how to cite a research briefing harvard

Q. How do I reference a House of Commons Briefing paper (OSCOLA)?

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Answered By: Claire Mazer Last Updated: 16 Oct, 2023     Views: 9734

See the example used here:  Shale gas and fracking (parliament.uk)

Use the pattern described at OSCOLA s.3.4 Other Secondary Sources: author, | ‘title’ | (additional information, | publisher | year) also adding: <URL link> accessed date month year.

The author and title are immediately clear from the document. In the centre of the citation you have (additional information, | publisher | year) so use the following information: (Briefing Paper No CBP 6073, House of Commons Library 31 March 2020). The link to the paper should be non-live, i.e. just text as follows in this example: < https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06073/SN06073.pdf  >. The date of access is when you accessed the briefing paper, and uses a specific date format, for example: 16 October 2023. Avoid using th after 16 (as in 16 th  ). The month should be provided in full (October), not Oct or 16/10/23. The year should also be provided in full (2023).

Footnote:  Sara Priestley, 'Shale gas and fracking'  (Briefing Paper No CBP 6073, House of Commons Library 31 March 2020)  < https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06073/SN06073.pdf  > accessed  16 October 2023.

Remember in your bibliography Sara Priestley’s (the author) name will appear as Priestley S, … rest of citation…

Bibliography:  Priestley S,  'Shale gas and fracking'  (Briefing Paper No CBP 6073, House of Commons Library 31 March 2020)  < https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06073/SN06073.pdf  > accessed  16 October 2023.

For further help, please contact Claire Mazer (Law librarian) [email protected] or the Academic Services team [email protected]

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• House of Commons / Lords paper

Leeds Harvard: House of Commons / Lords paper

Reference examples.

Government department/committee/organisation. Year. Title . (House name abbreviated (ie HC or HL) series number, parliamentary session). Place of publication: Publisher.

National Audit Office. 2005. Returning failed asylum applicants . (HC 76, 2005-06). London: The Stationery Office.

Online House of Commons/Lords paper

If you are referencing a House of Commons or House of Lords paper you found online, this should be indicated in the reference. Government department/committee/organisation. Year. Title . (House name abbreviated (ie HC or HL) series number, parliamentary session). [Online]. Place of publication: Publisher. [Date accessed]. Available from: URL

Security Industry Authority. 2018. Annual report and accounts, 2016/17. (HC 744, 2017-19). [Online]. London: The Stationery Office. [Accessed 15 May 2018]. Available from: https://0-www-publicinformationonline-com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/  

Citation examples

Command paper or house of commons/lords paper.

In the citation, always use the name of the Government organisation/department/comittee in place of that of an individual author. When the organisation name is not mentioned in the text, the ciation consists of the organisation's name and the year of publication in brackets.

According to a recent report, flu jabs are as important as travel vaccines (Department of Health, 2017).

If you have already named the organisation in the text, only the publication year needs to be mentioned in brackets.

A recent report by the Department of Health (2017) emphasised that flu jabs are as important as travel vaccines.

Common issues

When you're referencing with Leeds Harvard you may come across issues with missing details, multiple authors, edited books, references to another author's work or online items, to name a few. Here are some tips on how to deal with some common issues when using Leeds Harvard.

Skip straight to the issue that affects you:

• Online items
• URL web addresses
• Multiple authors
• Corporate author(s) or organisation(s)
• Locating publisher details
• Multiple publisher details
• Editions and reprints
• Missing details
• Multiple sources with different authors
• Sources written by the same author in the same year
• Sources with the same author in different years
• Two authors with the same surname in the same year
• The work of one author referred to by another
• Anonymising sources for confidentiality
• Identifying the authors’ family name (surname)

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House of Commons paper

To be made up of:

• Parliament. House of Commons
• Year of publication (in round brackets).
• Title (in italics).
• HC session and paper number (in round brackets)
• Place of publication: publisher.

In-text citation:

Parliament. House of Commons, 1974).

Reference list:

Parliament. House of Commons (1974). Milk production. Government observations on the eighth report from the Expenditure Committee. (HC 1974-1975 311). London: House of Commons. 

House of Lords paper

• Parliament. House of Lords
• HL session and paper number (in round brackets, with the exact paper number also in round brackets). 

The additional round brackets help to distinguish House of Lords papers from House of Commons papers. 

(Parliament. House of Lords, 2004).

Parliament. House of Lords (2004). Electricity from renewables: the first report. (HL 2003-2004 (19)). London: The Stationery Office. 

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House of Commons and House of Lords Papers examples

These include standard notes and briefing papers (see also Command Papers for White and Green Papers).

Example: in text citation Policy and funding arrangements for students with disabilities in post-16 education are outlined (Author, Year, Page).

Format: reference    Author, initial. (Date)  Title.  SN Number. Place of publication: Publisher.

Example: in text citation    Policy and funding arrangements for students with disabilities in post-16 education are outlined (Hubble, 2012, p.3).

Example: reference    Hubble, S. (2012) S upport for students with learning difficulties and disabilities in post-16 education in England . SN/SP/6341. London: House of Commons Library.

Note:  In the case of briefing papers, use Briefing Paper number instead of SN Number after the title, e.g. Briefing Paper 6899.

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Q. How do I reference a House of Commons report, debate or paper?

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Answered By: Sarah Purcell Last Updated: Jan 25, 2024     Views: 3869

There are a number of different Parliamentary record formats listed on the Cite Them Right website - browse to Category Legal - Official records of Parliament for your chosen referencing style. 

Links to Harvard guidance include:

• Hansard ('record of debate, speeches, oral and written answers/statements and Westminster Hall discussions' - available to search online )
• House of Commons and House of Lords papers - these include author, date, title, a paper number in brackets, finishing with place and publisher, OR URL/date of access if online. See also Publications and records on the UK Parliament website .
• House of Commons Library reports - again, these include author, date, title, series title and report number in brackets, then place/publisher OR URL/date of access if online. See also House of Commons Library website .

Example House of Commons committee paper:

Parliament. House of Commons. (2023)  Policing Priorities: fifth report of Session 2022-23  (HC 635). Available at: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5803/cmselect/cmhaff/635/report.html (Accessed: 25 January 2024).

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How to Cite a Report in Harvard Style?

Published by Alaxendra Bets at August 30th, 2021 , Revised On August 23, 2023

A report is an official document that summarises some sort of information for a specific audience. It serves a highly specific objective, too. Reports are mostly in written form, although their summaries might be presented orally.

Companies, banks, accountants and industry groups, etc. are mostly the ones who make the most use of reports in their daily work routine. Some reports are meant to present minor project details every now and then.

But reports on a larger scale are to be presented to a certain audience in a company meeting, for example. Such large-scale reports might even go on to become published on a company’s official platform.

Additionally, reports might also be published in higher-order platforms, such as databases. Commonly used reports databases include Business Source Premier, Factiva, DataAnalysis, etc.

In-text Citation and Reference Formats with Examples

Harvard style follows this basic format for referencing and citing a report from a company’s website, a database and even for a company profile (if it’s in the form of a report).

In-text citation: (Author Surname, Year Published)

Reference list entry: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title of the Report in italics. Series Number. [online] City: Publisher, p.# for a single page or pp.# for page range. Available at: http://Website URL [Accessed Date Accessed].

In case the author’s surname is missing, the title of the report is written in place of the author’s name instead (exemplified further below).

For example:

In-text citation: 9 (GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS AND FOLLOW UP, 2014)

Reference list entry: GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS AND FOLLOW UP. (2014). NHS Diabetes.

Citing a report from a Database

In such a case, the name of the database is considered as the author’s name. The format for citing such a source is:

In-text citation: ( Author Surname Year) OR

(Author Surname Year, Page number)

Reference list entry: Author Surname, Initial(s), Year, Title of the Report in italics, viewed Day Month Year, Name of the Database.

In-text citation: (Datamonitor 2010) OR

(Datamonitor 2010, p. 13)

Reference list entry: Datamonitor 2010, Rio Tinto SWOT analysis , viewed 20 January 2012, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost.

Citing a report from a Company Profile or Website

In this case, the name of the report’s creator is mentioned. The format for citing such a source in Harvard style is the same as that of a report obtained from a database.

Here is an example of a report cited from an Australian company platform called IBISWorld. Its report that is being cited here, mentions the report analyst (surname Stephen) who created it.

In-text citation: (Stephen 2012) OR

(Stephen 2012, p. 24)

Reference list entry: Stephen, T 2012, IBISWorld Industry Report L7714. Retail Property Operators in Australia , viewed 20 January 2013, IBISWorld.

Citing an annual report

Citing an annual report in print form

The basic format for such a source in Harvard style is:

In-text citation: (Corporate author Year) OR

(Corporate author Year, page)

Reference list entry: Corporate Author, Year, Full title of the annual report in italics, Publisher, Place of Publication.

In-text citation: (Tabcorp 2012) OR

(Tabcorp 2012, p. 2)

Reference list entry: Tabcorp 2012, Annual report 2012 , Tabcorp Holdings Limited, Melbourne.

Citing an online annual report

In case it’s an online annual report, the citation format remains the same, whereas the reference list entry format becomes:

Corporate Author, Year, Full title of the annual report in italics, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

In-text citation: (Woolworths Limited 2015) OR

(Woolworths Limited, p. 12)

Reference list entry: Woolworths Limited 2015, Annual report 2015 , viewed 10 December 2015, <http://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/ annualreport/2015/files/Woolworths_AR_2015.pdf>.

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Frequently Asked Questions

To cite a report in Harvard style:

• Author(s) last name, first initial.
• Year of publication.
• Title of report in italics.
• Report series or number (if applicable).
• URL (if accessed online). Example: Smith, J. (2023). Report Title. Report Series No. Publisher. URL

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Citing Journals may vary slightly in style, depending on the style used by the journal.

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title. In: Publication Title. [online] City: Publisher, p.Pages Used. URL [Accessed Date Accessed].

Find the easiest ways to cite the images in our “how to cite images in Harvard Style” guide

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• Referencing and plagiarism

Quick guide to Harvard referencing (Cite Them Right)

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There are different versions of the Harvard referencing style. This guide is a quick introduction to the commonly-used Cite Them Right version. You will find further guidance available through the OU Library on the Cite Them Right Database .

For help and support with referencing and the full Cite Them Right guide, have a look at the Library’s page on referencing and plagiarism . If you need guidance referencing OU module material you can check out which sections of Cite Them Right are recommended when referencing physical and online module material .

This guide does not apply to OU Law undergraduate students . If you are studying a module beginning with W1xx, W2xx or W3xx, you should refer to the Quick guide to Cite Them Right referencing for Law modules .

Table of contents

In-text citations and full references.

• Secondary referencing
• Page numbers
• Citing multiple sources published in the same year by the same author

Full reference examples

Referencing consists of two elements:

• in-text citations, which are inserted in the body of your text and are included in the word count. An in-text citation gives the author(s) and publication date of a source you are referring to. If the publication date is not given, the phrase 'no date' is used instead of a date. If using direct quotations or if you paraphrase a specific section in the source you also need the page number/s if available, or paragraph number for web pages.
• full references, which are given in alphabetical order in a  reference list at the end of your work and are not included in the word count. Full references give full bibliographical information for all the sources you have referred to in the body of your text.

To see a reference list and intext citations check out this example assignment on Cite Them Right .

Difference between reference list and bibliography

a reference list only includes sources you have referred to in the body of your text.

a bibliography includes sources you have referred to in the body of your text AND sources that were part of your background reading that you did not use in your assignment.

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Examples of in-text citations

You need to include an in-text citation wherever you quote from, summarise, or paraphrase from a source. An in-text citation consists of the last name of the author(s), the year of publication, and a page number if relevant. There are a number of ways of incorporating in-text citations into your work - some examples are provided below. You should include page numbers in your citation if you are quoting directly from, paraphrasing , or using ideas from a specific page or set of pages. You do not need to include page numbers if you are summarising (providing a brief overview of the main topics or points) a complete source, e.g. a whole book. You can see further examples of setting out in-text citations in Cite Them Right .

Example with one author:

Almeroth-Williams, T. (2019) City of Beasts: How Animals Shaped Georgian London . Manchester: Manchester University Press.

RSPCA (2024) Caring for cats and kittens . Available at: https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/cats (Accessed: 1 August 2024).

Example with two or three authors:

Grayling, A. and Ball, B. (2024) ' Philosophy is crucial in the age of AI', The Conversation , 1 August. Available at: https://theconversation.com/philosophy-is-crucial-in-the-age-of-ai-235907 (Accessed: 1 August 2024).

Chu, M., Leonard, P. and Stevenson, F. (2012) ' Growing the Base for Citizen Science: Recruiting and Engaging Participants', in J.L. Dickinson and R. Bonney (eds.) Citizen Science: Public Participation in Environmental Research . Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 69-81.

Example with four or more authors:

Young, H.D. et al. (2015) Sears and Zemansky's university physics . San Francisco, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Note: You can choose one or other method to reference four or more authors (unless your School requires you to name all authors in your reference list) and your approach should be consistent.

Online module materials

(Includes written online module activities, audio-visual material such as online tutorials, recordings or videos).

When referencing material from module websites, the date of publication is the year you started studying the module.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication/presentation) 'Title of item'. Module code: Module title . Available at: URL of VLE (Accessed: date).

OR, if there is no named author:

The Open University (Year of publication/presentation) 'Title of item'. Module code: Module title . Available at: URL of VLE (Accessed: date).

Rietdorf, K. and Bootman, M. (2022) 'Topic 3: Rare diseases'. S290: Investigating human health and disease . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1967195 (Accessed: 24 January 2023).

The Open University (2022) ‘3.1 The purposes of childhood and youth research’. EK313: Issues in research with children and young people . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1949633&section=1.3 (Accessed: 24 January 2023).

You can also use this template to reference videos and audio that are hosted on your module website:

The Open University (2022) ‘Video 2.7 An example of a Frith-Happé animation’. SK298: Brain, mind and mental health . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=2013014&section=4.9.6 (Accessed: 22 November 2022).

The Open University (2022) ‘Audio 2 Interview with Richard Sorabji (Part 2)’. A113: Revolutions . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1960941&section=5.6 (Accessed: 22 November 2022).

Note: if a complete journal article has been uploaded to a module website, or if you have seen an article referred to on the website and then accessed the original version, then you reference the original journal article with no mention of the module materials. If only an extract from an article is included in your module materials that you want to reference you should follow the guidance for extracts on the referencing physical and online module material page.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of message', Title of discussion board , in Module code: Module title . Available at: URL of VLE (Accessed: date).

Fitzpatrick, M. (2022) ‘A215 - presentation of TMAs', Tutor group discussion & Workbook activities , in A215: Creative writing . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/forumng/discuss.php?d=4209566 (Accessed: 24 January 2022).

Note: When an ebook looks like a printed book, with publication details and pagination, reference as a printed book.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title . Edition if later than first. Place of publication: publisher. Series and volume number if relevant.

For ebooks that do not contain print publication details

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title of book . Available at: DOI or URL (Accessed: date).

Bell, J. (2014) Doing your research project . Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Adams, D. (1979) The hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy . Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Accessed: 23 June 2021).

Note: Books that have an editor, or editors, where each chapter is written by a different author or authors.

Surname of chapter author, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of chapter or section', in Initial. Surname of book editor (ed.) Title of book . Place of publication: publisher, Page reference.

Franklin, A.W. (2012) 'Management of the problem', in S.M. Smith (ed.) The maltreatment of children . Lancaster: MTP, pp. 83–95.

Note: When referencing a chapter of an edited book, your in-text citation should give the author(s) of the chapter.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Journal , volume number (issue number), page reference.

If accessed online:

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Journal , volume number (issue number), page reference. Available at: DOI or URL (if required) (Accessed: date).

Shirazi, T. (2010) 'Successful teaching placements in secondary schools: achieving QTS practical handbooks', European Journal of Teacher Education , 33(3), pp. 323–326.

Shirazi, T. (2010) 'Successful teaching placements in secondary schools: achieving QTS practical handbooks', European Journal of Teacher Education , 33(3), pp. 323–326. Available at: https://libezproxy.open.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/log... (Accessed: 27 January 2023).

Barke, M. and Mowl, G. (2016) 'Málaga – a failed resort of the early twentieth century?', Journal of Tourism History , 2(3), pp. 187–212. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2010.523145

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Newspaper , Day and month, Page reference.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Newspaper , Day and month, Page reference if available. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Mansell, W. and Bloom, A. (2012) ‘£10,000 carrot to tempt physics experts’, The Guardian , 20 June, p. 5.

Roberts, D. and Ackerman, S. (2013) 'US draft resolution allows Obama 90 days for military action against Syria', The Guardian , 4 September. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/04/syria-strikes-draft-resolut... (Accessed: 9 September 2015).

Surname, Initial. (Year that the site was published/last updated) Title of web page . Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Organisation (Year that the page was last updated) Title of web page . Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Robinson, J. (2007) Social variation across the UK . Available at: https://www.bl.uk/british-accents-and-dialects/articles/social-variation... (Accessed: 21 November 2021).

The British Psychological Society (2018) Code of Ethics and Conduct . Available at: https://www.bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-ethics-and-conduct (Accessed: 22 March 2019).

Note: Cite Them Right Online offers guidance for referencing webpages that do not include authors' names and dates. However, be extra vigilant about the suitability of such webpages.

Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of photograph . Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Kitton, J. (2013) Golden sunset . Available at: https://www.jameskittophotography.co.uk/photo_8692150.html (Accessed: 21 November 2021).

stanitsa_dance (2021) Cossack dance ensemble . Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/COI_slphWJ_/ (Accessed: 13 June 2023).

Note: If no title can be found then replace it with a short description.

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Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite a report in Harvard

To cite a report in a reference entry in Harvard style include the following elements:

• Author or organization: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.
• Year of publication: Give the year in round brackets.
• Title of the report: Give the title as presented in the source. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or the USA.
• Publisher: Give the name of the publisher.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a report in Harvard style:

Author or organization . ( Year of publication ) Title of the report . Place of publication : Publisher .

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the Harvard style guidelines in action:

A report in print by one author

Loban, W . ( 1976 ) Language Development: Kindergarten through Grade Twelve . Washington, DC : Office of Education .

Langer, J. A . ( 1987 ) How Writing Shapes Thinking: A study of Teaching and Learning . Washington, DC : National Institute of Education .

This citation style guide is based on the Cite Them Right (10 th edition) Harvard referencing guide.

More useful guides

• UQ Harvard referencing style: Report
• Citing & Referencing: Harvard Style
• Harvard referencing tutorial

More great BibGuru guides

• Chicago: how to cite a master's thesis
• Chicago: how to cite a C-Span video
• Chicago: how to cite a PhD thesis

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From our blog

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• Library & Learning Center
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Format Papers & Cite Sources

• Harvard Style
• Citing Sources
• Avoid Plagiarism
• MLA Style (8th/9th ed.)
• APA Style, 7th Edition
• Chicago Style

What is Harvard Style?

What you need to know, harvard style tutorial.

• Other Styles
• Annotated Bibliographies
• How to Create an Attribution

Harvard Style

The Harvard referencing system is known as the Author-Date style . It emphasizes the name of the creator of a piece of information and the date of publication, with the list of references in alphabetical order at the end of your paper.

Unlike other citation styles, there is no single, definitive version of Harvard Style. Therefore, you may see a variation in features such as punctuation, capitalization, abbreviations, and the use of italics. 

Always check with your instructor and follow the rules he or she gives you.

• Harvard Style Guidelines Your class handout
• Harvard Referencing Quick Guide From Staffordshire University

Harvard Style will affect your paper in two places:

• In-text citations in the body of your paper, and
• The reference list at the end of your paper
• All in-text citations should be listed in the reference list at the end of your paper.
• Reference list entries need to contain all the information that someone reading your paper would need in order to find your source.
• Reference lists in Harvard Style are arranged alphabetically by first author.
• Begin your Reference list on a new page after your text and number it consecutively.

Sample References List:

Click on the Links Below to See Additional Examples:

• Sample Paper Paper provided by Kurt Olson
• Harvard Citation Examples Document created by The University of Western Australia

Click on the image below to launch this tutorial that was created by the University of Leeds. The section on Citing in Text is especially useful.

• << Previous: Chicago Style
• Next: Other Styles >>
• Last Updated: Nov 6, 2024 11:03 AM
• URL: https://libguides.mjc.edu/citeyoursources

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and CC BY-NC 4.0 Licenses .