 (patented in 1769.) After that, together with his assistants, he continued to work on the engine, perfecting it for all sorts of tasks. Soon, the most diverse industries – coal mines, Cornwall tin mines, New River Company – all began to use steam traction, and thus the steam tract gradually began to replace the traditional less powerful water.

Another important step was the use of coal in the smelting of iron ore. Previously, wood was used for this, but by that time there was little forest in the country, and the use of pure coal made the iron fragile. The output was found when the first time coal was obtained from coke. In 1740, the Yorkshire watchmaker, Huntsman, opened the recipe for steelmaking, smelting iron with a small admixture of coal. As a result, over forty years, iron production is growing 10-fold. Throughout the island, there are new plants, each with its own version of the steam boiler. Together with these plants a new class is developing in the country – a modern mechanic.

Modern industry has produced a new class – a class of well-educated and well paid engineers, to whose advice hundreds of producers throughout the country listened with reverence. To this very class belonged the family of Stevenson from Tyneside, the inventor of the railway communication. The inventor of the locomotive did not belong to the bourgeois class – he was from among the workers, and he learned to read only at the age of 17. The slogan of the new time was “help yourself,” and the emerging mechanical institutions were a new model of higher education.

For the first time since Anglo-Saxon times, the north-western part of the country, the ancient Northumbria and Mercia, were no less important than the agricultural south, or London with its suburbs. The old textile centers in East Anglia were in the shadows because of the stubborn competition with the new centers. Until the end of the Napoleonic wars, these new centers did not require political influence, but subsequently this shift of power, finance and political influence to the north and west was the reason for the forthcoming reform of the parliament.

The industrial revolution caused a turning point in the centuries – this was the time of mass migration of the population. Men and women were gradually moving to the industrial regions of the country, and on the lands around these areas, the incredibly low price of labor of an agricultural wage worker has become blatantly evident. But the living conditions of the new working class were extremely difficult, and became even more severe because of high prices, lack of goods and unemployment, which were the consequence of the Napoleonic wars.

The perversions were more than sufficient for the first period of the formation of the new economic formation, but they were in many ways a consequence and augmentation of the evils of old industries, rather than new vices. Coal mines existed for centuries, in them miners were always paid little, provided them with terrible housing and were forced to work incredibly much. Until 1815 in Northumberland or Durham, it was not customary to investigate the circumstances of the death of miners. Women and children also worked in the mines, and they worked in horrific conditions in the damp darkness of the mine. The industrial age has simply shown these unpleasant aspects of people’s lives more sharply.

Pros and Cons of the Industrial Revolution

The essence of the industrial revolution lies in the transition to mechanized labor. During this process, a significant part of the production operations was transferred from the person to the machine, and the worker was assigned the role of the machine operator.

Until the beginning of the last century, the mechanization of production was carried out in all countries, which are now among the world’s economic leaders (except China). The change in the mode of production entailed a mass breaking of the established life stereotypes, radically changing the basic principles of people’s existence (that is why the term “revolution” is used for this phenomenon). Despite the talk about the emergence of a “post-industrial society,” humanity lives on these principles today, and a retreat from them for the time being threatens it with serious economic troubles, which was clearly demonstrated by the last global financial crisis.

But, if the industrial revolution brought certain benefits to humanity, today we would live in an ideal world. As in any case, a global reorganization has spawned both its own problems and its victims.

The Road to Product Saturation or the Pros of Revolution

The main and most obvious advantage of mechanized production is a sharp increase in its volume and a reduction in the cost of production. Improvement of the quality should also be mentioned – the machine works more accurately than a person, avoiding random flaws. Statistical data on the volume of production in the leading industries in those countries where the industrial revolution was actively going on, shows an increase in the output of goods at times for 20-30 years. Thus, there was a saturation of the market with goods with a simultaneous decrease in prices for them. Thanks to mechanization, a very large number of people were able to take advantage of industrial production.

The industrial revolution facilitated communication between people living at a considerable distance from each other. Mechanization came in transport and communications, because accelerated production required accelerated delivery of raw materials, accelerated shipment of finished products and timely information on various manufacturing nuances. But as a result, everything was available by the use the railway, telegraph and telephone.

Mechanization contributed to the growth of education and awareness of people. The profession of an engineer appeared and became very popular. The workers were also forced to study: they had to get acquainted with the instructions to the machine, study the drawings of standardized parts. Only representatives of unskilled professions could remain uneducated, but they also tried to learn at least something if they understood that without this they would never receive any decent work.

In turn, mechanical printing machines could produce many cheap newspapers and inexpensive books. The telegraph instantly delivered information about events in remote countries. A small price for printed products made it accessible to the poor, and their horizons expanded.

Also, the industrial revolution has forever put an end to the monopoly of the church in the affairs of spiritual life and education. Future engineers needed to be taught mathematics, physics and chemistry. The restriction of church intervention in secular life can not be considered positive – it was a great step towards true free-thinking.

Finally, mechanization simply eased the labor of the workers. Machines were used on the most labor-intensive production processes.

Cons of the industrial revolution

But here’s the paradox: at the dawn of the industrial revolution, Europe was swept by the Luddite mass labor movement (after the half-legendary founder, the English weaver Ned Ludd). Luddites demanded the destruction of machines and a return to heavy manual labor! They were enemies themselves, or what? Of course not. Enemies were the entrepreneurs who conducted the mechanization of production. Because it was not done to improve the life of mankind. There was only one goal there. It is the banal greed of entrepreneurs, their complete indifference to the destinies of others, created the “shadow” side of the industrial revolution. And terrible things appearing there:

Significant increase in unemployment, lower wages.
Increase the working day (sometimes up to 16 hours!).
The use of female and child labor (as early as the beginning of the twentieth century no one in the United States could be surprised by the 6-year-old workers).
Complete ignoring of labor safety standards (with the usual lack of compensation for the injured).
The aggravation of social conflict (the defeat of the Paris Commune of 1871 deprived the capital of France of 100,000 inhabitants, the civil war in Russia was even more expensive).
Emergence of crises of overproduction, among which – the famous “great depression” (the goods were not sold out, because those who needed them did not have money to buy).

Greed also explains another dangerous consequence of the industrial revolution – environmental problems. No one thought about limiting the extraction of raw materials or cleaning emissions – this does not bring profit. The consequences of the non-standardized extraction of raw materials and uncontrolled emissions into the atmosphere are “hoarded” by mankind to this day.

But practice has shown that these negative manifestations sharply decreased when the state realized its responsibility for the destinies of all its citizens, and not just the business elite. At the moment, it is rational state power that saves us from the dark sides of mechanization (and now automation) by:

Creation and maintenance of a system of social guarantees (minimum wages, pensions, assistance in case of disability).
Formation of environmental legislation and control over its implementation.
Restrictions on superprofits (for example, introducing a progressive tax).

Similar methods are applied in all countries and give results. Of course, for this, the government must be effective. But this in the current reality largely depends on ordinary citizens.

Conclusion of industrial revolution essay

The industrial revolution, introducing machines into the production process and concentrating it in factories and urban areas, has gradually brought to naught two types of rural production. First, it destroyed the production of tissue at home by women and children in rural-economic areas, and secondly, such handicrafts for men as watchmaking, weaving baskets, the production of carts and carriages, milling, brewing, dressing of shoes, etc., have disappeared. Because of this, the village remained only an agricultural link in production, as a result, villagers lost their independence.

The largest landowners and large farmers used actively fencing policies for intensive land use, but this invariably hit the most vulnerable segments of the population, who had to withdraw from the land and join the growing class of the workers.

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Industrial Revolution Essay

500+ words industrial revolution essay it’s history, the impact and pros and cons of industrial revolution.

The Industrial revolution was a period of major changes, which transformed the largely handicraft and agriculture based economy to machine manufacturing. European and American society was completely dependent on agriculture, hand production methods, which meant lower production. But in the latter half of the 18th century, the introduction of mass producing machines and industrialization changed this. This modern method of production led to mass production, which brought about major changes in the economy.

The industrial revolution brought about several social changes too. It led to new job opportunities, lowered prices, better quality of life and communication. But it wasn’t all good, the industrial revolution had its disadvantages too. While it did improve the quality of life with a better economy, it also led to harsh working conditions. Industrialization also led to pollution, lower pay and in some cases, unemployment too.

Learn more about the history, the impact and the pros and cons of the industrial revolution in this industrial revolution essay.

Industrial Revolution Essay: History Of Industrial Revolution

Before the industrial revolution, the economy was completely dependent on agriculture and handmade products. This meant fewer products were produced and the cost of production and the goods were higher too. But all this changed with the introduction of machines and factories in the late 1700s and mid 1800s. The industrial revolution transformed the largely rural and agriculture based society into urban, machine-powered factories. It began in Britain and soon spread to America, Japan and other European countries.

The industrial revolution brought about several economic and social changes across the world. Learn more about how the industrial revolution impacted society and its advantages and disadvantages.

Also explore: Read more essays on related topics like technology essay and pollution essay .

Industrial Revolution Essay: The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution led to several important developments. First, the textile industry was changed. Machines were invented to make the cleaning, gathering, spinning and weaving processes easy. With modern methods of production, large amounts of cloth could be produced at once. The invention of the steam engine further improved the production. Gradually, industrialization spread to all kinds of industries like farming, transportation, communication, banking etc.

The Advantages Of The Industrial Revolution

Ease Of Production: Industrialization made way for cheaper and more efficient production. Additionally, it made production quicker and easier.
Innovation and development: The industrial revolution made way for innovation and development in several fields like communication, transportation, farming etc.
Better job opportunities: The advent of machines and factories made way for jobs with specialized skills, which created new job opportunities. With better economic opportunities, the quality of life also improved.
Improved healthcare: The industrial revolution also helped make several advancements in the field of healthcare. Medical equipment and medicines could be manufactured easily and innovated, which resulted in better healthcare.

But while it had several advantages, the industrial revolution had several disadvantages too. Learn more about the cons in this industrial revolution essay.

The Disadvantages Of The Industrial Revolution

Unemployment: With the advent of machines, several particular jobs became obsolete. People and families that performed these jobs were left without jobs or income. This led to unemployment and poverty.
Overcrowding of cities: With more and more people from rural areas moving to the cities hoping for better wages, cities became overcrowded. The sudden influx of migrants in poorly planned cities and towns led to unsanitary living conditions and spread diseases.
Harsh working conditions: With factories churning out products in mass quantities, factory owners prized profit over everything else. The workers were underpaid and forced to overwork with no concern for their safety. The dirt, the soot, smoke and chemicals expelled from the factories made working conditions in the factories unsanitary and hazardous to the workers’ health too. This resulted in accidents, the workers getting injured and even death in certain cases.
Pollution: One of the greatest ills that the industrial revolution brought about is the pollution and environmental ills that it caused. The factories also used natural resources endlessly, which led to global warming and other ecological problems.
Economic gap: The factory and industry owners looked at their gain above all else. So, the workers were exploited and forced to overwork in unsanitary conditions for low wages. As a result, the factory owners got richer, while the workers stayed poor. This unequal distribution of wealth created an economic gap.

The industrial revolution has its advantages and disadvantages, but our society wouldn’t be the same without it. Nonetheless, we can continue to enjoy the benefits by focusing on innovation without compromising on safety and equality.

We hope you found this industrial revolution essay helpful. Osmo has several essays on a wide variety of topics. For more information, check essays for kids .

Frequently Asked Questions On Industrial Revolution

What is the industrial revolution.

Industrial revolution was a period during which the largely rural, agricultural and hand produced economy shifted to modern, machine based manufacturing.

What are some advantages of the industrial revolution?

Industrialization and urbanization made way for mass production, innovation and development, better job opportunities and improved quality of life, cheaper products etc.

What are some cons of the industrial revolution?

Industrialization led to unemployment, depletion of natural resources, pollution, harsh working conditions, overpopulation and unequal distribution of wealth.

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Industrial Revolution: Essay & Important Notes

Britain-a center of industrial revolution.

The early industries in Britain were small-scale and unsophisticated. In fact, the textile industry, the most prominent industry in Britain was a “cottage industry.” In the early 1700s, industrial development was very slow because of limited sources of power. Old technologies of power like waterwheels, windmills, and horsepower were the only sources available.

With a large number of spinners, dyers, and weavers in England, the country became the center of the industrial revolution.

Innovations in the 18 th and 19 th Centuries

In the mid-eighteenth century, several innovations were made that brought about major changes in the manner in which the industries in England operated. Changes in steam technology and the invention of the steam engine changed how the industry was powered.

The introduction of the steam engine allowed steam power to be used across different industries in Britain including paper, flour, cotton mills, ironworks, distilleries, and waterworks. The use of steam engines improved the quality of metals and also enabled the industries to get the most essential raw material coal quickly and efficiently.

The next big innovation was the power loom that changed the face of the textile industry. The use of power loom enabled the production of cheap and light cloth in a large quantity. Additionally, the availability of constant power allowed the industry to work for longer hours stably to enhance productivity.

Despite the technological advancement, the factories remained places where accidents frequently took place. The factories also employed children and the workers were required to abide by strict disciplinary practices.

Another major improvement was in the transport system used in Britain. With the help of steam engines and new techniques for road-building, the road and rail networks during the industrial revolution underwent major changes. The improvement in the transport system reduced the traveling time. Communication was also improved with the invention of railroad signaling as well as the telegraphy system.

Impacts of Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution brought about major changes in the economic and social aspects. Some of the major impacts were:

The adoption of the factory system wherein manufacturing was concentrated in large and centralized establishments.
The use of water and steam power improved the power supply to the industries and mechanized the processes of cloth weaving.
The wealth was widely distributed and this increased international trade.
Cities grew larger, but these were usually dirty.
Managerial hierarchies were developed to oversee the work in factories and the concept of division of labor was introduced.
The population in urban areas increased as more and more people moved to cities to earn a living.
With increased production, the products became cheaper to buy and the factory owners became the rich strata of society.
The establishment of laws to protect factory workers.
Increased pollution and urban crowding.

Pollution in Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution in many ways helped to shape the society that it is today and led to developments and innovations that are still used in the different nations of the world.

Important Notes

The industrial revolution was an era in the 18 th and 19 th centuries that brought about a change in which the industries operated.
The revolution began in Europe and later shifted to the United States.
The inventions like steam power and steam engine improved the production capacity of the industries.
Transport and communication systems improved during the industrial revolution.
The industrial revolution improved the financial and social conditions of people.

Increased pollution and population were major cons of the industrial revolution.

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The Industrial Revolution, Essay Example

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The European Industrial Revolution and its Influence in the World

Industrial revolution was a period between the year 1750 and 1850. The period showed changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology. This transformation and changes influenced the society’s social, economic, and cultural conditions. The revolution started in the United Kingdom, and it spread throughout Western Europe. The revolution continued to Western Europe, then North America and to Japan. This revolution in the end spread to the whole world (Berlanstein, 2003).

The industrial revolution marks changes in history and changes in the day to day life among people. During this period of the industrial revolution, the incomes earned by people increased and the population increased. The population of people during this time increased six times, and the incomes increased ten times during this period of the industrial revolution on Europe (Hodgson & Burke, 1993).

In Great Britain where the industrial revolution started, the country made laws and introduced new cultures that enabled the businesspersons to be the leaders in the industrial revolution. In the end of the eighteen century, there were transformations in parts of Great Britain from the use of manual labor to the use of machines in the production of goods. This started with the use of machines in the textile industry. The industrial revolution, whose origin was in Great Britain introduced iron making techniques and it also, increased use of refined and more developed coal (Hodgson & Burke, 1993).

During the European industrial revolution, trade increased between nations. This then led to the transformation of the canals, new and improved roads, and railways. The economy transformed from that that depended on agriculture to one that depended on machines in the manufacture of goods and services. During the industrial revolution, there were several cases or rural to urban migration. This led to the increase in the number of people in the towns and cities.

During the industrial revolution, the introduction of steam power used in the textile and clothes industry led to increase in production of goods. The use of the machines expanded from Europe to the other countries and thus transformed the countries during the nineteenth century. This changed the society positively (Berlanstein, 2003).

The first industrial revolution that started in the eighteen century eventually connected to the second industrial revolution in the year 1850. This period came along with the technological progress. At this time, the ships and railways used steam power. The European revolution influenced the society due to technological change in the year 1830s.

During the industrial revolution, the transformations that had occurred were as a result of the innovations that occurred in the second half of the eighteen century. In the textile industry, changes occurred in cotton spinning. The innovations by Richard Arkwright of the water frame, the Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves and Spinning Mule of Samuel Crompton transformed the textile industry throughout Europe. This influenced the production of cotton and the innovations helped in spinning yarn and flax for linen. This started in Derby.

The stem power also transformed Europe during the industrial revolution. James Watt came up with the steam engine, which pumped water out of mines, and it was also useful in powering other machines. The steam engine enabled the transformation of the factories, and they became more efficient. During this time, steam helped to generate power. The reliance on people to provide power reduced at this time. The steam engine was also vital in providing power for several years and transformed the industries. During the revolution, iron was smelted using coke instead of coal. This transformed the iron industry. The steam engine, fired by coal, replaced the water wheel for driving factory machinery.

The European Industrial Revolution transformed because of the machine tools that were developed. These machines were developed by various craftsmen. Metals, particularly steel and iron, replaced wood in the construction of harbors, bridges, machinery and railway tracks. Coal that was mined helped to heat and warm houses and industries. The railway locomotives and steam ships used coal. Businesses grew with others being family partnerships that gave way to joint stock companies and eventually to independent businesses.

With industrialization, capital became a requirement. Individual savings could not sustain businesses thus landowners invest their surplus rent incomes in the industrial sector. During the industrial revolution, credit banks were established, and they attracted savings from small investors thus enabling the establishment of many industrial enterprises. During this revolution, workers specialized in the production of various goods. They assumed different roles such as manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer. Specialists performed the roles of bankers.

This influenced the world and Europe both economically and socially. The social structure changed during the European industrial revolution. The middle class of industrialists and businesspersons triumphed over the class of the nobility and gentry. The period of the industrial revolution led to job creation among people. There were harsh working conditions for the workers during this period. Child labor, long working hours, and dirty living conditions became prevalent in this period.

The European industrial revolution occurred due to the need by nations to become strong in the production of goods for their countries. This was also increased by the availability of raw materials from Africa. The colonization of Africa was a result of the search for markets of finished goods. Africa also acted as a source of inputs for the industrialization process.

Berlanstein, L. R. (2003). The Industrial Revolution and Work in Nineteenth Century Europe. New York: Routledge.

Hodgson, G. S. & Burke, E. (1993). Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Industrial Revolution in the United States Essay

Introduction, the industrial revolution in america, impacts of the industrial revolution in america, americans reaction towards the industrial revolution, works cited.

The industrial revolution refers to the time period in which changes in production processes had extreme impacts on man’s social, economic, and cultural status. The changes were realized in sectors such as agricultural, manufacturing, and transport, among other sectors. This paper seeks to discuss the subject of the industrial revolution in the United States. The paper will look into the development of the industrial revolution in the United States, the changes that were caused by the revolution, and the reactions that Americans had towards the industrial revolution.

The industrial revolution was a period of transformation from reliance on human beings in production processes to great dependence on machines to produce commodities. The revolution is believed to have originated from Great Britain before spreading through Europe and then to other parts of the world. The British industrial revolution was also directly and almost instantly spread to British colonies, which were at the time run as its territories. The revolution’s transformation of economic operations from human labor to employment of machines was characterized by transformation in economies in which traditional agricultural practices were, for example, replaced by industrial processes.

Machines that were invented played an important role in removing people from their jobs and replacing them with machines that did the jobs in a better way and also produced products of better utility to people. The developments due to the revolution were also characterized by the invention of better transportation means that were more affordable and accessible. People were basically contained around their homesteads with major duties being either farming or performing duties in homesteads before the revolution, which later changed events in the then American societies as professions changed from the earlier farming into industrial jobs. Vast resources that were available in the United States contributed to the quick industrialization that was realized in the country (Brezina 4).

One of the immediate impacts of the industrial revolution was the transformation of the American economy from being agriculturally based on being an industrial economy. Consumptions were previously direct agricultural products. The introduction of machines into the economy, however, transformed the system into industrial production focused. Agricultural products were transformed into forms of more refined products, and other industrial production processes were established.

The industrial revolution also had the impact of job losses among the American people in the agricultural farms in which they were employed as manual laborers. The introduction of machines in the agricultural sector, which were more efficient as compared to human labor, led to the displacement of people from their jobs in the agricultural sector as their positions were then taken by machines. The revolution can, therefore, be said to have caused unemployment among the American people, at least at the time it was being launched in the country (Brezina 8).

Loss in artistic skills was also experienced following the emergence of industrialization in the United States. The wave of people that moved people from their rural farms in order to take up jobs in industries affected artisans who followed the mass, abandoned their tools, and moved to take industrial jobs factories. Their positions were then taken by unskilled people who had just moved to the profession to fill the gap that was left by the artist who had left for the industrial jobs. The industrial revolution also changed the social structure that was previously dominant in America. Parents moved to take jobs in industries, thereby reducing the socially family-based environment that had existed before the revolution (Brezina 51).

The revolution that invaded American society led to a number of transformations in the nature of the American people in their society. A number of reactions to the changes caused by the industrial revolution were evident in terms of behavior and social set up. In reaction to the industrial revolution, significant changes were realized in the nineteenth century regarding the structure and nature of American society. Henry Bellows, for example, outlined some characteristic features that were realized in America towards the middle of the nineteenth century. The economic changes that were realized following the wave of the industrial revolution forced Americans to work harder and for longer hours in order to sustain their family needs.

Bellow expressed the concern that following the revolution, “lawyer must confine himself to his office” (Bellows 95) and “the physician must labor day and night” (Bellows 95) in his duty. Americans generally reacted to changed conditions by increasing their efforts at work. Another form of reaction to the wave of revolution was the attitude of ambitious gains that people developed. This could be attributed to the lower wages that resulted from industrialization. Another evident reaction, as represented by Bellow, was the affinity or desire that people developed for money. He described the then society as “doomed tradesmen” who could “mistake money for the kingdom of heaven” (Bellows 96). These, among others, were reactions towards industrialization.

The industrial revolution that was experienced in the United States of America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries had great effects on the American people and, as a result, led to a number of reactions by Americans to the impacts of the revolution.

Bellows, Henry. The Influence of the Trading Spirit upon the Social and Moral Life of America . New York: Wiley and Putnam, 2009. Print.

Brezina, Corona. The Industrial Revolution in America: A Primary Source History of America’s Transformation into an Industrial Society . New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2005. Print.

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