manet thesis

Communication and Distributed Systems

Stochastic modeling of mobile ad hoc networks.

Ad Hoc Networks are computer networks that do not require any infrastructure (e.g. Access Points) for its devices to exchange information, relying on a cooperative, distributed information relaying to deliver the message from the source device to the destination device. If the wireless devices in this network are mobile, we talk about a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) and if the devices' mobility is constrained or very fast (for example when the wireless devices are installed on vehicles), we talk about Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET).

The main issues with MANETs and VANETs is that their topology is highly dynamic and every node generates and relays network traffic simultaneously, which makes it difficult to model how the information is exchanged between two devices in the network.

Having accurate models to predict network performance can improve the efficiency with which the MANET is utilized, and can enable use cases with strict performance requirements in terms of throughput and delay (e.g. road safety and health services dispatching).

Several studies aim at modeling such networks, with various limitations in terms of model generality or realism. The goal of a thesis on this topic is to advance the understanding of MANET performance in a variety of scenarios and to update the constantly advancing landscape of proposed models.

Related Literature: [1]  On Performance Modeling for MANETs Under General Limited Buffer Constraint [2]  Effect of Mobility Model and Packet Size on Throughput in MANET's [3]  Towards empirical study based mathematical modeling for throughput of MANETs [4]  Modeling path duration distributions in MANETs and their impact on reactive routing protocols [5]  On the Throughput and Delay in Ad Hoc Networks With Human Mobility

M.Tech/Ph.D Thesis Help in Chandigarh | Thesis Guidance in Chandigarh

[email protected]

+91-9465330425

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

The mobile ad hoc network is the type of network which is decentralized in nature. In the mobile ad hoc network nodes simply configure together to form the network. In the network single hop and multi-hop type of communication is possible which forms a direct and indirect type of communication. When the two nodes are in the range of each other they can directly communicate with each other through direct communication. In the meanwhile multi-hop type of communication is the one in which nodes can indirectly communicate through intermediate nodes.

• Samiran Gupta 14 &
• Harsh Nath Jha 15  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 196))

380 Accesses

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) has been a challenging field with its foremost criteria like heterogeneity of nodes, dynamic topology, energy constraint and security over the years. MANETs are globally popular for their cost-effectiveness ease of access and configuration. However, MANETs are vulnerable to many types of attacks like Blackhole, Wormhole, Grayhole, etc., which makes MANETs pretty much risky to rely upon when scaling up on a large scale. Under mobile ad hoc networks, all the transmission between the mobile nodes occurs wirelessly. Due to the infrastructure-less, self-organizing and dynamic nature of the nodes, it is an arduous task to enforce any security solutions against these kinds of vulnerabilities. Ad hoc on-demand vector (AODV), a supremely significant route-on-demand routing protocol for MANET, relies on the routing table at each intermediate node location. In this paper, we are mainly analyzing the performance of a MANET under Grayhole attack as per AODV routing protocol using NS-2 simulation environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save.

• Get 10 units per month
• Download Article/Chapter or eBook
• 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
• Cancel anytime
• Available as PDF
• Read on any device
• Instant download
• Own it forever
• Available as EPUB and PDF
• Compact, lightweight edition
• Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
• Free shipping worldwide - see info
• Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Impact Analysis of Blackhole, Flooding, and Grayhole Attacks and Security Enhancements in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using SHA3 Algorithm

Improved AODV Performance in DOS and Black Hole Attack Environment

Simulation based comparative study of routing protocols under wormhole attack in manet.

Aarti SST (2013) Study of MANET: characteristics, challenges, application and security attacks. Int J Adv Res Comput Sci Softw Eng 3(5)

Google Scholar  

Ali H, Shahzad W, Khan FA (2012) Energy-efficient clustering in mobile ad-hoc networks using multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Appl Soft Comput 12(7):1913–1928

Article   Google Scholar  

Cho J-H, Chen R, Chan KS (2016) Trust threshold based public key management in mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Netw 44:58–75

Das SK, Tripathi S (2018) Intelligent energy-aware efficient routing for MANET. Wirel Netw 24(4):1139–1159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1388-7

Gupta S, Das B (2013) Load based reliable routing in multi-sink sensor networks. Res Inventy Int J Eng Sci 2(12):59–64

Jha HN, Gupta S, Maity D (2020) Effect of wormhole attacks on MANET. In: Design frameworks for wireless networks . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9574-1_8

Sharma R (2016) Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol 7(3):1457–1460 (IJCSIT)

Dhaka A, Nandal A, Dhaka RS (2015) Gray and black hole attack identification using control packets in MANETs. Procedia Comput Sci 54:83–91. ISSN 1877–0509

Aarti PR (2015) Prevention and elimination of gray hole attack in mobile ad-hoc networks by enhanced multipath approach. Int J Eng Trends Technol (IJETT) 23(5):224–229. ISSN:2231–5381

Mittal V (2015) Prevention and elimination of gray hole attack in mobile ad-hoc networks by enhanced multipath approach. Int J Adv Res Comput Eng Technol (IJARCET) 4(5)

Yang H, Luo H, Ye F, Lu S, Zhang L (2004) Security in mobile ad hoc networks: challenges and solutions. UCLA Previously Published Works

Castellanos WE, Guerri JC, Arce P (2015) A QoS-aware routing protocol with adaptive feedback scheme for video streaming for mobile networks. Comput Commun 77:10–25

Perkins CE, Royer EM (1999) Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE workshop on mobile computing systems and applications, pp 90–100

Sheikh R, Chande MS, Mishra DK (2010) Security issues in MANET: a review. IEEE

Goyal P, Parmar V, Rishi R (2011) MANET: vulnerabilities, challenges, attacks, application. IJCEM Int J Comput Eng Manage 11:32–37

Lupu TG, Rudas I, Demiralp M, Mastorakis N (2009) Main types of attacks in wireless sensor networks. In: WSEAS international conference. Proceedings. Recent advances in computer engineering

Maheshwari R, Gao J, Das SR (2007) Detecting wormhole attacks in wireless networks using connectivity information. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2007–26th IEEE international conference on computer communications, pp 107–115

John NP, Thomas A (2012) Prevention and detection of black hole attack in AODV based mobile ad-hoc networks—a review. Int J Sci Res Publ 2(9)

Xu W, Trappe W, Zhang Y, Wood T (2005) The feasibility of launching and detecting jamming attacks in wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing, pp 46–57

Dai HN, Wang Q, Li D, Wong RC (2013) On Eavesdropping attacks in wireless networks with directional antennas. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 9(8):760834

Jhaveri RH, Patel SJ, Jinwala DC (2012) DoS attacks in mobile ad hoc networks: a survey. In: 2nd international conference on advance computing and communication technologies, pp 535–541

Sen B, Sharma K, Ghose MK, Sharma A (2015) Gray hole attack in manets. Int J Adv Electron Comput Sci 2(10). ISSN: 2393–2835

Basarkod PI, Manvi SS (2015) Mobility and QoS aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Comput Electr Eng 48:86–99

Ning P, Sun K (2005) How to misuse AODV: a case study of Insider attacks against mobile ad-hoc routing protocols. Ad Hoc Netw 3(6):795–819

Nguyen HL, Nguyen UT (2008) A study of different types of attacks on multicast in mobile ad hoc networks. J Ad Hoc Netw 6:32–46

Deng H, Li W, Agrawal DP (2002) Routing security in wireless Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Commun Mag 40(10):70–75

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, West Bengal, 713305, India

Samiran Gupta

Department of Information Technology, Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, West Bengal, 713305, India

Harsh Nath Jha

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samiran Gupta .

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sarala Birla University, Birla Knowledge City, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

Santosh Kumar Das

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India

Sourav Samanta

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS University, Kolkata, India

Nilanjan Dey

Yudiz Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Bharat S. Patel

Department of Information Technology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Aboul Ella Hassanien

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Gupta, S., Jha, H.N. (2021). Performance Analysis of MANET Under Grayhole Attack Using AODV Protocol. In: Das, S.K., Samanta, S., Dey, N., Patel, B.S., Hassanien, A.E. (eds) Architectural Wireless Networks Solutions and Security Issues. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 196. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0386-0_15

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0386-0_15

Published : 24 April 2021

Publisher Name : Springer, Singapore

Print ISBN : 978-981-16-0385-3

Online ISBN : 978-981-16-0386-0

eBook Packages : Engineering Engineering (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Publish with us

Policies and ethics

• Find a journal
• Track your research

Read The Diplomat , Know The Asia-Pacific

• Central Asia
• Southeast Asia

Environment

• Asia Defense
• China Power
• Crossroads Asia
• Flashpoints
• Pacific Money
• Tokyo Report
• Trans-Pacific View

Photo Essays

• Write for Us
• Subscriptions

In Search of Hun Manet’s Bristol University PhD Thesis

Recent features.

Indian Government’s Intensifying Attack on Scientific Temperament Worries Scientists

Beyond Tariffs: Unveiling the Geopolitics of Electric Vehicles Through Supply Chains

In Photos: Bangladesh After Hasina Fled

First Known Survivor of China’s Forced Organ Harvesting Speaks Out 

Nuclear Shadows Over South Asia: Strategic Instabilities in the China-India-Pakistan Triad

Securing America’s Critical Minerals: A Policy Priority Conundrum

The Geopolitics of Cambodia’s Funan Techo Canal

The Killing of Dawa Khan Menapal and the Fall of Afghanistan’s Republic

How Bangladesh’s Quota Reform Protest Turned Into a Mass Uprising Against a ‘Killer Government’  

Jammu and Kashmir: Five Years After the Abrogation of Its Autonomy

A Grand Coalition and a New Era in Mongolia

Dealing With China Should Be a Key Priority for the New EU Leadership

Asean beat  |  politics  |  southeast asia.

In 2009, Cambodia’s new prime minister was awarded a doctorate in economics – but it is nearly impossible to access his thesis.

Cambodia’s Prime Minister Hun Manet addresses the National Assembly on August 22, 2023.

The PhD thesis written by Hun Manet, who took over as Cambodian prime minister from his father Hun Sen last month, is harder to obtain than you might think.

Hun Manet was awarded a PhD by Bristol University in the U.K. in 2009 for his dissertation entitled, “What determines the firm size distribution and structural integration? A cross-county study.”

The thesis supervisor Jonathan Temple, who has since left the university, told me that the work was an econometric study of firm-size distribution measuring the relative importance of small and medium-sized companies across different countries. It was not, Temple added, specifically about Cambodia. The role of the supervisor is to oversee the progress of the research, and in no case would a supervisor be among the examiners who decide whether a PhD is awarded.

It’s hard to say much more about the thesis given the university’s refusal to make it available. It was submitted before the university had a requirement for electronic submissions, so it exists in hard copy only and it is held at the Bristol University library.

Going to the library, however, would not enable the thesis to be publicly discussed given that the university will not allow a full copy of it to be made. Neither is the institution willing to send the hard copy outside: a request by a colleague to have the thesis sent on an inter-library loan to the British Library, which is a standard way of getting access to unpublished academic work, was refused by Bristol.

It is therefore effectively impossible for the work to be discussed, which would normally lead to scholarship in the field being advanced. Neither can any practical implications for Cambodia be evaluated. An expert econometrician would need to sit and digest the 232-page document on the spot, and even then would hardly be able to initiate a public discussion of the work without being able to copy it.

This doesn’t break any rules. No-one is obliged to make their PhD thesis publicly available and original research which has potential commercial value, for example, is likely to be kept secret. But it’s still hard to understand why a doctor of economics,who has since become prime minister of a least developed country, would not want to make his work open to discussion.

So I made a request to Bristol University under the U.K.’s Freedom of Information laws to ask for the thesis to be released and for permission for a copy to be made, either in Bristol or at the British Library. Unpublished academic research is exempt from freedom of information legislation in the U.K., but this exemption is subject to a test of whether the public interest would be served by disclosure.

I put it to the university that there is a clear public interest rationale for such a release given the poverty levels in Cambodia – per head annual incomes of less than $2,000, according to the United Nations – and the fact that the thesis might reasonably be expected to be relevant in finding ways to address the issue. The Cambodian diaspora in the U.K. is tiny, and may not include even a single person with the qualifications to evaluate the thesis.

The university responded that the fact that a hard copy exists in the library, which, of course, can’t be copied, means that it is not obliged to release it. It also refused to disclose the names of the examiners. These will have included at least one academic from outside Bristol University, known as an “external examiner.”

The main challenge for many PhD candidates is to get the external examiner(s), who has/have no connection with the institution, to approve the thesis. Even if public interest grounds of finding out their identities and the countries where their institutions are based were established, there is no legal requirement for them to be released. Bristol says that to do so would violate U.K. data protection laws.

Taking a PhD at a British university, especially as a non-European student, is an expensive business far beyond the reach of most Cambodians. Hun Sen has publicly used his son’s academic credentials as a justification for handing over dictatorial powers to his son. The handover took place following national elections in July this year, which, as in 2018, took place without a recognized opposition party being allowed to stand.

British academia wonders why it is perceived as being irrelevant and out of touch, yet one of its leading institutions seems, at present, to prefer to make sure public discussion of this thesis is kicked into the long grass. There is the right to appeal this decision for an internal review, and that appeal has already been made. A further refusal would open the way to an appeal to the U.K. government’s Information Commissioner.

Cambodia’s CPP Claims Lopsided Victory in Senate Elections

By sebastian strangio.

Cambodia Gears Up For Low-Stakes Senate Election

Cambodia’s Former PM Sues Rights Activist For Defamation

Cambodian PM Sacks City Mayor Amid Firings and Demotions

By luke hunt.

By Shawn Rostker

Guangzhou Shows Why China Is So Attractive to the Global South

By gabriele manca.

Fresh Reports Emerge of Rohingya Killings in Western Myanmar

By Mehedi Hasan Marof

By Snigdhendu Bhattacharya

By Peng Gao, Zhen Zhang, and Yayuan Mo

By Tasnim Nazeer

• Our Promise
• Our Achievements
• Our Mission
• Proposal Writing
• System Development
• Paper Writing
• Paper Publish
• Synopsis Writing
• Thesis Writing
• Assignments
• Survey Paper
• Conference Paper
• Journal Paper
• Empirical Paper
• Journal Support
• MANET Thesis Writing Assistance

MANET is a self-configuring network to transmit the data between moving nodes through a wireless medium . This network is made up of a huge number of mobile devices in the absence of permanent infrastructure. On this page, we can see the important MANET Thesis Ideas with their upcoming research areas!!!

One of the main characteristics of manet is the mobility of nodes which eventually change the network topology often. Due to this free movement of nodes, each node works as a router for forwarding the packets to the other network node . Below, we have given you the different kinds of wireless communication networks for general awareness.  

Types of Wireless Networks

• Infrastructure
• Ad-hoc Networks
• Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs)
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
• Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)
• Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)
• Wireless Mesh Networks ( WMSs)

Now, we can see the key features of the MANET. These characteristics play a major role in the success of modern communication developments in mobile computing . On one side, it sophisticated features and on the other side, it has some limitations like network breakage, constrained resources , etc. Let’s see a few of them in the following,  

What are the characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks?

• Utilize the multi-hop routing technique for transmission
• Support fast application/system development and deployment
• It works independently by self-governing and self-regulating features without the control of central authority
• Utilizes resource-constrained sensors, power batteries, bandwidth, and more
• High possibility of regular communication link breaks down because of the node mobility

Further, we have listed the performance metrics used to evaluate the system efficiency . These parameters will vary based on the simulation environs and handpicked MANET thesis topic (i.e., challenge). The performance metrics can be varied due to the environmental, and research challenges of MANET .

• Network Latency
• Fault Tolerance
• Ease of Deployment
• Delay-Capacity Tradeoff
• Packet Delivery Rate (PDR)
• Control and Traffic Overheads

Now, we can see the list of research challenges suggested by our experts. These issues are collected from our recent study of MANET developments . All the below-given issues are very important since it is looking forward to effective solutions.  

Research Challenges in MANET

• Dynamic Topology : The free movement of the nodes in the network may result in lacking the reliability/trust between the nodes.  

Power Management :

In the MANET, many of the deployed nodes are worked by their consumed energy from the battery. But, unfortunately, batteries have limited capacity so it requires effective power management techniques to increase the battery lifespan and decrease power usage.

• Routing : It is the ever-popular research issue in MANET because the constant network topology variation requires the optimal routing techniques to transfer data. All these techniques should adapt to all runtime changes without affecting the actual function of the network.
• QOS : To enhance the quality of service for end-users, techniques to reduce latency and improve the bandwidth and reliability are required.
• Limited Bandwidth : MANET is an infrastructure-less network because of its mobility nature. So, the network link has restricted capacity than the infrastructure network. On the other side, throughput is lower than the radio’s data rate because of the impact of noise, intervention, fading, etc.
• Radio Interface : For wireless moving devices, the packets are transferred through the antenna or radio interface. So, it requires advanced techniques for forwarding and receiving packets with the assurance of no packet loss.
• Route Changes Due To Mobility : The reason behind the network structure variation is the continuous movement of the nodes in the network. Due to this mobility, the node may leave the existing network or join the new network. At that time, the route will change from one network to other.
• Battery Constraints : For accomplishing the portability, compact size, and lightweight features in devices, the sensors are designed with limited power capacity.
• Security Threats : Basically, all wireless networks have security threats and vulnerabilities when the data are passed over the internet. In MANET, communication medium has the threats of overhearing and modification of the data. Further, it also possibility of facing other security attacks.   

How Mobile Nodes Communicate?

MANET typically uses WiFi and other different wireless communication mediums. In other cases, it uses wireless LAN or internet based on the requirements of the network. For instance, the vehicles on the roads are connected to the nearby roadside unit (RSU) through VANET technology which is the subset of the MANET. After that, it is easy to launch the communication between the vehicles.

As a matter of fact, MANET is constructed in a peer-to-peer (P2P) structure with the self-forming feature. This helps to create interaction at the frequency band ranges from 30MHz and 5GHz. 

Further, it is used in many real-time application areas such as smart cities, vehicular interaction, medicine, emergency disaster alert, etc. Below, we have listed the generally used communication technologies and standards in MANET applications,

• Cellular Standards (5G, 4.5G, 4G)
• WiFi Standards (IEEE 802.11ay and IEEE 802.11ax)

Now, we can see a list of the latest MANET Thesis Topics from top-demanded research areas . These ideas are given to you only after the deep study in the current research areas. In order to update the recent developments, our resource team regularly refers to current research articles and journal papers. This helps us to present you the novel current research notions in the following,  

Trending Top 14 MANET Thesis Topics 

• Fast Modeling of network structure and protocol
• Rang-free Node Location Tracking
• New innovations in Security and Privacy Mechanisms
• Power Optimization and Control
• Multi-hop based Time-Varying Network Synchronization
• Dynamic Topology Design and Control
• Advance Techniques for Multi-Sources Data Aggregation
• Effective Resource Distribution and QoS Provisioning
• Enhancement of Routing Scalability and Network Capacity
• Improved Routing, TCP, and MAC Protocols
• Advance Techniques to improve System Robustness and Reliability
• MANET Network Performance Management and Control
• Scalable QoS based Semantic Service Discovery in MANET

When you talk about the research areas and ideas , you also want to know the dataset information. Since the dataset you are choosing is also has a significant role in your MANET project development . Here, we have given you the few processes that need the dataset to execute.

• Trajectory Planning
• Prediction of Node Mobility
• Anomaly Intrusion Detection
• Selection of Optimal Route
• Multi-factor Decision Making
• Cluster Analysis and Optimization

For illustration, we have taken the “CICIDS2017” dataset as a sample to demonstrate to you what kind of data the dataset holds, how the network information is labeled, what is the special feature of the dataset, what attacks are involved in the dataset , and more.  

Datasets for MANET

• Real-life Attacks in the form of PCAP files
• Network Traffic Analysis Attack results collected from CICFlowMeter in the form of CSV files
• Columns: Source and Destination (IP and Ports), Timestamp, Attacks, and Protocols
• For real background traffic, we used 25 users abstract behavior
• Protocols: email, FTP, HTTP, SSH, and HTTPS
• Web Attack, Brute Force FTP/SSH, Heartbleed, DoS / DDoS, Infiltration, and Botnet
• It is recorded on 4 weekdays in both morning and evening shifts
• Open Source
• zip – Include labeled flows of network flows with full packet payloads and profiles (pcap file)
• zip – Include machine and deep learning approaches (csv file)

Now, we can see the MANET Thesis writing information . After the research and development, next, we move on to thesis writing only. It is also an important phase in research since it will deliver your research works to the readers and followers. Here, we have given you how effectively we prepare the best Thesis for you.

How We Write PhD / MS Thesis?

• At first, we present the objective of the study by mentioning the need for the study
• Next, we give the complete context theoretical information for the study. So that, the reader/follower can grasp the importance of your handpicked research problem
• After that, we acknowledge the existing work that made you start this MANET Thesis with proper references and citations. This helps the readers to collect the relevant information of your question for better understanding
• Then, we give the crispy thesis introduction which mainly emphasizes the thesis objective and question. Here, we make sure that our cited work is in a straight line to hit the thesis objectively.
• Afterward, we elucidate the current and future scope of your research
• Next, we present your research work in different chapters that includes literature survey, system architecture, proposed methodologies, analysis, result in discussion, and conclusions
• At last, we direct the readers to track the flow of the thesis through the table of contents

Overall, we serve you from interested area identification to thesis submission . You can find us as a one-stop research service to avail best guidance for Manet Thesis from our experts. So, if you are willing to know more about our service, then communicate with us.

MILESTONE 1: Research Proposal

Finalize journal (indexing).

Before sit down to research proposal writing, we need to decide exact journals. For e.g. SCI, SCI-E, ISI, SCOPUS.

Research Subject Selection

As a doctoral student, subject selection is a big problem. Phdservices.org has the team of world class experts who experience in assisting all subjects. When you decide to work in networking, we assign our experts in your specific area for assistance.

Research Topic Selection

We helping you with right and perfect topic selection, which sound interesting to the other fellows of your committee. For e.g. if your interest in networking, the research topic is VANET / MANET / any other

Literature Survey Writing

To ensure the novelty of research, we find research gaps in 50+ latest benchmark papers (IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, MDPI, Hindawi, etc.)

Case Study Writing

After literature survey, we get the main issue/problem that your research topic will aim to resolve and elegant writing support to identify relevance of the issue.

Problem Statement

Based on the research gaps finding and importance of your research, we conclude the appropriate and specific problem statement.

Writing Research Proposal

Writing a good research proposal has need of lot of time. We only span a few to cover all major aspects (reference papers collection, deficiency finding, drawing system architecture, highlights novelty)

MILESTONE 2: System Development

Fix implementation plan.

We prepare a clear project implementation plan that narrates your proposal in step-by step and it contains Software and OS specification. We recommend you very suitable tools/software that fit for your concept.

Tools/Plan Approval

We get the approval for implementation tool, software, programing language and finally implementation plan to start development process.

Pseudocode Description

Our source code is original since we write the code after pseudocodes, algorithm writing and mathematical equation derivations.

Develop Proposal Idea

We implement our novel idea in step-by-step process that given in implementation plan. We can help scholars in implementation.

Comparison/Experiments

We perform the comparison between proposed and existing schemes in both quantitative and qualitative manner since it is most crucial part of any journal paper.

Graphs, Results, Analysis Table

We evaluate and analyze the project results by plotting graphs, numerical results computation, and broader discussion of quantitative results in table.

Project Deliverables

For every project order, we deliver the following: reference papers, source codes screenshots, project video, installation and running procedures.

MILESTONE 3: Paper Writing

Choosing right format.

We intend to write a paper in customized layout. If you are interesting in any specific journal, we ready to support you. Otherwise we prepare in IEEE transaction level.

Collecting Reliable Resources

Before paper writing, we collect reliable resources such as 50+ journal papers, magazines, news, encyclopedia (books), benchmark datasets, and online resources.

Writing Rough Draft

We create an outline of a paper at first and then writing under each heading and sub-headings. It consists of novel idea and resources

Proofreading & Formatting

We must proofread and formatting a paper to fix typesetting errors, and avoiding misspelled words, misplaced punctuation marks, and so on

Native English Writing

We check the communication of a paper by rewriting with native English writers who accomplish their English literature in University of Oxford.

Scrutinizing Paper Quality

We examine the paper quality by top-experts who can easily fix the issues in journal paper writing and also confirm the level of journal paper (SCI, Scopus or Normal).

Plagiarism Checking

We at phdservices.org is 100% guarantee for original journal paper writing. We never use previously published works.

MILESTONE 4: Paper Publication

Finding apt journal.

We play crucial role in this step since this is very important for scholar’s future. Our experts will help you in choosing high Impact Factor (SJR) journals for publishing.

Lay Paper to Submit

We organize your paper for journal submission, which covers the preparation of Authors Biography, Cover Letter, Highlights of Novelty, and Suggested Reviewers.

Paper Submission

We upload paper with submit all prerequisites that are required in journal. We completely remove frustration in paper publishing.

Paper Status Tracking

We track your paper status and answering the questions raise before review process and also we giving you frequent updates for your paper received from journal.

Revising Paper Precisely

When we receive decision for revising paper, we get ready to prepare the point-point response to address all reviewers query and resubmit it to catch final acceptance.

Get Accept & e-Proofing

We receive final mail for acceptance confirmation letter and editors send e-proofing and licensing to ensure the originality.

Publishing Paper

Paper published in online and we inform you with paper title, authors information, journal name volume, issue number, page number, and DOI link

MILESTONE 5: Thesis Writing

Identifying university format.

We pay special attention for your thesis writing and our 100+ thesis writers are proficient and clear in writing thesis for all university formats.

Gathering Adequate Resources

We collect primary and adequate resources for writing well-structured thesis using published research articles, 150+ reputed reference papers, writing plan, and so on.

Writing Thesis (Preliminary)

We write thesis in chapter-by-chapter without any empirical mistakes and we completely provide plagiarism-free thesis.

Skimming & Reading

Skimming involve reading the thesis and looking abstract, conclusions, sections, & sub-sections, paragraphs, sentences & words and writing thesis chorological order of papers.

Fixing Crosscutting Issues

This step is tricky when write thesis by amateurs. Proofreading and formatting is made by our world class thesis writers who avoid verbose, and brainstorming for significant writing.

Organize Thesis Chapters

We organize thesis chapters by completing the following: elaborate chapter, structuring chapters, flow of writing, citations correction, etc.

Writing Thesis (Final Version)

We attention to details of importance of thesis contribution, well-illustrated literature review, sharp and broad results and discussion and relevant applications study.

How PhDservices.org deal with significant issues ?

1. novel ideas.

Novelty is essential for a PhD degree. Our experts are bringing quality of being novel ideas in the particular research area. It can be only determined by after thorough literature search (state-of-the-art works published in IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, ACM, ScienceDirect, Inderscience, and so on). SCI and SCOPUS journals reviewers and editors will always demand “Novelty” for each publishing work. Our experts have in-depth knowledge in all major and sub-research fields to introduce New Methods and Ideas. MAKING NOVEL IDEAS IS THE ONLY WAY OF WINNING PHD.

2. Plagiarism-Free

To improve the quality and originality of works, we are strictly avoiding plagiarism since plagiarism is not allowed and acceptable for any type journals (SCI, SCI-E, or Scopus) in editorial and reviewer point of view. We have software named as “Anti-Plagiarism Software” that examines the similarity score for documents with good accuracy. We consist of various plagiarism tools like Viper, Turnitin, Students and scholars can get your work in Zero Tolerance to Plagiarism. DONT WORRY ABOUT PHD, WE WILL TAKE CARE OF EVERYTHING.

3. Confidential Info

We intended to keep your personal and technical information in secret and it is a basic worry for all scholars.

• Technical Info: We never share your technical details to any other scholar since we know the importance of time and resources that are giving us by scholars.
• Personal Info: We restricted to access scholars personal details by our experts. Our organization leading team will have your basic and necessary info for scholars.

CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVACY OF INFORMATION HELD IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE AT PHDSERVICES.ORG. WE HONEST FOR ALL CUSTOMERS.

4. Publication

Most of the PhD consultancy services will end their services in Paper Writing, but our PhDservices.org is different from others by giving guarantee for both paper writing and publication in reputed journals. With our 18+ year of experience in delivering PhD services, we meet all requirements of journals (reviewers, editors, and editor-in-chief) for rapid publications. From the beginning of paper writing, we lay our smart works. PUBLICATION IS A ROOT FOR PHD DEGREE. WE LIKE A FRUIT FOR GIVING SWEET FEELING FOR ALL SCHOLARS.

5. No Duplication

After completion of your work, it does not available in our library i.e. we erased after completion of your PhD work so we avoid of giving duplicate contents for scholars. This step makes our experts to bringing new ideas, applications, methodologies and algorithms. Our work is more standard, quality and universal. Everything we make it as a new for all scholars. INNOVATION IS THE ABILITY TO SEE THE ORIGINALITY. EXPLORATION IS OUR ENGINE THAT DRIVES INNOVATION SO LET’S ALL GO EXPLORING.

Client Reviews

I ordered a research proposal in the research area of Wireless Communications and it was as very good as I can catch it.

I had wishes to complete implementation using latest software/tools and I had no idea of where to order it. My friend suggested this place and it delivers what I expect.

It really good platform to get all PhD services and I have used it many times because of reasonable price, best customer services, and high quality.

My colleague recommended this service to me and I’m delighted their services. They guide me a lot and given worthy contents for my research paper.

I’m never disappointed at any kind of service. Till I’m work with professional writers and getting lot of opportunities.

- Christopher

Once I am entered this organization I was just felt relax because lots of my colleagues and family relations were suggested to use this service and I received best thesis writing.

I recommend phdservices.org. They have professional writers for all type of writing (proposal, paper, thesis, assignment) support at affordable price.

You guys did a great job saved more money and time. I will keep working with you and I recommend to others also.

These experts are fast, knowledgeable, and dedicated to work under a short deadline. I had get good conference paper in short span.

Guys! You are the great and real experts for paper writing since it exactly matches with my demand. I will approach again.

I am fully satisfied with thesis writing. Thank you for your faultless service and soon I come back again.

Trusted customer service that you offer for me. I don’t have any cons to say.

I was at the edge of my doctorate graduation since my thesis is totally unconnected chapters. You people did a magic and I get my complete thesis!!!

- Abdul Mohammed

Good family environment with collaboration, and lot of hardworking team who actually share their knowledge by offering PhD Services.

I enjoyed huge when working with PhD services. I was asked several questions about my system development and I had wondered of smooth, dedication and caring.

I had not provided any specific requirements for my proposal work, but you guys are very awesome because I’m received proper proposal. Thank you!

- Bhanuprasad

I was read my entire research proposal and I liked concept suits for my research issues. Thank you so much for your efforts.

- Ghulam Nabi

I am extremely happy with your project development support and source codes are easily understanding and executed.

Hi!!! You guys supported me a lot. Thank you and I am 100% satisfied with publication service.

- Abhimanyu

I had found this as a wonderful platform for scholars so I highly recommend this service to all. I ordered thesis proposal and they covered everything. Thank you so much!!!

Related Pages

Visiting Sleeping Beauties: Reawakening Fashion?

You must join the virtual exhibition queue when you arrive. If capacity has been reached for the day, the queue will close early.

Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Essays

Édouard manet (1832–1883).

The Spanish Singer

Edouard Manet

Boy with a Sword, Turned Left

Mademoiselle V. . . in the Costume of an Espada

Young Man in the Costume of a Majo

Young Lady in 1866

The Monet Family in Their Garden at Argenteuil

The Dead Christ with Angels

Édouard Manet, Seated, Turned to the Left

Edgar Degas

Madame Manet (Suzanne Leenhoff, 1829–1906) at Bellevue

Head of Jean-Baptiste Faure (1830–1914)

Rebecca Rabinow Department of European Paintings, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

October 2004

Édouard Manet—the eldest son of an official in the French Ministry of Justice—had early hopes of becoming a naval officer. After twice failing the training school’s entrance exam, the teenager instead went to Paris to pursue a career in the arts. There he studied with Thomas Couture and diligently copied works at the Musée du Louvre.

The biennial (and later, annual) Paris Salons were considered the most expedient way for an artist to make himself known to the public, and Manet submitted paintings to Salon juries throughout his career. In 1861, at the age of twenty-nine, he was awarded the Salon’s honorable mention for The Spanish Singer ( 49.58.2 ). His hopes for continued early success were dashed at the subsequent Salon of 1863. That year, more than half of the submissions to the official Salon were rejected, including Manet’s own. To staunch public outcry, Napoleon III ordered the formation of a Salon des Refusés. Manet exhibited three paintings, including the scandalous Déjeuner sur l’herbe (Musée d’Orsay, Paris). The public professed to be shocked by the subject of a nude woman blithely enjoying a picnic in the company of two fully clothed men, while a second, scantily clad woman bathes in a stream. While critics recognized that this scene of modern-day debauchery was, to a certain degree, an updated version of Titian’s Concert champêtre (a work then thought to be by Giorgione; Musée du Louvre, Paris), they ruthlessly attacked Manet’s painting style.

Manet’s submissions to the Salon of 1864 were again condemned by critics, who found errors of perspective in his Incident at a Bullfight (fragments of which are now at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., and the Frick Collection, New York) and a lack of decorum in The Dead Christ with Angels ( 29.100.51 ). The latter picture, in particular, was denounced for its realistic touches, such as the cadaverous body of Christ and the seemingly human angels. It was argued that the painting lacked any sense of spirituality; the figure of the battered Christ was said to more closely resemble the body of a dead coal miner than the son of God.

Despite his efforts, Manet’s modern scenes remained a target of criticism throughout the decade. Olympia (Musée d’Orsay, Paris) was considered the most shocking work in the 1865 Salon. Its debt to Titian ‘s  Venus of Urbino (Gallerie degli Uffizi, Florence) only accentuated the wide gulf of public opinion vis-à-vis a reclining nude woman as subject matter: a goddess was perfectly acceptable, but a contemporary prostitute awaiting her client was not.

Dejected by the critical response to his art, Manet traveled to Spain in August 1865. His interest in Spanish culture already had been apparent for years, with paintings such as The Spanish Singer , Mademoiselle V… , and Young Man in the Costume of a Majo . He garbed his studio models in Andalusian costumes and outfitted them with Spanish props, often in fanciful ways. For example, the left-handed model of The Spanish Singer ( 49.58.2 ) presses on nonexistent chords of a guitar strung for a right-handed player. A stereotypical Spanish still life rests next to his espadrille-clad feet. Similarly, Victorine Meurent, the female model of Mademoiselle V… ( 29.100.53 ), is shown wearing men’s clothes, as well as shoes that are impractical for a bullfighting ring. Stylistically, many of these paintings reveal a clear debt to the art of Velázquez and Goya .

After being rejected from the Salon of 1866 and learning that he was to be excluded from the Exposition Universelle of 1867 as well, Manet grew anxious to find an audience for his art. He used his inheritance to construct a pavilion across the street from one of the entrances to the Exposition Universelle. Inside were fifty of his pictures, including several large works now in the Metropolitan’s collection: A Matador ( 29.100.52 ) and Young Lady in 1866 (Woman with a Parrot) ( 89.21.3 ). Earlier that year, the artist’s first champion, Émile Zola, had published a lengthy and glowing article about Manet. “The future is his,” Zola proclaimed. He insisted that the much-maligned Déjeuner sur l’herbe (which was included in Manet’s 1867 exhibition) would one day hang in the Louvre. Zola proved prophetic; it took almost seventy years, but the painting entered the collection of the Louvre (now Musée d’Orsay) in 1934.

By all accounts, the sociable Manet was on good terms with many of his peers. He had met Edgar Degas in 1859, when they both copied paintings at the Louvre; he befriended Berthe Morisot, who eventually married his younger brother; and he spoke with countless others during the now-famous evening gatherings at the Café Guerbois. His first encounter with Claude Monet was strained due to Manet’s belief that Monet was copying his style in “despicable pastiches,” then signing them with a signature too close to Manet’s own. After the confusion was cleared, the men became close, as is obvious in a work such as The Monet Family ( 1976.201.14 ). Boating ( 29.100.115 ), also painted during the summer of 1874, records a moment when Manet, Monet, and Auguste Renoir painted together at Argenteuil, a suburb northwest of Paris. That spring, Degas, Monet, and Morisot were among the artists who exhibited together as the Société Anonyme des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs (an event more commonly referred to as the first Impressionist exhibition). Manet declined invitations to participate in this or any of the seven subsequent exhibitions organized by the group. They nonetheless influenced one another and shared an interest in modern subjects, plein-air painting, bright colors (often purchased ready-made, in tube form), and visually arresting cropping (inspired by both photographs and Japanese prints ).

When Manet’s health began to deteriorate toward the end of the decade, he was advised to take a cure at Bellevue. In the summer of 1880, he rented a villa in that Parisian suburb, and he painted his last portrait of his wife, the Dutch-born pianist Suzanne Leenhoff, in the villa’s garden ( 1997.391.4 ). The following spring, he won a second-class medal at the Salon for his portrait of Henri Rochefort (Kunsthalle, Hamburg), and in the fall he was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. He continued to work until his premature death in April 1883.

Within a year, a posthumous exhibition of 179 of his paintings, pastels, drawings, and prints was organized at the École des Beaux-Arts, the officially sanctioned art school. At least one critic commented on the irony of the location for an artist whose works had been ridiculed and refused by so many Salon juries. It seems unlikely that Manet would have minded. He himself wrote that he had “no intention of overthrowing old methods of painting, or creating new ones.” The critic Louis Gonse viewed things slightly differently. “Manet is a point of departure, the symptomatic precursor of a revolution,” he wrote. To this day, Manet is still considered by many art historians to be the father of modernism.

Rabinow, Rebecca. “Édouard Manet (1832–1883).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mane/hd_mane.htm (October 2004)

Related Essays

• Francisco de Goya (1746–1828) and the Spanish Enlightenment
• Gustave Courbet (1819–1877)
• Impressionism: Art and Modernity
• Nineteenth-Century French Realism
• The Salon and the Royal Academy in the Nineteenth Century
• Auguste Rodin (1840–1917)
• Claude Monet (1840–1926)
• Edgar Degas (1834–1917): Painting and Drawing
• Frans Hals (1582/83–1666)
• Georges Seurat (1859–1891) and Neo-Impressionism
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864–1901)
• Henri Matisse (1869–1954)
• Mary Stevenson Cassatt (1844–1926)
• Nadar (1820–1910)
• Nineteenth-Century Classical Music
• The Nude in Baroque and Later Art
• Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)
• Paul Gauguin (1848–1903)
• Shoes in The Costume Institute
• Titian (ca. 1485/90?–1576)
• Unfinished Works in European Art, ca. 1500–1900
• Velázquez (1599–1660)
• Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890)
• Women Artists in Nineteenth-Century France
• France, 1800–1900 A.D.
• Southern Europe, 1800–1900 A.D.
• 19th Century A.D.
• French Literature / Poetry
• Impressionism
• Oil on Canvas
• Preparatory Study
• Romanticism

Artist or Maker

• Cassatt, Mary
• Degas, Edgar
• Eakins, Thomas
• Manet, Édouard
• Monet, Claude
• Morisot, Berthe
• Renoir, Auguste

Online Features

• The Artist Project: “Kalup Linzy on Édouard Manet”
• The Artist Project: “Zoe Beloff on Édouard Manet’s Civil War (Guerre Civile) “
• Connections: “Opera” by Irina Shifrin

• Yesterday Visitors : 399
• Total Countries : 46

WORMHOLE ATTACK IN MANET THESIS

     Wormhole Attack in Manet Thesis attracts majority of scholars today due to its wide research scope. Why we have focused on Thesis here, you may think, it is due to the reason that Thesis is the most important aspect of Research. Sometimes, only due to few grammatical or language flaw, your entire research career gets wasted. We feel that every scholar must be hassle free regarding their research, with this initiative in mind; we have started our esteemed institute 7 years before. Today we are world renowned for our service and guidance, which has benefitted nearly 5000+ students worldwide.

We have native English writers and research experts, who can enlighten your research career with their expertise and experience. We start our service from topic selection, and work till you complete your external viva voice. In short, we provide all round support for your thriving research completion.

Our thesis Preparation steps:

• Novel Conceptualization[Mining of Novel ideas]
• Research proposal preparation
• Complete Implementation[along with graph and comparison result]
• Research publication[SCI,SCOPUS,SPRINGER]
• Viva voice presentation support

WORMHOLE-ATTACK-IN MANET THESIS

      A Wormhole Attack in Manet Thesis is one of the recent areas of research due to the increasing security breach in Ad hoc Networks. You may think that why we have emphasized on Wormhole attack in MANET in this article. It is simple to say that MANET is itself a vast area of research, in which Wormhole-attack is most significant topic of research in the present scenario.  In Worm-hole is a type of Network attack which confuses the routing path during the packet transmission. The attacker sends a route request [Shortest path request] to attract the legitimate user and creates an attack scenario. If more than one attacker is present, they form a tunnel in the network, which completely reduces the performance of Network.

      Now, you may the importance of this article, you can work on the ways to overcome the wormhole attacks in MANET to improve the performance of Network. Or you can also take any other attack scenario and work over it. Enhancing security and performance is the major need of MANET. We are ready to extend our guiding hands to provide our complete guidance and support on any topic/ research work, you wish to undertake.

LET’S LEARN ABOUT WORMHOLE ATTACK:

Types of Attacking Modes in Wormhole Attack:

Hidden Mode:

-Packet Encapsulation:

• This Packet transmission takes place through the legitimate path but when the attacker receives the packet, it encapsulates it, to prevent the nodes by incrementing the hop counts.

-Packet Replay:

• In this mode of attack, two malicious nodes are present far away from the legitimate user, but they make the legitimate node to believe that they are their neighboring nodes.

Participation Mode:

-High Power Transmission:

• In this mode, the malicious node has high transmission capability, which attracts the legitimate node to perform packet transmission

-Out of Band:

• Here two ended wormhole attackers are present using the dedicated out of band of high bandwidth channel to create a wormhole link

Causes of Wormhole-Attack:

• Leakage of traffic information
• Packet drops
• Modification of packet information
• Route disruption
• Alteration in the sequence of packet

Method to overcome Worm-hole-Attacks:

• Statistical Analysis of Multi-path[SAM]
• Transmission time based methods
• Digital signature based methods
• Hello message timing Intervals
• Geographical and topology based methods

    We have given an overview about Wormhole attack in MANET. This will be useful for you to take your further research work. If you feel to quarry novel and innovative ideas for your research accomplishment, have an online session with our experts.

NEED YOUR THESIS TO SPEAK ABOUT YOUR POTENTIAL……………

COMMIT WITH US TODAY,………………..GET YOUR THESIS

TOMORROW…………..