financial analysis essay example

How to Write a Financial Analysis Report for Your Business

In this Article

Is your business worth investing in? For most of you, the answer is a definitive 'Yes.' But in the business world, talk is cheap. So if you want to attract investors, you'll need to be able to walk the talk, i.e., put your money where your mouth is. 

There's no better way to do that than with a financial analysis report. After all, numbers don't lie. They're the smoking gun investors need before investing in your business. 

Want to learn how to write a financial analysis report that attracts investors? This article covers six simple steps to follow. But first:

What is a financial analysis report?

A financial analysis report shows the financial performance of your business over a specified period of time, usually on a quarterly or yearly basis. It's like a medical report but for your business's financial health. 

In several countries, financial reporting is a requirement. The Securities and Exchange Commission requires companies to disseminate these digital reports to their shareholders in the United States. In addition, these financial reports are usually made available to the public if they're publicly-listed companies

A financial analysis report is invaluable to both you and your stakeholders. Let's discuss why you need it in the next section.

How does a financial analysis report help?

To make the right financial decisions for your business, you need data. This helps you lay a solid foundation for future performance and economic growth opportunities. 

However, you need to be able to keep track of and make sense of all your financial data. That's where a financial analysis report comes in. It helps you organize, analyze, and paint a clearer picture of your business's cash flow and allows for seamless management of business expenses too.

Aside from those, here are a couple of more reasons why you need a financial analysis report:              

Ensures transparency

A financial analysis report is easy on the eyes. It's a watered-down version of your finances that communicates essential data you need to make financial decisions. 

You ensure the transparency your stakeholders want, too. 

Tracks cash flow

Generally, financial reports help you understand cash inflows and outflows . For example, if you know your affiliate sales and operating expenses, the cost of getting links to increase website traffic , social media marketing campaign expenditure, and the money coming in, you can make better financial decisions. 

The information can help with debt ratios, budgeting, debt-to-asset financial ratio analysis, and calculating profit margins. 

Suggested Reads: 10 Ways to Improve Your Business's Finance Position

Allows for data-driven forecasting

Historical and real-time financial data help create financial models to predict future financial performance. These reports help you identify trends, patterns, and problems. As a result, you can plan for them early enough. 

Simplifies taxation

To create a financial analysis report, you must have all your data in a single document. It becomes easier for you to do your taxes, saves you time, and reduces the chances of making errors. Moreover, it's an official document that the Internal Revenue Service can use to calculate your taxes.

At the end of the day, the goal of a financial report is to provide insight into your organization's finances. Then, using both historical and current data, you can set SMART business goals to make better decisions for future performance. 

Finally, it's essential to consider the ongoing nature of financial analysis and the need for periodic reviews. Implementing a project review process allows you to regularly assess the financial health of your business, identify any emerging trends or issues, and make informed adjustments to your financial strategies. This continuous evaluation ensures that your financial analysis remains up-to-date and relevant, providing you and your stakeholders with accurate insights into your business's performance.

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Benefits of a periodic financial analysis

Financial analysis makes it easy for you to identify the strengths and weaknesses of your business. Using that information will not only help your business grow but also thrive. What's more, doing financial analysis over specific periods helps you stay on top of your game by:

Helping manage debts

A periodic financial analysis includes a financial ratio analysis; specifically, a Liquidity Ratio called the Current Ratio Analysis. The Current Ratio is the sum of all your current assets divided by the sum of your current liabilities. It shows if you're liquid enough to meet your upcoming debts. So, if you aren't, you can adjust your financial strategy the soonest.

Determining profitability

When you perform a periodic financial analysis, you can determine your company's profitability and make regular adjustments. A profitability ratio is a financial metric that can help you cut production costs and boost your bottom line. 

You can use a profitability ratio (featured below) to determine your profit margin on sales, i.e., your gross profit margin. Here's the formula. 

It's your sales revenue minus the total cost of goods sold (COGS) divided by revenue. 

Managing inventory

Another perk of doing financial analysis over a specific period is that it helps you better manage inventory . This way, you ensure it's always enough to meet projected sales. You do this using a financial management ratio called the Inventory Turnover Ratio. 

Calculate the Turnover Ratio by dividing your total sale by your inventory.  

Checking stability and revenue growth 

The results of a periodic financial analysis yield your debt-to-equity ratio, too. It's a financial metric that shows how you've raised capital for your business. You want to check your stability and revenue growth every step of the way to determine whether your business is viable in the long run.

The debt-equity ratio is calculated by dividing your total liabilities by your shareholder's equity. It's usually included when you write a financial analysis report. 

Generally speaking, the higher your debt-equity ratio, the higher the risk, and vice versa. Investors use this financial metric to check your company's stability and ability to raise money to grow. 

Optimizing for growth

Financial analysis over specific periods helps you identify opportunities to optimize operational efficiency for revenue growth. That is, regular annual reports help you spot patterns and trends. This allows you to nip problematic areas in the bud and prepare in advance. 

For instance, you can adjust seasonal sales fluctuations, variable costs, etc. 

How to write a financial analysis report

Now that you understand a financial analysis report's 'what' and 'why,' it's time to look at the 'how.' 

Here's how to write a financial analysis report:          

1. Give an overview of the company

The first section of your financial analysis report is the company overview. Here, you want to highlight the potential of your business. It's pretty much what you do in a business plan . Investors rely on your company overview to understand your competitive edge. 

The question you want to answer here is - is your business worth the investment you're asking for? Think of the introductions in business plans or on Shark Tank to give you a better idea. As a general rule of thumb, you want to use plain language when writing your description.

You want to share, in brief, your history, business model, type of organization, description, etc. You can share what sector you're in as well as the size and scale of your business. 

Featured below is an excellent example of a fictional company's overview.        

Start by reviewing your quarterly or yearly financing activities, financial data, and statements. Then go through published business studies and industry-specific trade journals. 

You should consider adding a snippet about how you compare to the industry average among your competitors. Like a business plan, you want to show potential investors why they should choose you. You can use Porter's Five Forces model to analyze your competition. 

2. Write sales forecast and other vital sections

It pays to be as precise and comprehensive as possible when writing the main content. So, you’ll need to organize your data and, sometimes, make some calculations yourself. For instance, when writing your sales forecast , you need your sales data for the past three years before you organize it in financial reporting software or spreadsheets. Tally the data on a yearly, monthly (for the 1st year), and quarterly (for the last two years) basis. 

You can write this part using a spreadsheet. But feel free to use financial reporting software if spreadsheets aren’t your cup of tea. 

There are other sections you should create for your report’s main body. 

Let’s look at them one by one:

• Expense budget

With your sales forecast in place, it's time to figure out how much it'll cost. When setting up your expense budget , ensure it includes variable costs like your marketing budget and fixed costs like rent. In addition, you'll need to create an estimate for items like interest and taxes. 

• Cash flow statement

A cash flow statement summarizes all the money or its equal coming in (cash inflow) or leaving (cash outflow) a business. To create one, you need historical financial data or project it one year ahead if you're starting. Don't forget your cash flow statement is connected to your invoice.

• Estimate for net profit

Tally your net profit using your sales forecast, expense budget, and cash flow statement data. Your net profit margin is your gross margin less taxes, interest, and expenses. Try and be as precise as possible since this can stand in as your profit and loss (P&L) statement . 

• Estimate for assets and liabilities

Your next step is to calculate your company's net worth. How? By managing your assets and liabilities, i.e., those items that don't appear in your P&L statement. 

To do that, ballpark your monthly cash on hand. That is, equipment, inventory, land, and accounts receivable. Then sum up your liabilities, i.e., outstanding loan debts and accounts payable. 

• Break-even point

The last step in writing a company financial analysis report is calculating your break-even point. That's where your business expenses match your sales volume. Use the formula below to find your three-year sales forecast; this will help you find your break-even point.

Needless to say, if you're operating a profitable business model, then your company's revenue should be higher than your operating expenses. Again, this information helps reassure potential investors of your business' stability and revenue growth potential.  

Refrain from assuming that people know the concepts you'll discuss in your report. Instead, define them in general terms first before you start talking about specifics.

3. Determine the company's valuation

The company valuation part is one of the most critical sections of your financial analysis report. Why? Because it helps potential investors see the value of investing in your company. 

To determine your business' valuation is to find your company's value. You do this by analyzing your company data, including all the data you have discussed. There are three main ways to do it, i.e., using the following: 

• Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis
• Book Value Analysis
• Relative Value Method

The goal here is to outline your current assets and liabilities. Moreover, the above techniques help you determine your business' stocks and current value. To do this, most accountants or financial officers use insights from and final average accounts of your balance sheet. 

4. Perform risk analysis

Risk analysis helps potential investors see your company's investment potential. That includes both current and future risks. You can start risk analysis by running a SWOT analysis . 

But remember that your SWOT analysis is microscopic. So for the best results in your valuation, combine it with other techniques. For example, doing a PESTLE analysis . Here's a template you can use for that:

A PESTLE analysis gives you more details and offers two main benefits. First, it helps you understand your marketing environment and other macro factors that affect your company's financials. 

5. Include summaries of financial statements

When writing the financial analysis report of a company, you need to include a brief overview of your company's financial statements. To do this, summarize each component of the 3-statement model:

Let's discuss each of them:

Cash flow statement. Potential investors look at your cash flow statement summary for two reasons. One, it lets them see if you make enough money to settle your debts. Two, it helps them decide whether your company is worth investing in.

Income statement . A summary of this does two things. First, it shows you gaps in increasing operating profit by allowing you to boost sales revenue , reduce cost, or both. It's also an income statement showing how effective your strategies are at the start of your financial year.

Balance sheet. The balance sheet shows your debt coverage and asset liquidity in real time. The difference between assets and liabilities gives you the 'owner's equity.' Here's an example of a balance sheet:

Note that summarizing each of these three components doesn't mean just including tables in your report. Instead, explain what the data means in paragraph form, too.  

6. Summarize the entire report 

The last section of the financial analysis report of a company is a summary. You want to share your final views about the company and your opinion on whether it's a profit or loss. That said, be sure to substantiate all your claims. 

That means having evidence containing factual data, financial accounts, and proven financial theories. You can also include the outlook of the company. That is the type of organization, industry trends, economic growth strategies, and how they'll affect the company. 

In conclusion

By now, you should understand the value of a company financial analysis report and how to write one. Not only does it show you the financial health status of a company, but it's also the smoking gun investors look for before investing in any business. 

To any organization, a financial analysis report is a compass to optimize operational efficiency for growth. It is also a crucial part in portfolio management especially when you need to open your business up to other stakeholders.

Summarising, to write a financial analysis report, you need to: 

Write your company overview , sales forecast, and other essential sections. Once those are out of the way, you can perform company valuation and risk analysis. Then, all that's left is to summarize what was discussed. 

Daryl Bush is the Business Development Manager at Authority.Builders . The company helps businesses acquire more customers through improved online search rankings. He has extensive knowledge of SEO and business development.

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Home — Essay Samples — Business — Accounting — The Analysis of Financial Performance

The Analysis of Financial Performance

• Categories: Accounting

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Words: 532 |

Published: Nov 16, 2018

Words: 532 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

Works Cited

• Anthony, R. N., & Govindarajan, V. (2007). Management control systems. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
• Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., & Marcus, A. J. (2017). Fundamentals of corporate finance. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Cochin International Airport Limited. (2021). About us.
• Financial Accounting Standards Board. (2010). Conceptual framework for financial reporting: Chapter 3: Qualitative characteristics of useful financial information. https://www.fasb.org/resources/ccurl/635/789/FASB%20Conceptual%20Framework%202010.pdf
• Financial Reporting Council. (2018). Guidance on the strategic report: Non-financial reporting regulations. https://www.frc.org.uk/getattachment/c3ba29c9-968d-40c5-a072-5de5aae7b90d/Guidance-on-the-Strategic-Report.pdf
• Financial Stability Board. (2017). Thematic review on the implementation of the legal entity identifier: Summary report. https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P170317-1.pdf
• Gitman, L. J. (2018). Principles of managerial finance. Pearson.
• Helfert, E. A. (2017). Financial analysis: Tools and techniques: A guide for managers. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J., & Warfield, T. D. (2016). Intermediate accounting. Wiley.
• Securities and Exchange Commission. (2019). Beginners' guide to financial statements.

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Financial Analysis - Planning, Types, & Free Business Essay Samples

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Want to learn about financial analysis? You’ve come to the right place! On this page, we’ll explore financial analysis, its definition, types, and ways to conduct it. Keep reading to find out more!

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Financial analysis is an essential part of business planning and strategizing. It can be quite confusing for someone unfamiliar with the concept. Therefore, we have provided some basic definitions for you below.

What Is Financial Analysis?

The financial analysis evaluates past, present, and projected financial data to determine a company’s stability, sustainability , and profitability for potential investments. Internal and external analyses are both crucial for informed business decisions.

How Do You Do Financial Analysis?

Financial analysis can be applied in both corporate and investment finance contexts. The analyst will review financial accounts, comparing them with other companies or the company’s past performance. Extrapolating the previous version to predict future outcomes is crucial to corporate finance research.

There are several different methods of conducting a financial analysis. Let us discuss them in detail.

• Vertical The vertical analysis compares financial statements by displaying each line item as a percentage of another line item. For instance, the income statement shows all line items in percentage form using net sales as the base. Likewise, the assets balance sheet displays all line items as a proportion of total assets.
• Horizontal The horizontal analysis compares the line items in the financial statements to the base year. An enterprise can better identify the direction of change in account balances and the extent of that change by comparing past and recent financial records.
• Valuation Valuation analysis helps determine the company’s fair value . It’s a method of estimating an item’s approximate value or worth, such as a business, equity, or other assets. Different valuation tools can be used for this.
• Liquidity A liquidity study is a short-term examination of recurring costs. Its primary goal is to ensure that adequate liquidity is maintained and liabilities are fulfilled without default.
• Variance Variance analysis identifies any gaps in the budget and assessment process and assists a business in making efforts to avoid them. The standard costing approach may analyze variance by comparing estimated, standard, and outstanding expenses.
• FP&A The FP&A (Financial Planning and Analysis) examines the numerous data points within the organizational structure and builds the Management Information System (MIS) to present to the executive brass. Such analysis assists decision-makers in developing preventative tactics that can help them avoid setbacks.
• Sensitivity & Scenario The economic outlook and varied changes in tax structures, banking rates, and duties affect the financials. A sensitivity and scenario analysis must be done to determine how each determinant affects the financials.
• Trend A trend analysis recognizes patterns from many time periods and presents them in graphs to derive meaningful information. A trend analysis , therefore, is highly critical in decision-making.
• Profitability This form of analysis assists in learning how the company generates revenue. Investors do profitability analysis to maximize profit from an investment project.
• Solvency Solvency analysis is a long-term analysis that checks a company’s solvency or if it can pay its liabilities and obligations. It indicates financial health and gives stakeholders confidence in the company’s viability.

It is fairly easy to confuse financial planning and analysis with accounting. However, you should be aware of some significant differences between the two concepts. Those are:

Financial analysis is crucial for businesses to evaluate their financial health, achieve their financial goals, and make informed decisions. By understanding financial statements, ratios, and trends, a company can make sound investments, manage its finances efficiently, and plan for the future. We hope you’ve found this article helpful; now check some financial analysis research papers below!

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BusinessEssay. (2023, August 12). Financial Analysis - Planning, Types, & Free Business Essay Samples. https://business-essay.com/analyses/financial-analysis-research-paper-examples/

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• Performance Measurement Analysis
• Organizational Structure Analysis
• Financial Statement Analysis
• Financial Ratio Analysis
• Porter’s Five Forces Model
• Income Statement Analysis
• External Environment Analysis
• Market Share Analysis
• Business Model Analysis
• Corporate Social Responsibility Analysis

Guide to Financial Statement Analysis

1. income statement analysis, 2. balance sheet and leverage ratios, 3. cash flow statement analysis, 4. rates of return and profitability analysis, more financial statement analysis, analysis of financial statements.

Guide to analyzing financial statements for financial analysts

One of the main tasks of an analyst is to perform an extensive analysis of  financial statements . In this free guide, we will break down the most important types and techniques of financial statement analysis.

This guide is designed to be useful for both beginners and advanced finance professionals, with the main topics covering: (1) the income statement, (2) the balance sheet, (3) the cash flow statement, and (4) rates of return.

Most analysts start their financial statement analysis with the  income statement . Intuitively, this is usually the first thing we think about with a business… we often ask questions such as, “How much revenue does it have?” “Is it profitable?” and “What are the margins like?”

In order to answer these questions, and much more, we will dive into the income statement to get started.

There are two main types of analysis we will perform: vertical analysis and horizontal analysis.

• Vertical Analysis

With this method of analysis, we will look up and down the income statement (hence, “vertical” analysis ) to see how every line item compares to revenue as a percentage.

For example, in the income statement shown below, we have the total dollar amounts and the percentages, which make up the vertical analysis.

As you see in the above example, we do a thorough analysis of the income statement by seeing each line item as a proportion of  revenue .

The key metrics we look at are:

• Cost of Goods Sold  (COGS) as a percent of revenue
• Gross profit  as a percent of revenue
• Depreciation  as a percent of revenue
• Selling General & Administrative ( SG&A ) as a percent of revenue
• Interest  as a percent of revenue
• Earnings Before Tax (EBT) as a percent of revenue
• Tax as a percent of revenue
• Net earnings  as a percent of revenue

To learn how to perform this analysis step-by-step, please check out our  Financial   Analysis Fundamentals Course .

Key Highlights

• One of the main tasks of a financial analyst is to perform an extensive analysis of a company’s financial statements. This usually begins with the income statement but also includes the balance sheet and cash flow statement.
• The main goal of financial analysis is to measure a company’s financial performance over time and against its peers.
• This analysis can then be used to forecast a company’s financial statements into the future.

Horizontal Analysis

Now it’s time to look at a different way to evaluate the income statement. With horizontal analysis, we look at the  year-over-year  (YoY) change in each line item.

In order to perform this exercise, you need to take the value in Period N and divide it by the value in Period N-1 and then subtract 1 from that number to get the percent change.

For the below example, revenue in Year 3 was $55,749, and in Year 2, it was $53,494. The YoY change in revenue is equal to $55,749 / $53,494 minus one, which equals 4.2%.

To see exactly how to perform this horizontal analysis of financial statements, please enroll in our Financial Analysis Fundamentals Course now!

Let’s move on to the  balance sheet . In this section of financial statement analysis, we will evaluate the operational efficiency of the business. We will take several items on the income statement and compare them to accounts on the balance sheet.

The balance sheet metrics can be divided into several categories, including liquidity, leverage, and operational efficiency.

The main liquidity ratios for a business are:

• Quick ratio
• Current ratio
• Net working capital

The main leverage ratios are:

• Debt to equity
• Debt to capital
• Debt to EBITDA
• Interest coverage
• Fixed charge coverage ratio

The main operating efficiency ratios are:

• Inventory turnover
• Accounts receivable days
• Accounts payable days
• Total asset turnover
• Net asset turnover

Using the above financial ratios, we can determine how efficiently a company is generating revenue and how quickly it’s selling inventory.

Using the financial ratios derived from the balance sheet and comparing them historically versus industry averages or competitors will help you assess the solvency and leverage of a business.

In our course on Analysis   of Financial Statements , we explore all the above metrics and ratios in great detail.

With the income statement and balance sheet under our belt, let’s look at the  cash flow statement  and all the insights it tells us about the business.

The cash flow statement will help us understand the inflows and outflows of cash over the time period we’re looking at.

Cash flow statement overview

The cash flow statement, or statement of cash flow, consists of three components:

• Cash from operations
• Cash used in investing
• Cash from financing

Each of these three sections tells us a unique and important part of the company’s sources and uses of cash over a specific time period.

Many investors consider the cash flow statement the most important indicator of a company’s performance.

Today, investors quickly flip to this section to see if the company is actually making money or not and what its funding requirements are.

It’s important to understand how different ratios can be used to properly assess the operation of an organization from a cash management standpoint.

Below is an example of the cash flow statement and its three main components.  Linking the 3 statements  together in Excel is the building block of financial modeling. To learn more, please see our  online courses  to learn the process step by step.

In this part of our analysis of financial statements, we unlock the drivers of financial performance. By using a “pyramid” of ratios, we are able to demonstrate how you can determine the profitability, efficiency, and leverage drivers for any business.

This is the most advanced section of our financial analysis course, and we recommend that you watch a demonstration of how professionals perform this analysis.

The course includes a hands-on case study and  Excel templates  that can be used to calculate individual ratios and a pyramid of ratios from any set of financial statements.

The key insights to be derived from the pyramid of ratios include:

• Return on equity ratio  (ROE)
• Profitability, efficiency and leverage ratios
• Primary, secondary and tertiary ratios
• Dupont analysis

By constructing the pyramid of ratios, you will gain an extremely solid understanding of the business and its financial statements.

Enroll in our financial analysis course to get started now!

We hope this guide on the analysis of financial statements has been a valuable resource for you. If you’d like to keep learning with free CFI resources, we highly recommend these additional guides to improve your financial statement analysis:

• How to Link the 3 Financial Statements
• Aggregation
• Bottom-Up Forecasting
• Interactive Career Map
• See all accounting resources
• Share this article

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Financial Analysis

Ai generator.

In the business world, people always incorporate different practices on how to effectively run a company. They try various strategies to keep the business analysis floating and continue running in the competition. It is an unavoidable truth that in this field, people always try to get ahead of others to be on top.

Financial Analysis Template

• Google Docs

Size: A4, US

Company Financial Analysis Template

Real Estate Financial Analysis Example

Having this mindset is not bad at all especially if you are using right and legal means. There are certain methods that some businesses know and use and some others simply use the conventional ones. Writing financial reports and understanding the marketing flow are just some of those strategies you can use  to help your business.

Restaurant Financial Analysis Template

Financial Ratio Analysis Template

Financial Statement Analysis Template

Personal Financial Analysis

Personal financial statement.

Size: 10 KB

Financial SWOT Analysis

Size: 508 KB

Financial Needs Analysis

Size: 261 KB

Project Financial Analysis

Project financial feasibility.

Project Risk Analysis

Size: 139 KB

Project Performance

Size: 174 KB

What Is Financial Analysis?

Financial analysis is a detailed examination or a thorough study of a business’s financial status and all other finance-related elements to understand its effectiveness and practicability. It is often incorporated in a business analysis to help an organization come up with strategies and methods to boost their production which could result to more profits and better gains.

What Is the Purpose of the Financial Analysis?

Without any knowledge or idea about your company’s finances could result to great loss and unimaginable negative effects. I would assume that no businessman would want to see his/her company go to ruins. The purpose of the financial analysis is to provide an overview of the business’s performance in terms of financial statement  and to come up with ideal strategies to help grow the business.

Financial analysts also look into these documents to aid them in determining the strengths and weaknesses of a company. It helps them evaluate past financial problems and create tools and instruments for future performance report of a business.

Business Financial Analysis

Business case financial.

Size: 430 KB

Comparative Financial Analysis Example

Comparative statement analysis.

Size: 101 KB

Comparative Financial Performance

Size: 81 KB

Real Estate Financial Analysis

Real estate investment analysis.

Size: 1012 KB

Commercial Real Estate Financial

Size: 231 KB

Key Elements of a Financial Analysis

Every successful business has their own story of struggles and probably a couple of strategies as well. In fact, one of the most effective methods that they use is through constant monitoring and evaluation plan of their finances. The use of a financial analysis to help determine what needs to be done in business is very beneficial.

However, one must be equipped with the right amount of knowledge how it is written and what are the key elements to be included in it.

• Company objective. This refers to your shared vision and goal as a company. It serves as your guiding light on what you want to achieve in the future. Having an objective in your financial analysis example has the same effect if it’s done in a sales analysis . You have a driving force and a determination to reach success which will in turn pave a way to think of strategies for a better performance.
• Assets and revenues. These are the company’s physical or intangible properties which could be sources of income like building equipment, infrastructure, and warehouses. These things are to be included to show present profits out of it and future values.
• Liabilities and expenses. This includes the company’s taxes, leasing fees, and other company debts. It pertain anything that costs the business to release funds including those are need for production and operations. It also includes legal suits and loan interests.
• Operation efficiency. This refers to how effective the business’s performance is in terms of utilising the available resources. It also includes employee management and the distribution of labour. This is an important factor to determine how the company stands in the industry as well as to predict its future.
• Profit and loss. Determining the factors that contribute to the profit and loss of a business is important. It helps you determine and evaluate past and future probabilities of the company.

Corporate Financial Analysis

Corporate financial statement.

Size: 243 KB

Financial Planning Needs

Size: 685 KB

Personal Financial Needs

Financial Services SWOT

Size: 36 KB

Management SWOT Analysis

Size: 1002 KB

Financial Risk Analysis Example

Financial management risk.

Size: 888 KB

Statement Risk Analysis

Size: 70 KB

Financial Credit Risk

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What Is the Importance of a Financial Analysis?

A business can be groping in the dark if there is not constant and periodic evaluation of its financial performance. This is where the financial analysis comes in.

Having a financial analysis helps you to come up with better business decisions and plans. The reason for this is that through evaluation, you will be able to identify what are the positive and negative attributes of your business. You can then create plans on how to work out with those weaknesses. It also helps you on investment decisions. You can look for opportunities which would be for the benefit of your business .

What Is a Financial Ratio Analysis Used For?

A viable business is characterized by the ability to create an effective finance scheme. Extensive planning is needed to be able to formulate methods and strategies to keep your company afloat. However, you also need tools to help you get that success you are dreaming of. You need to stop and evaluate your business performance before you can continue making decisions.

One helpful means is by using a financial ratio analysis. With this, you will be able to assess and figure out the various aspects of your business performance. You need to check its efficiency and its ability to bring in more profit. With this, you can come up with ideas and decisions that can provide positive results.

Financial Ratio Analysis

Financial statement ratio.

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Financial Management Ratio

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Financial Feasibility Analysis

Simple financial feasibility.

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Real Estate Feasibility Analysis

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Company Financial Analysis

Construction company analysis.

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Free Financial Analysis

Free financial statement.

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Free Financial Needs

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Strategic Financial Analysis

Strategic plan financial.

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Strategic Management Financial

Guidelines for Effective Financial Analysis

Writing an simple analysis requires keen attention to details and the ability to understand the complexity of the subject. As defined by Merriam-Webster , an analysis is “a detailed examination of anything complex in order to understand its nature or to determine its essential features.” This definition can serve as a guide on how a financial analysis is done.

• Understand the business objective. This is probably the primal consideration that you have to make. Knowing your business objective will help you come up with an effective tips financial analysis. It makes your task easier since you have a target to hit.
• Create a research group. Financial analysis is usually done with the help and cooperation of a group of people to make the job easy. Create a team that can help you in brainstorming and sourcing of the materials you need.
• Identify significant financial events. Just like what is done in an operational analysis , you need to be able to determine the important factors that affect subject. You need to evaluate the financial performance based on its peak lows and highs and find out its reasons.
• Observe marketing reports. Considering the outside environment of your business is also important. It sometimes becomes a determining factor in a business’s overall performance.

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Financial Analysis - Free Essay Examples and Topic Ideas

Financial analysis is the process of evaluating a company’s financial performance and health by analyzing various financial statements and reports. This analysis helps investors and stakeholders make informed decisions about investing in or lending to a company. Financial analysis involves assessing a company’s profitability, liquidity, solvency, and overall financial stability. It includes analyzing financial statements such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, as well as financial ratios such as debt-to-equity ratios, return on equity, and earnings per share. Through financial analysis, investors can identify potential risks and opportunities and make more informed investment decisions.

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FAQ about Financial Analysis

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What Is Financial Analysis?

• How It Works

Corporate Financial Analysis

Investment financial analysis, types of financial analysis, horizontal vs. vertical analysis, the bottom line.

• Corporate Finance
• Financial statements: Balance, income, cash flow, and equity

Financial Analysis: Definition, Importance, Types, and Examples

Financial analysis is the process of evaluating businesses, projects, budgets, and other finance-related transactions to determine their performance and suitability. Typically, financial analysis is used to analyze whether an entity is stable, solvent, liquid, or profitable enough to warrant a monetary investment.

Key Takeaways

• If conducted internally, financial analysis can help fund managers make future business decisions or review historical trends for past successes.
• If conducted externally, financial analysis can help investors choose the best possible investment opportunities.
• Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are the two main types of financial analysis.
• Fundamental analysis uses ratios and financial statement data to determine the intrinsic value of a security.
• Technical analysis assumes a security's value is already determined by its price, and it focuses instead on trends in value over time.

Investopedia / Nez Riaz

Understanding Financial Analysis

Financial analysis is used to evaluate economic trends, set financial policy, build long-term plans for business activity, and identify projects or companies for investment.

This is done through the synthesis of financial numbers and data. A financial analyst will thoroughly examine a company's financial statements—the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Financial analysis can be conducted in both corporate finance and investment finance settings.

One of the most common ways to analyze financial data is to calculate ratios from the data in the financial statements to compare against those of other companies or against the company's own historical performance.

For example, return on assets (ROA) is a common ratio used to determine how efficient a company is at using its assets and as a measure of profitability. This ratio could be calculated for several companies in the same industry and compared to one another as part of a larger analysis.

There is no single best financial analytic ratio or calculation. Most often, analysts use a combination of data to arrive at their conclusions.

In corporate finance, the analysis is conducted internally by the accounting department and shared with management in order to improve business decision-making. This type of internal analysis may include ratios such as net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) to find projects worth executing.

Many companies extend credit to their customers. As a result, the cash receipt from sales may be delayed for a period of time. For companies with large receivable balances, it is useful to track days sales outstanding (DSO), which helps the company identify the length of time it takes to turn a credit sale into cash. The average collection period is an important aspect of a company's overall cash conversion cycle .

A key area of corporate financial analysis involves extrapolating a company's past performance, such as net earnings or profit margin, into an estimate of the company's future performance. This type of historical trend analysis is beneficial to identify seasonal trends.

For example, retailers may see a drastic upswing in sales in the few months leading up to Christmas. This allows the business to forecast budgets and make decisions, such as necessary minimum inventory levels, based on past trends.

In investment finance, an analyst external to the company conducts an analysis for investment purposes. Analysts can either conduct a top-down or bottom-up investment approach.

A top-down approach first looks for macroeconomic opportunities, such as high-performing sectors, and then drills down to find the best companies within that sector. From this point, they further analyze the stocks of specific companies to choose potentially successful ones as investments by looking last at a particular company's fundamentals.

A bottom-up approach, on the other hand, looks at a specific company and conducts a similar ratio analysis to the ones used in corporate financial analysis, looking at past performance and expected future performance as investment indicators.

Bottom-up investing forces investors to consider microeconomic factors first and foremost. These factors include a company's overall financial health, analysis of financial statements, the products and services offered, supply and demand, and other individual indicators of corporate performance over time.

Financial analysis is only useful as a comparative tool. Calculating a single instance of data is usually worthless; comparing that data against prior periods, other general ledger accounts, or competitor financial information yields useful information.

There are two types of financial analysis as it relates to equity investments: fundamental analysis and technical analysis.

Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental analysis uses ratios gathered from data within the financial statements, such as a company's earnings per share (EPS), in order to determine the business's value.

Using ratio analysis in addition to a thorough review of economic and financial situations surrounding the company, the analyst is able to arrive at an intrinsic value for the security. The end goal is to arrive at a number that an investor can compare with a security's current price in order to see whether the security is undervalued or overvalued.

Technical Analysis

Technical analysis uses statistical trends gathered from trading activity, such as moving averages (MA).

Essentially, technical analysis assumes that a security’s price already reflects all publicly available information and instead focuses on the statistical analysis of price movements. Technical analysis attempts to predict market movements by looking for patterns and trends in stock prices and volumes rather than analyzing a security’s fundamental attributes.

When reviewing a company's financial statements, two common types of financial analysis are horizontal analysis and vertical analysis . Both use the same set of data, though each analytical approach is different.

Horizontal analysis entails selecting several years of comparable financial data. One year is selected as the baseline, often the oldest. Then, each account for each subsequent year is compared to this baseline, creating a percentage that easily identifies which accounts are growing (hopefully revenue) and which accounts are shrinking (hopefully expenses).

Vertical analysis entails choosing a specific line item benchmark, and then seeing how every other component on a financial statement compares to that benchmark.

Most often, net sales are used as the benchmark. A company would then compare the cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating profit, or net income as a percentage of this benchmark. Companies can then track how the percentage changes over time.

Examples of Financial Analysis

In Q1 2024, Amazon.com reported a net income of $10.4 billion. This was a substantial increase from one year ago when the company reported a net income of $3.2 billion in Q1 2023.

Analysts can use the information above to perform corporate financial analysis. For example, consider Amazon's operating profit margins below, which can be calculated by dividing operating income by net sales.

• 2024: $15,307 / $143,313 = 10.7%
• 2023: $4,774 / $127,358 = 3.7%

From Q1 2023 to Q1 2024, the company experienced an increase in operating margin, allowing for financial analysis to reveal that the company earned more operating income for every dollar of sales.

Why Is Financial Analysis Useful?

The financial analysis aims to analyze whether an entity is stable, liquid, solvent, or profitable enough to warrant a monetary investment. It is used to evaluate economic trends, set financial policies, build long-term plans for business activity, and identify projects or companies for investment.

How Is Financial Analysis Done?

Financial analysis can be conducted in both corporate finance and investment finance settings. A financial analyst will thoroughly examine a company's financial statements—the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.

One of the most common ways to analyze financial data is to calculate ratios from the data in the financial statements to compare against those of other companies or against the company's own historical performance. A key area of corporate financial analysis involves extrapolating a company's past performance, such as net earnings or profit margin, into an estimate of the company's future performance.

What Techniques Are Used in Conducting Financial Analysis?

Analysts can use vertical analysis to compare each component of a financial statement as a percentage of a baseline (such as each component as a percentage of total sales). Alternatively, analysts can perform horizontal analysis by comparing one baseline year's financial results to other years.

Many financial analysis techniques involve analyzing growth rates including regression analysis, year-over-year growth, top-down analysis, such as market share percentage, or bottom-up analysis, such as revenue driver analysis .

Lastly, financial analysis often entails the use of financial metrics and ratios. These techniques include quotients relating to the liquidity, solvency, profitability, or efficiency (turnover of resources) of a company.

What Is Fundamental Analysis?

Fundamental analysis uses ratios gathered from data within the financial statements, such as a company's earnings per share (EPS), in order to determine the business's value. Using ratio analysis in addition to a thorough review of economic and financial situations surrounding the company, the analyst is able to arrive at an intrinsic value for the security. The end goal is to arrive at a number that an investor can compare with a security's current price in order to see whether the security is undervalued or overvalued.

What Is Technical Analysis?

Technical analysis uses statistical trends gathered from market activity, such as moving averages (MA). Essentially, technical analysis assumes that a security’s price already reflects all publicly available information and instead focuses on the statistical analysis of price movements. Technical analysis attempts to understand the market sentiment behind price trends by looking for patterns and trends rather than analyzing a security’s fundamental attributes.

Financial analysis is a cornerstone of making smarter, more strategic decisions based on the underlying financial data of a company.

Whether corporate, investment, or technical analysis, analysts use data to explore trends, understand growth, seek areas of risk, and support decision-making. Financial analysis may include investigating financial statement changes, calculating financial ratios, or exploring operating variances.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. " Amazon.com Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended March, 31, 2024 ," Page 4.

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Finance Essay Examples

Top 5 Finance Essay Examples to Help You Ace Your Next Assignment

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Published on: May 7, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 31, 2024

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Many students struggle with writing finance essays due to the technical language and vast topics to cover.

It's easy to feel overwhelmed and unsure of where to start, resulting in poorly written papers that don't meet academic standards.

With the right approach and tools, you can learn the art of finance essay writing and achieve academic success.

In this blog, we'll provide practical examples and expert tips to help you craft winning finance essays.

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Financial Analysis Essay Examples

Check out the following examples to get a better understanding of financial analysis essay examples. 

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Financial Situation Essay Examples

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Bank financial situation essay

Examples Of Financial Need Essays

Here is a perfectly written financial need essay for you! 

Financial need essay for college

Financial Literacy Essay Examples

Want a top example of a financial literacy essay example? Here is a perfectly written essay sample! 

Financial literacy essay example

Financial Goals Essay Examples

Read the following example of a financial goals essay! 

Financial goals essay sample

The following essays are perfect examples of financial situation essays. Give them a read to get inspiration for your next essay. 

Financial Hardship Essay Examples

Get inspiration for your next financial essay from these examples!

Financial Aid Essay Examples

Financial aid essay for an undergraduate essay

In conclusion, writing a financial essay can seem like a daunting task, but with the right guidance, it can be a rewarding experience. The examples we've provided in this blog post are just a small sample of the many financial essay topics that you can explore. 

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Financial Ratio Analysis Essay

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Current ratio

Total assets to debt ratio, quick ratio, profit margin ratio.

Calculations on financial ratios are basically derived from information obtained from the accounting records. The ratios provide the required guidelines of measuring the progress of the business and at the same time alert the management on the problems that might occur within the Company businesses.

The profitability ratios indicate the level of efficiency on how capital is being utilized. Liquidity ratios on the other hand help in indicating the ability of the Company to continue with its normal operations even in the midst of unexpected problems. While growth ratios are best used in the process of tracking down the financial progress of the Company (Graham, & Campbell, 2001, pp 187-243).

Compute the following ratios for 2009, and show supporting calculations (define each of the ratios, and explain them in simple terms

The current ratio is obtained through calculations derived from current assets and current liabilities. The ratio shows the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. The current assets refer to assets that are in form of cash or could easily be converted into cash within a short time.

While Current Liabilities, refer to liabilities that could be compensated or repaid within a short period of time. This ratio measures the company’s ability to settle short-term liabilities effectively and promptly (Graham, & Campbell, 2001, pp 187-243).

The ratio reveals the number of times the current assets could be used for the purposes of settling current liabilities. In normal circumstances the current assets should always be twice the current liabilities. However, any organization should have reasonable current ratio since higher ratio on this gives an indication of poor financial utilization. On the other hand, low ratio is an indication of insufficient working capital; hence the enterprise cannot settle its current liabilities (Keown et al, 1998).

Current Ratio = Current Assets/ current liabilities

= 220,000/80,000

The short term financial position of the company can be said to be satisfactory enabling the settling of current liabilities. But at the same time the ratio seem higher showing poor utilization of finances (Pink et al, 2007, pp 87-96).

This ratio compares the relationship between total assets and Long term debts. The total assets used under this calculation include fixed and current assets. This does not include fictitious assets which includes preliminary expenses, discount on share issue amongst others.

The Long term debts refers to debts that their maturity is considered due after a period of one year, these include; bonds, loans from banks and debentures. This ration is used by providers of long-term debts as measurement of safe bench mark for any business Institution.

The higher the ratio the better it means for the lenders based on the security involved in granting long-term loans to businesses. The lower the ratio the risky the business since it reveals that the business is heavily dependent on outside loans for survival. The ideal ratio for this calculation is normally 2:1 (Graham, & Campbell, 2001, pp 187-243).

Total Assets to Debt Ratio = Total Assets/Long Term Debts

= 1,000,000/300,000

The ratio is higher showing that the company’s security on loans is stable. This acts as assurance to lenders hence the company is capable of withstanding long-term loans.

This shows the relationship between liquid assets and the current liabilities which is normally analyzed for the purposes of assessing the short-term liquidity of the company. Liquid assets refer to assets inform of cash or those that could be converted to cash in a short duration of time (Graham, & Campbell, 2001, pp 187-243).The calculations are as shown below;

Quick Ratio = Liquid assets /current Liabilities

Liquid assets = Current assets – (stock + Prepaid Expenses)

= 100,000/80,000

The Quick ratio of the company is satisfactory; this makes the company to be at stable position to meet its obligations.

The profitability ratio indicates the ability of the company to plough back enough finances necessary for replacing the assets and also meet the increasing cases of services rendered to the company (Younis and Rice, 2001, pp 65-73)

Gross profit margin (%) = (gross income/ sales) ×100%

= (395,000/2,000,000) ×100%

Net profit margin = (Net income/sales) ×100%

= (255,000/2,000,000) ×100%

Both the gross profit and the Net profit margin are not satisfactory, showing that the company is not at a position which could enable it to frequently supply finances necessary to replace assets and increase the services required. The level of efficiency on how capital is being utilized is unsatisfactory.

Graham, J. R., & Campbell R. (2001). The Theory and Practice of Corporate

Finance: Evidence from the Field. Journal of Financial Economics , (60), 187-243.

Keown, A., J.W. Petty, D.F. Scott & Martin, J., (1998). Foundations of Finance. 2 nd

Edition. London: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Pink, G., Imtiaz, D., McGillis, L. & Mckillop, I. (2007). Selection of Key

Financial Indicators: A literature, Panel and Survey Approach. Healthcare Quarterly Journal , (10), 87-96

Younis, B., & Rice, B. (2001). An empirical investigation of hospital profitability in The post- PPS era. Journal of Health Care Finance , (28), 65-73.

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IvyPanda. (2018, May 24). Financial Ratio Analysis. https://ivypanda.com/essays/financial-ratio-analysis/

"Financial Ratio Analysis." IvyPanda , 24 May 2018, ivypanda.com/essays/financial-ratio-analysis/.

IvyPanda . (2018) 'Financial Ratio Analysis'. 24 May.

IvyPanda . 2018. "Financial Ratio Analysis." May 24, 2018. https://ivypanda.com/essays/financial-ratio-analysis/.

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