universal health care essay thesis

Persuasive Essay Example: Universal Healthcare

Many countries offer universal healthcare however in the United States many pay for medical health insurance. For many years people in the United States have struggled to pay for medical insurance. Traditionally, the cost for everything was low and people were able to afford things such as medical insurance and the cost of living. With the rise on prices such as food and the cost of living many people must struggle to pay for medical insurance, people have debt and people are not enjoying life. With free universal healthcare people will have less medical debt, people can enjoy life and people can save money.  Free Universal Healthcare is better than private health care because people will have less medical debt, there will be healthier happy people, and the U.S. can work with other countries on making a system that works better for future generation.

Universal health care is a better option for everyone because it is less medical debt for people who cannot afford medical insurance. The healthcare costs in the US have been rising at a very fast rate during the last two decades. One of the causes for the rising costs is unpaid medical bills (Donghui, Zurada, and Jian 2014).  Another key concern regarding medical debt is Recovering bad debt has become a serious matter and may even result in hospitals suing patients (Donghui, et al., 2014). Universal healthcare can eliminate many medical debt and people can focus on living stress free without the worry about working just to pay medical debt. With universal healthcare people can focus on staying healthy without the medical debt. 

Moreover, Universal healthcare can lead to a healthier population. According to Zeiff, Kerr, Moore, and Stoner. (2020) The downside of universal healthcare incorporates people to pay first before receiving the care and the plan did not account for something. On the other hand, Universal healthcare may lead to a healthier population and in the future, it can help alleviate the economic cost from a population who is unhealthy. Another key is Universal healthcare will better facilitate and encourage sustainable, preventive health practices and be more advantageous for the long-term public health and economy of the United States Zeiff, Kerr, Moore, and Stoner. (2020). People can benefit when having universal healthcare. With universal healthcare and a better understanding people can have a healthier population. With Universal healthcare, the country will have more healthy people, in the future it can help the country with better economy and with more research it can help generations to come.

Again, understanding other countries when using universal healthcare can be beneficial for everyone in the United States. Nayu et. al. (2011) Found that People in Japan have a longer life expectancy at birth in the world. Japan's success in terms of the increased life expectancy of its population is unlikely to have resulted solely from the achievement of good access to health care. Instead, other cultural background factors might be involved (Nayu et. al., 2011).  Continuing to do research and learning from other countries can help better understand what is best for everyone. Because some countries have Universal health care, we can study on what works for them, how can we improve for generations to come and what can we learn from other counties in perspective of their healthcare system.

Lastly, many experts believe that with universal healthcare the United stated will have a healthier population. With Universal Healthcare people will accumulate less debt, save money for any emergency, and we can learn from other countries making a better healthcare for future generations. With universal healthcare we can have a healthier population in which we will have less debt and an open mind to a better future for generations to come. Universal Healthcare should be for everyone because without it, people who cannot afford Insurance will continue to accumulate debt, die from not having insurance and our future generation will collect debt from family members who are unable to pay. Working with other countries to better understand universal healthcare will be beneficial for everyone.

Donghui Shi, Zurada, J., & Jian Guan. (2014). A Neuro-fuzzy Approach to Bad Debt   Recovery in Healthcare. 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on, System Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference On, 2888–2897. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.361

Gabriel Zieff, Zachary Y. Kerr, Justin B. Moore, & Lee Stoner. (2020). Universal Healthcare in the United States of America: A Healthy Debate. Medicina, 56(580), 580. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3390/medicina56110580

Ikeda, N., Saito, E., Kondo, N., Inoue, M., Ikeda, S., Satoh, T., Wada, K., Stickley, A., Katanoda, K., Mizoue, T., Noda, M., Iso, H., Fujino, Y., Sobue, T., Tsugane, S., Naghavi, M., Ezzati, M., & Shibuya, K. (2011). What has made the population of Japan healthy? The Lancet, 378(9796), 1094–1105. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61055-6

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Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Health Care — Universal Health Care

Universal Health Care Essay Examples

Writing an essay about Universal Health Care can help you understand the issues and come up with solutions to improve healthcare for all. It's a hot topic that needs attention, so why not dive into it and make a difference with your words?

So, you want to write an essay about Universal Health Care, but you're not sure where to start? Don't worry, I've got your back. When choosing a topic for your essay, think about what aspect of Universal Health Care interests you the most. It could be the ethical implications, the economic impact, or the accessibility for all. Once you've found your focus, you can start brainstorming ideas for your essay.

Now, let's talk about the different types of essays you can write about Universal Health Care. If you're into debating and presenting different viewpoints, an argumentative essay might be right up your alley. For those who like to explore the causes and effects of an issue, a cause and effect essay could be a great choice. If you want to express your personal thoughts and feelings, an opinion essay might be the way to go. And if you're all about providing facts and information, an informative essay could be your best bet.

Let's say you're ready to dive into writing your essay. You might be wondering how to structure it and what to include. Well, let me give you a few examples. For a thesis statement on Universal Health Care, you could focus on topics like the impact of Universal Health Care on the economy, the ethical implications of providing healthcare for all, or the importance of accessibility to healthcare services. And when it comes to the , you could start by discussing the current state of healthcare and then lead into your thesis statement. Finally, for the , you could summarize your main points and reiterate the importance of Universal Health Care for the well-being of society. With these examples, you'll be well on your way to writing a stellar essay on Universal Health Care.

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Universal Health Care: Persuasive Speech Outline

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The Debate Over Free Healthcare Ans Universal Healthcare in America

Having a healthier lifestyle, possible effect of changes in the aca on the market power of healthcare providers, health and social care, the negative effects of the current health care reform bill, investigation of the universal definition of health, patient satisfaction survey, the social determinants of health and its influence on indigenous people’s health in canada, health monitoring and disease prediction system, new medical policy & people's health, current developments in diagnostic methods of concussions, healthcare finance cost allocation, why and how healthcare marketing should develop patient personas, typical errors on the part of doctors, how to solve the problem of nursing turnover within the american healthcare system, impact of telemedicine in the health sector, the need to raise more awareness about mental health, enhancing healthcare access: a south african perspective, foundations of responsive caregiving: infants, toddlers, and twos, ecommerce on healthcare sector, relevant topics.

• Affordable Care Act
• Healthcare Crisis
• Health Care Policy
• Nursing Care Plan

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Brielle Bryan

Professor Clarke

March 5, 2004

Rhetorical Argument

Thesis statement:  The federal government should enact a program of universal health care to better protect and serve all of its citizens.

I.    The uninsured constitute a larger and more diverse segment of our population than most people realize.

• The 2003 National Health Interview Survey showed that 42.3 million Americans (14.8%) were uninsured at the time of the survey.

B.   Most of the uninsured are not those living in poverty.

1.   The Kaiser Family Foundation’s Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured found that over 80% of uninsured come from working families.

2.   2001 Census Bureau data showed that the largest increase in uninsured from 2000 to 2001 was among people who had incomes of $75,000 or more.

C.  Data from the Health Insurance Association of America shows that the uninsured population continues to grow and could reach 61 million by 2009.

II.   Lack of insurance leads to serious problems for those without it.

A.  The Institute of Medicine estimates that 18,000 American die prematurely each year because they are uninsured.

B.   According to Dr. W Light, a professor of health care policy and an expert on health care, 40% of bankruptcies in the US are the result of medical bills.

III. A universal health care program similar to the setup of the school system should be implemented by the federal government and would create unforeseen positive effects.

• Because one of the most voiced concerns about universal health care is a decline in quality of care, a system loosely modeled after the American school system should be put into effect.
• Because universal health care is such a large scale proposal, only the federal government has the adequate resources to implement such a large plan and guarantee equivalent services to all Americans.
• The implementation of universal health care would be beneficial to our citizens and system of care in less obvious ways.

1.   According to Dr. Mohammad Akhter of the American Journal of Public Health, if uninsured individuals obtained health insurance, their mortality rates would be reduced by 10-15%, their educational attainment would increase, and their annual earnings would rise by 10-30%.

2.   While the claim is made that universal health care would cause problems of inefficiency, this claim is not necessarily true.

a.   In his article in the American Journal of Public Health, Lawrence Brown – professor of health policy at Columbia University – has discarded claims that wait lists are prevalent in countries with universal health care systems.

b.   Universal health care would lessen the amount of paperwork needing to be done by doctor’s offices and hospitals so that staff and time could be better employed in treating patients.

Akhter, M.  (2003). APHA Policies on universal health care: Health for a few or health for all? American Journal of Public Health , 93(1), 99-101.

Brown, L. (2003). Comparing health systems in four countries: Lessons for the United States. American Journal of Public Health , 93(1), 52-56.

Centers for Disease Control National Health Interview Survey. (2004). Health Insurance Coverage: Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January – June 2003 .  Retrieved February 29, 2004, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm

Health Insurance Association of America.  (2000). The Changing Sources of Health Insurance . Washington, DC: Custer.

Institute of Medicine . (2002). Care Without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late .  Washington, DC: Author.

Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. (2003). Health Insurance Coverage in America: 2002 Data Update.   Washington, DC:  The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

Light, D.  (2003). Sick System. The Christian Century , 120(7), 9-10.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2002). Health Insurance Coverage: 2001 . Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

                In the preamble to our Constitution, the promotion of “general welfare” of its citizens is set forth as an intrinsic goal of the United States of America; yet, this in an area in which our nation has fallen shamefully short. We are the richest nation in the world, and yet, we are the only industrialized country that doesn’t guarantee its citizens access to medical care.  If our country stands for justice and equity as we claim it does, then why is it that we turn a blind eye on so  many of our citizens in need of health coverage?  I’m sure that as not only Americans, but as human beings, every person in this room has a sense of justice and compassion for his fellow man and believes that everyone is entitled to basic human rights.  But many of our fellow citizens are being left out in the cold when it comes to health care – one of the most basic needs.  [Without health coverage, these individuals could die from something as simple as the flu.  And since 18-24 year-olds are consistently the least insured segment of the population, this problem should be one of personal concern to many of you in this room, especially as you prepare to leave school and live on your own.]  Therefore, I believe the federal government should enact a program of universal health care to better protect and serve all of its citizens.  In proving my point I will define the uninsured population of America, discuss the problems caused by lack of insurance, describe the policy of universal health care that I believe will best suit our nation, and delineate the less obvious benefits of universal healthcare.

To understand why our nation is in need of universal health care, you must first understand that:

1.     The survey also showed that 30.2% of 18-24 year-olds, consistently the least insured age group, were without insurance in 2003.

      a.    70% of uninsured have at least one full-time worker in their family

      b.     56% of uninsured workers worked full-time for the full-year in 2002.

1.     According to a report cited in the CQ Researcher, 2.2 million Americans lost their insurance during the 2001 recession and layoffs. [6]

2.     Medical professor and fellow of the Center of Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania Dr. Donald W. Light claims that for each percent that health care costs rise, 300,000 people are dropped from coverage, and health care costs are currently rising at 8-10% a year. [2]

A.  The Institute of Medicine estimates that 18,000 Americans die prematurely each year because they are uninsured.

B.   According to Dr. Donald Light, a professor of health care policy and an expert on health care, 40% of bankruptcies in the US are the result of medical bills.

            * ConsumerHealth.com: typical doctor’s visit w/o insurance will cost $80-100

III. I will propose my plan for implementing universal health care and then address several of the prominent arguments against it.

• Federal government should create a universal health care system similar to the American public school system.
• Claims of opponents about the inadequacies of universal health care are false.

1.   Many claim it will lead to decreased quality of services.

      - My plan will avoid that, and it’s better than what millions of Americans are receiving now.

2.     People claim that the United States can’t afford universal health care.

a.   According to Dr. Donald Light, 24.1 percent of what employers and citizens pay goes to the complex billing, marketing, and administrative structures of the voluntary American system rather than to clinical services

b.     He also says that 16-20% of the $1.3 trillion spent annually on health care could be saved with a simplified universal system. (ER care)

3.     People claim that universal health care is inefficient.

1.     The American Journal of Public health discards claims that wait lists are prevalent in countries with universal health care systems. [10]

2.     Universal health care would lessen the amount of paperwork needing to be done by doctor’s offices and hospitals so that staff and time could be better employed in treating patients.

IV. The implementation of universal health care would be beneficial to our citizens in less obvious ways.

• According to Dr. Mohammad Akhter of the American Journal of Public Health, if uninsured individuals obtained health insurance, their mortality rates would be reduced by 10-15%, their educational attainment would increase, and their annual earnings would rise by 10-30%.
• Dr. Donald Light à raises productivity

1.     According to Dr. Light, the US ranks 72 nd in the world in health gain per $1 million spent, far below all other industrialized countries. [2]

• It would improve the health for our nation as a whole, thus raising our quality of life, and improving our country in the eyes of the world. (Would make us seem less hypocritical at times.)

                In the hopes that you, too, will support a universal health care system for our nation, I’ve discussed the uninsured as a population, talked about the problems associated with lack of insurance, proposed universal health care as a solution to these problems, and described the less obvious benefits of universal health care.  If our country is going to continue to act as a guardian of human rights throughout the world and chastise other nations for the inhumane treatment of their citizens, we must first improve the conditions of our citizens here at home.  The first step in achieving this goal is realizing that health care – like education – should be a right for all citizens, not just a privilege for some.

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15.10 Persuasive Essay

Learning objective.

• Read an example of the persuasive rhetorical mode.

Universal Health Care Coverage for the United States

The United States is the only modernized Western nation that does not offer publicly funded health care to all its citizens; the costs of health care for the uninsured in the United States are prohibitive, and the practices of insurance companies are often more interested in profit margins than providing health care. These conditions are incompatible with US ideals and standards, and it is time for the US government to provide universal health care coverage for all its citizens. Like education, health care should be considered a fundamental right of all US citizens, not simply a privilege for the upper and middle classes.

One of the most common arguments against providing universal health care coverage (UHC) is that it will cost too much money. In other words, UHC would raise taxes too much. While providing health care for all US citizens would cost a lot of money for every tax-paying citizen, citizens need to examine exactly how much money it would cost, and more important, how much money is “too much” when it comes to opening up health care for all. Those who have health insurance already pay too much money, and those without coverage are charged unfathomable amounts. The cost of publicly funded health care versus the cost of current insurance premiums is unclear. In fact, some Americans, especially those in lower income brackets, could stand to pay less than their current premiums.

However, even if UHC would cost Americans a bit more money each year, we ought to reflect on what type of country we would like to live in, and what types of morals we represent if we are more willing to deny health care to others on the basis of saving a couple hundred dollars per year. In a system that privileges capitalism and rugged individualism, little room remains for compassion and love. It is time that Americans realize the amorality of US hospitals forced to turn away the sick and poor. UHC is a health care system that aligns more closely with the core values that so many Americans espouse and respect, and it is time to realize its potential.

Another common argument against UHC in the United States is that other comparable national health care systems, like that of England, France, or Canada, are bankrupt or rife with problems. UHC opponents claim that sick patients in these countries often wait in long lines or long wait lists for basic health care. Opponents also commonly accuse these systems of being unable to pay for themselves, racking up huge deficits year after year. A fair amount of truth lies in these claims, but Americans must remember to put those problems in context with the problems of the current US system as well. It is true that people often wait to see a doctor in countries with UHC, but we in the United States wait as well, and we often schedule appointments weeks in advance, only to have onerous waits in the doctor’s “waiting rooms.”

Critical and urgent care abroad is always treated urgently, much the same as it is treated in the United States. The main difference there, however, is cost. Even health insurance policy holders are not safe from the costs of health care in the United States. Each day an American acquires a form of cancer, and the only effective treatment might be considered “experimental” by an insurance company and thus is not covered. Without medical coverage, the patient must pay for the treatment out of pocket. But these costs may be so prohibitive that the patient will either opt for a less effective, but covered, treatment; opt for no treatment at all; or attempt to pay the costs of treatment and experience unimaginable financial consequences. Medical bills in these cases can easily rise into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, which is enough to force even wealthy families out of their homes and into perpetual debt. Even though each American could someday face this unfortunate situation, many still choose to take the financial risk. Instead of gambling with health and financial welfare, US citizens should press their representatives to set up UHC, where their coverage will be guaranteed and affordable.

Despite the opponents’ claims against UHC, a universal system will save lives and encourage the health of all Americans. Why has public education been so easily accepted, but not public health care? It is time for Americans to start thinking socially about health in the same ways they think about education and police services: as rights of US citizens.

Online Persuasive Essay Alternatives

Martin Luther King Jr. writes persuasively about civil disobedience in Letter from Birmingham Jail :

• http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/frequentdocs/birmingham.pdf
• http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf
• http://www.oak-tree.us/stuff/King-Birmingham.pdf

Michael Levin argues The Case for Torture :

• http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/torture.html

Alan Dershowitz argues The Case for Torture Warrants :

• http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2011/09/07/the-case-for-torture-warrants/

Alisa Solomon argues The Case against Torture :

• http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-11-27/news/the-case-against-torture/1

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Universal Health Care System in the US Speech Essay

Satisfaction, visualization (negative method), universal health care system in the us speech outline.

In 2020, a big crisis showed that the USA health care system is not efficient. This crisis is the COVID-19 pandemic. Madara (2020) notes that “the coronavirus pandemic presents a challenge unlike anything we’ve faced in this country for generations” (para. 1). According to Miller (2020), the current healthcare system’s failure in dealing with the pandemic has resulted in more than 300,000 people’s deaths. Moreover, he also notes that there were frequent shortages of such medical equipment as “beds, gowns, face masks, ventilators” medical equipment (Miller, 2020, para. 7). It is obvious that a reform of the universal health care system is needed.

It can be said that the voiced problems are only symptoms of a prolonged crisis of the current US health care system. The problem is characterized by two critical long-term issues, which are the unaffordability of health insurance and high health care costs. Heitkamp (2018) states that more than 28 million US citizens cannot afford medical insurance. Lyford and Lash (2019) note that many families cannot afford even primary health care services due to high prices. Miller (2020) claims the US federal government spends more than four trillion annually. Administrative costs alone are $ 300 billion and overall costs (Heitkamp, ​​2018). A promising solution to these fundamental problems is needed.

The current social and political climate presents a unique opportunity for those in power to design and implement healthcare a reformation plan. The most effective and appropriate approach would be to transform the current system, which consists of private and public areas, into a universal one. Heitkamp (2018) states that “universal health care is a single-payer health care system in which the government – not a private insurer – pays for health care” (p .15). Successful examples of such models are seen in many Western European countries, for example, France and Germany. The recent health care reform in Argentina explored by Rubinstein et al. is another successful example (2018). However, the universal health care system’s negative consequences could be a decline in the quality of medical services and an increased federal budget spending on health care.

If the announced measures are not taken, then a significant deterioration of the current problems is possible. The number of people who cannot afford health care services would continue to grow as well as budgetary costs. It is also apparent that failures in dealing with crises would continue to occur.

What can we do to help solve the problem that is relevant to all Americans? I urge you to educate yourself on the topic of healthcare as well as to participate in promotions dedicated to universal health care.

• The COVID-19 pandemic is a big crisis that showed that the United States’ health care system is not efficient.
• “The coronavirus pandemic presents a challenge unlike anything we’ve faced in this country for generations” (Madara, 2020, para. 1).
• The failure of the current health care system in dealing with the pandemic has resulted in more than 300,000 people’s deaths (Miller, 2020).
• Shortages of medical equipment (Miller, 2020).
• It is obvious that a reform of the universal health care system is needed.
• The issues pointed out are only symptoms of a prolonged crisis of the current US health care system.
• Two fundamental long-term problems, which are the unaffordability of health insurance and high health care costs.
• Heitkamp (2018) states that more than 28 million US citizens cannot afford medical insurance.
• A large number of families cannot afford even primary health care services due to high prices (Lyford & Lash, 2019).
• US federal government spends more than four trillion annually (Miller, 2020).
• An effective solution to these fundamental problems is needed.
• Reform is needed.
• The most effective and appropriate approach would be to a universal health care reform.
• “Universal health care is a single-payer health care system in which the government – not a private insurer – pays for health care” (Heitkamp, 2018, p .15).
• Western Europe is a successful example of universal health care.
• The recent health care reform in Argentina explored by Rubinstein et al. is another successful example (2018).
• Potential decline in the quality of medical services.
• Possibility of increasing federal budget spending on health care.
• More people without access to medical services and care.
• Higher budgetary costs on the current system.
• Failures in dealing with future crises.
• Educate yourself on the topic of healthcare.
• Participate in universal health care promotions.

Heitkamp, K. L. (2018). Universal health care . Greenhaven Publishing LLC.

Lyford, S., & Lash, T. A. (2019). America’s healthcare cost crisis . Generations, 43 (4), 7-12. Web.

Madara, J. L. (2020). America’s health care crisis is much deeper than COVID-19 . American Medical Association. Web.

Miller, J. W. (2020). Most Americans support universal health care. But can it actually happen? America – The Jesuit Review. Web.

Rubinstein, A., Zerbino, M. C., Cejas, C., & López, A. (2018). Making universal health care effective in Argentina: a blueprint for reform. Health Systems & Reform, 4 (3), 203-213. Web.

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IvyPanda . 2024. "Universal Health Care System in the US Speech." May 9, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/universal-health-care-system-in-the-us-speech/.

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Universal Health Care, Essay Example

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Universal health care is the special coverage system that ensures that all residents of the country have an access to the medical facilities and assistance. Universal health care is funded through a variety of different programs worldwide. All of the developed states, accept for the USA, have universal health care system. It seems to be global trend today, as some of the developing countries try to imply various programs that would cover 100% of the population. However, the question still remains: is the universal health care a solution to all of the problems in the sphere? Should such programs be implied everywhere else in the world? I suppose no. With all its benefits and positive sides, universal health care has a number of serious drawbacks and counterarguments that should not be ignored.

The first argument is relatively simple: universal health care is extremely expensive.

It is hard to estimate the costs of introducing the universal health care in the US, but the sum will obviously be huge. There may simply be not enough money to provide the entire population with free medical assistance. The approximate sum needed for the reform of the health care system is said to be over $1 trillion (FoxNews.com). Such funds are obviously not accessible to the US government in the nearest years. US public debt has already reached its historical maximum at over $10 trillion, and a 10% increase is not likely to happen.

Secondly, it is rather obvious that free health care is not a constitutional right. Effective health care is rather a privilege that has to be paid for, than a government-ensured right of any citizen. There already is a number of responsibilities carried out by the federal government. Tax system already funds a great number of initiatives that urge for more spending (social protection and benefits, national security, etc).  It is high time to remember Kennedy’s words and ask what one had done for the country, than what the country has done for him.

Then, it is rather clear that waiting time would increase dramatically, which could lead to serious problems. Once the health care system becomes free for everyone, the lines in hospitals will double or even triple. People with most insignificant illnesses or with none at all might want to consult the doctor “just in case”. Eventually, the waiting time for those actually needing help might increase. This doesn’t happen due to the effective insurance system that is being used at the moment. Each visit to a doctor is relatively expensive, which makes people think twice before actually going to the hospital with the most insignificant reasons.

Moreover, it is rather likely that over-regulation might emerge. In case the government spent money on the health care coverage, it would like much more control over where the money is going. The doctor’s profession is already extremely formalized, but in case medical workers become employed by the government, the amount of bureaucratic work will increase substantially. Even now, it takes hours to process all the necessary forms and blanks. Shall the doctors become government officials, the problem will obviously get worse as the flexible insurance – paid health care system will turn into a massive bureaucratic government-owned institution.

The fifth argument states that universal health care is likely to be much less efficient than the system that is already used in the US. In case there is no direct consumer for the good or service, its quality usually falls significantly. If the medical care is funded by the government, medical staff receives the same compensation regardless of the quality of their work. Material stimulation is one of the most powerful ones and universal health care actually lacks it. As long as the service is not directly paid for, the consumer might feel neglected. In case of the medical system that means that medical staff is likely to become much less serious about their job.

A number of economists argue that serious disproportions in the income redistribution might emerge. Some of the health services are extremely costly to perform. Everyone receiving similar health coverage is simply not fair. Some people work hard and pay taxes that eventually cover the health services. Others, however, remain idle or unemployed, generating no income for the state. These people will eventually get sick and receive adequate health services, making the rest pay for it.

Health insurance sector is an extremely important part of the entire US financial system. Insurance companies posses a significant share in the structure of investments. Health insurance makes up to 50% of all the operational volumes of some insurance giants, which generate billions of dollars in profits. Introduction of the universal health care will virtually eliminate this sector of the economy. Refusing from the general insurance coverage would mean refusing from billions of dollars in both profits and in potential investment. This would obviously hurt the financial sector of the country, which is already damaged by the global financial crisis.

And finally tax burden is very likely to increase dramatically. Introduction of the universal health care would mean spending at least trillion of US dollars. US debt is already the largest one in the world and the largest in history. In order to finance these spending, some taxes would need to be increased, which is likely to lower overall economic effectiveness.

All the grounds and warrants provided above are rather obvious to an educated person. Simple economic models and laws prove that universal health care is not necessarily a remedy. Monopoly power is almost always negative, and government control over the economy is seldom effective. In the years to come medical spending are expected to reach 20% of the GDP  and granting control over such an industry to the state, eliminating competition is rather dangerous.

Works Cited

“National Health Expenditures, Forecast summary and selected tables”, Office of the Actuary in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2008. Accessed June 9, 2009 from: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/proj2007.pdf

“Universal Health Care May Cost $1.5 Trillion” – FoxNews.com website. Published March 18, 2009. Accessed June 9, 2009 from: http://www.foxnews.com/politics/first100days/2009/03/18/universal-health-care-cost-trillion/

Lee, C. “Universal Health Coverage Attracts New Support” Washington Post. Accessed June 9, 2009 at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/21/AR2007012100878.html

Pibel, D. “Health Care: It’s What Ails Us” Yes magazine. Accessed June 9, 2009 at: http://www.yesmagazine.org/article.asp?ID=1498

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• Victor Mukhin

Victor M. Mukhin was born in 1946 in the town of Orsk, Russia. In 1970 he graduated the Technological Institute in Leningrad. Victor M. Mukhin was directed to work to the scientific-industrial organization "Neorganika" (Elektrostal, Moscow region) where he is working during 47 years, at present as the head of the laboratory of carbon sorbents.     Victor M. Mukhin defended a Ph. D. thesis and a doctoral thesis at the Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (in 1979 and 1997 accordingly). Professor of Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia. Scientific interests: production, investigation and application of active carbons, technological and ecological carbon-adsorptive processes, environmental protection, production of ecologically clean food.   

Title : Active carbons as nanoporous materials for solving of environmental problems

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Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia

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