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My Vision For India In 2030 Essay In 500+ Words

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India is a country which a rich heritage and unique culture. India is always famous for its unique identity “ Unity in Diversity “.

The British ruled India from 1858 to 1947. India got its independence on 15th August 1947 from British imperial rule.

As D.r A.P.J. Abdul Kalam had a vision for 2020 India, in which he visualized India as one of the most advanced and developed countries of the world.

I also have a vision for India in 2030 . My vision for India in 2030 is an environment-friendly, educated, clean and healthy India. As there is a famous weapon which you can use to change the world.

In the context of the year 2030 , we have to set a target that after completing 100 years of Independence, where do we see India.

For this, we all will have to work together for the development of the country so that the spirit of unity arises in us and gets rid of fragmented thinking.

So now it is the duty of all of us to get involved in rebuilding the new India of our dreams. Don’t delay any longer. Today, celebrating 75 years of Independence, I am dreaming of a new India.

An India that is fully developed, where every youth has employment, where no one is dying has employment, where no one is dying of poverty and hunger. I also see the India of 2030 as a corruption-free India.

I see that in 2030 there is no hatred in the name of caste and religion in the country. In 2030, Every girl who walks the streets of India is absolutely safe.

I envision the Indian economy as the most established and developed economy in the world. I envision the women of India of 2030 as more empowered. I envision medical facilities in India easily accessible to the general public.

It is my vision that every child of India will be educated in 2030, which will definitely be meaningful. For this, we all should start making efforts from now on. if we make efforts from now on.

If we make efforts with unity, then India will definitely become self-reliant and by 2030, the title of Vishwaguru will definitely be in its name.

Now I would like to share my vision for India in 2030 in detail.

Environment-Friendly India: My vision for India is environment-Friendly India. A good way to start with conserving water, driving less, walking more, planting more trees, and using a battery electric vehicle.

My Vision For India In 2050 Essay In 500+ Words

Paragraph On My Vision For India @ 100 years

Educated India: In 2030, I want to see India with the highest number of literate people. The easiest and the most effective way to achieve this is “each one, teach one”.

Clean India: There is a quote “Clean people and healthy people can make a wealthy country.” I want India as the cleanest country in the world by 2030. By simply throwing the garbage in the bin, not spitting on the streets, and creating less waste I want to achieve my vision-clean India.

Healthy India: By 2030, I want to see India as a healthy India, a fit India. For this, I pledge to donate my organs and I also want to encourage other people to do this noble work. So that together we can make India- healthy India.

Corruption-Free India: My vision for India is a corruption-free India. If we limit our wants and needs then we can easily make corruption-free India.

So, my vision for India in 2030 is an educated, clean and healthy India . That’s why I want to see India as the country with the highest educated people.

Once the people are educated, they will understand the importance of environment-friendly life and cleanliness. Cleanliness is the door to a healthy life.

And healthy people can make a wealthy country. when each and every people become healthy the country will surely be developed and progress.

I want to contribute these little things for the progress of my beautiful country- to fulfill my vision for 2030 as -Happy India.

Thanks For Reading “ My Vision For India In 2030 Essay In 500+ Words “.

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This is also my vision for India 2030. Let’s do it together . Siya A student of blue bird school aligarh

Essay on Vision 2030 in 100, 200, 300, 400 & 500 Words

Table of Contents

Essay on Vision 2030 in 100 Words

Vision 2030 in India is a comprehensive plan that aims to transform the nation into a developed, sustainable, and prosperous country by the year 2030. It focuses on various sectors including healthcare, education, infrastructure, technology, and employment opportunities. The vision is to create an inclusive society, where every citizen can actively participate in the nation’s growth. With a strong emphasis on innovation and sustainable development, Vision 2030 aims to position India as a global powerhouse in the coming years. Through strategic investments and policy reforms, the Indian government aspires to achieve remarkable social and economic progress, ultimately benefiting the citizens and ensuring a brighter future for generations to come.

Essay on Vision 2030 in 200 Words

Title: essay on vision 2030 in india.

Vision 2030 is an ambitious plan that aims to transform India into a developed and prosperous nation by the year 2030. This visionary plan focuses on various sectors, including the economy, infrastructure, education, healthcare, governance, and sustainability. It envisions a future where India becomes a global economic powerhouse and improves the quality of life for its citizens.

The Vision 2030 initiative aims to revolutionize the Indian economy, creating a vibrant business environment that attracts investments and fosters entrepreneurship. This will lead to job creation, an increase in incomes, and poverty alleviation. Infrastructure development forms a crucial part of the plan, with efforts towards building better roads, railways, ports, and digital connectivity. This will ensure efficient transportation, boost trade, and connect rural areas to urban centers.

Education and the healthcare sectors are also given significant emphasis in Vision 2030. The plan envisions providing quality education and skill development opportunities to all citizens, ensuring they are equipped for the future. Similarly, by focusing on improving healthcare infrastructure and affordable access to healthcare services, the initiative aims to enhance the overall well-being of the population.

Vision 2030 also promotes good governance and transparency, aiming to eradicate corruption and improve public services. It emphasizes sustainable development, encouraging the use of clean and renewable energy sources to minimize environmental impact.

Essay on Vision 2030 in 300 Words

Title: vision 2030: paving india’s path to progress.

India, one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, has set its sights on achieving remarkable strides in economic and social development. Vision 2030 serves as a blueprint for transforming India into a prosperous and inclusive nation. This essay explores the key aspects of Vision 2030, highlighting its goals and strategies.

Vision 2030 for India encompasses various sectors aimed at driving sustainable growth. Firstly, the focus is on infrastructure development, with ambitious plans to create world-class transportation networks, modernize cities, and provide efficient public services. This will catalyze economic activities, improve connectivity, and enhance the quality of life across the nation.

In addition, Vision 2030 emphasizes the need for innovation and technology integration in industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, and healthcare. By harnessing the potential of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, IoT, and renewable energy, India aims to drive productivity, improve rural livelihoods, and ensure sustainable development.

Education and skill development play crucial roles in Vision 2030, with the aim of fostering a highly educated and skilled workforce. The focus on quality education, vocational training, and research and development will equip the Indian population with the knowledge and skills required to thrive in the rapidly evolving global economy.

Environmental conservation and sustainable practices are central to Vision 2030. India aims to achieve clean energy targets, reduce carbon emissions, promote green initiatives, and ensure climate resilience. These measures will not only contribute towards global environmental goals but also create new opportunities for green entrepreneurship and employment.

Conclusion:

Vision 2030 India sets forth an ambitious roadmap for the nation’s progress in the next decade. Through its multifaceted approach encompassing infrastructure, innovation, education, and sustainability, India aims to become a global leader in economic growth and social development. By effectively implementing the strategies outlined in Vision 2030, India strives to secure a bright and prosperous future for its citizens.

Essay on Vision 2030 in 400 Words

Essay on vision 2030 in india.

India, as a nation, has always been striving for progress and growth. In recent years, the country has witnessed significant advancements in various sectors, catapulting it onto the global stage. To further accelerate this growth and ensure a sustainable future, the Indian government has envisioned a comprehensive roadmap known as Vision 2030.

Vision 2030 encompasses a wide range of sectors and outlines ambitious goals aimed at transforming India into a developed nation by the year 2030. This vision focuses on key areas such as the economy, infrastructure, healthcare, education, agriculture, and technology.

One of the primary objectives of Vision 2030 is to establish a robust and sustainable economy. The government aims to achieve an annual GDP growth rate of 10% and enhance the Indian manufacturing sector to become a global leader. Moreover, special attention is given to creating employment opportunities and reducing poverty, ensuring inclusive and equitable growth for all.

Infrastructure development is another crucial aspect of Vision 2030. The government envisages building world-class transportation networks, harnessing renewable energy sources, and upgrading urban infrastructure. By investing in smart cities and modernizing existing cities, India aims to create a conducive environment for businesses, improve living standards, and attract foreign investment.

Additionally, Vision 2030 places significant emphasis on healthcare and education. The government aims to provide quality healthcare services to all, focusing on preventive healthcare measures, upgrading healthcare facilities, and ensuring the availability of essential medicines. Furthermore, a holistic approach to education is being adopted, in efforts to enhance the quality of education, increase school enrollment rates, and bridge the urban-rural education divide.

Agriculture, being a vital sector in India, also receives considerable attention under Vision 2030. The government aims to improve farmers’ incomes, enhance agricultural productivity, and ensure food security for the growing population. This includes modernizing farming techniques, providing timely access to credit and insurance, and promoting sustainable agriculture practices.

Lastly, Vision 2030 recognizes the transformative power of technology. The government intends to leverage advancements in fields like artificial intelligence, robotics, and digitization to drive innovation and improve governance. The Digital India initiative, launched under this vision, aims to connect rural areas through a robust digital framework, enabling access to online services and empowering citizens.

In conclusion, Vision 2030 in India is a comprehensive roadmap that envisions a transformed India by 2030. Through investments in the economy, infrastructure, healthcare, education, agriculture, and technology, the government aims to propel India towards becoming a developed nation. Achieving the goals laid out in Vision 2030 will not only ensure the country’s progress but also impact the lives of its citizens, providing them with opportunities, better living standards, and a brighter future.

Essay on Vision 2030 in 500 Words

Essay on vision 2030: india’s descriptive journey.

Introduction

In the dynamic landscape of a rapidly changing world, countries often set long-term goals to shape their future. India, being one of the fastest-growing economies, has undertaken an ambitious plan called Vision 2030. This essay aims to take a descriptive journey through India’s Vision 2030, exploring the key areas that this transformative initiative focuses on.

Economic Growth and Development

At the core of Vision 2030: India is the objective of achieving sustained economic growth and development. The plan focuses on doubling India’s GDP, creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurship and innovation, and ensuring equitable distribution of resources. It aims to enhance industrial growth by encouraging diverse sectors, fostering investment opportunities, and improving the ease of doing business.

Infrastructure Development

To support an expanding economy and population, Vision 2030 highlights the importance of infrastructure development. It envisions a comprehensive upgrade of transportation, including road and rail networks, airports, and ports, to foster efficient connectivity within and outside the country. Additionally, the plan emphasizes the construction of smart cities, sustainable housing, and the provision of basic amenities like clean water, electricity, and sanitation to promote a higher quality of life.

Digital Revolution

Recognizing the power of technology and digitization, Vision 2030: India aims to unleash a digital revolution across the nation. It focuses on expanding broadband connectivity, promoting digital literacy, and leveraging emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain to enhance governance, improve service delivery, and empower citizens. The plan also envisions the digitization of healthcare, education, and financial services to ensure better accessibility and inclusivity.

Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation

In line with global commitments, Vision 2030 encompasses sustainable development goals to ensure a greener and cleaner India. The plan emphasizes the adoption of renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, and enhancing environmental conservation efforts. It includes programs to encourage clean energy generation, sustainable agriculture practices, afforestation, and the preservation of biodiversity. The aim is to create a sustainable future while mitigating the effects of climate change.

Social Welfare and Inclusive Growth

India’s Vision 2030 recognizes the need for inclusive growth and social welfare. It aims to uplift marginalized sections of society, promote gender equality, and provide equal opportunities for all. The plan emphasizes investment in quality healthcare, education, and skill development programs. It also focuses on eradicating poverty, reducing income inequalities, and strengthening social security systems to ensure a dignified life for every citizen.

India’s Vision 2030 is an ambitious and forward-thinking plan that seeks to transform the nation across multiple dimensions. It envisions sustained economic growth, inclusive development, and environmental sustainability. By focusing on infrastructure development, the digital revolution, sustainable practices, and social welfare, India aims to become a leading global economy and a better place for its citizens. As we approach the year 2030, the successful implementation of this vision will depend on the collective efforts of government, businesses, and citizens to drive positive change and secure a brighter future for India.

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How to build a better India by 2030

Hope for the future: India can build a more inclusive economy by 2030 Image: REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri

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India can transform itself in the next days if technology creates opportunity.
In India, 77% of workers currently participate in the informal economy.
90 million people will join the India's pool of potential workers in the next decade.

It is 2030 and India is among the world’s top three economies. Its citizens live with advanced technology in a mutually beneficial ecosystem. Technology creates opportunity. Its users have access to quality jobs, better healthcare, and skill-based education—all of which were out of reach just ten years before. In this vision of India, digital technology helps people bridge gaps that presently hold them back. This is a Bridgital Nation, and it's achievable within a decade.

Have you read?

Urban pollution: breathing new life into india's cities, how can technology help india an extract.

But it is 2020, and we are still on this side of the enormous gap that exists in health, education, justice, and wherever else we look. How will we get to the other side? For India, and developing countries more broadly, the answer lies in the tools of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The prosperity we envision will become real if we think just a little differently about how we can use the technologies bearing down on us to our advantage.

From digital to bridgital

We see digital technologies changing the world around us on a daily basis. From shopping to travel to work, nothing is untouched by digital advances. And the rate of advancement is only increasing. AI and automation are beginning to make their presence felt in our lives. Such has been their impact that they now come with the standard fear of job losses and worse. However, if we look more closely, this narrative applies to advanced economies. In developing countries, which have distinct characteristics, the advance of technology will play out differently. We believe that if applied properly, it will lead to more jobs and better jobs—an approach we call ‘Bridgital’.

Why do we believe this? Because India is ripe for exactly this kind of intervention. Unlike advanced economies, which possess mature markets and where innovation is focused on efficiency, India lacks markets themselves. For instance, there are 190 million adults still without a bank account. Technology-led approaches can create the new markets needed to meet the demands of the underserved. These new markets will bring new local jobs.

India trails global standards in many sectors. In healthcare, for instance, it has half the doctors and a third of the hospital beds compared to global benchmarks. It has neither the time nor the money to catch up with traditional means. When services are reimagined using technology, an additional layer of jobs emerge in mediating technology and existing resources.

In India, 77% of workers currently participate in the informal economy—working on farms or in low productivity jobs like construction or running small local shops. They earn only about $160 a month on average. For this vast informal pool, a contextual technology intervention could boost productivity and wages, thereby improving livelihoods.

In the coming decade, the largest economies will see reductions in their pool of potential workers. The developed world, with fewer workers available, will be busy innovating technology that can substitute for the workforce it is losing. But in India, 90 million Indians, many of whom will be under-skilled and under-qualified, will be added to the workforce. It needs to develop technology to boost its workers’ skills.

In mature markets, digital transformation is focused on increasing efficiency and automating tasks as a profit-making exercise. But in India, where Indians travel huge distances to see a doctor, or where millions of graduates apply for a few hundred positions, a digital transformation will have to take the form of augmenting human ability.

Opening up access to healthcare

Let’s look at the access gap in healthcare, for instance. Right now, there just aren’t enough skilled workers to meet demand. It will take a further 600,000 doctors and 2.5 million nurses to close the access gap.

The doctors we do have spend a quarter to half of their time on activities that anyone else could accomplish: filling prescriptions, logging appointments, administrative paperwork. With a Bridgital intervention, we could change how doctors work. Many pre-diagnosis activities currently undertaken by doctors could be turned into a checklist programmed on to a kiosk, a handheld tablet, or even a smartphone. These could be used by someone without a clinical background, but who has received three to four months’ training on the technology, freeing up the specialist medical team to treat more patients, while giving jobs to those less skilled.

The World Economic Forum was the first to draw the world’s attention to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the current period of unprecedented change driven by rapid technological advances. Policies, norms and regulations have not been able to keep up with the pace of innovation, creating a growing need to fill this gap.

The Forum established the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network in 2017 to ensure that new and emerging technologies will help—not harm—humanity in the future. Headquartered in San Francisco, the network launched centres in China, India and Japan in 2018 and is rapidly establishing locally-run Affiliate Centres in many countries around the world.

The global network is working closely with partners from government, business, academia and civil society to co-design and pilot agile frameworks for governing new and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) , autonomous vehicles , blockchain , data policy , digital trade , drones , internet of things (IoT) , precision medicine and environmental innovations .

Learn more about the groundbreaking work that the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network is doing to prepare us for the future.

Want to help us shape the Fourth Industrial Revolution? Contact us to find out how you can become a member or partner.

Technology also gives specialist doctors the ability to conduct virtual consultations with patients well beyond where roads end, providing access to primary care to the 65-70% of Indians who currently struggle for it.

The net effect is to create jobs and increase the supply of medical help: More than 80% of the gap in doctors India will needs by 2030 can be bridged by this approach. It’s a technology-based bridge built using India’s access challenge as an engine of employment.

This isn't simply theoretical. We have seen this at work in healthcare pilots across India. Doctors, nurses, unskilled workers, outreach health workers, and healthcare coordinators are all at work together in a district near Bangalore. Their work is connected by a common technology platform that allows for coordination between patients and doctors. As a result, patients who would normally have waited too long to see a doctor now turn up at the first sign of trouble. This has meant they can be treated at primary health centres, rather than at hospitals—the last resort. In the few months that the system has been at work, the number of visitors to primary health centres has increased noticeably. We noticed this difference in just one tiny district, and that too only in healthcare.

India is an 'antarlaapika'

Simply looking across six sectors—including transportation, healthcare, and the judiciary— this sort of Bridgital reimagining could lead to 30 million jobs.

In truth, we already have what it takes to create more and better jobs. We also have the capability to improve and make better use of the existing skill levels of our people, especially once we tailor digital approaches and technologies to our needs. We need to stop thinking of humans and technology as competing for the same work and instead realize that using both together will definitely be more powerful than either alone.

There’s a word in Sanskrit that suits India perfectly: antarlaapika — a puzzle that holds its own answer. India is an antarlaapika that can be solved from within.

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World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.

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Essay on India in 2030

As we stand on the threshold of the next decade, envisioning India in 2030 opens a window to a future shaped by innovation, progress, and societal evolution. The trajectory of the nation is marked by ambitious goals, technological advancements, and a commitment to sustainable development. In this essay, we explore the potential contours of India’s journey in 2030, envisioning a landscape where progress harmonizes with inclusivity and environmental stewardship.

Quick Overview:

India in 2030 is likely to witness a further surge in technological advancements, with a robust digital infrastructure becoming a cornerstone of everyday life.
Increased internet penetration, smart cities, and cutting-edge innovations are expected to redefine the way Indians live, work, and connect with the world.
A heightened awareness of environmental issues is anticipated to drive sustainable development initiatives across the country.
India is likely to invest in renewable energy, green technologies, and eco-friendly practices to address climate change concerns and ensure a greener and more sustainable future.
The Indian economy is poised for continued growth, bolstered by strategic economic policies, international collaborations, and a focus on enhancing global competitiveness.
Sectors such as technology, healthcare, and renewable energy are expected to play pivotal roles in India’s economic landscape.
A commitment to education and skill development is likely to empower the youth, positioning them as catalysts for innovation and social progress.
The education system is expected to evolve, emphasizing not only academic excellence but also fostering creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.
India’s cultural diversity is set to remain a defining feature, celebrated and preserved through various mediums.
Social harmony initiatives are expected to strengthen, promoting inclusivity, tolerance, and understanding among the diverse communities that constitute the fabric of the nation.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, India in 2030 is envisioned as a dynamic tapestry of progress and inclusivity, guided by a vision that balances economic growth with environmental responsibility. The technological landscape is poised for transformation, with innovations shaping the way people interact, learn, and conduct business. As the nation advances, a commitment to sustainable development is expected to be at the forefront, ensuring that growth is mindful of its impact on the environment.

Crucially, the youth of India will emerge as architects of this future, armed with a blend of traditional values and modern skills. Education and skill development initiatives will empower them to contribute meaningfully to the nation’s growth story. Moreover, India’s cultural richness and diversity will continue to be a source of strength, fostering social harmony and national unity.

While the vision of India in 2030 is optimistic, it is also a call to action. It requires collective efforts, innovative solutions, and a commitment to inclusive development. By navigating this future with a focus on sustainable practices, technological prowess, and social cohesion, India has the potential to emerge as a global leader, setting an example for harmonious progress in the 21st century.

Rahul Kumar is a passionate educator, writer, and subject matter expert in the field of education and professional development. As an author on CoursesXpert, Rahul Kumar’s articles cover a wide range of topics, from various courses, educational and career guidance.

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Essay on My Vision For India

Students are often asked to write an essay on My Vision For India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on My Vision For India

Introduction.

India, a country of diverse cultures and rich heritage, holds a promising future. My vision for India is for it to become a nation where everyone thrives.

Education for All

I envision an India where every child can access quality education. Schools would be equipped with modern facilities, fostering creativity and innovation.

Healthcare should be affordable and accessible to everyone, regardless of their social status. A healthy nation is a prosperous nation.

Technological Advancements

India should be at the forefront of technological advancements, harnessing its potential to solve societal issues.

My vision for India is of a nation that is educated, healthy, and technologically advanced.

250 Words Essay on My Vision For India

A preamble to my vision.

My vision for India is deeply rooted in the principles of inclusivity, technological advancement, and sustainable development. I see an India that is not just economically prosperous but also socially harmonious and environmentally responsible.

Technological Advancement

In the realm of technology, I envision India as a global leader. The country’s vast pool of young, tech-savvy minds should be harnessed to drive innovation in fields like artificial intelligence, space research, and biotechnology. The digital divide should be bridged, ensuring that the benefits of technology reach the remotest corners of the country.

Inclusive Growth

Economic growth must be inclusive. This means not just creating more wealth, but ensuring that it is equitably distributed. Policies should be designed to uplift the marginalized, with a focus on education, health, and skill development. I envision an India where every citizen, regardless of their background, has an equal opportunity to succeed.

Sustainable Development

Lastly, my vision for India includes a strong commitment to sustainable development. The country should strive to balance economic growth with environmental conservation. This includes investing in renewable energy, promoting sustainable farming practices, and preserving our rich biodiversity.

In conclusion, my vision for India is of a nation that is technologically advanced, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable. It is a vision that requires collective effort, innovative thinking, and a commitment to the common good. It is a vision that I believe is within our reach.

500 Words Essay on My Vision For India

India, a land of rich cultural diversity and historical significance, has always been a nation of potential. However, the country still has a long way to go in terms of realizing this potential fully. My vision for India is one where the nation not only strengthens its economic and technological prowess but also upholds its cultural heritage and social fabric.

Economic Prosperity

The first aspect of my vision is economic prosperity. India has the potential to become a global economic powerhouse. To achieve this, the focus should be on strengthening the industrial sector and promoting entrepreneurship. India should leverage its demographic dividend by investing in skill development and education. This would create a robust workforce capable of driving economic growth.

Technological advancement forms a crucial part of my vision for India. With the fourth industrial revolution upon us, India should strive to be at the forefront of technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Blockchain. The country should foster a culture of innovation and research, encouraging the youth to contribute to technological advancements. A technologically advanced India can not only improve its economic standing but also address pressing issues like climate change, healthcare, and education.

Social Equity

While economic and technological growth is important, it should not come at the cost of social equity. My vision for India includes a society where everyone, irrespective of their caste, religion, gender, or economic status, has equal opportunities. This requires strong policy measures to eliminate social inequalities and promote inclusivity. Education and awareness can play a pivotal role in creating a society that values diversity and upholds human rights.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage

India’s rich cultural heritage is what sets it apart. My vision for India involves preserving and promoting this heritage. This can be achieved by integrating traditional knowledge systems with modern education, promoting regional languages and art forms, and protecting historical monuments. A nation that respects and upholds its cultural heritage is a nation that understands its roots and identity.

Environmental Sustainability

Lastly, my vision for India is of a nation that prioritizes environmental sustainability. With the looming threat of climate change, it is essential for India to adopt sustainable practices in every sector. This includes promoting renewable energy, implementing waste management systems, and conserving biodiversity. An environmentally conscious India can lead the way in global sustainability efforts.

In conclusion, my vision for India is a holistic one, encompassing economic prosperity, technological advancement, social equity, preservation of cultural heritage, and environmental sustainability. It is a vision of a nation that is not only economically and technologically advanced but also socially equitable and environmentally conscious. This is a vision that can be realized with collective effort, strong leadership, and an unwavering belief in India’s potential.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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My Vision For India by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Following text is the speech delivered by former President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

I have three visions for India. In 3000 years of our history people from all over the world have come and invaded us, captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards the Greeks, the Turks, the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Dutch, all of them came and looted us, took over what was ours. Yet we have not done this to any other nation.

We have not conquered anyone. We have not grabbed their land, their culture and their history and tried to enforce our way of life on them. Why? Because we respect the freedom of others. That is why my FIRST VISION is that of FREEDOM. I believe that India got its first vision of this in 1857, when we started the war of Independence. It is this freedom that we must protect and nurture and build on. If we are not free, no one will respect us.

We have 10 percent growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels are falling. Our achievements are being globally recognised today. Yet we lack the self-confidence to see ourselves as a developed nation, self-reliant and self-assured. Isn’t this incorrect? MY SECOND VISION for India is DEVELOPMENT. For fifty years we have been a developing nation. It is time we see ourselves as a developed nation. We are among top five nations in the world in terms of GDP.

I have a THIRD VISION. India must stand up to the world. Because I believe that unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. We must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go hand-in-hand. My good fortune was to have worked with three great minds. Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, of the Dept. of Space, Professor Satish Dhawan, who succeeded him and Dr. Brahm Prakash, father of nuclear material. I was lucky to have worked with all three of them closely and consider this the great opportunity of my life.

I was in Hyderabad giving this lecture, when a 14 year-old girl asked me for my autograph. I asked her what her goal in life is. She replied: I want to live in a developed India. For her, you and I will have to build this developed India. You must proclaim India is not an underdeveloped nation; it is a highly developed nation.

You say that our government is inefficient. You say that our laws are too old. You say that the municipality does not pick up the garbage. You say that the phones don’t work, the railways are a joke, the airline is the worst in the world, and mails never reach their destination. You say that our country has been fed to the dogs and is the absolute pits. You say, say and say. What do you do about it?

Dear Indians, I am echoing J.F.Kennedy’s words to his fellow Americans to relate to Indians ……. “ASK WHAT WE CAN DO FOR INDIA AND DO WHAT HAS TO BE DONE TO MAKE INDIA WHAT AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES ARE TODAY.”

'My Vision for India' is a speech delivered by India’s former President, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, in which he describes his three visions for India if it has to enter the comity of developed nations. He tries to make people realise their duties and motivate them to build a stronger India.

First vision: He recalls how India has, time and again, been looted by invaders. India, on the other hand, has never invaded any country because it respects the freedom of others. Modern India’s First War of Independence was fought in 1857. Having subsequently achieved independence, we need to protect this freedom, without which no one will respect us.

Second vision: India is growing economically and the rate of poverty is declining. The 10% GDP growth rate is a healthy sign. But Dr. Kalam observed that Indians have failed to see themselves as a group of self-reliant people. He, however, wants to see India as a developed and not just a developing nation.

Third vision: To see India strong, both economically and militarily, because people tend to respect those who are strong.

Finally, India could become as great a nation as the United States of America or any European country if its people stop criticising their own government and other institutions. A change in attitude is required. Instead of complaining, people should participate in the process of development by resolving problems on their own.

Vision for New India@75

When India turns 75 on August 15, 2022, it will mark a moment that comes, but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new. It will be the era of a New India; an era where India begins its journey to become a global leader in thought and action. The preparation towards this began in 2017 when Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi gave his clarion call for establishing aNew India by 2022. In line with this call, the NITI Aayog created the 'Strategy for New India @ 75'released in 2018. This strategy is all the more essential to transform the nation in the post-pandemic world.

The 'Strategy for New India @ 75' had three key messages from the Prime Minister for New India. First, development must become a mass movement, in which every Indian recognizes his/her role and also experiences the tangible benefits accruing to him/her in the form of better ease of living. Second, development strategy should help achieve broad-based economic growth to ensure balanced development across all regions and States and across sectors. Third, the strategy when implemented will bridge the gap between public and private sector performance. The strategy is an attempt to bring innovation, technology, enterprise and efficient management together, at the core of policy formulation and implementation. The term 'policy' is frequently used in government parlance, but what is a 'policy'? In its simplest form, a policy is a framework or plan within which all actions for the accomplishment of an objective are envisioned, implemented, and evaluated. Public policy, by extension, applies to the objectives that pertain to the welfare of the public. The science of policymaking is vast and varied, but like any science, it values analytical thinking, systematic action, and objective evaluation. The life cycle of a policy can be seen in five distinct stages— Problem Identification, Policy Formulation, Policy Adoption, Policy Implementation, and Monitoring and Evaluation.

Given the brisk pace of development in the world today, the development in New India is expected to be achieved sooner than envisioned. Therefore, the policy ecosystem of New India must not fall behind. This cannot be achieved solely by conventional methods. It requires a paradigm shift in the thought process, methods, and tools of the policymakers. For example, the conventional approach to policy is to encourage innovation and regulate technology as the goal of public welfare. While this is still required, it is imperative that policymakers change their perspective from considering innovation and technology an outcome to considering it a tool to achieve their objectives. Similarly, the identified focus areas such as agriculture, industry, information and communication, infrastructure, logistics and transport, education and employment, health and wellness, local governance, etc. require either a sharper focus on implementing the flagship schemes already in place or a new design and initiative to achieve India’s true potential. The following sections draw on the strategy and go a step further to describe how Innovation and Technology can play a role in those areas.

In agriculture, emphasis must shift to converting farmers to 'agripreneurs'. The e-National Agriculture Markets (e-NAMs) should be further expanded. A unified national market, coupled with opening up the export regime, can boost this sector. Automation through the use of IoT (Internet of Things) technology and geospatial data in agriculture should be encouraged. This should start with mobile-based irrigation platforms and extend to precision agriculture that leverages sensor data from the plant, soil, water and air, as well as geospatial data for crop and climate monitoring. Proactive dissemination of techniques on Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) should be undertaken in low-income rural regions, so as to increase farmers' income and improve land quality.

In industry, the focus must be on encouraging the adoption of Industry 4.0 in MSMEs. Small business research programmes for encouraging R&D in MSMEs need to be established. The support to micro innovations will create a culture of innovation across the workforce.

At the national scale, programmes on Smart and Advanced Manufacturing to address the shortage of high-tech human resources are needed. This also would start with simple automation and leadup to rapid production through 3D printing.

In information and communication infrastructure, the BharatNet project is already underway with the goal of eliminating the digital divide. The challenges in the implementation of its Phase 2 and phase 3, which will complete the last-mile connectivity to every part of the nation, can be met by encouraging the use of advanced communication technologies like mmWave communication and FreeSpace Optics. India's active participation in formulating international standards must increase and expand. As a result of its recent efforts, the 5Gi standard has been approved, which is designed specifically to serve rural and remote regions in developed countries.

In the broad sense of logistics and transport, the Bharatmala project must be expedited and more Dedicated Freight Corridors be established. These projects should be implemented with new materials/techniques developed for construction. The FASTag project is already being implemented, although some streamlining remains. Here, this learning should be expanded to create an IT-enabled traffic management system in urban regions and to geospatial tracking and management for long-haul vehicles. Coastal shipping and inland waterways infrastructure must also develop an IT-enabled platform. This is important for integrating different modes of transport and promoting multi-modal and digitised mobility.

In education and employment, the implementation of the National Education Policy 2020 is underway. At the school education level, flexibility in educational streams and vocational education, clubbed with a new innovation ecosystem at the ground level by expanding the Atal Tinkering Labs program is needed. For higher education, there is a need to increase laboratory facilities and encourage non-linear studies. Such open access to education, clubbed with accelerated lab-to-market processes through Virtual Incubators, must be established. Similarly, re-skilling and up-skilling training through firms or through unemployment assistance programs must be offered. This will rapidly transform the workforce and also offer social security.

In health and wellness, affordable housing in urban areas has been given a huge push to improve workers' living conditions and ensure equity. Looking forward, this can be clubbed with innovative construction technologies and integrated with a circular economy to provide a strong impetus to economic growth. The establishment of a network of Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) should be complemented with public health programmes through soft touch governance, using targeted messaging and mobilizing the youth. Universal access to basic healthcare can be achieved rapidly through e-Health projects and telemedicine. The popularity of personal health and wellness technologies can be leveraged by supporting innovation in manufacturing of low-cost solutions.

In local governance, the emphasis must be placed to using and enabling technology. Spatial planning using GIS tools and land use monitoring using geospatial data increase the efficiency and productivity of the region. Ward committees and areas should be activated with a technology-enabled 'Open Cities Framework' and the use of digital tools for feedback and reporting. In addition, the Digital Village programme must be scaled up rapidly to encourage the usage of information technology at the village level. This would include provision of citizen-centric services and increasing digital literacy through training. These changes can help achieve an engaged and active relationship between the government and the people.

In State and Central governance, the emphasis must be placed on implementing 'Minimum Government, Maximum Governance'. A major overhaul of the numerous civil services is needed and must be based on a citizen-centric framework implemented through advanced ICT systems. Administrative reforms need to be designed in the changing context of emerging technologies and the growing complexity of the economy. In addition, the scope of Swachh Bharat Mission may be expanded to cover initiatives for landfills, plastic waste and municipal waste and generating wealth from waste. This will create accessible and transparent governance.

Society today places a high value on innovative thinking primarily because it has been able to provide solutions to problems that conventional methods did not. The key insight here is that it is the utility of innovation, not the novelty that makes it so desirable. The most important challenge for New India will be to establish Sustainable Development for a Sustainable Future.

In response to the clarion call by the Honourable Prime Minister of India, it is our Sankalp that innovation and technology be leveraged consciously, to deliver a solution to this challenge for new India. This is the way. The way toward siddhi and beyond for New India@75.

The authors are Neeraj Sinha, Senior Adviser, Naman Agrawal, Senior Associate and Siddhey G Shinde, Young Professional at NITI Aayog.

Views expressed are personal.

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My Vision For India In 2047 Essay

India has come a long way since gaining independence in 1947 and becoming a republic in 1950. In 2047, it will have completed 100 years as a republic, and it is exciting to think about what the country might look like then. As a nation, we have made significant progress over the past few decades, especially at the beginning of the 2000s. It is easy to imagine that in the next 25 years and make even greater strides. Here are a few sample essays on “ My Vision For India In 2047 ”.

100 Words Essay On My Vision For India In 2047

I envision India as a global leader in 2047 in innovation and technology. With a highly educated and skilled workforce, India will be at the forefront of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, driving the development of cutting-edge technologies and solutions.

Additionally, I see India as a hub for international trade and commerce, with a thriving business environment that attracts investment from around the world. The country's diverse culture and rich history will continue to be a major draw for tourists, making it a top destination for cultural exchange and exploration.

Overall, my vision for India in 2047 is one of prosperity and progress, with a strong emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. By prioritising education, innovation, and international cooperation, India has the potential to become a beacon of hope and motivation for the world.

200 Words Essay On My Vision For India In 2047

My vision for India in 2047 is of it to be a world leader in technological innovation and sustainable development. With a population of over 1.5 billion people, we must prioritise the well-being of our citizens and the environment.

Shift To Renewable Energy | One major aspect of this vision is the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources. Solar panels and wind turbines will be common, providing clean and efficient energy for households and businesses. This shift towards clean energy will reduce our carbon footprint and create jobs and stimulate the economy.

Advanced Transportation | Another important aspect is the implementation of advanced infrastructure. High-speed trains and efficient public transportation systems will connect major cities, reducing road pollution and congestion.

Technology | Smart cities will be equipped with state-of-the-art technology to optimise resource management and enhance the quality of life for citizens.

Education Hub | In addition, I envision India as a hub for education and research. Our universities will attract top talent from around the globe, and our scientists and engineers will make groundbreaking discoveries in fields such as artificial intelligence and biotechnology.

Overall, my vision for India in 2047 is for it to be a country that is technologically advanced, environmentally conscious, and socially progressive. We will lead the way in creating a sustainable and equitable future for all.

500 Words Essay On My Vision For India In 2047

In 2047, India will be a country that will be thriving in every aspect of life. It will have successfully harnessed the power of technology, innovation, and education to transform itself into a global leader. The government will be proactive in addressing the needs of its citizens and will have implemented policies that ensure the overall well-being of the population.

Thriving Infrastructure

One of the most striking features of India in 2047 will be the rapid development of infrastructure. The country will have a well-connected network of roads, railways, and airports, making it easy for people to travel within and abroad. The government will have also invested heavily in developing smart cities, which will be equipped with state-of-the-art amenities and facilities. These cities will be designed to be energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, making them ideal places to live and work.

Accessible Healthcare

In terms of healthcare, India 2047 will be home to some of the best hospitals and medical facilities in the world. The government will have prioritised healthcare and implemented policies that make it accessible to all citizens. Many trained medical professionals, including doctors, nurses, and specialists, will work in the public and private sectors to provide top-quality care to patients.

Improved Education

Education will also be another area where India will have made significant progress. The government will have invested heavily in developing schools and universities, and there will be many highly qualified teachers and professors who will be helping to shape the minds of the next generation. A wide range of educational resources will be available to students, such as books, computers, and other technological aids, which will enhance their learning.

Thriving Economy

One of the most notable features of India in 2047 will be its thriving economy. The country will have a diverse range of industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, and services, contributing to its rapid growth. Many successful businesses will operate in the country, and the government will implement policies that encourage entrepreneurship and innovation.

Strong International Relations

In terms of international relations, India in 2047 will be a respected member of the global community. The country will have strong diplomatic ties with many countries and will be a key player in regional and international organisations. It will have also taken a leading role in addressing and tackling major global challenges, such as climate change and terrorism. It will be working closely with other nations to find solutions to these pressing issues.

Embracing Technology And Innovation

For example, in 2047, India will become a leader in renewable energy, with a significant portion of its energy needs being met through solar and wind power. The government will implement policies that encourage the use of clean energy and invest heavily in developing infrastructure to support it.

A Nation Full Of Potential

In conclusion, India in 2047 will be a country that is full of potential and will have the potential to become a global leader in the 21st century. It will be a nation that has embraced technology, innovation, and education to drive its growth and development and will be well-positioned to take on future challenges.

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Essay, Paragraph or Speech on “My Vision of India in future ” Complete Essay, Speech for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

My Vision of India in future

India is a land of amazing extremes. Here we find beautiful mountain ranges lowering above the populated valleys and forested plains in which the tiger, the trundling rhinoceros and beautiful birds live. Enchantment is everywhere be at on the shoulder of high mountain or on the terraced farm-lands meticulously carved like stairways out of the hill ridges, cascading rivulets and rushing rivers or in the forests full of wildlife, flowers and birds songs or be it on the hot sand dunes of deserts or in our lakes, rivers and seas.

India provides something for everything be it young or old, poet or painter, scholar or an artist, politician or a warrior, all take inspiration for this land. This land of combination of art which inspires and beauty which attracts millions is an eternal bliss for them.

India is an oasis of world’s different people living together. As we have stepped into the new millennium, Indian diversity in terms of its religion, language, culture etc. will always set a model for this world. We have a rich cultural heritage inherited from our ancestors. The millennium which has recently unfolded its petals has given this country a lot i.e., from a colonized to an independent country with a strong democracy and from an underdeveloped to a developing country and so on. We are proud to be the heirs of rich legacy given to us by the dedication, sacrifice and hardwork of our freedom fighters. Thus, it is the indefatigable efforts of those heroes whose heroic sacrifices have contributed to the uniqueness of India on this globe.

But after more than five decades of independence, the question that comes to one’s mind have we really made as much progress as we had dreamt of ? Though India has carved out a place on the globe but we must visualise as to what is our status in terms of economy, population, literacy, etc. how India will be visualised in the future decade i.e. by A.D. 2010 ?

Today India is on the verge of development. The fact that India has made good progress in many fields like science and technology, I.T. indigenization of machinery, satellite transmission conducting nuclear tests etc. can not be denied. But all of our efforts are in vain until and unless, we have an effective control on our rising population. Only at the dawn of this millennium we imagine the situation after a decade or so and we will be among the most popular countries of the world. Then this population explosion will have ripple effect in terms of unemployment, basic housing facilities, sanitation, food and clean drinking water. We still reel under poverty, hunger and disease how will India provide food, housing education and employment if the population clock remains unchecked by 2010 A.D. Another question emanating from the above problems will get health priority in these years ? Besides there are problems of malnutrition among children and the AIDS menace according to WHO reports about 2.0 lakh Indians were suffering from AIDS at the turn of this century and also that India may surpass Africa in HIV infection by A.D. 2010.

Yet another field of concern is primary education. India is one of the largest producers of illiterates. To achieve a good percentage of literacy is a pipe-dream. The cancer of corruption and terrorism are spreading their tentacles fast. Though it can not be denied that due to the fast pace of technological development taking place in the decade to come, more people than ever before will enjoy better quality of life in India but equally more people than ever will face the worst situation. Their quality of life is bound to deteriorate when the prevailing economic system can not cope up with even minimum needs of the people.

A Vision of Hope —As we have witnessed the five decades after independence have rolled on and another decade is in front of us. It is not that we have not achieved much anything but we could have achieved more had we used our resources in better way. For the future decade i.e. by 2010 A.D. The choice is ours either we continue to be the same people who can not come out of their old shells or learn from our mistakes in the past and thus put ourselves on the path of improvement.

The tumour of terrorism spread by Pakistan in our country, will be malignant if not solved in these years. This can only be possible if we make our economy, our defence and intelligence gathering very strong. The basic infrastructure facilities like transport, power, communication though have made a profound progress but how this can lead us to become the super power of the world is to be realised. The efforts should be made by all segments of society whether it is politicians, the bureaucrats, the doctors, the engineers. traders, teachers, scholars or a man from rural background because if India is to change everyone has to change. We all should have a vision of ‘New India’ An ‘India of our Dreams’ Thus with a firm will in our heart, focussed attention, a passionate aspiration, take our country to a garden full of progress, hopes and success.

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Very nice and also beautiful lines about future vision of India

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India @ 2030: India's journey to become $5 trillion economy will depend on the pace of reforms

Byline: Surabhi
Producer: Arnav Das Sharma

As India strives to become a $5-trillion economy by 2030, more inclusive reforms will be necessary for faster growth. The next five years are exciting for the economy—providing both fresh possibilities and new challenges

Five years is not a very long time. But neither is it too short. It’s roughly the same time span in which a teenage child transforms into an adult or certain trees take to mature and bear fruit. For democracies too, five years means new governments, new policies and economic cycles.

The same holds true for India. As the fastest-growing major economy in the world—with an estimated growth rate of more than 7% over two straight years—it has ambitions of turning into a $5-trillion economy over the next few years. But it has to address a number of challenges—from sustaining economic growth through more policy reforms, creation of adequate physical infrastructure, boosting private sector investments, meeting the health and nutritional needs of a growing population, finding adequate jobs for its workforce, and mitigating the risks of climate change.

Meanwhile, the global geopolitical landscape is in for a reset with national elections in as many as 50 countries this year. According to US-based think tank Integrity Institute, in 2024, as many as 83 elections (national or otherwise) are being held across 78 countries; this means these polls would impact the lives of nearly half the world’s population who collectively reside there. “We won’t see that many again until 2048. What also makes 2024 special is not just the number of countries but the fact that for the first time, you will have a US presidential election in the same year as elections in major countries such as India, Indonesia, Ukraine, Taiwan, Mexico, the UK, and the European Parliament,” it noted. (See graphic ‘Poll Fever’.)

What India will be in 2029 will in a large part be shaped by the next government that comes to power after the General Elections this year; the new government will lay down the key priorities for the next five years as well as the policy prescriptions that are required.

A bright spot

The India story continues to be a bright spot for the international community, which is yet to fully recover from the impact of the pandemic, as well as the two ongoing wars and the Red Sea conflict. (See graphic ‘Shining Bright’.)

According to Christian de Guzman, Senior Vice President at Moody’s Investors Service, the agency expects India to be one of the fastest-growing—if not the fastest—G20 economies over the next five years, largely based on its ability to weather the lacklustre near-term outlook for global growth due to its large consumption-based economy, boosted by the government’s efforts to improve productivity via reforms and infrastructure development. “Over the longer-term, India also stands to benefit from favourable demographics in contrast to the ageing populations in other large economies, including China. At the same time, this relatively favourable view assumes that India will sustain broad financial stability and gradual fiscal consolidation—areas that have previously weighed on the country’s potential growth and sovereign credit profile,” he says.

In a recent report, brokerage Morgan Stanley also highlighted India’s strong fundamentals. It said that the country’s nominal GDP growth will accelerate to 11.6% this year, making it the third consecutive year that India’s nominal GDP growth will be the strongest in Asia. India’s contribution to Asian and global growth will rise to 30% and 17%, respectively, up from 28% and 16% in 2023. “Over the medium term, our Chief India Economist Upasana Chachra forecasts that real GDP growth will average 6.3% until FY32,” it noted. The brokerage expects the investment to GDP ratio to rise to 33.5% by FY25, and to 36% by FY27.

Challenges ahead

However, it’s not all smooth sailing. Despite continuous efforts by successive governments, challenges remain. More reforms are needed to further improve the ease of doing business by ensuring faster regulatory clearances, say experts. The notification of the long-pending four Labour Codes, further land reforms, a national e-commerce policy as well as regulation of the digital economy are some of the pending items on the policy reform table.

Arun Singh, Global Chief Economist at research firm Dun & Bradstreet, points out that India is well on its way to becoming a $5-trillion economy. “We should now target becoming a $10-trillion economy. For this, a lot more capital and reforms are needed to bring in global investors,” he says. India still needs to improve its physical infrastructure and raise the foreign investment ceiling in various sectors as well as privatise the non-performing, non-strategic central public sector undertakings, he says.

Arun Singh Global Chief Economist Dun and Bradstreet

“Land and labour reforms also have to be taken forward. The government needs to review the administrative machinery to ensure faster clearances. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code needs to be reviewed for quicker resolutions. We need to create more formal sector jobs and improve the LFPR (labour force participation rate), especially with regard to the female workforce. More MSMEs have to be brought into the formal economy,” says Singh, adding that some of these reforms are structural in nature and could take longer than five years.

According to de Guzman of Moody’s, challenges to the economy include its significant exposure to environmental and social risks. In particular, the relatively large share of the labour force involved in agriculture renders the broader economy susceptible to climate shocks, such as irregular monsoons, flooding, as well as heat and water stress, he says. Low and unevenly distributed incomes, as well as unequal access to high-quality education and other basic services, could also impair progress towards sustaining high growth over the medium- to long term, if not addressed.

“Moreover, India’s investment climate and regulatory quality-while having shown significant improvement over the past decade-remain weak when compared to many of its emerging market peers, although gains in addressing other shortcomings such as poor infrastructure have contributed to the resilience of growth in recent years,” says de Guzman.

India is hoping to significantly raise the share of manufacturing in GDP in the coming years from about 17% at present to 25% in the coming years. Efforts are already underway and some headway seems to have been made through measures such as production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme for 14 sectors. The scheme is yet to fully take off with just Rs 4,415 crore of incentives disbursed and Rs 1.03 lakh crore of investments. Physical infrastructure-in terms of both capacity addition and modernisation as well as new projects-is also a key focus area with a budgeted capex of Rs 10 lakh crore this fiscal.

As many as 248.2 million people have moved out of multidimensional poverty in the nine years to 2022-23, according to a recent NITI Aayog report. However, ensuring adequate social infrastructure-healthcare and education-will remain a key priority for the government as well as further bridging the financial inclusion divide by providing not only banking services, but also adequate credit investment and insurance options to the bottom of the pyramid. Sustainability and green energy are two other areas the government will have to focus on to ensure that India remains ahead in emerging technologies such as green hydrogen. Plus, there are also challenges from emerging digital technologies in the field of AI and machine learning.

The following pages delve into some of these themes to identify and chart out an agenda and aspiration of what India at 2029 should and can be. One thing is for sure: it will be one interesting journey.

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India’s Next Decade: Some Predictions, Some Speculations

Most of our debates focus on the here and now: issues such as the Covid-19 challenges, border disputes with China, the Agriculture Bills, phone hacking by Pegasus, or the banking sector’s continued bad debt crisis. However, the most important challenges – as well as the most promising opportunities – are what economists call “beyond the horizon” problems. Thanks to our evolution from the reptilian brain and our hardwired survival instinct, we systematically overestimate the magnitude of current challenges and underestimate the challenges that are far away.

This year is the thirtieth anniversary of India’s much vaunted economic reforms. Much has changed since then. In the early decades of independence, India had internalised poverty. In debates whether subsidies or infrastructure should be government priority, because of resource constraints and the zero sum nature of the expenditures, often-times subsidies got priority and long term investments lagged. The “Hindu rate of growth”, which translated to 1.3% per capita growth came to define India’s post-independence performance in early decades, (see Virmani, (2004)) [1] . Today’s India – in its reality and in its aspirations – is dramatically different. Ralph Waldo Emerson famously said: “The years teach much which the days never know.” My corollary: the years hide stories that only decades can tell.

This essay will attempt to look a decade ahead. I will cover a broad range of issues that I believe can be game changers for our country. Navigating these will require not just sound rational analysis, but also political will. And even more, it will require a preparation of society’s diverse constituents. Taken together, these will propel us forward. As we dwell on the decade ahead, it will be useful to recall Abraham Lincoln’s prophetic insight: “The best way to predict your future is to create it.”

1. Operating Leverage of the Indian Consumer Will Be a Potent Force

While there will be inevitable swings in economic conditions, there is a strong unidirectional tailwind that is extremely favourable. I call it the operating leverage of the Indian consumer. For a majority of Indians, out of every Rs 100 of annual income, Rs 80 gets spent on day to day expenses. Only the remaining Rs 20 is discretionary income. If Indian nominal wage growth is 9% [2 ] , which is what the average has been, and if one deducts 4% inflation from this, the real wage growth would be 5%. In real terms, median income increases to Rs 105 annually. However, the median discretionary income goes from Rs 20 to Rs 25; that’s an increase of 25%. We have millions of Indians crossing this threshold, where they have nominal wage growth in the 8-10% range, but in real terms, their discretionary income is growing at 20%.

Business cycles can subdue this trend only somewhat over the short term. Over the medium term, and certainly over the long term, this trend will stay on course. The results of this are quite profound. Here’s a sample: Private general insurers have grown 18.5% and health insurers 21.2% in the decade of 2010-2020 [3] , on the back of increasing market penetration and shift of market share from public sector companies to private insurers because of better quality of their services. Barring the Covid-19 disruption, advertising growth—a direct consumer proxy—has tracked 12% annualised growth over the past decade [4] . Consumer durables have witnessed a 20% growth from 2012-2020. Company-specific numbers show similar trends: Telecom company Jio has grown its wireless subscribers from 186.6 million in end 2017-2018 to 387.5 million at the end of 2019-2020 [5] and its aggressive pricing has made India’s data consumption 11.96GB per subscriber per month on average in 2020 (TRAI, 2020), not just the highest in the world but more than 2x that of the US levels. In the past 20 years, electrical goods company Havells has increased its revenues almost 100x and its profits more than 300x, and as investors have come to realise its potential, its market cap has jumped 6,000x since its listing in 1994. (Just as a fun comparison, since Amazon’s IPO in 1997, its market cap is up 4,000x till date, making Jeff Bezos the richest man in the world.) All of this has one common theme: the Indian consumer. While there is some criticism that Indian purchasing power is limited, effectively, consumer markets are smaller than what top-down analysis shows, and market segments are saturating fast, and my own sense is that there is plenty of headroom. 2030 will see more of the above.

In the top ten industries producing India’s billionaires, the two largest contributors are information technology and pharmaceuticals, both of which are primarily global-contracting sectors.

The mix of India’s billionaires points to the consumer boom. Historically, as domestic markets have been small, exporters have been the darlings of industry. In the top ten industries producing India’s billionaires, the two largest contributors are information technology and pharmaceuticals, both of which are primarily global-contracting sectors. Most of the rest are consumer goods and related sectors: fast moving consumer goods, automotive, food and beverages, textiles and apparel. And in a divergence from its Asian peers, in India, real estate ranks 10 th and infrastructure does not feature on the list at all.

This consumer-centric gravitational pull that one sees in legacy businesses also holds true in the world of disruption. Low penetration levels in most market segments have opened the opportunity for entrepreneurs to launch new products and brands, in online, offline and omni-channel modes. India today has 100 unicorns [6] , and added 3 a month in 2021 [7] . A report by Praxis Global Alliance(2021) is optimistic that India currently has 190 “Soonicorns” which are likely to graduate to Unicorn status by 2025. Fintech happens to be the largest generator of unicorns, followed by retail, online classifieds and travel, education and food, content and gaming. The time taken to reach unicorn-status has shrunk from an average of 7.4 years in 2010 to 2.4 years now, and based on the current trend lines, one can expect 250 unicorns by 2030. My prediction: powered by the domestic consumption boom, the most sought after jobs in 2030 will not be Unilever or Goldman Sachs, which have traditionally ruled Day 1 in top-tier campus recruitments, but in yet to be born, bootstrapped, adrenaline-driven, Unicorn-aspirant startups.

In the consumer sphere, two contra-trends are simultaneously true. New, but traditionally-driven consumer brands continue to create extraordinary wealth. Just look at Vini Cosmetics which makes the Fogg brand of deodorant. Or Pulse in the candy business, started by a true-blooded traditional paan masala company. Or Biba in women’s apparel, Fab India in handwoven garments and home furnishings, Forest Essentials in Ayurveda based skin care, MDH in spices, Veeba in sauces. The list is endless. At the same time, in category after category, digitally native brands are making their mark. Boat’s headphones are a rage with the 20-something crowd. Mama Earth’s skincare products have caught the imagination of young women. Licious found a white space in the meat industry and is attempting to create a direct-to-consumer brand in an otherwise disorganised sector. Country Delight, with its deep supply chains, is disrupting the dairy industry. Pharmeasy, a company we are shareholders in, has built India’s largest online pharmacy, became a Unicorn last year, and is planning an IPO pegged at a $5-6 billion valuation.

India’s disposable income led consumer boom is going to have profound changes in the financial markets as well. Currently as on 30 th Sep 2021, the top seven sectors constituting the Nifty 50 stock market index are financial services (37.23% weightage), information technology (17.41%), oil and gas (12.30%), consumer goods (11.11%), automobile (4.71%), pharma (3.39%), and construction (2.69%) [8] . By 2030, there will be large changes in this composition as the Indian economy evolves. Financial services and oil and gas will reduce their weightage, and consumer goods will clearly gain. A few months ago, Tata Consumer Products replaced Gas Authority of India Limited in the index. And there’s talk that retailer DMart and consumer internet behemoth InfoEdge will soon be included in the index as well. Such changes will affect how India’s savings are eventually invested, creating a positive feedback loop. In more ways than one, this will be the decade of the Indian consumer!

2. Structural Roadblocks and Constraints Will Continue

Offsetting the secular trend of disproportionate increase in disposable income driving consumption-led-growth, there are several challenges that we cannot wish away as a society. We cannot expect government leaders to solve them in the course of the next decade, though we can expect they can be moderated to some degree.

India’s growth will be distorted by the differentials in economic activity in the West and the South as compared to the North and the East.

India’s growth will be distorted by the differentials in economic activity in the West and the South as compared to the North and the East. Already, on average, India’s southern and western states have been growing materially faster than their northern and eastern peers. By 2019, the three richest states in India on an absolute GDP basis were Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Then came Uttar Pradesh. When one considers that Uttar Pradesh’s population is 3x that of Gujarat and its economy is similar in size to Gujarat, the story becomes shocking [9] . Per capita income of Gujarat, on the basis of Net State Domestic Product is 3x more than that of UP. Here are some more counter-intuitive statistics: Goa, India’s richest state on a per capita basis is more than 10x richer than Bihar, India’s poorest. Punjab, long considered India’s rich state, currently has a smaller GDP than the split-up states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana individually; even on a per capita basis, it ranks much below Telangana and is neck-to-neck with Andhra Pradesh. Indeed, the future comes slowly, and then suddenly.

This would have at least three implications: Given the vastly different levels of prosperity, it would be difficult to get India’s 4817 legislators – the total number of members of parliament and of the various legislative assemblies – to reach common ground on the way forward for India. Moreover, if one adds the cultural and language differences between the rich and the poor states, the electorate would likely turn inward. The prosperous middle class in, say Tamil Nadu, would wonder why their tax monies are being spent to subsidise the inefficiencies of the masses of Uttar Pradesh. The urban crowds of Bangalore or Pune—fearing risks of squalor and crime—may not take too kindly to the rush of poor migrants from Bihar. Such fault lines have been seen in China and Korea, though these countries created high quality jobs in manufacturing, which is less true in India, and given the linguistic differences, managing these will be a fine art at all levels of the administration.

In the run up to 2030, India’s leaders will have to address the skewed nature of India’s development and will have to counter two fundamental questions, both of which have no correct answer.

India has lifted 271 million people out of poverty in the last decade (between 2006 and 2016) [10] , as per the United Nations Development Programme’s 2019 Multidimensional Poverty Index. This number is sometimes contested because of inaccuracies and lags in Indian economic data. Nonetheless, India’s extraordinary feat in tackling poverty hides many inconsistencies, as has been pointed out by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen and economist Jean Dreze in their earlier book “An Uncertain Glory”. Gender, caste and geographical disparities haunt India’s poor. Like elsewhere in the world, rising inequality is an issue in India. India’s Gini Coefficient – a standard measure of income inequality – is already worrying, especially given our stage of development. However, this picture of inequality is very different from western experience in the past decade, where standards of living for large sections of society have declined as compared to that of their parents. In India and in most developing countries, absolute gains have been across the board, even though uneven.

In the run up to 2030, India’s leaders will have to address the skewed nature of India’s development and will have to counter two fundamental questions, both of which have no correct answer. One is philosophical. The contradiction between liberty and equality – highlighted in Will Durant’s remarkable book “The Lessons of History” – will need to be addressed. The other is political. In a famous interaction between former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and an un-named Chinese minister on the Chinese reform programme, when asked whether it would lead to greater inequality in China, the Chinese minister replied “We would certainly hope so.” Ideologically, I consider myself the right fringe of the left-movement, and would suggest that each one of us, not just political leaders or policy wonks, take a hard, holistic and pragmatic look at this question. 2030 is waiting for our answer.

3. Smart Policy Solutions and a Sense of Ownership Will Be Important

My generation has been fortunate that we started our work life in the aftermath of the 1991 reforms. India’s growth rate quickly got reset to an upward trajectory. As India shed its socialist leanings and internalised the dynamism of free markets, the very definition of the ideological centre in the left-right economic dialogues moved decidedly towards the right. This trajectory has continued under governments of all hues and has been accelerated in the recent policy announcements. Indeed, the debates from thirty years ago seem archaic.

As India shed its socialist leanings and internalised the dynamism of free markets, the very definition of the ideological centre in the left-right economic dialogues moved decidedly towards the right.

As businessmen, we need to benchmark what our economic expectations are. First, we need to anchor it to the reality of the country. Economic theory tells us that growth is investment rate divided by incremental capital output ratio. Both are sticky numbers. India’s investment rate for long stretches has hovered around 30% [11] . The investment rate is strongly correlated to India’s savings rate, which in turn is partly cultural and partly determined by the dependency ratio. Because of our high dependency ratio, our savings rate in the 1960s was almost half of what it is currently. As our savings rate doubled, so did our growth. India’s incremental capital output ratio is about 4 and is inching upwards. Therefore, India’s fighting weight in terms of economic growth is in the range of 7-7.5% and this is what it should strive for.

Second, we have to think probabilistically. We have to imagine scenarios and work with possibilities rather than a deterministic path. India’s growth will fluctuate around this number, and we should not get ecstatic if it goes to 9% briefly or collapses to 4.5% periodically. Both have happened and have invited extreme views. As India’s investment rate has circumstantially fluctuated, we have seen its effect on the GDP figures, most of which is short-lived. To borrow from Rudyard Kipling, we have to learn to meet with Triumph and Disaster, and treat those two impostors just the same!

Third, superficial comparisons with other countries are misleading. For instance, an oft-asked question in business circles is how China managed a spectacular growth rate of 10% for almost two decades. Here’s the answer: In most of that period, China’s savings rate was 45% and its incremental capital output ratio was about 5. The math was simple. Years of sub-par investments fuelled by a debt binge increased the incremental capital output ratio to 7 or more [12] . Growth fell at 6.5%. The magic ended. One should not consider this a failure, but a somewhat natural outcome of the economy maturing.

Fourth, India’s favourable demographic window will create what Charlie Munger calls the “Lollapalooza” effect. Berkshire Hathaway Vice Chairman Charlie Munger coined the term to outline how multiple different tendencies and mental models combine to act in the same direction. Low dependency ratios will fuel a self-reinforcing cycle of savings, investments and growth. A bulge in working age population, which started in 2018 and is expected to last till 2050 [13] , can help turbocharge growth, as happened with many Asian countries in the late 20 th century, which saw near-double digit economic growth for decades. To borrow from astrology, India’s stars are rightly aligned.

If one stays with India’s natural fighting weight in terms of economic growth, in the short to medium term, good governance can change the number by 1%.

Governments matter. In some ways, more than we think. In other ways, less than we think. In the early 1990s, 40.85% [14] of Uttar Pradesh’s population and 22.19% of the combined Andhra Pradesh was below the poverty line. Both were near the bottom of the league tables. Twenty years later in 2011-12, Uttar Pradesh’s poverty rate was 29.43% [15] , while Andhra Pradesh had managed to reduce it to 9.20%. Political entrepreneurship clearly works. On the other hand, in the near term global macro and economic cycles matter more than governance. If one stays with India’s natural fighting weight in terms of economic growth, in the short to medium term, good governance can change the number by 1%. Global conditions—trade barriers, commodity prices, interest rates—can change this by a larger factor. In the long term, as macro-forces cancel each other, global macro goes into the background. What’s left is governance. People often tend to misattribute credit and blame. Political and election cycles, the recurring hum of central government or some state government elections, amplify this trend. So, one request, my friends: don’t focus on 2022 or even 2025, but on 2030!

Optimism is warranted. Here’s a surprising fact from the World Bank: Their “Lived Change Index” uses lifetime per capita GDP to track how much economic change a population has experienced [16] . Over the past three decades, China is an outlier, having delivered 31x, with runner up Poland at 9x, and India comes in 6 th at 5x, ahead of Singapore, Malaysia and Brazil. India needs to continue to play the long game well.

An ascending India of 2030 will act in a versatile manner, have foresight and will shape the global agenda.

At the same time, speed will be of essence. Consider the following world events: coup in Myanmar, power crisis in Texas, Australia vs Facebook, Bitcoin hit $50,000, China banned BBC, NASA landed on Mars, India sent vaccines to many countries, global drop in Covid cases, first US airstrike under Biden. As data researcher Norbert Elekes pointed out, all of these happened in the single month of February 2021. Given this accelerating pace of world events, an ascending India of 2030 will act in a versatile manner, have foresight and will shape the global agenda.

4. The Action Will Be at the Intersection of Politics and Economics

The adage “The economy is too important to be left to economists” is often attributed to Winston Churchill but here I am referring to the seminal book by Robert Reich, well known UC Berkeley academic and former Labour Secretary in the Clinton Administration. He wrote passionately about the role of government in the era of late stage capitalism that we are in. South Korea’s “Miracle on the Han River”, from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, is considered unprecedented in the history of the world, and was led by its outward looking government. China’s transformation was anchored by Deng Xiaoping’s “To be rich is glorious” moment in the late 1970s. Germany, Mexico, Czech Republic, all had similar political champions.

In India, as political power devolves from the centre to the states, governance will become a deeper determinant of success.

In India, as political power devolves from the centre to the states, governance will become a deeper determinant of success. Whether it is managing the government’s precarious finances or streamlining the maze of direct and indirect taxation, whether it is solving the accumulated problems of bad loans on the books of India’s banks or bringing real long-term interest rates down from the high 5% that has haunted Indian business, whether it is navigating the world of trade agreements or strategising as multinationals ponder over their China+1 plans, whether it is tackling head on India’s poor social indicators or upgrading India’s state capacity, whether it is advancing India’s geopolitical standing or optimising India’s privatisation programme, whether it is tech-sector regulation or accelerating action on India’s legal backlog of 45 million cases [17] , whether it is catching up on India’s infrastructure needs or solving India’s agricultural inefficiencies, the winning formula will reside at the intersection of politics and economics. Economics will provide the logic, politics will provide the leeway.

India’s demographics is both a boon and a bane. India’s window of opportunity is perhaps the next decade and a half.

India’s demographics is both a boon and a bane. India’s window of opportunity is perhaps the next decade and a half. The over-65 population is projected to overtake the under-five group between 2025 and 2030. “India Ageing Report 2017” by the United Nations Population Fund says the share of population over the age of 60 would increase from 8% in 2015 to 19% in 2050. All this will reverse the trend of declining dependency ratios, hurt the savings-investment-growth dynamic, and moderate India’s economic growth rates. I read a tweet recently, which reflected the sentiments of Middle America: “The lifestyle you ordered is out of stock,” This would likely play out in India as well. With the build up of aspirations on one side and the weight of demographic reversals on the other side, tensions will surely mount.

Political leaders will have to lead with a singular focus and follow Jim Collins’ management advice regarding leadership in a world of complexity and uncertainty: “Instead of being oppressed by the “Tyranny of the Or”, highly visionary companies liberate themselves with the “Genius of the And”— the ability to embrace both extremes of a number of dimensions at the same time.” For Vision 2030 and beyond, boxes are out, fluidity is in.

Policy adventurism has long tails. For instance, recent news reports [18] , though contested [19] , show how government finances have been hurt by the oil bonds of the 2005-10 period, which were issued by the government to oil marketing companies to compensate for under-recoveries resulting from rise in crude prices which they were not allowed to pass on to consumers and industry. These, estimated between $10 to $18 billion, is now coming due, starting from late 2021 through to 2026. Such exercises of creative management of the Union Budget have added up to make government finances precarious and are effectively making taxpayers today pay for subsidies handed out to consumers more than a decade ago. In most such cases, politics wins, economics loses. Hard headed economics needs to be brought centre-stage.

In the near term, while the seductive appeal of nationalism, populism and protectionism will prevail, ultimately the pendulum will swing towards global integration, and our own historical experience of being an autarky will probably make us a champion of free markets and globalisation as this decade comes to an end.

Political polarisation would also likely have economic solutions. In a very timely essay in The American Purpose, Steven Feldstein (2021), a Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment, spoke about the risks of technologically driven echo chambers and safe havens: “There is a risk that democracies will fracture even further, into “splinternets,” unable to coordinate norms and standards.” Such risks are even more stark in India because of its multidimensional diversity. A singular focus on tangible prosperity can channelise the narrative. In the near term, while the seductive appeal of nationalism, populism and protectionism will prevail, ultimately the pendulum will swing towards global integration, and our own historical experience of being an autarky will probably make us a champion of free markets and globalisation as this decade comes to an end. And importantly, India has been conditioned to look West. Much of the action now is in the East and as India cracks the East Asian trade networks, the rewards are likely to be disproportionate.

As the world moves from bilateralism to multilateralism, alignments will be more issue based and tactical, giving Middle Powers like India new abilities to shape the world.

The Lowy Asia Power Index (2020) ranks countries based on eight criteria: economic capability, military capability, resilience, future resources, economic relationships, defence networks, diplomatic relations and cultural influence. Directly or indirectly, all of these factors are a confluence of political and economic forces. In the 2020 survey, India ranked 4th, after the United States, China and Japan. By 2030, India could easily come 3rd, if not 2nd. Geopolitically, India will have an opening: As the world moves from bilateralism to multilateralism, alignments will be more issue based and tactical, giving Middle Powers like India new abilities to shape the world. However, capitalising on it, will require an integrated worldview, the core of which will be India’s economic strength, aided and abetted by political craftsmanship, the deep roots of the Indian diaspora, and India’s near-natural status to be a counterweight to China.

The shortest poem in the world – Me, We – was recited by heavyweight boxing champ Muhammad Ali at the Harvard Commencement in 1975. It signified the paradox of self-confidence and deference to the community. The decade leading to 2030 will need Indian leaders to recite such poetry.

5. Conclusion: To Win, Practice Cathedral Thinking

The economic prize of 2030 may not seem that attractive at first glance. According to the World Economic League Tables (2021), India’s GDP in 2030 will be $6.2 trillion, translating to $4185 on a per capita basis. However, on a PPP basis, this would be at least 3x more, comparable to Indonesia, South Africa or Peru today. As a society we should endeavour to beat this base case. Getting there will require Cathedral Thinking.

Cathedral Thinking refers to long-term, visionary work that could take generations to complete. Much like building a massive cathedral, those who lay the first stones won’t be there to savour the finished product. Yet each worker is driven to make a meaningful contribution to something that will be enjoyed by future generations, who they’ll never meet. That is the long-range vision leaders need if India has to reach its true potential.

For those who think that a nation’s economic fate is determined by geography or culture, Daron Acemoglu and Jim Robinson (2012) have bad news. In their remarkable book, “Why Nations Fail”, they go through two thousand years of political and economic history, and conclude that it’s man-made institutions, not resources or endowments or the contingencies of history, that are the prime determinants of whether a country is rich or poor. India’s institutions need to be reset for the new era of global competition.

India of 2030 will look very different from an institutional setting and that will perhaps be the core driver of all the surface changes that we will encounter.

A few things stand out. India’s institutions are typically forced to cater to a range of conflicting demands. Regulators often play catch up with market realities. Many government policies have a crisis as a frame of reference. And lastly, in India’s defining moments, individual heroism trumps institutional initiatives. India of 2030 will look very different from an institutional setting and that will perhaps be the core driver of all the surface changes that we will encounter.

Success – amongst people, businesses, countries – is not a result of more good luck, less bad luck, bigger spikes of luck, or better timing of luck. Instead, they make more of their luck than others. The current decade is a time to maximise our return on luck!

256 Network & Praxis Global Alliance. (2021). Turning Ideas to Gold. Retrieved from url:https://www.praxisga.com/reports-and-publications/financial-investors-group/report-turning-ideas-to-gold

Acemoglu, D. & Robinson, J.A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. New York: Crown Publishers, Random House.

Collins, J. & Porras, J.I. (1994). Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies. United States: Harper Business. ISBN 0-060-56610-8

Dreze, J. & Sen, A. (2013). An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Durant, W. & Durant, A. (1968). The Lessons of History. Simon & Schuster.

Feldstein, S. (2021). Can Democracy Survive the “Splinternet?”. American Purpose. Retrieved from url: https://www.americanpurpose.com/articles/can-democracy-survive-the-splinternet/

India Ageing Report (2017). Caring for Our Elders: Early Responses, available at https://india.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/India%20Ageing%20Report%20-%202017%20%28Final%20Version%29.pdf

Lowy Institute Asia Power Index. (2020). Lowy Institute. Retrieved from: https://power.lowyinstitute.org/

Pitch Madison Advertising Report 2019. Retrieved from url: https://www.exchange4media.com/PMAR19-Final.pdf

Press Trust of India. (September 2, 2021). ‘India added three ‘unicorns’ per month in 2021: Hurun report’. Business Standard.

Reliance Industries Limited Integrated Annual Report 2019-2020. https://www.ril.com/getattachment/299caec5-2e8a-43b7-8f70-d633a150d07e/AnnualReport_2019-20.aspx

Reserve Bank of India Bulletin. August 2021. Volume LXXV Number 8. Retrieved from url: https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Bulletin/PDFs/0BULLETINAUG2021767F2556D32A4061B0AC0EE3C54C1208.PDF

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. (2020). The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators, July-September 2020. New Delhi. Retrieved from url: https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/QPIR_21012021_0.pdf

United Nations Development Programme. (2019). The 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). United Nations Development Programme and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Retrieved from url: http://hdr.undp.org/en/2019-MPI

United Nations Population Fund 2017. ‘Caring for Our Elders: Early Responses’ – India Ageing Report – 2017. New Delhi, India: UNFPA. Retrieved from url: https://india.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/India%20Ageing%20Report%20-%202017%20%28Final%20Version%29.pdf

Virmani, A., 2004. India’s economic growth: From socialist rate of growth to Bharatiya rate of growth, (No. 122). ICRIER Working Paper.

WORLD ECONOMIC LEAGUE TABLE (2021). Available at https://cebr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/WELT-2021-final-23.12.pdf

Zac Dycthwald. (2021). China’s New Innovation Advantage. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from url: https://hbr.org/2021/05/chinas-new-innovation-advantage

[1] See https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/redefining-the-hindu-rate-of-growth/104268/

[2] https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/at-92-salary-growth-in-india-is-highest-in-asia/article30462524.ece

[3] See data from Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India

[4] See Pitch Madison Advertising Report 2019 available here https://www.exchange4media.com/PMAR19-Final.pdf

[5] Reliance Industries Limited Annual Report 2019-20, page 4

[6] See 100 Unicorns: India’s changing corporate strategy, India Market Strategy, Credit Suisse, March 10, 2021. Quoted in RBI Bulletin, August 2021.

[7] https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/india-added-three-unicorns-per-month-in-2021-hurun-report-121090200848_1.html

[8] https://www1.nseindia.com/content/indices/ind_nifty50.pdf

[9] Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

[10] https://gdc.unicef.org/resource/report-india-lifted-271-million-people-out-poverty-decade

[11] India’s investment rate as a percentage of GDP has fluctuated between 20% and 35%. With increase in NPAs this has been pulled down. However, the government has been prompt in taking strong actions by the Asset Quality Review followed by the introduction of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. These should bring back the NPAs to reasonable levels and kickstart the credit cycle.

[12] https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2019/01/22/joyless-growth-in-china-india-and-the-united-states/

[13] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/age-dependency-ratio-projected-to-2100

[14] https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=18810

[15] https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=18810

[16] https://hbr.org/2021/05/chinas-new-innovation-advantage

[17] https://www.news18.com/news/explainers/explained-cji-ramana-says-4-5-crore-cases-pending-heres-what-has-been-fuelling-backlog-3977411.html

[18] https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-oil-bonds-upa-launched-why-how-much-and-what-nda-argues-7458773/

[19] https://scroll.in/article/894559/fact-check-have-upa-era-oil-bonds-prevented-modi-government-from-reducing-oil-prices

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Lydia Polgreen

India Keeps Its Glorious, Messy Tradition Alive

A photograph of several women in bright clothing standing in line in front of a yellow building.

By Lydia Polgreen

Opinion Columnist

Back in January, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India looked all but unstoppable, he visited the small city of Ayodhya for the unofficial start of his campaign to win a third term. The location was freighted with symbolism. For decades, Hindu nationalists had sought to build a temple in Ayodhya, at a spot they believe to be the birthplace of the Hindu god Ram. The only problem was that there was already a house of worship on the spot, a mosque built by a Mughal emperor in 1528. A Hindu mob had dismantled the mosque in 1992, setting off riots that killed 2,000 people, most of them Muslims. The ruins were a flashpoint of religious tensions in India for decades.

Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party promised to build the temple, and the lavish event at which Modi officially opened it was a showcase for that achievement. At the time it seemed like strong election-year messaging for a politician who built his career on the twin planks of Hindu nationalism and building a muscular new India. Unlike other politicians, the event implied, Modi made promises and kept them.

“It is the beginning of a new era,” he declared .

Feeling supremely confident, Modi had boldly asked the Indian electorate for something akin to a blank check to remake the country — control of 400 seats in Parliament in elections that began in April and concluded on June 1. And why shouldn’t he have been confident? India’s economy was the fastest-growing in the world. India had overtaken China as the world’s most-populous country. World leaders sought Modi’s support on issues ranging from the war in Ukraine to the climate crisis, cementing India’s ascent in global affairs.

But the ever unpredictable electorate of the world’s largest democracy responded to Modi’s demand for still more power resolutely: No thanks.

In a stunning rebuke, election results released on Tuesday showed that India’s voters have reduced the parliamentary share of Modi’s party by more than 60 seats , not enough for an outright majority, never mind the supermajority he had sought.

It struck me as particularly apt that despite all the fanfare about the glorious new temple in Ayodhya, Modi’s party lost the city’s parliamentary seat to a political opposition that had been all but left for dead.

There appears to be a clear ceiling to the appeals to Hindu identity on its own. “We are very happy with the temple but people were fed up with the B.J.P.,” a local business leader, Rakesh Yadav, told Reuters . “People will not always fall for the caste or temple-mosque politics. They also want to see development.”

This is a big year for democracy, almost a referendum of sorts on the very idea. Dozens of countries are holding elections, representing roughly half of the world’s population. But authoritarianism has been on the march. The latest report from Freedom House found that by many measures, global freedom has declined for the 18th straight year.

India, despite its status as the world’s most-populous democracy, has been a poster child for this decline under Modi: His government has taken aim at just about every form of freedom. He has attacked and grievously weakened the independence of India’s once boisterous press. He has jailed critics and political opponents. He has sharpened religious animosity, referring during this campaign to Muslims, who make up 14 percent of India’s population, as “infiltrators” who seek to steal wealth and power from the Hindu majority. It’s an Indian edition of the nationalist, populist playbook playing out around the world.

That a newly unified opposition managed to prevent Modi’s party from winning an outright majority under these conditions took everyone, including me, by surprise. And it suggests that even when would-be authoritarians attempt to tilt the playing field, voters can and will state their will, no matter the autocrat’s preferences.

“The B.J.P. had positioned itself as a new hegemonic power,” Yamini Aiyar, a scholar and analyst of Indian democracy who has been a frequent target of Hindu nationalist rage, told me. “The beauty of an election is that politicians have to go to the people, and the people get an opportunity to express their anxieties and their perspectives.”

Express them they did.

Looking back, the weakness of the B.J.P.’s re-election case is clear: Yes, India’s economy was growing fast. But despite the flashy new infrastructure projects and deals to increase high-tech manufacturing, the growth was not creating nearly enough jobs , and inflation remained stubbornly high , especially for food, which hits the poorest hardest. Much of the wealth generated by growth has gone to India’s richest tycoons , and inequality has soared.

“The reality is that the real economy has been hurting for a very long time and they have systematically sought to ignore it,” Aiyar said.

India has managed to lift millions of people out of poverty since Modi came to power 10 years ago, but particularly in rural areas, where most Indians live, that has meant social welfare rather than jobs.

There were other issues too — Modi’s allies had floated the idea of changing India’s Constitution in various ways, including removing its commitment to secularism and enshrining Hinduism as the national faith. These kinds of appeals have helped the B.J.P. in the past but seem to have had less power this time around. One clear sign was its heavy losses in Uttar Pradesh, which is not just India’s most populous state; it is also part of the heavily Hindu heartland of northern India.

It also seems that the opposition may finally have gotten its act together. India’s main opposition party, the Indian National Congress, has been in decline for years and had struggled to make common cause with other opposition parties in previous elections. But this year they managed to make a much stronger coalition and focused on kitchen-table issues and highlighted the Modi government’s ties to big business and high-flying billionaires.

The opposition didn’t shy away from making the stakes for Indian democracy clear. But the relentless focus on what voters said mattered most offers lessons for those battling revanchist movements elsewhere, including the United States. Sometimes you need to meet voters where they are.

This vote wasn’t a total rebuke of Modi and his policies. He is all but certain to get his third term as prime minister by making a coalition with allied parties. But it is a clear and salutary check on his authoritarian project.

This election is also a rebuke of Indian elites — in business and media especially — who had willingly surrendered to a kind of inevitability of Modi’s long-term consolidation of power, making peace with it or even celebrating it. Activists, analysts and journalists who had the temerity to speak plainly about Modi’s revanchist project, the threat he posed to the world’s biggest democracy and its long history of tolerance, secularism and free speech have been hounded out of public life. I hope that this troubling slide ends now.

As the results rolled in on Tuesday, I remembered my own reporting trip to Ayodhya in 2009, when I was a correspondent for The Times based in India. An explosive new government report had just been issued about the destruction of the mosque and the role of Hindu nationalist groups in stirring up violence.

But when I got there, I was surprised to find that on the hotly contested spot itself there was hardly any hoopla. The crowds of Hindu nationalist volunteers who for years had routinely shown up to build the temple with their bare hands had disappeared. India was going through a period of hopeful prosperity. Voters had just returned the Indian National Congress party and its allies to power with a larger majority, and a brilliant, teetotaling economist named Manmohan Singh was prime minister. With the future looking so alluring, no one seemed all that interested in litigating the past.

These hopes were ultimately dashed amid scandals over political corruption and mismanagement. The Congress party, which once seemed unstoppable, lost power in 2014 for failing to deliver on its promise to bring India to its long-awaited place among the world’s richest and most powerful nations.

The years ahead will, with any luck, be ones of negotiation and compromise. This will be a return to form for India, a vastly diverse nation whose unruly polity has resisted autocracy at every turn since it shrugged off British colonial rule in 1947. The whole world should breathe a sigh of relief that India’s voters have spoken, loudly, in favor of continuing that glorious, messy tradition.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

Lydia Polgreen is an Opinion columnist and a co-host of the “ Matter of Opinion ” podcast for The Times.

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