creative writing bibliography

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CREATIVE WRITING: How to Cite Your Sources

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This page will help you...

• Understand why you need to cite your sources
• Find online and physical library citation style guides
• Access a free, open source citation management tool

Citing Sources

• It's Required. But Why?

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What Citations Reveal & How They Impact Us

"When you cite a source, you show how your voice enters into an intellectual conversation and you demonstrate your link to the community within which you work. Working with sources can inspire your own ideas and enrich them, and your citation of these sources is the visible trace of that debt." ( Yale College Writing Center )

When you cite a source you also reveal whose voices and thoughts are included in these intellectual conversations. Thus, who you read and what you cite can help strengthen diversity and equity in scholarship.

We are a collective of Black women of first-generation, queer, working class and poor, immigrant, and disabled experience and we formed out of the necessity to cite, (re)claim, and honor Black women's work. #CiteBlackWomen — Cite Black Women. (@citeblackwomen) September 9, 2020

To Connect  Ideas   |   To Acknowledge  a Community of Contributors   |   To Read & Cite Inclusively

Featured style guide

Additional online citation guides.

When citing scores, images, recordings and other less-traditional sources, start with the style recommended by your professor. Determine what rules pertain to your situation and adapt them as necessary. If the information provider has specified how they want their source cited, try to follow those instructions. These online guides to citing specific information formats may help:

• Citing American FactFinder Tables and Maps
• Citing Audio from the University of Cincinnati
• Citing Data and Statistics from Michigan State

Recommended citation helper

Zotero is a free, open source citation management program maintained by the nonprofit Corporation for Digital Scholarship .

Designed for students and scholars, Zotero makes collecting, managing and citing sources easier.

The software consists of three parts:

• A browser plugin that you click to collect citations from a library catalog, database or website
• A database to store and manage your citations
• Icons in your word processor that you click to insert a citation or works cited list.

Like any citation management program, Zotero is not perfect. It knows enough about citation styles to give you a good first draft of your citatoin sand works cited list. However, it relies on information found in databases and websites which are not always accurate.

I recommend that you double-check citations and works cited lists created with Zotero against the official style guide. Make sure you know the type of source you are trying to cite and check the capitalization and punctuation carefully.

Armacost Library has created this guide to help you learn to use Zotero:

• Zotero: A Guide on Getting Started by Emily Croft Last Updated Sep 18, 2020 50 views this year
• Citing sources lets you indicate whose ideas your own work draws upon, and give those individuals credit for their contributions.
• The MLA style guide is only available in the physical library. If you're not able to access it, try an online guide to MLA style.
• Zotero is a free, open source tool you can use to manage your citations.

See the "Using information ethically" chapter in the Introduction to Library Research in the Arts to learn more about ethical research practices, including inclusive citing practices and bibliodiversity.

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Creative Writing

Getting started.

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This guide is designed to aid writers and artists embarking on creative writing projects. If you are a UT creative writing student and need further help with research for your creative project, please contact Gina Bastone, Humanities Librarian for English Literature. See her contact info on the right. 

Find Background Information

Wikipedia can be a great place to get some context on a topic, but the UT Libraries subscribe to reference databases that give you context, historical background, and bibliography lists for further reading. Unlike Wikipedia, these sources are written by scholars and experts. 

For more information on ebooks see the Ebook Guide

Find Books

The UT Libraries hold more than 9 million physical volumes, as well as many ebooks! Searching for books in the Libraries' catalog can be an excellent way to get introduced to a topic, as well as help you go deeper. We recommend that writers start their research for creative projects with a library catalog search!

• UT Libraries Catalog

Find Short Stories

Looking for short stories in a specific genre or about a certain subject? Use the Short Story Index! This tool is helpful for fiction writers who want examples of short stories. You can search by author and publication, too.

Note: Keep in mind that this is an index only––you won't find PDFs of the short stories. You'll need to follow up with a search in the library catalog to access the stories, and use the Ask A Librarian chat service if you have questions. 

Find Writing Residencies & Funding

Find literary awards and prizes, writer-in-residency programs, and other funding opportunities! Use Pivot, UT's subscription database for grants and funding opportunities. Pivot is a quirky tool, so if you need help, contact Gina Bastone. 

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• Last Updated: Aug 28, 2023 2:33 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/creativewrtg

Creative Writing

Introduction, reference sources, databases and journals, referencing and citing.

This subject guide highlights some key discipline resources to get you started with study and research. 

• Refer to the  New Students Library Guide for everything you need to know about Library services and resources.
• Build your researching, reading and writing skills with the Research Essentials Library Guide .
• Streamline your access to online resources with the Library's quick access tools.

Dictionaries and encyclopedias

If you are having trouble getting started, sometimes a reference work can help you.  By looking up a person or concept, you may learn more on your topic.  This can help you to think of more keywords or synonyms for your catalogue or database search.

• Oxford Reference Oxford Reference is the home of Oxford’s quality reference publishing. The collection provides quality, up-to-date reference content at the click of a button. The University of Melbourne subscribes to selected titles from this large collection of materials.
• Oxford English Dictionary The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is widely regarded as the accepted authority on the English language. It is an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, history, and pronunciation of 600,000 words— past and present—from across the English-speaking world.

Directories

Use databases to search across many academic resources (including peer-reviewed journals) at the same time. 

Refer to the A-Z Ejournals and Databases page for a comprehensive list of available resources. 

Core Arts and Humanities databases:

The selection of multidisciplinary databases below will retrieve results from different subject areas. 

• Discovery (EBSCO) Use Discovery to look for books, ebooks, journal articles and more. It's a great place to start your search but does not give you everything the Library has. We highly recommend searching in at least one other database on this list as well as Discovery.
• Google Scholar Google Scholar is one of the most popular ways to find academic sources for study and research. Did you know you can use it to search for journal articles that the University of Melbourne has access to? You can do this through the link above or set up your Google Scholar preferences to include Library content.
• JSTOR JSTOR is one of the largest databases the Library has access to. It is a multidisciplinary database so it looks in thousands of journals in over a hundred subjects - many of them related to arts and humanities. Highly recommended as your first or second place to search.
• Scopus (Elsevier) Scopus is another large, multidisciplinary database. It looks through journals, books, and conference papers. It has some advanced tools that can help you discover new research quickly - the 'times cited' and 'related articles' links are great time-savers. While it doesn't always have full-text PDFs it is still an excellent place to look for your research.
• Web of Science Web of Science is a massive, multidisciplinary database which includes a large amount of humanities and social sciences material from as far back as 1900. Like Scopus it has some advanced features that allows you to quickly link to related research.
• ProQuest Central Covering more than 160 subjects areas, ProQuest Central is the largest aggregated database of periodical content. This award-winning online reference resource features a highly-respected, diversified mix of content including scholarly journals, trade publications, magazines, books, newspapers, reports and videos.

Databases relevant to Creative Writing

For more focused results, try searching in one of these subject-specific databases..

• MLA International Bibliography (EBSCOhost) Produced by the Modern Language Association the International Bibliography is the definitive index for the study of language, literature, linguistics, rhetoric and composition, folklore and film, covering scholarly publications from the early 20th century to the present. It includes citations to content published in journals, books, series, translations, scholarly editions, websites and dissertations. The database also includes the Directory of Periodicals and the Thesaurus.
• Literature Online (LION) (ProQuest) Leading online resource for the study and teaching of literature in English. The collection contains more than 350,000 works of poetry, drama and prose, over 350 full-text literature journals, and key bibliographies, biographies, reference works and student guides. Also contains the bibliographic database ABELL, with records covering monographs, periodical articles, critical editions of literary works, book reviews, collections of essays and doctoral dissertations published anywhere in the world.
• Communication & Mass Media Complete (EBSCO) Incorporates the content of CommSearch and Mass Media Articles Index along with numerous other journals in communication, mass media, and other closely-related fields of study to create a research and reference resource of unprecedented scope and depth encompassing the breadth of the communication discipline. Offers cover-to-cover indexing and abstracts for more than 570 journals, and selected coverage of nearly 200 more, as well as full text for over 450 journals.
• Project Muse Journal Collection Project MUSE offers full-text current and archival articles from 500+ scholarly journals from major university presses covering literature and criticism, history, performing arts, cultural studies, education, philosophy, political science, gender studies, and more. Updated continually.

Select list of Australian journals for Creative Writing

• Overland Overland – Australia’s only radical literary magazine – has been showcasing brilliant and progressive fiction, poetry, nonfiction and art since 1954. The magazine has published some of Australia’s most iconic voices, and continues to give space to underrepresented voices and brand-new literary talent every single day. Also available in print from 1954.
• Southerly : the magazine of the Australian English Association
• Going down swinging
• Cordite Poetry Review
• Text Journal
• Kill your darlings: new fiction, essays, commentary and reviews

You can access print and eBooks via the  Library Catalogue . To find books on a particular subject, try a keyword search:

To improve your searching skills, see the Research Essentials Library Guide . Note that you can search the catalogue in non-Latin scripts (including Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese and Korean). 

For information on access and loans, including material from other libraries, see the borrowing from the library page. The eBook Guide provides information on eBook access.

You can find relevant information and resources for your research on the websites of professional organisations and bodies, institutes, NGOs, government departments, etc.

This guide gives a few suggestions to get you started and to give you an idea what to look for. It is by no means comprehensive.  If you are a coursework student, check your LMS to see if your lecturer has provided website recommendations.

Tip : if you want to limit your Google search results to organisational, governmental, or educational websites, use Google's advanced search option to limit the site or domains to . org, .gov, .edu . 

Selected websites

• Australian Poetry A not-for-profit association established to promote reading, writing and publishing activities associated with Australian poetry in all of its forms.
• Australian Society of Authors The professional association for Australia's literary creators. Includes useful information on recommended rates of pay, Copyright Agency Limited, Public Lending Rights, and resources for authors. Authorlink for editors, agents, writers and readers This site provides resources to help writers become published and to make the job of finding good writers easier for editors and agents.
• NewPages.com
• Wheeler Centre for Books, Writing and Ideas The centrepiece of Melbourne's City of Literature.
• Writers Victoria Includes what's on in Victoria, and links to resources, organisations, funding bodies, online magazines and the publishing industry.

Copyright websites

• Australian Copyright Council An independent non-profit organisation which aims to assist creators and other copyright holders with their rights. A wide range of information sheets on various aspects of copyright is available from the website.
• University of Melbourne Copyright Office

Visit the Re:cite guide to referencing

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• Last Updated: Mar 26, 2024 4:51 PM
• URL: https://unimelb.libguides.com/creative-writing

Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Laboratory, 1915. Copyright, Wikimedia Commons.

Gabriel Flynn is a writer and co-editor of creativecritical.net

Creative Writing as Research: A Bibliography

The emergence of PhD programs in creative writing poses questions about the nature of writing, research, and knowledge, some of which have complex histories that long predate the disciplines of creative writing and English Literature. This bibliography does not attempt to address these questions exhaustively. It is aimed primarily at those who are interested in pursuing a PhD in creative writing and wishing to gain some knowledge of how such a possibility came about and find answers to some of the questions it raises. The bibliography is arranged according to a series of questions. ‘What is practice-based research?’, ‘What is creative writing?’, And ‘Can art give us knowledge?’ Under each heading, you fill find a selection of books and articles that offer accessible entry points into these. A final section lists some contemporary examples that offer different models of writing as research.

Part One: What is ‘Practice-Based Research’?

• Lisa Candy, Practice Based Research: A Guide

https://www.creativityandcognition.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/PBR-Guide-1.1-2006.pdf

Practice-based PhDs originate in Australia, where the first doctoral programmes in creative writing began in 1984. In this guide, published by one of those founding institutions, the University of Technology in Sydney, Lisa Candy outlines the history of practice-based research in the modern university and addresses in practical terms the question of how a work of creative writing might constitute a contribution to knowledge.

•   Jon Cook, ‘Creative Writing as Research Method’ in Research Methods for English Studies (Edinburgh University Press, 2013)

In this chapter of Research Methods for English Studies, edited by Gabriele Griffin, Jon Cook addresses some of the tensions and paradoxes raised by the notion of a PhD in creative writing: how is that writing can be a method rather than simply a way of presenting results? Can writers be expected or relied upon to account for the unconscious processes that often generate their work? Cook addresses these and other questions via a discussion of such writers as Wordsworth and Keats, Denise Riley, T.S. Eliot, and Heidegger.

• Robin Nelson, Practice as Research  in the Arts: Principles, Protocols, Pedagogies, Resistances (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013)

Nelson’s work is an influential text in the development of practice-based research. The chapter ‘From Practitioner to Practitioner-Researcher’ (pp.23-47) is particularly recommended. It emphasises how critical reflection on the process is an essential component of the research inquiry.

• Jen Webb, ‘Writing as Research’ in Researching Creative Writing (Frontinus, 2015)

Jenn Webb is one of the foremost thinkers on the relationship between creative practice and research. In this chapter from her 2015 book, Researching creative writing she draws on her work as both academic researcher and creative practitioner to address the question of how creative writing can constitute research in broad and accessible terms. She questions the relationship between creativity and method. In particular, she asks how the technical and aesthetic aspects of creative writing can be harnessed to the pursuit of a research question.

• Graeme Harper, ‘Creative writing: words as practice-led research’ in Journal of Visual Art Practice (Volume 7, 2008 – issue 2)

Graeme Harper may hold the title of the first person in the world to obtain a doctorate in creative writing. Alongside his practice as a novelist, he has written extensively on the discipline of creative writing and many related topics. In this essay, he outlines his perspective on the matter of ‘Practice-led Research’.

• Jonathan Crewe, ‘Creative Writing as a Research Methodology’

https://uwlpress.uwl.ac.uk/newvistas/article/id/150/

In a 2021 article on ‘Creative Writing as a Research Methodology’ Jonathan Crewe situates the question within a UK context. He discusses two recent, popular novels, Monica Ali’s Brick Lane and Caryl Phillips’ A Distant Shore to think through the ways that fiction can meet the assessment criteria of the Research Excellence Framework.

• Multiple authors, ‘Beyond Practice-led Research’

http://www.textjournal.com.au/speciss/issue14/content.htm

In 2012, the Australian journal TEXT, published a special issue on practice-led research. The editors contended that discourse surrounding the topic had become repetitive and an orthodoxy of sorts had taken hold. Contributors were invited to move the discussion forward. In his introduction, Scott Brook helpfully outlines various strains of criticism directed at practice-based programs on aesthetic, academic, bureaucratic, and educational grounds.

• For background reading, the following provide interesting theoretical framings of practice-based research in other arts: Peter Dallow, ‘Representing creativeness: practice-based approaches to research in creative arts’ in Art, Design, Communication in Higher Education , 2 (1 &2), 49-66 and Anna Pakes, ‘Original Embodied Knowledge; the epistemology of the new in dance practice as research’ in Research in Dance Education , 4.2 (December, 2003), 127-49).
• The Practice Research Advisory Group (UK) or PRAG-UK is a body established by members of the higher education arts research community to ‘increase the visibility and accessibility of UK Practice Research and its impact, and to make this research more searchable internationally’. Prag’s website has a blog with many more examples of practice-based research: praguk.wordpress.com

Part Two: What is Creative Writing?

• Mark McGurl, The Program Era: Postwar Fiction and the Rise of Creative Writing (Stanford University Press, 2009)

McGurl’s history of creative writing in the American university is probably the touchstone work in the study of creative writing as a discipline. McGurl reinterprets American fiction after 1945, asking ‘how the patronage of the university has reorganized American literature and how the increasing intimacy of writing and schooling can be brought to bear on a reading of this literature.’ Although the study is largely confined to American fiction and MFA programs and therefore does not touch upon poetry and playwriting nor on creative writing PhD programs, the book contains many insights into the relationship between the university and creative writing more generally. 

• D. G. Myers, The Elephants Teach: Creative Writing Since 1880 , (University of Chicago Press, 2006)

The title of Myers’ book is an allusion to the linguist Roman Jakobson’s quip on learning that Vladimir Nabokov was to be offered a position teaching literature at Harvard University. ‘What’s next?’ he asked. ‘Shall we appoint elephants to teach zoology?’ Whereas McGurl’s book largely focusses on fiction, Myers’ study encompasses essayists such as Emerson and a number of American poets. He also looks further back to the creative writing’s predecessor disciplines like philology and English composition.

• Lise Jaillant , Literary Rebels: A History of Creative Writers in Anglo-American Universities (Oxford University Press, 2022)

Most recently, Jaillant’s book represents the first history of creative writing programs in both Britain and America from 1930 to the present day.

• Paul Dawson, Creative Writing and the New Humanities (Routledge, 2005)

Dawson’s book asks what the emergent discipline of creative writing tells us about English and the humanities more broadly. He situates the rise of creative writing alongside the ‘New Criticism’ practiced in universities during the mid-century and explores its development in relation to the rise of ‘Theory’ in the Anglophone world.

• Andrew Cowan, Against Creative Writing (Routledge, 2022)

Cowan’s book makes the distinction between writing, ‘what writers do’, and creative writing, ‘the instrumentalisation of what writers do.’ It explores the different roles of creative writing at undergraduate, masters, and doctoral level and argues against the disciplines coercion toward providing skills for employment in the creative industries.

Part Three: Can Art give us Knowledge?

• Berys Gaut, ‘Does Art Give Us Knowledge’ in The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics (eds Berys Gaut and Dominic McIver Lopes, Routledge, 2013)

This far-reaching question has been explored by innumerable thinkers over the years and Gaut’s essay provides an accessible entry point. She starts with the disagreement between the Platonic and Aristotelian perspectives on the ‘epistemic question’ and then offers a survey of cognitivists (those who believe art gives us philosophical knowledge) and anti-cognitivists (those who don’t).

• Eileen John, ‘Art and Knowledge’ in The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics (ed. Jerrold Levinson, Oxford University Press, 2003)

John’s essay is another accessible way into this question and brings a more contem porary perspective. 

• John Gibson, ‘Literature and Knowledge’ in the Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Literature (ed. Richard Eldridge, Oxford University Press, 2009)

Gibson’s entry in this Oxford Handbook offers a broad overview of the art-knowledge question as it applies specifically to literature.

• Robin Valenza, ‘How Literature Becomes Knowledge: A Case Study’ in English Literary History Vol. 76, No. 1 (Spring, 2009)

Valenza’s essay explores the question of whether literature and literary criticism are special kinds of knowledge with particular reference to the literature of the mid eighteenth century, ‘a crucial moment in the transformation of “literature” into an object of knowledge.’

• Stathis Gourgouris, Does Literature Think? Literature as Theory for an Antimythical Era (Stanford University Press, 2003)

Gorgouris’ book offers a more detailed and wider-reaching study of the question. Drawing on a range of sources from Ancient Greek drama to contemporary novels, it asks ‘not simply whether literature thinks, but whether literature thinks theoretically – whether it has a capacity, without the external aid of analytical methods that have determined Western philosophy and science since the Enlightenment, to theorize the conditions of the world from which it emerges and to which it addresses itself.’

4. Writing as Research: Some Contemporary Examples

• Saidiya Hartman, ‘Venus in Two Acts’  in Small Axe, Number 26 (Volume 12, Number 2), June 2008

This essay on Venus, ‘an emblematic figure of the enslaved woman in the Atlantic world’, was published in the journal Small Axe in 2008 and may have proven to be one of the most influential examples of a scholar drawing on the methodologies of creative writing. Of her process, Hartman writes ‘By advancing a series of speculative arguments and exploiting the capacities of the subjunctive (a grammatical mood that expresses doubts, wishes, and possibilities), in fashioning a narrative, which is based upon archival research, and by that I mean a critical reading of the archive that mimes the figurative dimensions of history, I intended both to tell an impossible story and to amplify the impossibility of its telling.’

• Preti Taneja, We That Are Young (Galley Beggar Press, 2017)

Taneja’s novel is a retelling of Shakespeare’s King Lear set in modern day India, amid the anti-corruption riots of 2011 – 2012. Taneja wrote the novel as part of a PhD in critical and creative writing. It may be thought of as constituting (at least) two different kinds of research discussed above: research into Shakespeare and research into contemporary Indian society.

• John Schad, The Late Walter Benjamin (Bloomsbury, 2013)

Schad’s novel juxtaposes the life and death of Walter Benjamin and a working-class council estate on the edge of London in post-war Austerity England. The novel centres on a man who claims to be Walter Benjamin, and only ever uses words written by Benjamin, apparently oblivious that the real Benjamin committed suicide 20 years earlier whilst fleeing the Nazis.

• Mathelinda Nabugodi, Shelley with Benjamin: A Critical Mosaic (UCL Press, 2023)

‘In a series of playful close readings, Mathelinda Nabugodi unveils affinities between two writers whose works are simultaneously interventions in literary history and blueprints for an emancipated future. In addition to offering fresh interpretations of both major and minor writings, she elucidates the personal and ethical stakes of literary criticism. Throughout the book, marginal annotations and interlinear interruptions disrupt the faux-objective and colourblind stance of standard academic prose in an attempt to reckon with the barbarism of our past and its legacy in the present.’

• Ewan Fernie and Simon Palfrey, Macbeth, Macbeth (BC Editons, 2016)

A collaboration between two of the world’s most eminent Shakespeare scholars, Macbeth, Macbeth is a unique mix of creative writing and literary criticism that charts a new way of doing both. The book is published by Beyond Criticism Editions, an imprint of Boiler House Press dedicated to ‘new forms for new thinking about literature’.

• Redell Olsen, weather, whether radar: plume of the volants (ethical midge/electric crinolines, 2021)

This volume is the product of a collaboration with the BioDare group at Leeds University, Opera North and the Tetley. It uses text, visual images, and songs to explore the possibilities of a poetic, creative-critical and visual engagement with the BioDar research team’s rereading of weather-data collected by the UK’s weather radar network. This archive of data, collected to record weather, accidentally also mapped insect life. Olsen’s poetic practice explores how to engage with scientific data (and cross-disciplinary academic expertise drawn from the fields of biology, ecology, physics and atmospheric science) and how to frame related ecological, historical and cultural concerns.

ENGL 283: Creative Writing: Annotated Bibliography

• Information Literacy Lessons
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• Further Resources for Creative Writing
• Annotated Bibliography
• MLA Citation Style

Library Session Annotated Bibliography materials

These resources consist of an example of an annotation paragraph and a Source Evaluation Rubric useful when preparing your evaluation of your source document. Feel free to print or to download each document.

• Annotated Bibliography Example This document contains an example of an annotation for an article along with detailed explanations of the different components that make up a good annotation paragraph.
• Source Evaluation Rubric Use this rubric to quickly evaluate and assess the quality of your sources. Then express your evaluation for these different categories in your annotation. Keep in mind that you can cover only 3 or 4 of these categories in your paragraph.

Help in writing annotated bibliographies

• Purdue Online Writine Lab: Annotated Bibiligraphies This link will take you to the OWL 's resources on constructing annotated bibliographies.
• Writing Center-University of Wisconsin at Madison This link will take you to the University of Wisconsin at Madison's Writing Center which has resources on creating annotated bibliographies.
• Cornell University Library This link will take you to Librarian Michael Engle's page on creating an annoated bibliograhy (also available in Spanish).
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Get Started: Suggested Resources

You can find more resources in the tabs to the left, but below is a short list of some of the most frequently used resources for finding scholarly articles, full texts of literary works, books, and more.

• MLA International Bibliography Subjects within the MLA International Bibliography consist of literature, language and linguistics, creative writing, English, folklore, film, foreign languages and literatures, literary theory & criticism, theatre, dramatic arts, as well as the historical aspects of printing and publishing. Listings on rhetoric and composition and the history, theory and practice of teaching language and literature are also included.
• Oxford Journals Collections cover Life Sciences, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Medicine, Social Sciences, Humanities, Social Work, Sociology, English, Creative Writing, Criminology, and Law, and include some of the most authoritative journals in their fields.
• JSTOR Archive of selected scholarly journals in anthropology, art, art history, communication studies, criminology, ecology, economics, education, English, film studies, foreign languages and literatures, geography, geology, history, mathematics, music, philosophy, political science, public and international affairs, religion, social work, sociology, statistics, theatre, and other humanities and social sciences. Find more information .
• Project MUSE Project MUSE is a unique collaboration between libraries and publishers providing 100% full-text, to high quality humanities, arts, art history, creative writing, education, English, film studies, foreign languages and literatures, history, religion, theatre, and social sciences journals from scholarly publishers.

Use the search box below to look for books, videos, journals, and other items held in Randall Library's collections. Note that this search can't be used to find journal articles--for that you'll need to either use a database or go to the library's main search at https://library.uncw.edu/ .

• Chautauqua Literary Journal Publishes writing that speaks to Chautauqua's tradition of inquiry into questions of personal, social, political, spiritual, and aesthetic importance — and when, where, and how those values and questions intersect.
• Ecotone Writing and art magazine focused on place-based works. Founded at UNCW in 2005.
• Creative Nonfiction Organization providing publications and educational materials to improve nonfiction prose.
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× the libraries will be closed for martin luther king, jr holiday on monday, january 15. we will return on tuesday, january 16. enjoy the holiday, × spring break: monday, 03/13/2023 - sunday, 03/19/2023: library pickups are by appointment. need an appointment email us at sherrill library: [email protected] or moriarty library: [email protected], × alert mm/dd/yyyy: something is broken please contact us with questions., × alert 12/14/2023: ebsco allsearch is unavailable. we are working to fix this as quickly as we can. in the meanwhile, please try searching for articles from our proquest central database and for ebooks and books from our flo catalog . we're very sorry for the inconveniance. --> × welcome back our remote services guide has everything you need to know about library services we're offering this semester, including research help, study spaces, and more for other campus plans, see the lesley university covid-19 response. any other questions ask us, × welcome back our remote services guide has everything you need to know about library services we're offering this semester, including research help, study spaces, and more any other questions ask us, creative writing, searching for sources, specialized databases, images/streaming video.

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• DigitalCommons@Lesley This link opens in a new window DigitalCommons@Lesley preserves and promotes the scholarly and creative output of students, faculty, and staff. It includes faculty and student research, university communications and publications, and collections from the university archives.
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• MLA International Bibliography This link opens in a new window MLA International Bibliography offers a detailed bibliography of journal articles, books and dissertations. Subjects consist of literature, language and linguistics, folklore, literary theory & criticism, and dramatic arts, as well as the historical aspects of printing and publishing.
• TeachingBooks.net This link opens in a new window TeachingBooks.net is a database dedicated to children's books, young adult literature, and their authors. The database provides supplementary material for children's books including short movies, book discussion guides, audio book readings, and themed subject lists.
• Alexander Street Video This link opens in a new window Academic Video Online (AVON), also referred to as Alexander Street Video, is a multidisciplinary database offering access to tens of thousands of full-length streaming video titles including documentaries, interviews, performances, news programs and more. Videos are transcribed in addition to being indexed for subjects, people, places, release date, language, publisher, and video type.
• Artstor (legacy interface) This link opens in a new window Artstor Digital Library provides more than two million images with tools for teaching and research. Its collections comprise contributions from outstanding museums, photographers, libraries, scholars, photo archives, and artists and artists' estates from all over the world. The collections encompass a wide variety of subject areas, including art, architecture, music, religion, anthropology, literature, world history, American Studies, Asian Studies, Classical Studies, Medieval Studies, Renaissance Studies, and more.
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How To Write a Bibliography (Three Styles, Plus Examples)

Give credit where credit is due.

Writing a research paper involves a lot of work. Students need to consult a variety of sources to gather reliable information and ensure their points are well supported. Research papers include a bibliography, which can be a little tricky for students. Learn how to write a bibliography in multiple styles and find basic examples below.

IMPORTANT: Each style guide has its own very specific rules, and they often conflict with one another. Additionally, each type of reference material has many possible formats, depending on a variety of factors. The overviews shown here are meant to guide students in writing basic bibliographies, but this information is by no means complete. Students should always refer directly to the preferred style guide to ensure they’re using the most up-to-date formats and styles.

What is a bibliography?

When you’re researching a paper, you’ll likely consult a wide variety of sources. You may quote some of these directly in your work, summarize some of the points they make, or simply use them to further the knowledge you need to write your paper. Since these ideas are not your own, it’s vital to give credit to the authors who originally wrote them. This list of sources, organized alphabetically, is called a bibliography.

A bibliography should include all the materials you consulted in your research, even if you don’t quote directly from them in your paper. These resources could include (but aren’t limited to):

• Books and e-books
• Periodicals like magazines or newspapers
• Online articles or websites
• Primary source documents like letters or official records

Bibliography vs. References

These two terms are sometimes used interchangeably, but they actually have different meanings. As noted above, a bibliography includes all the materials you used while researching your paper, whether or not you quote from them or refer to them directly in your writing.

A list of references only includes the materials you cite throughout your work. You might use direct quotes or summarize the information for the reader. Either way, you must ensure you give credit to the original author or document. This section can be titled “List of Works Cited” or simply “References.”

Your teacher may specify whether you should include a bibliography or a reference list. If they don’t, consider choosing a bibliography, to show all the works you used in researching your paper. This can help the reader see that your points are well supported, and allow them to do further reading on their own if they’re interested.

Bibliography vs. Citations

Citations refer to direct quotations from a text, woven into your own writing. There are a variety of ways to write citations, including footnotes and endnotes. These are generally shorter than the entries in a reference list or bibliography. Learn more about writing citations here.

What does a bibliography entry include?

Depending on the reference material, bibliography entries include a variety of information intended to help a reader locate the material if they want to refer to it themselves. These entries are listed in alphabetical order, and may include:

• Author/s or creator/s
• Publication date
• Volume and issue numbers
• Publisher and publication city
• Website URL

These entries don’t generally need to include specific page numbers or locations within the work (except for print magazine or journal articles). That type of information is usually only needed in a footnote or endnote citation.

What are the different bibliography styles?

In most cases, writers use one of three major style guides: APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), or The Chicago Manual of Style . There are many others as well, but these three are the most common choices for K–12 students.

Many teachers will state their preference for one style guide over another. If they don’t, you can choose your own preferred style. However, you should also use that guide for your entire paper, following their recommendations for punctuation, grammar, and more. This will ensure you are consistent throughout.

Below, you’ll learn how to write a simple bibliography using each of the three major style guides. We’ve included details for books and e-books, periodicals, and electronic sources like websites and videos. If the reference material type you need to include isn’t shown here, refer directly to the style guide you’re using.

APA Style Bibliography and Examples

Source: Verywell Mind

Technically, APA style calls for a list of references instead of a bibliography. If your teacher requires you to use the APA style guide , you can limit your reference list only to items you cite throughout your work.

How To Write a Bibliography (References) Using APA Style

Here are some general notes on writing an APA reference list:

• Title your bibliography section “References” and center the title on the top line of the page.
• Do not center your references; they should be left-aligned. For longer items, subsequent lines should use a hanging indent of 1/2 inch.
• Include all types of resources in the same list.
• Alphabetize your list by author or creator, last name first.
• Do not spell out the author/creator’s first or middle name; only use their initials.
• If there are multiple authors/creators, use an ampersand (&) before the final author/creator.
• Place the date in parentheses.
• Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, unless the word would otherwise be capitalized (proper names, etc.).
• Italicize the titles of books, periodicals, or videos.
• For websites, include the full site information, including the http:// or https:// at the beginning.

Books and E-Books APA Bibliography Examples

For books, APA reference list entries use this format (only include the publisher’s website for e-books).

Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication date). Title with only first word capitalized . Publisher. Publisher’s website

• Wynn, S. (2020). City of London at war 1939–45 . Pen & Sword Military. https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/City-of-London-at-War-193945-Paperback/p/17299

Periodical APA Bibliography Examples

For journal or magazine articles, use this format. If you viewed the article online, include the URL at the end of the citation.

Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication date). Title of article. Magazine or Journal Title (Volume number) Issue number, page numbers. URL

• Bell, A. (2009). Landscapes of fear: Wartime London, 1939–1945. Journal of British Studies (48) 1, 153–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25482966

Here’s the format for newspapers. For print editions, include the page number/s. For online articles, include the full URL.

Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year, Month Date) Title of article. Newspaper title. Page number/s. URL

• Blakemore, E. (2022, November 12) Researchers track down two copies of fossil destroyed by the Nazis.  The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/11/12/ichthyosaur-fossil-images-discovered/

Electronic APA Bibliography Examples

For articles with a specific author on a website, use this format.

Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title . Site name. URL

• Wukovits, J. (2023, January 30). A World War II survivor recalls the London Blitz . British Heritage . https://britishheritage.com/history/world-war-ii-survivor-london-blitz

When an online article doesn’t include a specific author or date, list it like this:

Title . (Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

• Growing up in the Second World War . (n.d.). Imperial War Museums. Retrieved May 12, 2023, from https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/growing-up-in-the-second-world-war

When you need to list a YouTube video, use the name of the account that uploaded the video, and format it like this:

Name of Account. (Upload year, month day). Title [Video]. YouTube. URL

• War Stories. (2023, January 15). How did London survive the Blitz during WW2? | Cities at war: London | War stories [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/uwY6JlCvbxc

For more information on writing APA bibliographies, see the APA Style Guide website.

APA Bibliography (Reference List) Example Pages

Source: Simply Psychology

More APA example pages:

• Western Australia Library Services APA References Example Page
• Ancilla College APA References Page Example
• Scribbr APA References Page Example

MLA Style Bibliography Examples

Source: PressBooks

MLA style calls for a Works Cited section, which includes all materials quoted or referred to in your paper. You may also include a Works Consulted section, including other reference sources you reviewed but didn’t directly cite. Together, these constitute a bibliography. If your teacher requests an MLA Style Guide bibliography, ask if you should include Works Consulted as well as Works Cited.

How To Write a Bibliography (Works Cited and Works Consulted) in MLA Style

For both MLA Works Cited and Works Consulted sections, use these general guidelines:

• Start your Works Cited list on a new page. If you include a Works Consulted list, start that on its own new page after the Works Cited section.
• Center the title (Works Cited or Works Consulted) in the middle of the line at the top of the page.
• Align the start of each source to the left margin, and use a hanging indent (1/2 inch) for the following lines of each source.
• Alphabetize your sources using the first word of the citation, usually the author’s last name.
• Include the author’s full name as listed, last name first.
• Capitalize titles using the standard MLA format.
• Leave off the http:// or https:// at the beginning of a URL.

Books and E-Books MLA Bibliography Examples

For books, MLA reference list entries use this format. Add the URL at the end for e-books.

Last Name, First Name Middle Name. Title . Publisher, Date. URL

• Wynn, Stephen. City of London at War 1939–45 . Pen & Sword Military, 2020. www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/City-of-London-at-War-193945-Paperback/p/17299

Periodical MLA Bibliography Examples

Here’s the style format for magazines, journals, and newspapers. For online articles, add the URL at the end of the listing.

For magazines and journals:

Last Name, First Name. “Title: Subtitle.” Name of Journal , volume number, issue number, Date of Publication, First Page Number–Last Page Number.

• Bell, Amy. “Landscapes of Fear: Wartime London, 1939–1945.” Journal of British Studies , vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 153–175. www.jstor.org/stable/25482966

When citing newspapers, include the page number/s for print editions or the URL for online articles.

Last Name, First Name. “Title of article.” Newspaper title. Page number/s. Year, month day. Page number or URL

• Blakemore, Erin. “Researchers Track Down Two Copies of Fossil Destroyed by the Nazis.” The Washington Post. 2022, Nov. 12. www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/11/12/ichthyosaur-fossil-images-discovered/

Electronic MLA Bibliography Examples

Last Name, First Name. Year. “Title.” Month Day, Year published. URL

• Wukovits, John. 2023. “A World War II Survivor Recalls the London Blitz.” January 30,   2023. https://britishheritage.com/history/world-war-ii-survivor-london-blitz

Website. n.d. “Title.” Accessed Day Month Year. URL.

• Imperial War Museum. n.d. “Growing Up in the Second World War.” Accessed May 9, 2023. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/growing-up-in-the-second-world-war.

Here’s how to list YouTube and other online videos.

Creator, if available. “Title of Video.” Website. Uploaded by Username, Day Month Year. URL.

• “How did London survive the Blitz during WW2? | Cities at war: London | War stories.” YouTube . Uploaded by War Stories, 15 Jan. 2023. youtu.be/uwY6JlCvbxc.

For more information on writing MLA style bibliographies, see the MLA Style website.

MLA Bibliography (Works Cited) Example Pages

Source: The Visual Communication Guy

More MLA example pages:

• Writing Commons Sample Works Cited Page
• Scribbr MLA Works Cited Sample Page
• Montana State University MLA Works Cited Page

Chicago Manual of Style Bibliography Examples

The Chicago Manual of Style (sometimes called “Turabian”) actually has two options for citing reference material : Notes and Bibliography and Author-Date. Regardless of which you use, you’ll need a complete detailed list of reference items at the end of your paper. The examples below demonstrate how to write that list.

How To Write a Bibliography Using The Chicago Manual of Style

Source: South Texas College

Here are some general notes on writing a Chicago -style bibliography:

• You may title it “Bibliography” or “References.” Center this title at the top of the page and add two blank lines before the first entry.
• Left-align each entry, with a hanging half-inch indent for subsequent lines of each entry.
• Single-space each entry, with a blank line between entries.
• Include the “http://” or “https://” at the beginning of URLs.

Books and E-Books Chicago Manual of Style Bibliography Examples

For books, Chicago -style reference list entries use this format. (For print books, leave off the information about how the book was accessed.)

Last Name, First Name Middle Name. Title . City of Publication: Publisher, Date. How e-book was accessed.

• Wynn, Stephen. City of London at War 1939–45 . Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2020. Kindle edition.

Periodical Chicago Manual of Style Bibliography Examples

For journal and magazine articles, use this format.

Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. “Title: Subtitle.” Name of Journal , Volume Number, issue number, First Page Number–Last Page Number. URL.

• Bell, Amy. 2009. “Landscapes of Fear: Wartime London, 1939–1945.” Journal of British Studies, 48 no. 1, 153–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25482966.

When citing newspapers, include the URL for online articles.

Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. “Title: Subtitle.” Name of Newspaper , Month day, year. URL.

• Blakemore, Erin. 2022. “Researchers Track Down Two Copies of Fossil Destroyed by the Nazis.” The Washington Post , November 12, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/11/12/ichthyosaur-fossil-images-discovered/.

Electronic Chicago Manual of Style Bibliography Examples

Last Name, First Name Middle Name. “Title.” Site Name . Year, Month Day. URL.

• Wukovits, John. “A World War II Survivor Recalls the London Blitz.” British Heritage. 2023, Jan. 30. britishheritage.com/history/world-war-ii-survivor-london-blitz.

“Title.” Site Name . URL. Accessed Day Month Year.

• “Growing Up in the Second World War.” Imperial War Museums . www.iwm.org.uk/history/growing-up-in-the-second-world-war. Accessed May 9, 2023.

Creator or Username. “Title of Video.” Website video, length. Month Day, Year. URL.

• War Stories. “How Did London Survive the Blitz During WW2? | Cities at War: London | War Stories.” YouTube video, 51:25. January 15, 2023. https://youtu.be/uwY6JlCvbxc.

For more information on writing Chicago -style bibliographies, see the Chicago Manual of Style website.

Chicago Manual of Style Bibliography Example Pages

Source: Chicago Manual of Style

More Chicago example pages:

• Scribbr Chicago Style Bibliography Example
• Purdue Online Writing Lab CMOS Bibliography Page
• Bibcitation Sample Chicago Bibliography

Now that you know how to write a bibliography, take a look at the Best Websites for Teaching & Learning Writing .

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Annotated Bibliographies

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This handout provides information about annotated bibliographies in MLA, APA, and CMS.

Definitions

A bibliography is a list of sources (books, journals, Web sites, periodicals, etc.) one has used for researching a topic. Bibliographies are sometimes called "References" or "Works Cited" depending on the style format you are using. A bibliography usually just includes the bibliographic information (i.e., the author, title, publisher, etc.).

An annotation is a summary and/or evaluation. Therefore, an annotated bibliography includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources. Depending on your project or the assignment, your annotations may do one or more of the following.

For more help, see our handout on paraphrasing sources.

For more help, see our handouts on evaluating resources .

• Reflect : Once you've summarized and assessed a source, you need to ask how it fits into your research. Was this source helpful to you? How does it help you shape your argument? How can you use this source in your research project? Has it changed how you think about your topic?

Your annotated bibliography may include some of these, all of these, or even others. If you're doing this for a class, you should get specific guidelines from your instructor.

Why should I write an annotated bibliography?

To learn about your topic : Writing an annotated bibliography is excellent preparation for a research project. Just collecting sources for a bibliography is useful, but when you have to write annotations for each source, you're forced to read each source more carefully. You begin to read more critically instead of just collecting information. At the professional level, annotated bibliographies allow you to see what has been done in the literature and where your own research or scholarship can fit. To help you formulate a thesis: Every good research paper is an argument. The purpose of research is to state and support a thesis. So, a very important part of research is developing a thesis that is debatable, interesting, and current. Writing an annotated bibliography can help you gain a good perspective on what is being said about your topic. By reading and responding to a variety of sources on a topic, you'll start to see what the issues are, what people are arguing about, and you'll then be able to develop your own point of view.

To help other researchers : Extensive and scholarly annotated bibliographies are sometimes published. They provide a comprehensive overview of everything important that has been and is being said about that topic. You may not ever get your annotated bibliography published, but as a researcher, you might want to look for one that has been published about your topic.

The format of an annotated bibliography can vary, so if you're doing one for a class, it's important to ask for specific guidelines.

The bibliographic information : Generally, though, the bibliographic information of the source (the title, author, publisher, date, etc.) is written in either MLA or APA format. For more help with formatting, see our MLA handout . For APA, go here: APA handout .

The annotations: The annotations for each source are written in paragraph form. The lengths of the annotations can vary significantly from a couple of sentences to a couple of pages. The length will depend on the purpose. If you're just writing summaries of your sources, the annotations may not be very long. However, if you are writing an extensive analysis of each source, you'll need more space.

You can focus your annotations for your own needs. A few sentences of general summary followed by several sentences of how you can fit the work into your larger paper or project can serve you well when you go to draft.

Archives and Creative Writing

• What are Archives?
• Archival Access
• Archives-Based Writing Prompts
• Creative Writing that Uses Archives
• Bibliography: Theory
• Teaching Creative Writing with Archives
• Citing Archival Sources

Below is a list of selected works of creative writing in which the authors made use of archival sources either for research or as direct source material for their work.

Conrad, C A. Beautifu l Marsupial Afternoon: New (soma)tics. AMHERST: WAVE BOOKS, 2013.

Ewing, Eve L. 1919. London: Penguin Books, 2020. Hill, Sean. Blood Ties & Brown Liquor: Poems. Athens, Ga: Univ. of Georgia Press, 2008.

Howe, Susan. That This. New York: New Directions Pub, 2010.  

Ivey, Eowyn. To the Bright Edge of the World: A Novel. New York: Back Bay Books, Little, Brown and Company, 2017. 

Jordan, A V. M-a-c-n-o-l-i-a: Poems. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2005.

Kaufman, Rachel. Many to Remember. Loveland, Ohio: Dos Madres Press, Inc., 2021. 

M agi, Jill. Labor. Brooklyn, NY: Nightboat Books, 2014. 

O'Donnell, Nicole S. Steam Laundry: Poems. Fairbanks, AK: Boreal Books, 2012.

Philip, M. NourbeSe. Zong!S.l.: SILVER PRESS, 2020.

Trethewey, Natasha D. Bellocq's Ophelia: Poems. Saint Paul, Minn: Graywolf Press, 2002.

Sinor, Jennifer. The Extraordinary Work of Ordinary Writing: Annie Ray's Diary. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2002.

• << Previous: Archives-Based Writing Prompts
• Next: Bibliography: Theory >>
• Last Updated: Sep 25, 2023 1:16 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.barnard.edu/archives-creative-writing

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Citing Sources

How to avoid plagiarism, citation management tools.

Citations are often daunting, but don't be discouraged! Citations are an important way to give credit where credit is due and to make sure your readers can trace where you found your sources. 

Tip: Use the "Cite" feature in UC Library Search to generate citations or one of the citation management tools listed below!

In order to avoid plagiarism, you must give credit when

• You use another person's ideas, opinions, or theories.
• You use facts, statistics, graphics, drawings, music, etc., or any other type of information that does not comprise common knowledge.
• You use quotations from another person's spoken or written word.
• You paraphrase another person's spoken or written word.

Recommendations

• Begin the writing process by stating your ideas; then go back to the author's original work.
• Use quotation marks and credit the source (author) when you copy exact wording.
• Use your own words (paraphrase) instead of copying directly when possible.
• Even when you paraphrase another author's writings, you must give credit to that author.
• If the form of citation and reference are not correct, the attribution to the original author is likely to be incomplete. Therefore, improper use of style can result in plagiarism. Get a style manual and use it.

This content is part of the Understanding Plagiarism tutorial created by the Indiana University School of Education.

Citation management tools help you manage your research, collect and cite sources, organize and store your PDFs, and create bibliographies in a variety of citation styles.  Each one has its strengths and weaknesses, but all are easier than doing it by hand!

• Zotero help from the UCB Libraries
• Zotero help from zotero.org
• RefWorks help from the UCB Libraries
• RefWorks help from RefWorks
• EndNote : Desktop software for managing your references and formatting bibliographies. You can  purchase  EndNote from the Cal Student Store . 

Tip:  After creating a bibliography with a citation management tool, it's always good to  double check the formatting;  sometimes the software doesn't get it quite right.

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Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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Claudia Looi

Touring the Top 10 Moscow Metro Stations

By Claudia Looi 2 Comments

Komsomolskaya metro station looks like a museum. It has vaulted ceilings and baroque decor.

Hidden underground, in the heart of Moscow, are historical and architectural treasures of Russia. These are Soviet-era creations – the metro stations of Moscow.

Our guide Maria introduced these elaborate metro stations as “the palaces for the people.” Built between 1937 and 1955, each station holds its own history and stories. Stalin had the idea of building beautiful underground spaces that the masses could enjoy. They would look like museums, art centers, concert halls, palaces and churches. Each would have a different theme. None would be alike.

The two-hour private tour was with a former Intourist tour guide named Maria. Maria lived in Moscow all her life and through the communist era of 60s to 90s. She has been a tour guide for more than 30 years. Being in her 60s, she moved rather quickly for her age. We traveled and crammed with Maria and other Muscovites on the metro to visit 10 different metro stations.

Arrow showing the direction of metro line 1 and 2

Moscow subways are very clean

To Maria, every street, metro and building told a story. I couldn’t keep up with her stories. I don’t remember most of what she said because I was just thrilled being in Moscow.   Added to that, she spilled out so many Russian words and names, which to one who can’t read Cyrillic, sounded so foreign and could be easily forgotten.

The metro tour was the first part of our all day tour of Moscow with Maria. Here are the stations we visited:

1. Komsomolskaya Metro Station  is the most beautiful of them all. Painted yellow and decorated with chandeliers, gold leaves and semi precious stones, the station looks like a stately museum. And possibly decorated like a palace. I saw Komsomolskaya first, before the rest of the stations upon arrival in Moscow by train from St. Petersburg.

2. Revolution Square Metro Station (Ploshchad Revolyutsii) has marble arches and 72 bronze sculptures designed by Alexey Dushkin. The marble arches are flanked by the bronze sculptures. If you look closely you will see passersby touching the bronze dog's nose. Legend has it that good luck comes to those who touch the dog's nose.

Touch the dog's nose for good luck. At the Revolution Square station

Revolution Square Metro Station

3. Arbatskaya Metro Station served as a shelter during the Soviet-era. It is one of the largest and the deepest metro stations in Moscow.

Arbatskaya Metro Station

4. Biblioteka Imeni Lenina Metro Station was built in 1935 and named after the Russian State Library. It is located near the library and has a big mosaic portrait of Lenin and yellow ceramic tiles on the track walls.

Lenin's portrait at the Biblioteka Imeni Lenina Metro Station

5. Kievskaya Metro Station was one of the first to be completed in Moscow. Named after the capital city of Ukraine by Kiev-born, Nikita Khruschev, Stalin's successor.

Kievskaya Metro Station

6. Novoslobodskaya Metro Station  was built in 1952. It has 32 stained glass murals with brass borders.

Novoslobodskaya metro station

7. Kurskaya Metro Station was one of the first few to be built in Moscow in 1938. It has ceiling panels and artwork showing Soviet leadership, Soviet lifestyle and political power. It has a dome with patriotic slogans decorated with red stars representing the Soviet's World War II Hall of Fame. Kurskaya Metro Station is a must-visit station in Moscow.

Ceiling panel and artworks at Kurskaya Metro Station

8. Mayakovskaya Metro Station built in 1938. It was named after Russian poet Vladmir Mayakovsky. This is one of the most beautiful metro stations in the world with 34 mosaics painted by Alexander Deyneka.

Mayakovskaya station

One of the over 30 ceiling mosaics in Mayakovskaya metro station

9. Belorusskaya Metro Station is named after the people of Belarus. In the picture below, there are statues of 3 members of the Partisan Resistance in Belarus during World War II. The statues were sculpted by Sergei Orlov, S. Rabinovich and I. Slonim.

10. Teatralnaya Metro Station (Theatre Metro Station) is located near the Bolshoi Theatre.

Teatralnaya Metro Station decorated with porcelain figures .

Taking the metro's escalator at the end of the tour with Maria the tour guide.

Have you visited the Moscow Metro? Leave your comment below.

January 15, 2017 at 8:17 am

An excellent read! Thanks for much for sharing the Russian metro system with us. We're heading to Moscow in April and exploring the metro stations were on our list and after reading your post, I'm even more excited to go visit them. Thanks again 🙂

December 6, 2017 at 10:45 pm

Hi, do you remember which tour company you contacted for this tour?

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