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Assignment of Membership Interest: The Ultimate Guide for Your LLC

LegalGPS : November 30, 2023 at 8:16 AM

As a business owner, there may come a time when you need to transfer ownership of your company or acquire additional members. In these situations, an assignment of membership interest is a critical step in the process. This blog post aims to provide you with a comprehensive guide on everything you need to know about the assignment of membership interest and how to navigate the procedure efficiently. So, let's dive into the world of LLC membership interest transfers and learn how to secure your business!

What is an Assignment of Membership Interest?

An assignment of membership interest is a document that allows a member of an LLC to transfer their ownership share in the company to another person or entity. This can be done in the form of a sale or gift, which are two different scenarios that generally require different types of paperwork. An assignment is typically signed by the parties involved and delivered to the Secretary of State's office for filing. However, this process can vary depending on where you live and whether your LLC has members other than yourself as well as additional documents required by state law.

Necessary Approvals and Consent

Before initiating the assignment process, it's essential to review the operating agreement of your LLC, as it may contain specific guidelines on how to assign membership interests.

Often, these agreements require the express consent of the other LLC members before any assignment can take place. To avoid any potential disputes down the line, always seek the required approvals before moving forward with the assignment process.

Impact on Ownership, Voting, and Profit Rights

It's essential to understand that assigning membership interests can affect various aspects of the LLC, including ownership, voting rights, and profit distribution. A complete assignment transfers all ownership rights and obligations to the new member, effectively removing the original member from the LLC. For example, if a member assigns his or her interest, the new member inherits all ownership rights and obligations associated with that interest. This includes any contractual obligations that may be attached to the membership interest (e.g., a mortgage). If there is no assignment of interests clause in your operating agreement, then you will need to get approval from all other members for an assignment to take place.

On the other hand, a partial assignment permits the original member to retain some ownership rights while transferring a portion of their interest to another party. To avoid unintended consequences, it's crucial to clearly define the rights and responsibilities of each party during the assignment process.

Types of Membership Interest Transfers

Membership interest transfers can be either complete or partial, depending on the desired outcome. Understanding the differences between these two types of transfers is crucial in making informed decisions about your LLC.

Complete Assignment

A complete assignment occurs when a member transfers their entire interest in the LLC to another party, effectively relinquishing all ownership rights and obligations. This type of transfer is often used when a member exits the business or when a new individual or entity acquires the LLC.

For example, a member may sell their interest to another party that is interested in purchasing their share of the business. Complete assignment is also used when an individual or entity wants to purchase all of the interests in an LLC. In this case, the seller must receive unanimous approval from the other members before they can transfer their entire interest.

Partial Assignment

Unlike a complete assignment, a partial assignment involves transferring only a portion of a member's interest to another party. This type of assignment enables the member to retain some ownership in the business, sharing rights, and responsibilities proportionately with the new assignee. Partial assignments are often used when adding new members to an LLC or when existing members need to redistribute their interests.

A common real-world example is when a member receives an offer from another company to purchase their interest in the LLC. They might want to keep some ownership so that they can continue to receive profits from the business, but they also may want out of some of the responsibilities. By transferring only a partial interest in their membership share, both parties can benefit: The seller receives a lump sum payment for their share of the LLC and is no longer liable for certain financial obligations or other tasks.

How to Draft an Assignment of Membership Interest Agreement

A well-drafted assignment of membership interest agreement can help ensure a smooth and legally compliant transfer process. Here is a breakdown of the key elements to include in your agreement, followed by a step-by-step guide on drafting the document.

Key elements to include:

The names of the assignor (the person transferring their interest) and assignee (the person receiving the interest)

The name of your LLC and the state where it was formed

A description of the membership interest being transferred (percentage, rights, and obligations)

Any required approvals or consents from other LLC members

Effective date of the assignment

Signatures of all parties involved, including any relevant witnesses or notary public

Step 1: Gather Relevant Information

Before you begin drafting the agreement, gather all pertinent data about the parties involved and the membership interest being transferred. You'll need information such as:

The names and contact information of the assignor (the person transferring their interest) and assignee (the person receiving the interest)

The name and formation details of your LLC, including the state where it was registered

The percentage and value of the membership interest being transferred

Any specific rights and obligations associated with the membership interest

Step 2: Review the LLC's Operating Agreement

Examine your LLC's operating agreement to ensure you adhere to any predetermined guidelines on assigning membership interests. The operating agreement may outline specific procedures, required approvals, or additional documentation necessary to complete the assignment process.

If your LLC doesn't have an operating agreement or if it's silent on this matter, follow your state's default LLC rules and regulations.

Step 3: Obtain Necessary Approvals and Consents

Before drafting the assignment agreement, obtain any necessary approvals or consents from other LLC members as required by the operating agreement or state law. You may need to hold a members' meeting to discuss the proposed assignment and document members' consent in the form of a written resolution.

Step 4: Outline the Membership Interest Being Transferred

Detail the membership interest being transferred in the Assignment of Membership Interest Agreement. Specify whether the transfer is complete or partial, and include:

The percentage of ownership interest being assigned

Allocated profits and losses, if applicable

Voting rights associated with the transferred interest

The assignor's rights and obligations that are being transferred and retained

Any capital contribution requirements

Step 5: Determine the Effective Date of the Assignment

Set an effective date for the assignment, which is when the rights and obligations associated with the membership interest will transfer from the assignor to the assignee.

This date is crucial for legal and tax purposes and helps both parties plan for the transition. If you don’t specify an effective date in the assignment agreement, your state's law may determine when the transfer takes effect.

Step 6: Specify Conditions and Representations

In the agreement, outline any conditions that must be met before the assignment becomes effective. These could include obtaining certain regulatory approvals, fulfilling specific obligations, or making required capital contributions.

Additionally, you may include representations from the assignor attesting that they have the legal authority to execute the assignment. Doing this is important because it can prevent a third party from challenging the assignment on grounds of lack of authority. If the assignor is an LLC or corporation, be sure to specify that it must be in good standing with all necessary state and federal regulatory agencies.

Step 7: Address Tax and Liability Issues

Clearly state that the assignee will assume responsibility for any taxes, liabilities, and obligations attributable to the membership interest being transferred from the effective date of the assignment. You may also include indemnification provisions that protect each party from any potential claims arising from the other party's actions.

For example, you can include a provision that provides the assignor with protection against any claims arising from the transfer of membership interests. This is especially important if your LLC has been sued by a member, visitor, or third party while it was operating under its current management structure.

Step 8: Draft the Entire Agreement and Governing Law Clauses

In the closing sections of the assignment agreement, include clauses stating that the agreement represents the entire understanding between the parties concerning the assignment and supersedes any previous agreements or negotiations. Specify that any modifications to the agreement must be made in writing and signed by both parties. Finally, identify the governing law that will apply to the agreement, which is generally the state law where your LLC is registered.

This would look like this:

Step 9: Review and Sign the Assignment Agreement

Once you've drafted the Assignment of Membership Interest Agreement, ensure that all parties carefully review the document to verify its accuracy and completeness. Request a legal review by an attorney, if necessary. Gather the assignor, assignee, and any necessary witnesses or notary public to sign the agreement, making it legally binding.

Sometimes the assignor and assignee will sign the document at different times. If this is the case, then you should specify when each party must sign in your Assignment Agreement.

Importance of a Professionally-drafted Contract Template

To ensure a smooth and error-free assignment process, it's highly recommended to use a professionally-drafted contract template. While DIY options might seem tempting, utilizing an expertly-crafted template provides several distinct advantages.

Advantages of using a professionally-created template:

Accuracy and Compliance: Professionally-drafted templates are designed with state-specific regulations in mind, ensuring that your agreement complies with all necessary legal requirements.

Time and Cost Savings: With a pre-written template, you save valuable time and resources that can be better spent growing your business.

Reduced Legal Risk: Legal templates created by experienced professionals significantly reduce the likelihood of errors and omissions that could lead to disputes or litigations down the road.

How our contract templates stand out from the rest:

We understand the unique needs of entrepreneurs and business owners. Our contract templates are designed to provide a straightforward, user-friendly experience that empowers you with the knowledge and tools you need to navigate complex legal processes with ease. By choosing our Assignment of Membership Interest Agreement template, you can rest assured that your business is in safe hands. Click here to get started!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Assignment of Membership Interest

As you embark on the journey of assigning membership interest in your LLC, here are some frequently asked questions to help address any concerns you may have:

Is an assignment of membership interest the same as a sale of an LLC? No. While both processes involve transferring interests or assets, a sale of an LLC typically entails the sale of the entire business, whereas an assignment of membership interest relates to the transfer of some or all membership interests between parties.

Do I need an attorney to help draft my assignment of membership interest agreement? While not mandatory, seeking legal advice ensures that your agreement complies with all relevant regulations, minimizing potential legal risks. If you prefer a more cost-effective solution, consider using a professionally-drafted contract template like the ones we offer at [Your Company Name].

Can I assign my membership interest without the approval of other LLC members? This depends on your LLC's operating agreement and state laws. It's essential to review these regulations and obtain any necessary approvals or consents before proceeding with the assignment process.

Do you need a lawyer for this?

The biggest question now is, "Do you need to hire a lawyer for help?" Sometimes, yes ( especially if you have multiple owners ). But often for single-owner businesses, you don't   need a lawyer to start your business .

Many business owners instead use tools like  Legal GPS for Business , which includes a step-by-step, interactive platform and 100+ contract templates to help you start and grow your company.

We hope this guide provides valuable insight into the process of assigning membership interest in your LLC. By understanding the legal requirements, implications, and steps involved, you can navigate this essential task with confidence. Ready to secure your business with a professionally-drafted contract template? Visit our website to purchase the reliable and user-friendly Assignment of Membership Interest Agreement template that enables your business success.

Assignment Of Membership Interest

Jump to Section

What is an assignment of membership interest.

An assignment of membership interest is a legal document that allows members of a Limited Liability Company (or LLC) to reassign their interest in the company to a different party. LLC laws are different from state to state, so what's required in an assignment of membership agreement changes.

Typically seen when a member wishes to exit a business, the assignment of membership interest agreement is used when transferring membership interest to another person. It is possible to transfer membership of an LLC to something like a revocable trust but requires those terms and conditions to be set in the assignment agreement.

Assignment Of Membership Interest Sample

Reference : Security Exchange Commission - Edgar Database, EX-10.1.1.2 3 dex10112.htm ASSIGNMENT OF MEMBERSHIP INTEREST , Viewed October 13, 2021, View Source on SEC .

Who Helps With Assignments Of Membership Interest?

Lawyers with backgrounds working on assignments of membership interest work with clients to help. Do you need help with an assignment of membership interest?

Post a project  in ContractsCounsel's marketplace to get free bids from lawyers to draft, review, or negotiate assignments of membership interest. All lawyers are vetted by our team and peer reviewed by our customers for you to explore before hiring.

Meet some of our Assignment Of Membership Interest Lawyers

Scott Bowen, Esq brings legal experience in family law, special education law, and healthcare law matters. Scott also has over 20 years of expertise in healthcare compliance, medical coding, and healthcare consulting to the firm.

Damian is a founding partner of Holon Law Partners. He began his career as an officer in the Marine Corps, managing legal affairs for his command in Okinawa, Japan. In this role, he conducted investigations, assembled juries for courts martial, and advised his commander on criminal justice matters. Damian was twice selected to serve as his unit’s liaison to the Japanese government and self-defense forces. Damian later worked as a transactional attorney in New York, where he handled commercial real estate, finance, and restructuring matters. He has also participated in insider trading investigations at the SEC, worked on compliance at a private equity firm, and managed legal operations and special projects at a vertically integrated cannabis company in New Mexico. Damian draws on these diverse experiences to provide his clients with creative solutions to thorny legal issues – from negotiating commercial leases to managing complex securities offerings. In addition to practicing law, Damian volunteers as a research assistant at the University of New Mexico Medical School’s McCormick Lab – studying the microbiology of longevity and aging. When not working, he enjoys spending time with his two pit bulls and pursuing his passions for foreign languages, art, philosophy, and fitness. Damian resides in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Jonathan F.

Trial and transactional attorney with over 30 years experience with complex business transactions and disputes.

My passion is protecting the passions of others. I have 5+ years of contract review, and all aspects of entertainment law including negotiation, mediation, intellectual property, copyright, and music licensing. I also have experience working with nonprofits, and small businesses helping with formation, dissolution, partnerships, etc. I am licensed in both Texas and California.

Nuo Jia (Lois) L.

Attorney Lois Li is a bilingual business and commercial attorney licensed in Michigan, U.S. since 2014, in Ontario, Canada since 2015, and in New York, U.S. since 2020. As an attorney licensed in two countries, Lois leads Alpine Law’s US/China/Canada practice. She is experienced in legal and contractual transactions in both English and Chinese. Lois has over six years of experience in assisting clients with business operations and legal services, and is specialized in advising companies with legal needs in International Business, Securities law, Cryptocurrency – Block chain, and Fin-Tech. Having served as both an outside and an in-house counsel, Lois worked with many startup and small businesses. With a strong understanding of core business and the ability to translate business needs into legal requirements, Lois has assisted many companies to establish policies and procedures, and drafted and negotiated employment and transaction contracts. Further licensed as a Registered Nurse since 2010, Lois specializes in healthcare law and is experienced in FDA, HIPAA, Medicare and Medicaid regulations. She has assisted many businesses in the medical and healthcare industry.

I am a corporate business and securities attorney licensed in Illinois with more than a decade of legal experience holding both a J.D. and Master in Law in Taxation. I specialize in advising technology companies in the cryptocurrency space with regulatory compliance (eg. securities law, FinCen, and MSB rules) and cybersecurity matters (eg. GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA), licensing agreements (SaaS, End User Licensing Agreement, Master License Agreement and etc), brokerage agreements, vendor agreements, revenue share agreements, affiliate agreements, and other related business and technology contracts. Having served as both an outside and an in-house counsel, I have worked with many early stage and mid-size companies, including blockchain companies with issued tokens in the top 100 ranking. With a strong understanding of core business needs for cryptocurrency companies and the ability to translate business needs into legal requirements, I have successfully helped businesses in the cryptocurrency space establishing their contracts, meeting regulatory compliance requirements (SEC, FinCen), and negotiating contracts with partners and vendors.

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Sale and Assignment of LLC Membership Interests

Transfers from Member to Member or to Non-Member Third Parties by David J. Willis J.D., LL.M.

Introduction

This article addresses legal points to consider when conveying a membership interest in a limited liability company from one individual to another. It does not address the initial issuance of such interests when the LLC is formed, nor sales of membership interests by an existing LLC to incoming members.

Additionally, this article addresses absolute assignments (full and final transfers) rather than collateral assignments (made only as security for a loan) which are a different topic entirely.

Assignments of this type may follow the execution of a letter of intent which provides for a due-diligence period. This article does not cover the contents of such an LOI but does address issues that should be considered by a prospective assignee in conducting due diligence. An LOI will often make reference to specific due diligence steps that a buyer will be permitted to take.

After covering definitions and applicable law, we will turn to principal points that should be considered in negotiating and drafting an assignment of LLC membership interest.

APPLICABLE LAW

Relevant statutory definitions.

Applicable law is found in the Business Organizations Code (BOC):

Bus. Orgs. Code Section 1.002. DEFINITIONS

(7) “Certificated ownership interest” means an ownership interest of a domestic entity represented by a certificate issued in bearer or registered form.

(32) “Fundamental business transaction” means a merger, interest exchange, conversion, or sale of all or substantially all of an entity’s assets.

(35)(A) “Governing authority” means a person or group of persons who are entitled to manage and direct the affairs of an entity under this code and the governing documents of the entity, except that if the governing documents of the entity or this code divide the authority to manage and direct the affairs of the entity among different persons or groups of persons according to different matters, “governing authority” means the person or group of persons entitled to manage and direct the affairs of the entity with respect to a matter under the governing documents of the entity or this code.

(41) “Interest exchange” means the acquisition of an ownership or membership interest in a domestic entity as provided by Subchapter B, Chapter 10. The term does not include a merger or conversion.

(46) “Limited liability company” means an entity governed as a limited liability company under Title 3 or 7. The term includes a professional limited liability company.

(53) “Member” means: (A) in the case of a limited liability company, a person who has become, and has not ceased to be, a member in the limited liability company as provided by its governing documents or this code. . . .

(54) “Membership interest” means a member’s interest in an entity. With respect to a limited liability company, the term includes a member’s share of profits and losses or similar items and the right to receive distributions, but does not include a member’s right to participate in management.

(64) “Ownership interest” means an owner’s interest in an entity. The term includes the owner’s share of profits and losses or similar items and the right to receive distributions. The term does not include an owner’s right to participate in management.

(69-b) “Person” means an individual or a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, business trust, trust, association, or other organization, estate, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or other legal entity, or a protected series or registered series of a domestic limited liability company or foreign entity.

(87) “Uncertificated ownership interest” means an ownership interest in a domestic entity that is not represented by an instrument and is transferred by: (A) amendment of the governing documents of the entity; or (B) registration on books maintained by or on behalf of the entity for the purpose of registering transfers of ownership interests.

A well-drafted assignment of LLC membership interest will be mindful of and consistent with these statutory terms.

Statute Authorizing LLC Membership Assignments

Foundational to the idea of a sale and assignment of LLC membership interest is the legal authority to enter into such a transaction in the first place:

Bus. Orgs. Code Sec. 101.108. ASSIGNMENT OF MEMBERSHIP INTEREST

(a) A membership interest in a limited liability company may be wholly or partly assigned.

(b) An assignment of a membership interest in a limited liability company: (1) is not an event requiring the winding up of the company; and (2) does not entitle the assignee to: (A) participate in the management and affairs of the company; (B) become a member of the company; or (C) exercise any rights of a member of the company.

Consent by other members is required. BOC Section 101.103(s) states that a “person who, after the formation of a limited liability company, acquires directly or is assigned a membership interest in the company or is admitted as a member of the company without acquiring a membership interest becomes a member of the company on approval or consent of all of the company’s members.” BOC Section 101.105 states that a “limited liability company, after the formation of the company, may: (1) issue membership interests in the company to any person with the approval of all of the members of the company. . . .”

An additional consent requirement is found in BOC Section 101.356(c) which provides that, for the most part, “a fundamental business transaction of a limited liability company, or an action that would make it impossible for a limited liability company to carry out the ordinary business of the company, must be approved by the affirmative vote of the majority of all of the company’s members.”

Accordingly, it is advisable to accompany an assignment of membership interest with a special meeting of members that approves and ratifies the change. One or more LLC resolutions may be produced as well. All affected parties (and their spouses, even if non-members) should sign off.

What category of property is an LLC membership interest?

Regardless of the type of property owner by a limited liability company, a membership interest in the LLC is personal property:

Bus. Orgs. Code Sec. 101.106. NATURE OF MEMBERSHIP INTEREST

(a) A membership interest in a limited liability company is personal property.

(a-1) A membership interest may be community property under applicable law.

(a-2) A member’s right to participate in the management and conduct of the business of the limited liability company is not community property.

(b) A member of a limited liability company or an assignee of a membership interest in a limited liability company does not have an interest in any specific property of the company.

The characterization of an LLC membership interest as personal property is important because it also signifies what it is not . For instance, it is not a real property interest even though the LLC may own real estate. It is not a negotiable instrument subject to the Uniform Commercial Code (found in Texas Business & Commerce Code Section 3.201 et seq.). Nor is a small-business LLC membership interest usually considered to be a security subject to state and federal securities laws: “An interest in a partnership or limited liability company is not a security unless it is dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or in securities markets, [and the company agreement] expressly provide[s] that it is a security . . . or it is an investment company security.” Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Sec. 8.103(c).

The foregoing applies regardless of whether the membership interest is considered certificated or uncertificated.

Statutory Qualifications for LLC Membership

Qualifications and requirements for membership in an LLC are found in the BOC:

Bus. Orgs. Code Sec. 101.102. QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP

(a) A person may be a member of or acquire a membership interest in a limited liability company unless the person lacks capacity apart from this code.

(b) A person is not required, as a condition to becoming a member of or acquiring a membership interest in a limited liability company, to:

(1) make a contribution to the company; (2) otherwise pay cash or transfer property to the company; or (3) assume an obligation to make a contribution or otherwise pay cash or transfer property to the company.

(c) If one or more persons own a membership interest in a limited liability company, the company agreement may provide for a person to be admitted to the company as a member without acquiring a membership interest in the company.

Rights and Duties of an Assignee

BOC Sec. 101.109. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF ASSIGNEE OF MEMBERSHIP INTEREST BEFORE MEMBERSHIP

(a) A person who is assigned a membership interest in a limited liability company is entitled to:

(1) receive any allocation of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, or a similar item that the assignor is entitled to receive to the extent the allocation of the item is assigned; (2) receive any distribution the assignor is entitled to receive to the extent the distribution is assigned; (3) require, for any proper purpose, reasonable information or a reasonable account of the transactions of the company; and (4) make, for any proper purpose, reasonable inspections of the books and records of the company.

(b) An assignee of a membership interest in a limited liability company is entitled to become a member of the company on the approval of all of the company’s members.

(c) An assignee of a membership interest in a limited liability company is not liable as a member of the company until the assignee becomes a member of the company.

BOC Sec. 101.110. RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF ASSIGNEE OF MEMBERSHIP INTEREST AFTER BECOMING MEMBER

(a) An assignee of a membership interest in a limited liability company, after becoming a member of the company, is:

(1) entitled, to the extent assigned, to the same rights and powers granted or provided to a member of the company by the company agreement or this code; (2) subject to the same restrictions and liabilities placed or imposed on a member of the company by the company agreement or this code; and (3) except as provided by Subsection (b), liable for the assignor’s obligation to make contributions to the company.

(b) An assignee of a membership interest in a limited liability company, after becoming a member of the company, is not obligated for a liability of the assignor that:

(1) the assignee did not have knowledge of on the date the assignee became a member of the company; and (2) could not be ascertained from the company agreement.

It is important to note that these statutory rights and duties are subject to “restrictions and liabilities” that may be imposed by the company agreement.

PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS

The company agreement.

When considering a transfer of LLC membership, it is important to first check the company agreement (operating agreement) to determine if there are buy-sell provisions or a right-of-first-refusal clause that must be worked through before the membership interest can be assigned. company agreements often require that before a sale and assignment of a membership interest can occur, the interest must first be offered pro rata to the other members, and/or to the company itself, before a transfer may be made to a person who is not currently a member. Unless waived, such provisions may be accompanied by an offer period of (for example) 10, 30, or 60 days.

Buy-sell and right-of-first-refusal provisions exist so that existing LLC members do not unwillingly find themselves in business with someone they do not know.

Non-Member Spouses

Are non-member spouses involved? Like real estate, personal property in Texas is presumed to be community property. A frequent error in transfers of LLC membership interest is failure to secure the signature of an assignor-seller’s non-member spouse. The result is that the entire interest may not have been conveyed, at least not in Texas. This is no different than if a grantee in a deed accepts the conveyance without requiring execution by the grantor’s spouse; since community property is presumed, the transfer may be incomplete if the spouse does not sign off, at least in a pro forma capacity.

To say that omitting the signature of a non-member spouse can drive subsequent disputes would be an understatement. Even though BOC Section 101.108 provides that a non-member spouse of an assignee may not assert control over the company, the potential for awkward and potentially disastrous disruption remains. Consider the case of a withdrawing member who is contemplating divorce but has not yet revealed this to other members who may want to buy his LLC membership interest. Will the assignment get tangled up in the parties’ divorce?

As is the case in transfers of real estate, it is common for sellers of an LLC membership interest to argue that the spouse should not be required to sign the assignment because the property transferred is a business asset rather than a part of the homestead. Real estate lawyers hear such excuses all the time. Other reasons may be given (“My wife is in China”). None of these excuses should be allowed to carry any weight unless the membership interest has been lawfully converted into separate property by a written partition agreement according to Section 4.102 et seq. of the Family Code.

What will be the accounting consequences? Is timing an issue?

There will likely be accounting consequences as a result of transferring an LLC membership interest. BOC Section 101.201 partially addresses this issue, stating “The profits and losses of a limited liability company shall be allocated to each member of the company on the basis of the agreed value of the contributions made by each member, as stated in the company’s records. . . .” This rule will apply unless the members collectively agree otherwise.

Attention should be given to the effective date of the assignment, since the transfer date may have more than one level of significance. It is advisable to select an effective date or record date for the assignment that facilitates easier calculation of profits and losses, or at least does not unduly complicate that calculation.

Will the membership interest pass a due-diligence inspection?

The issues referred to above are part of a larger group of due-diligence considerations that may concern a prospective buyer, which brings us to the due-diligence checklist in the next section.

DUE DILIGENCE BY THE ASSIGNEE-BUYER

Due diligence checklist.

The following is a partial list of items that should be of concern to a prospective assignee-buyer of an LLC Membership Interest:

(1) Valuation . Most small-business assignments of LLC membership interest occur among insiders who are already acquainted with the company’s assets, liabilities, management, and operations. For potential assignees who do not fall in this category, the question of valuation arises—not just valuation of the membership interest itself but valuation of the LLC as a whole, since the two are effectively inseparable.

Several articles could be written on how to evaluate and appraise a business; suffice it to say that there should be some rational basis for the asking price that can be independently confirmed by looking at the company’s finances and assets. Certain numbers will be hard (real property and bank accounts) and others will be soft (marketing strategy, proprietary information, and value of the brand).

If assets include real properties, an evaluation of value may include appraisals by licensed appraisers or the less-formal alternative of a broker price opinion (BPO). It is impressive if a real estate investment firm has an inventory of 30 rental properties; it is less so if half the properties are drowning in deferred maintenance. Numbers guys may be satisfied with financials and a spreadsheet; traditionalists will want to physically inspect the properties as part of the due-diligence process.

(2) Good Standing . It is important to verify that the LLC and the assignor (if a registered entity) are in good standing with the secretary of state and the comptroller. If not, they do not have the legal capacity to do business, which could potentially make execution of an LLC membership assignment invalid.

(3) Core LLC Documents . A prospective assignee-buyer will want to see core LLC documents including the certificate of formation; the certificate of filing (the secretary of state’s approval); the minutes of the first organizational meeting of members along with subsequent minutes of special meetings (if any) and annual meetings; company resolutions or grants of authority; the company agreement, as currently amended or restated; and any membership certificates that may have been issued (or at least a record of same).

Also: where are the official LLC records kept? Who is responsible for keeping them, and is access readily available? Is there a company book, i.e., a binder containing these? Failure of an LLC to keep organized and complete records is a warning sign for a potential assignee. This is true regardless of and aside from any statutory requirements for LLC record keeping.

A vital object of an assignee’s investigation should be the company agreement. The company agreement is essentially a partnership agreement among LLC members, so it will directly bind a prospective assignee . Is it valid? Is it a legal document of substance or is it a three-page printout from the internet that is not even relevant to Texas? Are provisions of the company agreement compatible with the intentions and goals of the assignee? What limitations does the company agreement impose (for example, restrictions on transfer of membership interests)? Can one easily re-sell the membership interest or are there hoops to jump through?

(4) Managers . It is operationally important to determine if the LLC is member-managed or manager-managed and, if the latter, to identity of the managers. Can the assignee work with these persons? Are they professional and competent? What is their track record?

(5) Member List . LLCs are required to keep current lists of members, their respective interests in the company, and a list of all contributions to the company. BOC Sections 101.501(a)(1)-(7). Fellow members of a smaller LLC are effectively your partners in the enterprise. It is good to know to know something about them.

(6) Contracts and Agreements with Third Parties . Any agreements with third parties that affect control, management, or operation of the LLC should be examined. Examples would be contracts with vendors or a property management agreement with a third-party management company. Is the LLC currently part of a joint venture with a different group of investors?

(7) Voting Agreements . These may or may not exist. Any one or more of the members may enter into voting agreements (including but not limited to proxies and pledges) that can affect control of the entity.

(8) Federal Tax Returns. Tax returns are important to verify how the LLC is taxed and how ownership is reported to the IRS. Tax returns and LLC records should be consistent in this respect. It is a good idea for a prospective assignee to have a CPA review the company’s tax returns.

(9) Texas Annual Filings . A prospective assignee should review the franchise tax returns and public information reports (PIRs) that must be annually filed with the comptroller’s office. Do these accurately reflect the LLC’s affairs? Are they diligently prepared and timely filed?

(10) Transactional Records . What property does the LLC own? Are warranty deeds in the name of the LLC duly recorded in the real property records? How are properties managed and who is responsible for doing so? What do the files and records look like—are they orderly or are they a mess? And what about completeness? Do files for rental properties contain all essential documents like warranty deeds, notes and loan agreements, deeds of trust, leases, appraisals, maintenance records, and so on? A specific person should be responsible for keeping such records at a designated location.

(11) Salaries, Draws, and Distributions. These should be examined to discover if there is a pattern of excessive or erratic compensation to managers or distributions to members. Is there a coherent schedule or plan? Are measures in place to insure that the LLC maintains sufficient working capital to fund existing and planned operations?

(12) Bank and Depository Accounts . Current and recent copies of account statements should be examined. Look for any unusual withdrawals or capital flows. Is the LLC adequately capitalized? Does it have an adequate capital reserve? Inadequate capitalization is the number one cause of small business failure.

(13) Records of Pending, Prospective, and Resolved Legal Actions . Is the LLC being sued? Has it been sued in the past? Do the managers have a history of shoddy or deceptive dealings? Is the LLC continually receiving DTPA notice letters from attorneys? Default letters from HOAs or appraisal districts? Does the company charter get periodically revoked (and then have to be reinstated) because the LLC fails to timely file its franchise tax return or PIR? Consider meeting with the LLC’s attorney and CPA. Require that confidentiality be waived in order to get a frank assessment of the situation.

(14) Best Practices Generally . It is important to ascertain whether or not the LLC is run with diligence, integrity, and in compliance with applicable law. What is the company culture with regard to best practices? Does the LLC have a regular business attorney and CPA to advise the managers? Or do the managers wing it on a DIY basis most of the time, counting on a surging market to cover their mistakes?

(15) Reputational Evidence . A prospective assignee may want to do some digging in order to evaluate the business and personal reputations of the managers and members. What is their professional history? The personal lives of the existing members may also be relevant: are any of them getting a divorce from a spouse who might turn into a hostile party? Was one of them just expelled from the country club for non-payment of dues? An internet search is, of course, the bare minimum but it may also be prudent to consider a private investigator (These are not just for the movies).

(16) Company Performance . How have the LLC’s investments fared, particularly over the last three years? What do the company accounts show and are these numbers verifiable? Does the spreadsheet match up with the checkbook?

Trends are an important part of value analysis. Try to reduce the LLC’s quarterly and annual results to line graphs for income and costs. Which way are these factors trending?

(17) Business Plan . Do the managers and members have specific goals or is their strategy more built around finding targets of investment opportunity? Is their plan realistic or pie-in-the-sky? What will the company likely look like in three years? Five years? Is a change in direction required?

The importance of thorough due diligence conducted during an adequate inspection period cannot be understated. Knowledge, as they say, is power. If one must sign a confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement in order to get relevant information on the LLC and its members, then that is what should be done.

CLAUSES AND PROVISIONS OF THE ASSIGNMENT

Assignments of interest generally.

All assignments of interest (regardless of the interest assigned) include—or should include—certain common clauses and provisions. After identifying the parties and the exact interest to be assigned, the document should state the consideration being paid; whether the consideration is nominal, cash, or a financed amount (secured or unsecured); recite both transfer and acceptance language; state whether the assignment is made entirely “as is” or instead with representations and warranties; state whether the assignee will have any recourse in the event certain post-assignment conditions are not met and identify the recourse mechanism; recite covenants and agreements of both parties that will result in the implementation of the transfer along with remedies for default if these measures are not carried out; a mutual indemnity clause; any special provisions agreed to by the parties; an alternative dispute resolution (mandatory mediation) clause; and conclude with various miscellaneous provisions that identify applicable law and venue, advise all parties to consult an attorney, set an effective date, and so forth.

A “Consent of Non-Member Spouses” should be appended if applicable. Exhibits to the assignment (pertaining to company assets and liabilities, for instance) may also be needed.

Representations and Warranties

An assignment may include a full set of representations and warranties (“reps and warranties”), limited reps and warranties, or no reps and warranties at all—in which case the assignment is made entirely as is and (in such cases) is almost always without recourse, meaning there is no defined remedy against the assignor-seller if the LLC membership goes sour for some reason. Representations and warranties may be made by assignor, assignee, both, or neither.

Core reps and warranties are basic assurances to which no reasonable party should object. Reps and warranties can get much more detailed and extensive from there. If attorneys are involved, the reps and warranties section of a contract may be heavily negotiated.

The assignor-seller’s goal is to minimize post-closing liability by transferring the membership interest “as is” to the maximum extent by including only a minimum number of reps and warranties. It should be noted that inclusion of the above-mentioned core items does not impair the ability of an assignor to assign an interest “as is.” For this reason, it is always somewhat suspicious when an assignor refuses to give any reps or warranties at all.

The assignee-buyer instead prefers a longer and more specific list of reps and warranties on the part of the assignor-seller. One of the goals of the assignee in the due diligence process is to ascertain, to the greatest extent practicable, the accuracy of reps and warranties that have been or will be made by the seller.

Examples of Reps and Warranties

Examples of basic reps and warranties would include assurances that each party, if a registered entity, is in good standing; the party has power and authority to enter into the transaction without joinder of others; and there exists no condition or circumstance that would render the transaction illegal or invalid or place the party in breach of an existing contract. Additional near-core items would include assurances that each party has performed adequate due diligence and has consulted an attorney before signing.

Both assignor and assignee should also want to include a statement that neither party is making or relying upon any reps or warranties that are not expressly set forth in the assignment. The goal is to prevent anyone from assuming anything or alleging that certain assurances were oral or implied.

Reps and Warranties: Duration and Default

Once reps and warranties are negotiated, it must be determined how long they will survive closing—if at all. 30 days? 90 days? Indefinitely?

A final issue in this area has to do with remedies for default in the event of breach. Attorneys frequently include a clause requiring that such default be a material (rather than a trivial) breach in order to be legally actionable. The issue is then raised, how does one define material ? One method is to impose a monetary floor, e.g., by confining assignor liability to issues that result in a loss or cost of (say) $10,000 or more.

Assignments Made “As Is”

As noted, an assignor-seller can include basic (limited) representations and warranties and still convey an LLC membership interest “as is.” Many business persons, including lawyers, do not adequately understand this. For example, stating that one has sufficient power and authority to enter into a transaction does not suggest any representation or warranty as to the item being conveyed. It is a core representation that should probably be included in every assignment.

The key to protecting the assignor is a thorough “as is” clause. Just as is true with real estate conveyances, the more thorough and extensive the “as is” clause, the better. One-liners will generally not do. This is particularly true if there have been oral or email negotiations over a period of weeks or months. The goal should be not only to convey the interest “as is” but also to entirely exclude any statement that cannot be expressly found in writing within the four corners of the assignment instrument.

Covenants and Agreements of the Parties

Covenants and agreements address the legal obligations of the parties going forward—specifically what actions they are required to take in order to implement the assignment. Covenants and agreements of the assignor-seller would include, for example, an obligation to promptly endorse and deliver to the assignee-buyer any certificates evidencing the membership interest in question.

The assignee-buyer should also covenant and agree to abide by the company agreement and other governing documents. Since Texas is a community property state, the spouse of a new assignee should also be asked to sign off on this commitment. The best practice is to secure the signatures of both the new assignee and any non-member spouse not only on the assignment but on the company agreement itself.

Additional covenants and agreements of the parties may be (and usually are) included. This is another area that is subject to extensive negotiation and customization to the circumstances.

Recourse by Assignee upon Occurrence of Specified Conditions

The option for some form of limited or conditional recourse may be included in any assignment of interest. In the case of an LLC membership interest, the assignment could provide that, upon occurrence of certain conditions, the assignee would have the right to re-convey the membership interest and receive return of all or part of the consideration. Examples of such conditions would be any adverse event—a negative outcome in a pending lawsuit or zoning proceeding; condemnation of certain LLC property; failure of a pending joint venture; or the discovery that any representations or warranties of assignor were materially false or deceptive when made. The availability of a recourse mechanism is generally time-limited, say for 90 days after closing. Some assignments might also refer to this recourse mechanism as a right to rescind.

In any assignment instrument, the alternative to full or limited recourse is no recourse at all by the assignee-buyer. For example, real estate notes are often sold without (either full or limited) recourse against the assignor-seller in the event that the borrower on the note defaults. In such a case, absent any provision for recourse, the assignee-buyer of the note would then be in possession of a non-performing asset. The remedy is not against the assignor, but to pursue the debtor directly.

Mutual Indemnity

Ideally, and unless there are special circumstances, the assignor and assignee should release and indemnify one another for LLC-related actions, claims, liabilities, and obligations occurring before and after (respectively) the effective date of the assignment. Indemnity provisions are useful and worthwhile, but one needs to clearly understand their limitations. They are not a covenant not to sue.

Non-Compete and Non-Disclosure Provisions

Sale by a departing LLC member to another member may raise concerns that the departing member will utilize proprietary and confidential information in order to compete with the company in the same line of business within the same geographical area. Agreements regarding intellectual property and non-competition are typically stand-alone full-length contracts; nevertheless, it is possible to include compact and enforceable IP and non-compete provisions that fit smoothly and purposefully into a sale and assignment of LLC membership interest. Failing to do this can be an error with serious consequences.

Corporate Transparency Act and FinCEN Reporting

The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), an arm of the Treasury Department, is charged with rulemaking to enforce the Corporate Transparency Act which was passed in 2021. The CTA contains sweeping requirements regarding the reporting of beneficial interests in LLCs and corporations.

To the extent that a sale and assignment of LLC membership interest constitutes a change in beneficial ownership, then a report to FinCEN will likely be required. The assignment instrument should expressly address the applicability of the CTA and designate which party (usually the assignee) will be responsible for filing a supplemental FinCEN report.

If the burden of FinCEN reporting falls on the assignee, then the assignor may want to include an indemnity clause for added protection. The assignor may also want to limit liability for past FinCEN reporting.

Alternative Dispute Resolution: Mandatory Mediation

Since we live in a litigation nation, it is highly advisable to include a provision that requires mediation prior to commencing legal action. Approximately 80% of mediations result in a settlement. In other words, mediation works, at least most of the time.

A mediation clause should require the conflicting parties to first confer in good faith and attempt to resolve the dispute in a way that accommodates the legitimate interests of both sides. If agreement is reached, it should be reduced to a signed writing and implemented. If not, the parties should then agree to formally mediate the dispute before a certified mediator prior to resorting to litigation or filing any complaint with a governmental or administrative agency.

A mandatory mediation provision should also state where the mediation will be held (which city or county) and for how long (mediations are usually either a half-day or a full day). Each party should commit to bearing its own fees and costs until the mediation is concluded.

Special Provisions and Stipulations

It is useful to include a catch-all special provisions section that allows room for terms that may be specific to the subject transaction and its unique circumstances. These special agreements and provisions frequently arise and this is the place to insert them.

Stipulations are a slightly different concept. For example, an assignment of LLC membership interest may involve a new list of members. It may also require a re-allocation of percentage interests among the remaining members. So it may be beneficial to include a stipulation that after conclusion of the assignment, the new membership list (with accompanying revised percentage interests) will be as described in Exhibit A. This usefully erases any doubt as to the overall final outcome of the transaction.

As previously noted, a special meeting of members is an important companion document to the assignment of LLC membership interest. The meeting, signed by all affected parties, can not only approve the assignment but mention issues such as record date, a general ratification of the assignment and the new member list, and also authorize issuance of new membership certificates.

No Reliance and No Representation Clauses

The assignor-seller (in particular) may want to make it clear that the assignment is made and accepted by the assignee-buyer only after a proper due-diligence investigation and without reliance on any statements or assurances (especially oral ones) made by the assignor-seller or its agents.

Wrap-Up Provision Relating to Execution and Delivery of Documents and Records

It would be an oversight if an assignment of LLC membership interest failed to mention possession and delivery of company books and records, an omission that has resulted in more than a few lawsuits. An agreement to execute and deliver such additional and further documents as may be reasonably necessary to effectuate the purposes of the assignment should cover and include any affected LLC records, including the company book and accounting records. These may need to be transferred to a new assignee-owner or returned to the assignor-seller after due-diligence inspection.

Clients often do not understand why a sale and assignment of LLC membership interest cannot be a simple, one-page document. It is hoped that this article will clarify the answer to that question.

Information in this article is provided for general informational and educational purposes only and is not offered as legal advice upon which anyone may rely. The law changes. No attorney-client relationship is created by the offering of this article. This firm does not represent you unless and until it is expressly retained in writing to do so. Legal counsel relating to your individual needs and circumstances is advisable before taking any action that has legal consequences. Consult your tax advisor as well.

Copyright © 2024 by David J. Willis. All rights reserved. Mr. Willis is board certified in both residential and commercial real estate law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. More information is available at his website, www.LoneStarLandLaw.com .

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Home » LLC Interest Transfer » Assignment and Transfer of Membership Interest

Assignment and Transfer of Membership Interest

Jeramie Fortenberry, J.D., LL.M.

An LLC owner (called a member ) can transfer an ownership interest (called a membership interest ) by complying with the transfer provisions within the LLC’s operating agreement and state law. An assignment is one of the key documents a member must prepare to officially transfer a membership interest to a transferee.

What is the Purpose of an LLC Interest Assignment?

An assignment—sometimes titled assignment and transfer or assignment and assumption —serves as a written record of a member’s transfer of an LLC interest to a transferee. It is comparable to a deed that transfers real estate, but an assignment instead transfers to a new owner (the assignee or transferee ) some or all of an LLC member’s ownership rights in the company. Like some deeds, an assignment may include the member’s guarantee that he or she actually owns the interest being transferred and has the right to transfer it.

An LLC interest assignment must comply with any transfer terms, conditions, or restrictions in the company’s operating agreement. For example, an operating agreement may require other members’ consent to the transfer or limit the ownership rights that members are allowed to transfer.

An LLC owner may also prepare an assignment when offering an ownership interest as security for a loan. In that situation, the lender is the assignee and usually claims the interest only if the member fails to repay the loan. Assignments of LLC interests pledged as collateral are subject to additional laws and are not the focus of this article.

What LLC Interests Do Assignments Transfer?

A member who creates an LLC assignment customizes the assignment to the precise ownership interest the member wishes to transfer. LLC ownership interests can generally be separated into two basic interests:

• Economic rights. A member’s economic rights (sometimes called transferable interest ) include the member’s allocation of the LLC’s profits and losses and the member’s right to receive distributions from the company.
• Membership rights. A member’s membership rights—which are typically defined in the operating agreement—include the member’s right to vote on important matters, participate in the LLC’s internal affairs, and join in the management of the company (if it is member-managed).

An assignment can transfer the member’s economic rights (in whole or in part)—in which case the transferee receives a right to LLC distributions but no right to vote on LLC matters. Or, an assignment can transfer the member’s entire interest in the company. A transfer of all membership rights typically requires other members’ approval, formal admittance of the transferee as a new member, and a separate joinder agreement under which the new member accepts the LLC’s operating agreement.

What Information is Included in an LLC Membership Assignment?

An assignment must identify the transferor and the transferee, the company, and the specific interest being transferred. It should state whether the transfer applies to all or part of the transferor’s interest and whether the transferee will receive all membership rights or an economic interest only.

Assignments often also include:

• A reference to the operating agreement’s authorization of the transfer;
• A statement that the transfer has been approved under the operating agreement’s approval standard; and
• The transferor’s warranty that he or she actually owns the interest and that the assignment does not breach any other agreements.

An assignment must be signed by the member who makes the transfer and—depending on its terms—may also be signed by the transferee and on behalf of the LLC.

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One of the goals in a business divorce is finality – ending a business relationship once and for all. But what if the end isn’t really the end?

When members of limited liability companies (LLCs) sell their interests in the LLCs to a third party, they may assume that the sale provides the desired end of their rights and obligations related to the company. But that may not be the case. It is possible that even after selling and assigning an LLC interest, the assignor may continue to owe fiduciary duties to the LLC and its members. This post reviews some of the pitfalls of assigning an LLC interest and discusses strategies that may help to avoid those problems.

The Texas LLC Act – Provisions Governing  Assignments of LLC Interests

Chapter 101 of the Texas Business Organizations Code (the “LLC Act”) governs LLCs. The LLC Act provides that a member of an LLC may transfer his or her membership interest to another party in whole or in part. But the  assignment  of an LLC interest is different from the transfer of  membership  in the company. The assignment of the LLC interest does  not  give the assignee the rights to (1) participate in the management and affairs of the company; (2) become a member of the company; or (3) exercise any rights of a member of the company. The assignment of the LLC interest provides the assignee with the right to receive distributions issued by the company and information about the company’s finances, but that’s about it.

The LLC Act spells out these rights of the assignee: “An assignor of a membership interest in a limited liability company continues to be a member of the company until the assignee becomes a member of the company.” Further, the assignor does not have the right under the LLC Act to withdraw as a member from the company. (An LLC member also cannot be expelled from the company.) The result is that even after assignors assign the LLC interest and are enjoying “life on the beach,” they may still owe fiduciary duties as a member of the company.

As a side note, this discussion has assumed that there are fiduciary duties owed within the LLC at issue. But that is not always the case. The LLC Act permits the members to agree in the  company’s certificate of formation or operating agreement to modify or even eliminate all fiduciary duties that are owed to the company and its members by the managers of the LLC. Tex. Bus. Org. Code § 7.001(d)(3). While including such a provision would certainly make it safer for a member to assign an LLC interest, doing so poses its own set of risks while the company is operating.

A Case Study:  Villareal v. Saenz

The problem of fiduciary duties persisting after an assignment may sound far-fetched, but it is a real concern. In  Villareal v. Saenz , the co-owners of an LLC agreed to a business divorce in which Saenz assigned the entirety of his interest in the company to Villareal. 5:20-cv-571, 2021 WL 1986831, at *2 (W.D. Tex. May 18, 2021). The assignment was part of a broad release of claims, both known and unknown. Villareal later filed suit, alleging that before signing the release, Saenz had engaged in various acts of misconduct, including misappropriating company trade secrets and embezzling funds, and that after the release, Saenz had taken over the company’s web and email domain, pulled down the website, and offered to sell it back to Villareal for $7,000.

A magistrate judge in the Western District of Texas recommended that all claims based on alleged acts arising before the release should be dismissed for failure to state a claim. But the magistrate judge also recommended that the claims against Saenz based on actions that allegedly took place after the release – including those for breach of fiduciary duty – should proceed. The court concluded that Saenz had not demonstrated that his fiduciary duties ended when he assigned his interest in the company to Villareal, and he may have breached those fiduciary duties by maintaining dominion and control over the company’s email server and website.

Conclusion and  Recommendations

The key takeaway from  Villareal v. Saenz  is that disputes between owners regarding the fiduciary duties that exist after an assignment can be avoided by more clearly wording the company agreement or assignment. The following are specific steps that potential assignors can take before their assign their LLC interests to another party:

First, assignors can make sure that the assignment provides an end to their membership in the company by agreement of all members, along with a mechanism set forth for the assignee to assume the membership interest.

Second, assignors can include an express written release and waiver of any post-assignment duties to the company or its members (fiduciary or otherwise). This should be signed by the company and all of its members to be certain it is effective.

Third, and most importantly, assignors can make sure at the outset, when forming the company, that the operating agreement provides a mechanism for transfer of the membership interest in connection with an assignment, specifying what happens to the member’s duties (fiduciary or otherwise) when the transfer takes place.

The bottom line is that when assignor is trying to exit the company, he or she does not want to have any continuing duties to the company. To ensure this takes place, the assignment documents and the terms of the LLC Agreement should confirm that these duties no longer exist after the assignment takes place.

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Assignment of Limited Liability Company Interest

By Joe Stone, J.D.

• Do All Members of an LLC Have to Sign the Purchase Contract?

As a limited liability company member, you usually have the right to assign your membership interest in the LLC to a nonmember, subject to the requirements of state LLC law. Typically, the assignment provides the nonmember with the right to receive your share of any LLC profits but does not give the nonmember any of your management rights. The remaining LLC members usually decide whether the nonmember is admitted as a member with management rights.

Assignments

An assignment involving your LLC membership occurs whenever there is a transfer of your property rights in the membership. The transfer of rights can occur voluntarily such as in a sale of your membership to cash out of the LLC. Another type of voluntary transfer involves using your membership to satisfy your personal debts in lieu of bankruptcy, generally referred to as an assignment for the benefit of creditors. A transfer of your membership to your legal heirs or designated beneficiaries occurs by operation of law upon your death. In each situation, the assignment results in a complete transfer of your property rights in your LLC membership.

LLC Membership Interest

An LLC is commonly considered a cross between a corporation and partnership. LLC members enjoy personal liability protection, as do a corporation's shareholders, and the ability to structure the LLC management to suit their own needs, as in a partnership. An LLC is also like a partnership in that the profits and losses of the LLC are passed through to each member just as in a partnership. As a result, your LLC membership consists of two parts: an economic interest -- the right to share in the profits and losses of the LLC; and a control interest -- the right to vote on and manage the affairs of the LLC.

Membership Transfer Rules

If a member assigns his LLC membership to a nonmember without the consent of the other members, state law typically limits the assignment to only economic rights, not control rights. For example, Arizona Revised Statute 29-732 states that “the assignment of an interest in a limited liability company does not…entitle the assignee to participate in the management of the business and affairs of the limited liability company or to become or to exercise the rights of a member.” The Revised Uniform Limited Liability Act, which has been adopted in nine states as of June 2013, contains a similar provision that states, "the transferor retains the rights of a member other than the interest in distributions transferred and retains all duties and obligations of a member." To acquire control rights, the LLC members must consent to extend full membership to the nonmember.

Other Considerations

LLC members usually create an operating agreement to govern their rights and duties to the LLC and each other. Unless specifically prohibited by state law, the members can agree to provisions in the operating agreement that alter the default rules that apply under state law. In anticipation of future assignments, the members can include in an operating agreement the rules for whether control rights can be assigned with economic rights and under what conditions.

• FindLaw: Legal Dictionary -- Assignment
• Texas Secretary of State: Selecting A Business Structure
• The Free Dictionary: Limited Liability Company
• Arizona Legislature: Arizona Revised Statute 29-732
• National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws: Revised Uniform Limited Liability Act
• National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws: Enactment Status Map -- RULLCA
• SBA.gov: Operating Agreements; The Basics

Joe Stone is a freelance writer in California who has been writing professionally since 2005. His articles have been published on LIVESTRONG.COM, SFgate.com and Chron.com. He also has experience in background investigations and spent almost two decades in legal practice. Stone received his law degree from Southwestern University School of Law and a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy from California State University, Los Angeles.

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LLC Membership Interest Assignment

Choose the state where the LLC is formed (and primarily does business). This will be the state where all of the initial business documents for the LLC, like the Articles of Organization or Certificate of Formation, have been filed.

State of Alabama

This assignment ("Assignment") is made by and between the following parties: ________ , hereinafter known as "Assignor," having an address at the following:

and ________ , hereinafter known as "Assignee," having an address at the following:

Assignor, an individual, hereby assigns, transfers, and conveys all of Assignor's right, title and interest in and to all of Assignor's membership interests in ________ , a Alabama Limited Liability Company, hereinafter known as the "LLC," to Assignee, an individual. Such membership interest amounts to the following percentage ownership: ________ % (________ percent) membership interest, along with voting rights in the LLC, and this Assignment shall leave Assignor with no interest in the LLC. Assignee hereby accepts this Assignment.

This assignment is effective as of ________ and is made for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged.

Assignor hereby represents and warrants and that Assignor has good title to the membership interest conveyed herein and that Assignor has no limitations on making such assignment, such as any security interest, lien, or encumbrance.

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This assignment shall be valid and binding upon all of Assignor and Assignee's successors, transferees, heirs, and assigns.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Assignor and Assignee have caused this Assignment to be executed on the following date: ________ .

Assignor: ________

Signature: __________________________

Assignee: ________

Consent To Assignment Of Membership Interest

Each and all of the members of ________ , a Alabama Limited Liability Company, hereby consent to the assignment, transfer and conveyance of membership interest in ________ made by the attached LLC Membership Interest Assignment. Each and all of the members further agree that Assignee is now a member of ________ and Assignor retains no further interest in ________ .

Assignee shall have all the rights and powers of a member henceforth.

This consent is made on the following date: ____________________.

Name of Member: __________________________

Signature:__________________________

HOW TO CUSTOMIZE THE TEMPLATE

Answer the question, then click on "Next."

The document is written according to your responses - clauses are added or removed, paragraphs are customised, words are changed, etc.

At the end, you will immediately receive the document in Word and PDF formats. You can then open the Word document to modify it and reuse it however you wish.

LLC Membership Interest Assignment Free

When one party wants to transfer the ownership of an interest in an LLC, they can use this LLC Membership Interest Assignment. The document can also be used when one party wishes a membership interest in an LLC transferred to them.

Template Overview

When one member of an LLC, also known as a Limited Liability Company, wants to transfer their interests to another party, this LLC Membership Interest Assignment can be used. Such contracts are particularly prevalent when a member of an LLC leaves the company and wants to give up his interest.

Usually, LLC Membership Interest Assignments are created with an operating LLC. In most states, a limited liability company has to have Articles of Organization (also known as Certificates of Formation). 

An LLC can be created for any reason. If an LLC owner chooses to waive their interest in the LLC, this LLC Membership Interest Assignment can be used.

This document is quite straightforward that consists of information needed to transfer an interest in an LLC. Both the Assignor (a person transferring the interest) and the Assignee (a person receiving the interest) can fill out the information about themselves.

You fill out a form. The document is created before your eyes as you respond to the questions.

At the end, you receive it in Word and PDF formats. You can modify it and reuse it.

How to use this template

When one party wants to transfer the ownership of an interest in an LLC, they can use this document. The document can also be used when one party wishes a membership interest in an LLC transferred to them (with approval from the owner). Note that both parties should completely understand that the membership interest will be fully assigned. 

The filing party will have to specify identifying information about parties and the details of the membership interest, including percentage and whether or not it comes with voting rights. 

A completed document requires signatures from both parties.

Applicable law

Individual state laws govern LLC Membership Interest Assignments.  

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LLC Membership Interests as Collateral

It is not uncommon for lenders to take a security interest in a business owner’s ownership interest in the corporation, LLC, limited partnership or other entity as collateral for a loan to the business. For the most part, the transactions are documented through a standard pledge or assignment (the “assignment agreement”) of the stock or other evidence of ownership. While such an approach may be acceptable when the interests of a corporation are pledged, when the collateral is an interest in an LLC, savvy lenders will make sure that they use an enhanced form of assignment agreement and perhaps obtain the consents (and necessary waivers) from the other LLC members.

An enhanced form of assignment agreement is called for because an LLC has one distinct advantage over other entity forms. Under Maryland law, a judgment against an LLC member can only be enforced by imposing a charging order against the member’s interest. This is a court order requiring the LLC to pay the creditor the debtor member’s share of LLC distributions. In this respect, a charging order is akin to a wage garnishment, except it is against the member’s distributions rather than against wages.  The lender who simply obtains an assignment of a membership interest in an LLC gets no right to attach the member’s LLC interest or be admitted as a voting member . The lender cannot, therefore, participate in company management, force a sale of company assets or distribution of profits, or inspect company books.

In contrast, shares of a corporation’s stock are freely transferable absent contrary provisions in a shareholder agreement. Consequently, a lender with a security interest can typically exercise all of the associated rights of a stockholder. Upon obtaining the shares, the lender acquires the right to inspect corporate books and records and to vote on the election and removal of directors. If the shares represent a controlling interest, the lender could actually replace all the directors and officers and take over control of the corporation. Depending on the circumstances, the lender may also have the right to seek involuntary dissolution or place the corporation in receivership.

To optimize the collateral value of an LLC membership interest, lenders will want to be sure that they, as assignees, can be admitted, automatically, as full voting members of the company once they obtain ownership of the membership interest (a complex process in and of itself). Lenders will also want to scrutinize the LLC operating agreement to see if it contains provisions that either permit the company to acquire a member’s interest for a discounted value in the event of the member’s personal bankruptcy or that limit profit distributions either by making them discretionary rather than mandatory, or by restricting distributions to insolvent members. Finally, the operating agreement should be reviewed so that the lender understands any restrictions that may be placed upon the rights of an assignee who assumes a member’s interest. If such provisions are included in the operating agreement, they should be addressed in the assignment agreement as part of the negotiations over the assignment of the LLC membership interest so as to preserve the creditor’s rights and the value of charging orders.

Savvy lenders know that the LLC is the optimal form of entity for insulating company assets from owners’ personal creditors. Hence, they are the lenders that will carefully review the LLC organizational documents and only take LLC interests as collateral using an enhanced form of assignment agreement.

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LLC Membership Interest Transfer Agreement: Everything You Need to Know

An LLC membership interest transfer agreement must be filled out correctly and completely to protect members' interest. 3 min read updated on February 01, 2023

An LLC membership interest transfer agreement must be filled out correctly and completely to protect members' interest.

LLC Membership Interest Assignment

An LLC membership interest assignment document is used when a member of a limited liability company wants to transfer all of his or her interest in the business to another party. This document is used when an LLC member is leaving or wants to give up his interest in the company altogether. The law will allow the ownership interest to be transferred in some cases. 

However, this transaction means the new owner won't have a right to run the LLC. He or she will only have a share of the profits and losses. Most states require Articles of Organization to be filed when forming a limited liability company . This is in compliance with the state's laws. A limited liability company can be created and operated for any reason the business chooses, as long as they are within the law.

For example, if an individual runs a small dog-walking business, this person might want to form an LLC with a co-owner so they're both protected. If one owner no longer has an interest in the LLC, he can use the LLC Membership Interest Assignment so that interest can be assigned to someone else.

These documents are short and easy to fill out. All the information that's necessary to transfer an LLC is included. There is a spot for both the person who receives the interests (the assignee) and the person who transfers the interest (the assignor) to complete the document .

The LLC Membership Interest Assignments are governed by the laws in each state; federal law isn't involved with these. To change the LLC Membership Interest Assignments form, another form is filled out online. Once complete, it can be sent in PDF and Word formats for no charge. It can be modified and used again in the future.

LLC Membership Interest Assignment: How To Use

An owner involved in an LLC is called a member. The member's interest in the limited liability company is called the ownership stake. If any member of the LLC needs or wants to transfer ownership rights , this is done with an assignment of interest.

The LLC Membership Interest Assignment is used when a member wants to transfer his ownership in an LLC. It also can be used if a person wants that interest transferred to them, assuming the current member agrees to this. Both parties should understand that the membership interest will be reassigned. Both parties should keep a copy of the agreement on file.

The LLC Membership Interest Assignment requires this information:

• The identities of both the parties as well as additional details of the membership interest.
• Whether this interest comes with the right to vote.
• What the percentage of the membership interest is.

There is an addendum at the end of the LLC Membership Interest Assignment that is optional. This is used in case the rest of the LLC members need to give full consent to the transfer.

This form needs signatures from the party receiving the document and the party who is assigning the interest. If there are only two total members, meaning just one will be left after the transfer, the process of transfer is easy. There are several forms to fill out, but the member essentially gives all his rights in the LLC to the member who remains. This transfer process differs depending on which state the transfer takes place in.

The majority of LLC statutes distinguish between member rights and member interests. The essential difference is the transferable interest of the member often only includes the right to participate in financial interests and other distributions as well as a share of profits or losses. They do not have a right to participate in control and management.

Usually, the member's financial interest can be assigned freely, given there aren't restrictions stated in the operating agreement. For example, in Washington state, an individual or entity that's assigned the member's interest can't participate in managing the LLC. The exception to this is if the assignee is admitted as a member through agreement by all the other members or through a process listed in the operating agreement.

If you need help with an LLC membership interest transfer agreement, you can  post your legal need  on UpCounsel's marketplace. UpCounsel accepts only the top 5 percent of lawyers to its site. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law schools such as Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of legal experience, including work with or on behalf of companies like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb.

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Content Approved by UpCounsel

• Transfer of Membership Interest in LLC: Everything to Know
• LLC Membership Interest
• Sale of Membership Interest in LLC Form
• LLC Purchase Agreement
• Assignment of Interest
• Assignment of Interest In LLC
• LLC Membership Units
• How to Transfer LLC Membership Interest
• LLC Membership Certificate Sample

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2007 California Corporations Code Chapter 7. Interest In Limited Liability Company: Assignment Of Interests

Ca codes (corp:17300-17304).

Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. California may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.

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Establishes Offshore Corporations, LLCs, Trusts, and Bank Accounts · Since 1906

Russia limited liability company (llc).

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics dissolved in 1991 when Russia transformed into self rule and called itself the “Russian Federation”. It adopted a new constitution in 1993.

The Russian Federation consists of executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. The president is the chief of state representing the executive branch and is elected for four years terms by the voters. The Russian president oversees the legislative branch and is the head of the Russian Security Council and acts as the commander-in-chief of the country’s armed forces. There is no vice president. However, if the president is unable to perform his duties, the premier takes his/her place.

The Federal Assembly is its legislative branch consisting of a 178-seat Federation Council and 450-seat State Duma which represents the 21 Russian Republics and 66 independent regions and territories.

Russia’s judicial system arbitrates any disputes that arise between the executive and executive branches as well as those between local and regional governments.

Corporate legislation in Russia is guided by Russian commercial law. This law regulates corporate activity and actions, setting the various rules and boundaries for the legal actions of businesses. It also regulates how stock investments work in the country.

A Russia Limited Liability Company (LLC) qualifies for many benefits including:

• Limited Liability: Those involved in a Russia LLC are not responsible for the company’s obligations or the losses associated with the LLC. The LLC participants are only responsible for the amount of participation value they established with the company through the company’s charter.

• Only One Member Required: Russia LLCs can be formed be one person, several people, or by local or foreign corporate entities.

• Easy Withdrawal: As long as the company charter specifies it, those involved with a Russian LLC can, whenever they wish, withdraw from the corporation and get an amount that is equivalent to its pro rata share of the corporate net assets.

• Privacy: Company and limited company owners forming a Russian LLC can pick nominee shareholders in order to ensure confidentiality in the company.

• Shares are Optional: Russia LLCs do not need to issue shares. This means a Russia LLC is far more flexible when the company needs to change its charter capital.

Company Name A Russia LLC must pick a unique name that is not similar to already existing corporation or company names. There are a few other restrictions on LLC company names in Russia. Russia LLCs cannot use:

–the full or abbreviated name of state or federal authorities or Russian Federation or local government bodies.

–abbreviated or the full name of the Russian Federation, or foreign countries.

–abbreviated or the full name of any international or inter-governmental organization.

— abbreviated or the full name of any public association.

–designations counter to moral principles or the public interest.

Other name restrictions also apply:

• If the Russian Federation owns at least 70% of a LLC, then it can apply for permission to use ‘Russia’ or a derivation of the name in the company’s name.
• The LLC’s name must contain an “OOO” before its name.
• The LLC must have its full name in the Russian language, but may also have an official corporate name in a foreign language.
• The LLC’s Russian name may include foreign words translated into the Russian alphabet .

Shareholders A Russia LLC must have at least one member or shareholder (if shares will be issued).

Directors and Officers A Russia LLC is required to have at least one director. Russian offshore LLCs cannot have more than fifty participants.

Russia LLCs are formed with a two-tier management system. These two-tiers are:

• The General Participants’ Meeting, which acts as the body in the company with the most power. The General Participants’ Meeting alone can amend the company charter and approve financial reports.
• The executive body of the company or the collective executive body of the company. The executive body of the company is typically made up of the general director, president, etc. The collective executive body is made up of the management board, the directorate, etc. The executive body, whether collective or not, is expected to run the day-to-day activities of the company.

Also, the Federal Law regarding “Limited Liability Companies” allows a LLC to create a Board of Directors. If such a board is formed, it must oversee the company’s general activities. However, Russia LLCs are not required to form a Board of Directors.

Authorized Capital A Russia LLC must have a minimum authorized capital of RUR 10,000 ($330 USD).

Fifty percent of this capital must be paid on the date the company files to become an LLC.

Taxes The corporate flax tax rate in Russia is 20% which applies to a LLC.

Annual Fees Annual registration for a Russia LLC costs 2000 rubles ($70 USD). Other yearly fees also apply, which includes the registration of the company’s seal, and the registration at the State Committee for Statistics, which usually costs about $80 USD.

Public Records A Russia LLC should be aware that corporate records regarding directors and shareholders may be made open to the public. However, for those that wish to keep privacy, nominee directors and shareholders can be utilized. Using the option to name nominee directors and shareholders will retain privacy and confidentiality for the company.

Accounting and Audit Requirements Russia LLCs only require internal audits when more than 15 participants make up the company.

Annual General Meeting A Russia LLC is required to hold an annual general meeting. They must complete the General Participants’ Meeting, and this group has the most power in the company. During the General Participants’ Meeting, these participants typically amend the company charter and approve financial reports.

Time Required for Registration A Russia LLC can expect the entire registration process to take about thirty days. This turnaround time depends on the company’s success with name approval, and their attentiveness and completeness with company registration documentation.

Shelf Companies A Russia LLC can purchase a shelf company to speed up the registration process.

A Russia Limited Liability Company (LLC) qualifies for many benefits including: limited liability for its members, only one member required to form a LLC, issuing shares is optional, privacy afforded with nominee shareholders, and a member can easily withdraw if the company charter allows it.

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• Company Moscow City Telephone Network

RU0009036461

Integrated telecommunications services, business summary.

Sales per Business

Sales per region, members of the board, share class, shareholders, company contact information.

Moscow City Telephone Network PJSC

25/1, Bolshaya Ordynka Street

119017, Moscow

Sector Wired Telecommunications Carriers

• Stock Market