case study questions class 8 science crop production and management

• Crop Production and Management Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 1

Last Updated on August 26, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 8 science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 8 science. In this article, you will find case study questions for cbse class 8 science chapter 1 Crop Production and Management. 

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Crop Production and Management

Question 1: A boy named Yash from Gwalior who studies in 8th standard is very fond of plants. He has a small garden in the backyard. Where he’s planted many small plants and takes good care of them. He regularly waters all the plants and uses fertilizers on them to keep them healthy. One day, a small announcement was made in school. In summer vacations, every student needs to do a project according to his/her own interest. Yash decided to grow a plant during summers and present it in front of the whole class as his project. Yash decided to grow peas. So he went to the market and bought the best quality seeds, sand and fertilizers. He came back home, went to the backyard and planted the seed. Started taking good care of it. But as day passed he began to realise that the seeds he planted are getting worse. The plant was unhealthy and very poor in quality. He tried everything but was unable to figure out the solution.

Q.1. Rabi crops are grown in which period? (a) February to June (b) October to March (c) June to November (d) December to January

Difficulty Level: Easy

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: Rabi crops are grown in winters from October to March and harvested in spring. They require warm climate for germination of seeds and cold climate to grow. Wheat, pea, barley are the examples of rabi crops.

Also read: Crop Production and Management Assertion Reason Questions Class 8 Science

Q.2. Which system is used for irrigation? (a) Water (b) Sprinkler System (c) Drip System (d) Both b and c

Ans. Option (d) is correct. Explanation: Sprinkler system- It is the modern method of irrigation. In this system water passes through a pipe generally by pumping to watering a farm. In this, water is split into tiny drops that falls to the farms. Drip System- It is also a method of modern irrigation. In this system, water falls drop by drop near the roots. it is a type of micro-irrigation which helps to save water.

Q.3. Why Yash’s crops were grown unhealthy?

Ans. Peas are the Rabi Crops which grows in winters i.e. from October to march and requires low temp at the seedling stage.

Q.4. What are the disadvantages of fertilisers?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Ans. The disadvantages of fertilisers are – (i) Fertilisers change the nature of the soil and reduce its fertility. (ii) Inadequate use of fertilisers can lead to pollution.

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• Knowing types of crops.
• Learning various agricultural practices involved in crop production.
• Discussing the irrigation methods used in agriculture.
• Knowing how to protect crops from pests.
• Discussing harvesting of crops and storage of grains.
• Knowing about animal husbandry.

Living organisms need food for their growth and survival. You know that plants can prepare their own food. Animals obtain their food from plants and other animals.

We, human beings also depend on plants for our food. In order to provide food for the increasing population, we need to increase the production of the food we obtain. For this purpose, regular production, proper management and distribution of food are necessary.

This chapter deals with how various agricultural practices are useful to obtain food on large scale. So based on this the above topic list is provided.

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Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management

Case study questions class 8 science chapter 1 crop production and management, cbse case study questions class 8 science crop production and management, case study 1, case study 2.

Que. 3) (a) For proper mixing of manure in soil

Case study 3

Case study 4.

Que. 3) (b) Rhizobium bacteria

Case study 5

Que. 5) Answer: In the drip irrigation system, water falls drop by drop directly near the roots. It is considered to be a best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. It reduces wastage of water and ideal for places with poor availability of water.

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Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

• Last modified on: 1 year ago
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Here we are providing case study questions for CBSE Class 8 science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management.

Case Study Questions

Question 1:

A boy named Yash from Gwalior who studies in 8th standard is very fond of plants. He has a small garden in the backyard. Where he’s planted many small plants and takes good care of them. He regularly waters all the plants and uses fertilizers on them to keep them healthy. One day, a small announcement was made in school. In summer vacations, every student needs to do a project according to his/her own interest. Yash decided to grow a plant during summers and present it in front of the whole class as his project. Yash decided to grow peas. So he went to the market and bought the best quality seeds, sand and fertilizers. He came back home, went to the backyard and planted the seed. Started taking good care of it. But as day passed he began to realise that the seeds he planted are getting worse. The plant was unhealthy and very poor in quality. He tried everything but was unable to figure out the solution.

(i) Rabi crops are grown in which period? (a) February to June (b) October to March (c) June to November (d) December to January

(ii) Which system is used for irrigation? (a) Water (b) Sprinkler System (c) Drip System (d) Both b and c

(iii) Why Yash’s crops were grown unhealthy?

(iv) What are the disadvantages of fertilisers?

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Case Study Based Questions: Crop Production and Management | Science Class 8 PDF Download

Case study 1

When plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. For example, crop of wheat means that all the plants grown in a field are that of wheat. You already know that crops are of different types like cereals, vegetables and fruits. These can be classified on the basis of the season in which they grow. India is a vast country. The climatic conditions like temperature, humidityand rainfall vary from one region to another. Accordingly, there is a rich variety of crops grown in different parts of the country. Despite this diversity, two broad cropping patterns can be identified. These are:(i) Kharif Crops: The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops. The rainy season in India is generally from June to September. Paddy, maize, soya bean, groundnut and cotton are kharif crops.(ii) Rabi Crops: The crops grown in the winter season (October to March) are called rabi crops. Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseed. Besides these, pulses and vegetables are grown during summer at many places.

Q1: Soya bean which is generally sown from June to September is an example of ……………………….. crops. (a) Kharif (b) Zaid (c) Rabi (d) Fiber Ans: (a)

Q2: Which of the following mentioned crop is included in the category of Rabi Crop? (a) Paddy (b) Cotton (c) Groundnut (d) Mustard Ans: (d)

Q3: Which among the following factors or conditions does NOT affect the crop production? (a) Temperature (b) Humidity (c) Literacy (d) Rainfall Ans: (c)

Q4: What do you understand by the term “Crop”? Ans: When plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale in order to provide food for a large population, it is called a crop.

Q5: What are Rabi Crops? Enlist some of the examples of Rabi Crops. Ans: Rabi crops are grown in the winter season, mainly from October to March. Examples of Rabi crops include wheat, gram, pea, linseed, and mustard.

Case study 2

The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop. One of the most important tasks in agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. This allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil allows the roots to breathe easily even when they go deep into the soil. Why does the loosening of soil allow the roots to breathe easily? The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil. These organisms are friends of the farmer since they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it. But why the soil needs to be turned and loosened? You have learnt in the previous classes that soil contains minerals, water, air and some living organisms. In addition, dead plants and animals get decomposed by soil organisms. In this way, various nutrients in the dead organisms are released back into the soil. These nutrients are again absorbed by plants. Since only a few centimetres of the top layer of soil supports plant growth, turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients. Thus, turning and loosening of soil is very important for cultivation of crops. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough. Ploughs are made of wood or iron. If the soil is very dry, it may need watering before ploughing. The ploughed field may have big clumps of soil called crumbs. It is necessary to break these crumbs. Levelling the field is beneficial for sowing as well as for irrigation. Levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller. Sometimes, manure is added to the soil before tilling. This helps in proper mixing of manure with soil. The soil is moistened before sowing.

Q1: Which of the following organisms is widely known as the friends of farmers? (a) Cow (b) Earthworm (c) Dog (d) Cockroach Ans: (b)

Q2: The process of loosening and turning of soil is commonly termed as ……………………………... (a) Watering (b) Winnowing (c) Ploughing (d) Harvesting Ans: (c)

Q3: Why is manure sometimes added to the soil before the process of tilling? (a) For proper mixing of manure in soil (b) To reduce the workload (c) To disinfect soil (d) For leveling properly Ans: (a)

Q4: Explain in detail the importance of turning the soil and loosening it. Ans: Turning of soil allows roots to penetrate deep into the soil. This loosening allows roots to breathe easily. Turning and loosening also helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in soil.

Q5: How is leveling of the soil done? What is the benefit of leveling? Ans: Leveling of soil is done using a leveler or a similar tool. It helps in even distribution of water and prevents soil erosion. Proper leveling also ensures that seeds are sown at a uniform depth.

Case study 3

Before sowing the seeds, it is necessary to break soil clumps to get better yield. This is done with the help of various tools. The main tools used for this purpose are the plough, hoe and cultivator. Plough: This is being used since ancient times for tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to the crop, removing the weed sand turning the soil. This is made of wood and is drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals (horses and camels). It contains a strong triangular iron strip called ploughshare. The main part of the plough is a long log of wood which is called a plough shaft. There is a handle at one end of the shaft. The other end is attached to a beam which is placed on the bulls’ necks. One pair of bulls and a man can easily operate the plough. The indigenous wooden plough is increasingly being replaced by iron ploughs now a days. Hoe: It is a simple tool which is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil. It has a long rod of wood or iron. A strong, broad and bent plate of iron is fixed to one of its ends and works like a blade. It is pulled by animals Cultivator: Nowadays ploughing is done by tractor-driven cultivator. The use of cultivator saves labour and time. 

Sowing is an important part of crop production. Before sowing, good quality, clean and healthy seeds of a good variety—are selected. Farmers prefer to use seeds which give high yield.

Are there seeds which float on water? Would those be lighter or heavier than those which sink? Why would they be lighter? Damaged seeds become hollow and are thus lighter. Therefore, they float on water. This is a good method for separating good, healthy seeds from the damaged ones. Before sowing, one of the important tasks is to know about the tools used for sowing seeds. Traditional tool: The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like a funnel. The seeds are filled into the funnel, passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends. These ends pierce into the soil and place seeds there. Seed drill: Nowadays the seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors. This sows the seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing. This protects seeds from being eaten by birds. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labour. Appropriate distance between the seeds is necessary to avoid overcrowding of plants. This allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water from the soil. At times a few plants may have to be removed to prevent over crowding.

Q1: Which one of the following equipment is NOT used for the purpose of tilling of soil? (a) Plough (b) Hoe (c) Cultivator (d) Hammer Ans: (d)

Q2: ……………………… is used to sow seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth? (a) Sickle (b) Spade fork (c) Seed drill (d) Rake Ans: (c)

Q3: What is the most important thing to be done before sowing of the seeds? (a) Tilling (b) Seeding (c) Harvesting (d) Threshing Ans: (a)

Q4: What needs to be taken care of before the process of sowing? Ans: Things to be taken care of before sowing are to select good quality, clean, and healthy seeds of good variety. It is also important to select the seeds which give high yield.

Q5: Explain a method to determine the damaged seeds before sowing. Ans: To determine damaged seeds, they are put in a vessel containing water. Some seeds will float and some seeds will sink. The seeds floating are lighter because they are hollow from inside. Thus, damaged seeds can be separated from good quality seeds.

Case study 4

The substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called manure and fertilisers. Soil supplies mineral nutrients to the crop plants. These nutrients are essential for the growth of plants. In certain areas, farmers grow crop aftercrop in the same field. The field is never left uncultivated or fallow. Imagine what happens to the nutrients? Continuous cultivation of crops makes the soil poor in nutrients. Therefore, farmers have to add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with nutrients. This process is called manuring. Improper or insufficient manuring results in weak plants. Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal wastes. Farmers dump plant and animal waste in pits at open places and allow it to decompose. The decomposition is caused by some microorganisms. The decomposed matter is used as organic manure. Fertilisers are chemicals which are rich in a particular nutrient. How are they different from manure? Fertilisers are produced in factories. Some examples of fertilisers are— urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium). The use of fertilisers has helped farmers to get better yield of crops such as wheat, paddy and maize. But excessive use of fertilisers has made the soil less fertile. Fertilisers have also be come a source of water pollution. Therefore, in order to maintain the fertility of the soil, we have to substitute fertilisers with organic manure or leave the field uncultivated(fallow) in between two crops. The use of manure improves soil texture as well as its water retaining capacity. It replenishes the soil with nutrients. Another method of replenishing the soil with nutrients is through crop rotation. This can be done by growing different crops alternately. Earlier, farmers in northern India used to grow legumes as fodder in one season and wheat in the next season. This helped in the replenishment of the soil with nitrogen. Farmers are being encouraged to adopt this practice.

In the previous classes, you have learnt about Rhizobium bacteria. These are present in the nodules of roots of leguminous plants. They fix atmospheric nitrogen. Advantages of Manure: The organic manure is considered better than fertilisers. This is because:

• it enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.
• it makes the soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy.
• it increases the number of friendly microbes.
• it improves the texture of the soil.

Q1: Organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal waste that helps in the healthy growth of plants are called: (a) Fertilisers (b) Chemicals (c) Manure (d) Cow dung Ans: (c)

Q2: Excessive use of fertilisers is generally observed to ………………………………? (a) Decrease the fertility of soil (b) Increase the soil content (c) Rise the amount of microbes (d) Rise the amount of water in soil Ans: (a)

Q3: Which of the following nitrogen-fixing bacteria is present in the root nodules of leguminous plants? (a) E. coli (b) Rhizobium bacteria (c) Archaebacteria (d) Eubacteria Ans: (b)

Q4: Write down some of the examples of commonly used fertilisers. Ans: Some examples of fertilisers include super phosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium), urea, and ammonium sulphate.

Q5: What do you understand by the term “crop rotation”? Give its importance. Ans: Crop rotation is the process of growing different crops alternately. It is important because it replenishes the soil with nutrients.

Case study 5

All living beings need water to live. Water is important for proper growth and development. Water is absorbed by the plant roots. Along with water, minerals and fertilisers are also absorbed. Plants contain nearly 90%water. Water is essential because germination of seeds does not take place under dry conditions. Nutrients dissolved in water are transported to each part of the plant. Water also protects the crop from both frost and hot air currents. To maintain the moisture of the soil for healthy crop growth, fields have to be watered regularly. The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation. The time and frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop, soil to soil and seas onto season. In summer, the frequency of watering is higher. Why is it so? Could it be due to the increased rate of evaporation of water from the soil and the leaves? Sources of irrigation: The sources of water for irrigation are— wells, tube wells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams and canals. Traditional Methods of Irrigation The water available in wells, lakes and canals is lifted up by different methods indifferent regions, for taking it to the fields. Cattle or human labour is used in these methods. So these methods are cheaper, but less efficient. The various traditional ways are: (i) moat (pulley-system)(ii) chain pump(iii) dhekli, and(iv) rahat (Lever system).Pumps are commonly used for lifting water. Diesel, biogas, electricity and solar energy is used to run these pumps. Modern Methods of Irrigation Modern methods of irrigation help us to use water economically.

The main methods used are as follows:(i) Sprinkler System: This system is more useful on the uneven land where sufficient water is not available. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining. Sprinkler is very useful for lawns, coffee plantation and several other crops(ii) Drip system: In this system, the water falls drop by drop directly near the roots. So, it is called drip system. It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. Water is not wasted at all. It is a boon in regions where availability of water is poor.

Q1: Which of the following is NOT an example of a source of irrigation? (a) Well (b) Forest (c) Canal (d) Dams Ans: (b)

Q2: Which one of the following examples is a traditional method of irrigation? (a) Sprinkler (b) Drip system (c) Hose (d) Dhekli Ans: (d)

Q3: …………………. is used in uneven land where sufficient water is not available and has a rotating nozzle? (a) Sprinkler system (b) Pulley system (c) Drip system (d) Chain pump system Ans: (a)

Q4: Why is irrigation important in crop cultivation? Ans: Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals. Irrigation is important for the proper growth and development of the plants. Along with water, irrigation also helps absorb minerals and fertilizers and aids in the germination of seeds.

Q5: Explain in detail about the drip irrigation system. Ans: In the drip irrigation system, water falls drop by drop directly near the roots. It is considered to be the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens, and trees. It reduces wastage of water and is ideal for places with poor availability of water.

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Cbse, ncert and icse solution online, class 8 science case study question, case study question class 8 science (cbse / ncert board).

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There are total 18 chapter Crop Production and Management, Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Coal and Petroleum, Combustion and Flame, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Cell – Structure and Functions, Reproduction in Animals, Reaching the Age of Adolescence, Force and Pressure, Friction, Sound, Chemical Effects of Electric Current, Some Natural Phenomena, Light, Stars and the Solar System, Pollution of Air and Water

For any problem during learning any Case or any doubts please comment us. We are always ready to help You.

CBSE Class 8 Science Case Study Question

• Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Case Study Question
• Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Case Study Question
• Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Case Study Question
• Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Question
• Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Case Study Question
• Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame Case Study Question
• Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions Case Study Question
• Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Case Study Question
• Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Case Study Question
• Chapter 12 Friction Case Study Question
• Chapter 13 Sound Case Study Question
• Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current Case Study Question
• Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena Case Study Question
• Chapter 16 Light Case Study Question
• Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System Case Study Question
• Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water Case Study Question

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Most of time 5 questions will made from each case. There will 1 or 2 marks for each question.

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 1 - Crop Production and Management

• Class 8 Important Question
• Chapter 1: Crop Production And Management

CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter-1 Important Questions - Free PDF Download

Class 8 is very important as the preparation of the board examination starts here. The concepts that you are going to learn in class 8 is going to help you to perform well in class 9 and also in the board examination. Understanding the concepts is important. The first chapter of the class 8 science book is Crop Production and Management. The chapter deals with concepts like agricultural practices in India, how the soil is prepared to grow crops. Manures and fertilizers, along with the irrigation process, are also discussed in this chapter. Topics like irrigation, protection of crops, harvesting, and storage of crops are also mentioned in the first chapter of the class 8 science book. Students may find it challenging to understand the topics in this chapter. So it is better to practice class 8 science chapter 1 important questions t o prepare themselves better for the final examination.

Vedantu is a platform that provides free CBSE NCERT Solution and other study materials for students. You can also download NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths and NCERT Solution for Class 8 Science to help you to revise co mplete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – Free PDF Download

Multiple choice questions                                                                1 mark.

1. The instrument ‘combine’ is used for.

A. Sowing of seeds B. Harvesting the crops

C. Threshing D. Both harvesting and threshing

Ans: A correct option is an option (D) Both harvesting and threshing

2. Which one of the following statements is True about the storage of produce?

i. Harvested grains have less moisture.

ii. Farmers store grains in jute bags or metallic bins.

iii. Small scale storage of grains is done in silos and granaries

iv. Specific chemical treatments are required to protect crops from pests and microorganisms.

A. ii only B. i, ii and iv

C. ii and iv D. iii and iv

Ans: A correct option is an option (C) ii and iv

3.   is the festival associated with the harvest season.

A. Dussehra B. Ganesh Chaturthi

C. Baisakhi D. Christmas

Ans: A correct option is option (C) Baisakhi

4. Rajeev is a farmer. He has ploughed the field but needs to level it. Which one of the following can he use to level the field?

A. Leveller B. Harvester

C. Cultivator D. Seed drill

Ans: The correct option is option (A) leveller

5. Which one of the following is NOT a source of water for irrigation.

A. Tubewells B. Dams

C. Lakes D. Oceans

Ans: The correct option is option (D) ocean

6. Which one of these crops is cultivated during the winter season.

A. Cotton                 B. Linseed

C. groundnut D. Paddy

Ans: The correct option is option (B) linseed

Fill in the Blanks

1. Removal of unwanted and uncultivated plants are called.

2. The same kind of plants cultivated at one place on large scale is called.

3. Is the cutting of the mature crop manually or by machines.

Ans:  Harvesting

4. Proper storage of grains is necessary to protect them from and .

Ans: Pests, Microorganisms

Short Answer Questions                                          2/3 Marks

1. Differentiate between Kharif and rabi crops.                               (3)

Ans: The difference between Kharif and rabi crops is:  

2. Identify the instrument given below and write a short note on it. (1 + 2)

Ans: The seed drill is the equipment.

Seed drills are being used in combination with tractors to plant seeds. Seed drills assure that seeds are planted evenly and at the same depth. During planting, the seed drill covers the seed with dirt, preventing birds from eating it.

3. Give four examples of fertilizers. (2)

Ans: Urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, potash, NPK etc.

4. What do you mean by the term irrigation? (2)

Ans: Irrigation is the process of providing water to crops at regular intervals. Irrigation timing and frequency differ from crop to crop, soil to soil, and season to season.

5. If a handful of seeds are given to you, how will you separate healthy seeds from damaged ones? (2)

Ans: Fill a beaker halfway with water, add some seeds into it, and mix well. Set alone for a while. You'll notice that some seeds sink while others float. Damaged seeds become hollow and lighter, which allows them to float on water.

6. Describe briefly animal husbandry? (3)

a. Animal husbandry is the field of agriculture that deals with animals that provide meat, fiber, milk, or eggs.

b. It involves daily care, selective breeding, and livestock keeping. Animals, like plants, offer humans a wide range of food products for which they are grown domestically or commercially.

c. They are given adequate food, housing, and care, which is referred to as animal husbandry .

7. Why do you think the removal of weeds is essential? Write any one method to control weeds. (2 + 1)

Ans: Weed removal is necessary because weeds compete with crops for water, nutrients, and other fundamental requirements, causing crop development to be limited and yields to low.

Weeds are routinely removed near to the ground with the use of Khurpi. Another option is to use weedicides such as 2,4 D to control weeds

8. What is crop rotation? Why is it important? (2 + 1) 

Ans: Crop rotation is a way of restoring nutrients in the soil by planting various crops in order. Growing legumes as fodder one season and wheat the next is one example. It is significant because it aids in nitrogen replenishment in the soil.

9. List the advantage of manure over fertilizers. (3)  

a. The water holding capacity of the soil improves by Manure.

b. The texture of the soil improves by Manure.

c. The number of friendly microbes increases by Manure.

10. Define harvesting. (2)

Ans: The cutting of mature crops manually or by machines is known as Harvesting. Harvesting of crops can be done either by pulling out the crops from the field or cutting them close to the ground. In our country, Harvesting is either done by sickle or by a harvester machine.

11. Choose the odd one out and give reason for the same. (1 + 1)

moat, dhekli, sickle, rahat

Ans:  Sickle stands out as the odd one out. All of the others are ancient irrigation systems, but a sickle is a tool used to harvest crops.

12. Correct the following statements. (1 + 1)

a. The separation of grains from the chaff is called weeding.

Ans: The separation of grains from the chaff is called threshing/winnowing.

b. Manure is a man-made inorganic salt.

Ans:   Fertiliser is a man-made inorganic salt.

Long Answer Questions 5 Marks

1. Farmers practise several agricultural activities over a period of time. 

a. List all the activities performed by the farmers during the cultivation of crops.

Ans: The activities involved are

Preparation of soil

Adding manure and fertilisers

Protecting from weeds

b. Explain any one activity in detail.

Ans:  Adding manure and fertilizers: (Answer may vary)

Manure and fertilisers are given to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy development of plants.

Plants require vital nutrients from the soil to flourish. Crop cultivation continues to reduce the soil's nutrients. As a result, farmers must apply manure to their crops in order to restore the soil's nutrients. Manuring is the term for this procedure.

Manure is an organic material formed when plant or animal excrement decomposes. Organic manure is made from decomposing materials.

2. Explain in detail about agricultural implements used during the preparation of soil.  

Ans:  The main tools used for this purpose are plough, hoe and cultivator.

Plough: A plough is a tool made of wood or iron that is used to till or plough a field. Apart from tilling the soil, it is utilized for a variety of tasks such as crop fertilizing process, clearing weeds, and so on. A pair of bulls or other animals, such as camels or horses, pull this tool.

Hoe: A hoe is a basic instrument that is used to pull weeds from the soil and soften the soil. It has a long wooden or iron rod. A blade-like device is attached to one of its ends by a strong, wide, and bent plate of iron. Animals drag it along.  

Cultivator: Nowadays, a tractor-driven cultivator is used to plough. The usage of a cultivator saves both time and labour.

3. Why is the storage of produce important? Briefly describe the methods involved.

Ans:  Storage of produce is important because

a. If harvested grains are to be stored for an extended period of time, they must be protected from dampness, insects, rats, and microbes.

b. Grain that has been harvested has higher moisture. If those grains are not dried before storing, they may degrade or become infected with organisms, rendering them unsuitable for use or germination. As a result, the grains are adequately dried in the sun before being stored to minimise moisture content. Insects, pests, bacteria, and fungus are all prevented by this method.

c. Jute bags or metal bins are used by farmers to store crops. Large-scale grain storage, on the other hand, is done in silos and granaries to keep pests like rodents and insects away.

d. At home, dried leaves of neem are used to store food grains.

e. To preserve huge amounts of grains stored in large godowns from pests and microbes, special chemical treatments are necessary.

4. Write a short note on the following modern methods of irrigation. 

a. Sprinkler System

Ans:  

Sprinkler System: This method is particularly helpful on uneven terrain where there isn't enough water. At regular intervals, the perpendicular pipes with revolving nozzles on top are connected to the main pipeline. Water flows from the revolving nozzles when it is permitted to flow under pressure via the main pipe with the support of a pump. As though it were sprinkling, it is sprayed on the crop. Sprinklers are particularly handy for lawns, coffee plantations, and a variety of other crops.

b. Drip Irrigation System

Drip System: The waterfalls exactly near the roots in this arrangement, drop by drop. As a result, it's known as a drip system. It is the most effective method for watering fruit trees, gardens, and trees since no water is wasted. It's a gift in areas where there's a shortage of water.

The Crop Production and management chapter is designed to give the students a better understanding of the harvesting process of various crops that is very important in daily life. As there are more than one crop and multiple growing processes according to the time of the year the crops are being harvested, it is not easy for the students to remember all the things. A huge syllabus of various subjects and a lack of understanding and revision can prove to be a roadblock in the way of a good result in the final examination. To overcome the hurdles, you need to understand the essential concepts well and also need to revise the chapter time and time again. To prepare well for the examination students need to practice all the important questions from chapter 1. All these questions have been explained effectively on Vedantu website.

Now let us find out the topics covered in chapter 1 of Class 8.

Important Topics Covered in Chapter 1 of Class 8

Agricultural Practices

Basic Practices of Crop Production

Preparation of Soil (Agricultural Implements)

Sowing (Selection of Seeds)

Adding Manure and Fertilisers

Differences between Fertiliser and Manure

Traditional Methods of Irrigation

Modern Methods of Irrigation

Protection from Weeds

Food from Animals

Crop Production and Management Class 8 Important Questions

Important questions of chapter 1 of the science book of class 8 will help the students to gain theoretical knowledge about the production of the crop and the after production process. Practising these questions numerous times can help a student to write them properly in the final examination without any hiccup, and the answers are efficient enough to provide a student with good marks. The following is a brief concept of the chapter :

Definition and Type of Crops

Plants that are grown and cultivated to be letter consumed as food and after a certain period harvested are known as crops. There are various types of crops. They are –

Rabi Crops - Crops grown in between October and March, means during the winter season.

Kharif Crops - Crops are sown during the rainy season, which means from July to October.

Preparation of Soil

The quality of the soil is one of the most important factors that the farmers look for before sowing a crop. Soil preparation is done by using various tools and techniques as the production of crops depends on the soil.

Ploughing, which is also known as tilling, is the process by which the loosening and turning of the soil are done by using tools called plough, cultivator and hoe. Plough is a tool that many farmers use to add fertilizers in the soil, to remove weeds from the soil for the improvement of its quality. The tip of it is triangular and made by using the iron. The shaft attached with it is made by using wood. The other end of the shaft is placed on the bull’s neck with the help of a beam. Nowadays the wooden ploughs are replaced with iron ploughs. Hoe is also a device used for the digging purpose of soil. Most of the farmers now take the help of technology. Cultivators that are attached to the tractor are now used instead of ploughs for faster loosening of the soil.

Sowing of Seeds

The plantation of seeds is known as sowing. In the sowing process cultivator or plough is used as the loosening of soil is very important for sowing seeds. At the first stage, the seeds are sorted based on quality. The selection process is done by putting all the seeds in the water where the good seeds sink deep in the water while the seeds in the damaged condition float on the water. A tractor is used in the sowing process of seeds. Seed drills are used by the farmers to sow the seeds uniformly in the land at the desired depth.

Germination of Seeds

Germination means when a plant starts to emerge from a seed. The germination process takes place when the seeds are watered properly after being sown in the land.

The Fertility of the Soil

The soil needs to be fertile for the germination process of seeds. Fertilizers and pesticides are used to improve the quality of the soil. By adding fertilizers soil quality can be improved. Manures are made with decomposed organic substances like leaves, flowers. On the other hand, fertilizers are made by using mostly inorganic chemicals. Excessive use of fertilizers can increase the pH level of the soil and can also cause soil pollution and water pollution. Sometimes lands need to be left fallow for a certain period. In that period the land can regain the nutrients and can again be used for agricultural purposes.

Rotation of Crops

To keep the fertility of the soil intact crop rotation is important. Crop rotation means that the same crop does not grow on the same land. Different crops require different nutrients. By sowing different seeds, the fertility of soil can be restored.

Weed Removal

Weeds are plants that grow naturally on the field that can damage the crop. Weeds absorb all the nutrients, space, and water, and nothing lefts for the crop. Removal of weeds is necessary. Processes like tilling are used for weed removal along with weedicides. Tilling is discussed earlier. Weedicides are chemicals that are being used to kill weeds in the land. Manual methods are also there. The manual method means the removal of weeds by chopping them from the ground level.

Harvesting means when the crop is cut after the crop gets mature. Harvesting can be done in both manual and artificial ways. The manual method of harvesting is done by using a sickle. The artificial process is done by using a machine called a harvester.

Threshing and Winnowing

Grains cannot be consumed directly. They need to be loosened from the chaff and the process is known as threshing. Nowadays, machines are used for the threshing process. To separate grain seeds from the chaff help of wind is also taken and it is known as winnowing. Due to wind pressure grains that are heavier fall down, and the lighter chaff flies away.

Storage of Crops

After all the process storage of the harvested crops is done, the grain needs to be stored in a dry place away from the moisture to prevent any kind of fungal infestation. The place where the freshly harvested grains are stored is known as granaries.

Animal Husbandry

The management of animals that are being used in the farms and the harvesting process is known as animal husbandry.

Class 8 th Science Chapter 1 Important Questions

We ease the learning process of a student by enlisting important questions from the first chapter of the science of class 8 that can come in the final examination.

What are the two main types of crops? Give examples of each type of crop.

When are Rabi and Kharif Crops sowed in the soil?

What are the tools that are being used in the loosening of the soil?

Why is the rotation of crops important?

Define the process of irrigation and also discuss the methods of irrigation.

How can irrigation conserve water?

State the differences between manures and fertilizers.

Describe the threshing and winnowing process.

Why is the overuse of chemical fertilizer harmful?

How are good seeds selected before sowing?

Benefits of Important Question of Class 8 Science Chapter 1

The Crop Production and Management chapter helps students to secure good marks in the examination as almost all questions carrying almost 20 marks can come in the examination. The overall percentage will improve significantly if you read the answers to important questions along with class 8 science chapter 1 extra questions thoroughly. Few benefits that one can gain from the important questions for class 8 science chapter 1 are –

When a student will see these questions in the examination, he or she will not get tense.

Science chapter 1 class 8 important questions are collected with the help of thorough research, and a huge possibility is there that the questions will come in the examination.

All the class 8 th science chapter 1 important questions and topics are discussed easily and simply.

Class 8 science chapter 1 important questions can help a student to prepare for the final examination.

The Crop Production and Management chapter is a very important chapter in the class 8 science book. The important questions as mentioned on Vedantu website will help the students to understand the important topics. Regular practice of the answers to the important questions can boost a student’s examination preparation.

FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 1 - Crop Production and Management

1. What are some of the important questions of Class 8 Science Chapter 1 - Crop Production and Management?

As per Vedantu’s free PDF of important questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management, the following are some of the important questions:

• Differentiate between Kharif and rabi crops.
• What do you mean by the term irrigation?
• Describe briefly animal husbandry.
• What is crop rotation? Why is it important?
• List the advantages of manure over fertilisers.
• Define harvesting.

2. Which site provides the free PDF of Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1?

Vedantu, India’s best online learning platform, provides the PDF of Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management. Vedantu has been in the ed-tech business for more than a decade and it is known to offer chapter-wise study materials. This includes Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management. At Vedantu, students are assured of well-researched materials prepared by subject matter experts who have a vast knowledge of the subject and years of teaching experience. Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 include important questions for exam preparation along with their answers prepared by experts.

3. How can I build an in-depth knowledge of NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management?

Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management is an important chapter in the CBSE syllabus. Students can build a solid knowledge of the chapter by practising a range of questions provided by Vedantu. However, students need to first read the chapter properly from the NCERT textbook before referring to the Important Questions PDF. Students can avail of Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 provided by expert teachers at Vedantu to practice extra questions during the exam and for concept building. Apart from that, students can register for Master Classes for doubt resolution by experts on Vedantu.

4. What are the benefits of practising Vedantu’s Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management?

Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management is an important chapter from an exam perspective. Students can download the online repository of Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management. The free PDFs of important questions are popular among students. All the problems included in the PDF are solved by expert teachers and these explanations can be used while writing answers for exams. Students can prepare well for the exam with the help of Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management. The free PDFs designed by Vedantu are prepared as per the latest syllabus and exam pattern. This will improve students’ knowledge of the chapter immensely. It will also improve their marks in exams.

5. What is a crop according to Chapter 1 of Class 8 Science?

Plants that are cultivated on a large scale for consumption are known as crops. These plants include ragi, wheat, rice, corn, and so on. The plant product can also be referred to as crops if they are sold commercially for consumption. Crops are a daily necessity for humans and some animals. Humans consume crops like wheat, rice, and so on. Though each crop has its own season and cannot be cultivated throughout the year.

6. What is crop production and management according to Chapter 1 of Class 8 Science?

Various methods used in the cultivation of plants and animals for food and fibre are known as crop production and management. It is a branch of agriculture that includes maintaining and producing the necessary crops based on their cultivating and harvesting season. There are several steps like soil preparation, sowing, manure and fertilisers, harvesting, and storage involved in the whole process of crop production and management. Hence, it is tedious to look after the crops. To study more important questions like this, students can download the PDF of important questions free of cost from Vedantu’s website(vedantu.com) or mobile app.

7. How can nitrogen be replenished in soil naturally according to Chapter 1 of Class 8 Science?

The Nitrogen in the air is converted into chemical forms through the process of the Nitrogen cycle. Plants and animals cannot inhale nitrogen directly from the atmosphere, so microbes like soil bacteria and fungi help in the nitrogen fixation and replenish the nitrogen in the soil naturally. This is an ongoing process with four steps and requires no interference. The bacteria and fungi break down the Nitrogen in the surrounding into multiple chemical forms.

8. What is the name of Chapter 1 of Class 8 Science?

The first chapter in Science for Class 8th is Crop Production and Management. In this chapter, the students learn about different varieties of crops and different methods by which they are produced and managed. They also get knowledge about the cultivating seasons for each type of crop and fertilisers used on them. Lastly, students get an insight into the harmful effects of certain fertilisers due to the ingredients used to make them. To know more, students can visit the Vedantu app or website.

9. Why is it important to protect the plants from weeds?

While cultivating crops there is a need to look after the unwanted plants that grow beside the crops. These plants are called weeds and are removed via a process called weeding. It is important to protect the plants from weeds because these unwanted plants affect the growth of the crops and take away the necessary nutrients from the soil. You can study the process in detail in Chapter 1 of Class 8th Science.

Chapterwise Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science

Cbse study materials.

Crop Production and Management

Class 8 - ncert science solutions.

Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.

(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called ............... .

(b) The first step before growing crops is ............... of the soil.

(c) Damaged seeds would ............... on top of water.

(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and ............... and ............... from the soil are essential.

(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called crop .

(b) The first step before growing crops is preparation of the soil.

(c) Damaged seeds would float on top of water.

(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.

Match items in column A with those in column B.

Give two examples of each.

(a) Kharif crop

(b) Rabi crop

(a) Kharif crop : Cotton, Soyabean

(b) Rabi crop : Wheat, Mustard

Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.

(a) Preparation of soil

(c) Weeding

(d) Threshing

(a) Preparation of soil — Preparation of soil is primary step before growing a crop. It involves loosening and turning of soil. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. Turning the soil and loosening it allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil allows the roots to breathe easily even when they go deep into the soil. The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil. Since only a few centimetres of the top layer of soil supports plant growth, turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients.

(b) Sowing — Sowing of seeds is done after ploughing of land. Before sowing, good quality, clean and healthy seeds of a good variety are selected and are put into water. The floating seeds are rejected as they are damaged or hollow. Seeds are either broadcasted by hand or are sown with the help of traditional tool with a funnel. Nowadays the seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors. This sows the seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing. This protects seeds from being eaten by birds. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labour.

(c) Weeding — Undesirable plants growing naturally along with the crop are called weeds. The removal of weeds is called weeding. Weeding is necessary since weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light. Thus, they have adverse effect on the growth of the crop. Weed management can be done by following ways:

• tilling before sowing uproots and dries weeds.
• manual removal with help of khurpi.
• by using chemicals, known as weedicides. For example, 2,4-D

(d) Threshing — The process of separation of the grains from the chaff is called threshing. The primary goal of threshing is to extract the edible part of the plant, which is the grain or seed, from the non-edible parts. It is done with the help of threshing machine or combine. A combine is a harvester as well as a thresher.

Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.

What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation. The two methods of irrigation which conserve water are:

• Sprinkler System — This system is useful on the uneven land where sufficient water is not available. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining. Sprinkler is very useful for lawns, coffee plantation and several other crops
• Drip system — It is more efficient than sprinkler system. The water is taken to plants through a pipe and water is given to plants drop by drop near their root. It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. Water is not wasted at all. It is a boon in regions where availability of water is poor.

If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.

If wheat is sown in the kharif season, most of the seeds would not germinate. Few germinated seeds will not grow and form grains because the wheat crop requires less water and low temperature for growth, flowering and grain formation. In kharif season, temperature is high and frequent rain spells provide lot of water.

Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.

The continuous plantation of crops in a field depletes the soil of nutrients essential for plant growth. When the same type of crop is grown repeatedly, it exhausts specific nutrients from the soil that are crucial for that particular plant's development. We need to follow crop rotation and nutrient management to address this issue. Adding manure and appropriate amount of fertilizers can maintain the soil texture as well as nutrients.

What are weeds? How can we control them?

Weeds are undesirable plants that grow along with the main crop. Weeds can be controlled by following methods:

• Tilling before sowing of crops helps in uprooting and killing of weeds
• Weeds can be manually removed with the help of khurpi by uprooting or cutting them close to the ground.
• Weeds should be removed before their flowering because they produce seeds in large number which are easily dispersed by wind.
• Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides, like 2,4-D. These are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds. They do not damage the crops.

Question 10

Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.

Flow chart of sugarcane crop production by arranging the boxes in proper order is shown below:

Question 11

Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.

Down 1. Providing water to the crops. 2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions. 5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.

Across 3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop. 4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses. 6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.

The solution of word puzzle is given below:

Down 1. IRRIGATION 2. STORAGE 5. CROP

Across 3. HARVESTER 4. GRAM 6. WINNOWING

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Important Questions Class 8 Science Chapter 1

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Important Questions Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – Crop Production and Management 

Agriculture is the science which primarily deals with the diverse processes or the methods used to cultivate different varieties of plants and livestock farming or animal husbandry based on human requirements. 

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Chapter 1 of Class 8 Science is called ‘Crop Production and Management’. In this chapter, we learn about various agricultural practices in cultivating crops and managing the crops produced after the complete harvesting process.

There are various interesting concepts to learn around the application of how crops are produced after undergoing several processes and their management post-production. About 70% of the population in India practices agriculture. Hence, the development and management of crops is an important aspect of ensuring optimal productivity on farms. The major agricultural practices involved in crop development and management are listed below:

• Preparation of Soil
• Sowing of Seeds
• Addition of Manure and Fertilisers
• Protection from Weeds

Chapter 1 of Class 8 describes the different practices involved in crop production through modern technology and traditional agriculture. The entire globe depends on agriculture for its food. Therefore, carefully producing and storing the harvested crops is very important. The chapter is important for Class 8 and covers topics on agriculture and its components. By solving the exercise questions given in the NCERT and exemplar questions, students can prepare themselves well for their examinations.

Extramarks is one of the most trusted online learning platforms. Students from Class 1 to Class 12 can access the website and use the various study materials offered by our faculty. This will help students to create a strong foundation for future studies across all streams. Students can comprehend the concepts easily after referring to our NCERT solutions, CBSE revision notes, CBSE past years’ question papers, CBSE sample papers and other study materials developed by the experienced science faculty appointed by Extramarks.

It’s crucial to regularly review the various topics taught in each chapter for students to simplify the learning process during examinations. Students can understand various concepts introduced in this chapter by solving multiple problems. The Extramarks team realises the benefit that students get after revising the chapter by solving multiple questions related to a particular topic in the chapter. This will help students strengthen each portion included in the chapter and cover up the majority of questions that are likely to be asked. 

Hence, our team of experienced Science teachers have prepared Chapter 1 Class 8 Science Important Questions to help students score well and progress in their academics. Students registered with Extramarks will quickly find step-by-step solutions to every question for revising various core concepts covered in the chapter. 

Get Access to CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions 2022-23 with Chapter-Wise Solutions

You can also find CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter-by-Chapter Important Questions here:

Important Questions Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – With Solutions

To obtain a good score in examinations, students should choose the right study material that is accurate to learn and comprehend various chapter concepts. One of the highly effective known methods for promoting student learning is when they practise questions in the form of active learning. Practising questions is an excellent way to revise concepts and clear any doubts related to them. Our team of expert Science teachers has gathered Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 from various sources including NCERT textbooks, NCERT exemplars, past years’ exam papers, etc. Detailed and easy-to-understand stepwise solutions to every question are provided for clarifying the concepts for students. Students can register on the Extramarks website and access the complete list of solutions to chapter-wise questions.

The list is given below consists of a few questions and answers from our Important Questions Class 8 Science Chapter 1:

Q 1. Which one of the following statements is true about the storage of produce?

• Harvested grains have less moisture.
• Farmers store grains in jute bags or metallic bins.
• Small-scale storage of grains is done in silos or granaries.
• Specific chemical treatments are required to protect crops from pests and​ microorganisms
• (1), (2) and (4)
• (2) and (4)
• (3) and (4)

Answer: The correct option is C

Explanation: The true statement about the storage of produced grains is

• Grains obtained after harvesting have a high moisture content.
• They are prone to get easily infected in a short time. 
• Therefore, grains after harvest should be dried in sunlight to decrease moisture.
• There are various methods to store grains for future use. 
• However, it is best to store grains in jute bags or metallic bins.
• The lid of bins or the bags should be airtight to keep them safe for a long time.
• One should keep an eye on the grains to check for insect pests at least once a month or a week, which completely depends upon the season.
• Moreover, this method also prevents the grains from intoxication caused by harmful chemicals that protect them from pests or other vertebrate pests.
• Specific chemical treatments are required to protect crops from pests and​ microorganisms.
• Grain production is seasonal, but its consumption is continuous. 
• They must be protected from unfavourable weather, moulds, harmful microorganisms, moisture, insects, rodents, birds and other contaminants. 
• Hence, using various chemical treatments helps maintain grain quality and quantity for long periods.
• Storage of grains requires chemical treatment, which protects them from pests, microorganisms and moisture and increases their lifespan.

Question 2. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

Answer 2: Irrigation supplies water to crops artificially to fulfil their water requirements. The water must be supplied to the plants regularly to ensure maximum productivity. Nutrients can also be provided to the crops through the process of irrigation. Water sources for irrigation are wells, ponds, lakes, canals, tube wells and dams. Irrigation offers moisture required for growth and development, germination and other related functions.

Methods of irrigation that conserve water are:

• a) Drip Irrigation: The water goes directly into the roots. This method is extremely useful as it conserves the water and helps avoid weeds.
• b) Sprinkler system: This method is used in mainly uneven land where sufficient water is unavailable. The vertical pipes with rotating nozzles are mainly joined to the main pipeline at estimated regular intervals. It is observed that when water is allowed to flow through the given main pipe when it’s under pressure, it escapes from the spinning nozzles. It then gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining.

Question 3. What is the advantage of modern agriculture implements over a traditional one?

Answer 3: There are various advantages of modern agriculture over the traditional such as:

• Modern agriculture reduces labour work.
• It takes very less effort as compared to traditional ways.
• It is known to increase yield compared to the traditional method.
• Using new variants of organic fertiliser can reduce soil and water pollution.
• With the growing demand, new varieties are getting introduced in the market.

Traditional farming can only yield limited biomass as food for humans and animals. Better management practices and an increase in acreage can increase yield, but only to a limited extent. Plant breeding as technology has helped increase yield to a very large extent.

Plant breeding is said to be one of the most crucial steps of agriculture. Plant breeding is termed as the purposeful manipulation of plants to develop high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties in wheat, rice, maise etc.

Some very common techniques that are used in plant breeding are:

• Conventional plant breeding involves the crossing or hybridisation of pure lines followed by artificial selection to produce plants with desirable traits. 
• Mutation breeding uses induced mutations in plant breeding to develop improved varieties.
• Plant tissue culture is based on the totipotent nature of plant cells.

All these techniques are approaches to achieving:

• Increased crop yield and improved quality
• Increased tolerance to the environment
• Developing crops resistant to pathogens
• Crops with increased tolerance to insect pests

Modern agricultural practices save a lot of time and labour for the farmers. Modern agricultural practices impose accuracy and efficiency on farming procedures.

Question 4. Describe three natural methods of manuring.

Answer 4: The three natural methods of manuring are:

• Field fallow
• Crop rotation
• Mixed cropping
• Field fallow: 

A fallow field is a land that a farmer ploughs but does not cultivate for one or more seasons to make the field more fertile again.

The benefits of leaving land fallow for extended periods are given below:

• Breaking crop pest and disease cycles
• Rebalancing soil nutrients
• Providing a haven for wildlife
• Re-establishing soil biota
• Crop rotation:

In crop rotation, a different crop is grown every year. This is done because different crops require different nutrients in different quantities, which allows the soil to remain fertile. For example, corn which requires a lot of nitrogen is grown one year, and then in the next year, a leguminous plant like a pea is grown as it restores nitrogen in the soil.

Advantages of crop rotation:

• The soil fertility is well preserved.
• Weeds and pests are not allowed to grow.
• The use of chemical fertilisers is reduced.
• The properties of soil are untouched.
• Mixed cropping:

When two or more crops are observed to be grown simultaneously on the same land, it is known as mixed cropping. For example, growing wheat and gram on the same land is mixed cropping. This practice minimises the risk of failure of one of the crops and ensures against crop failure due to abnormal weather conditions.

Advantages of mixed cropping are:

• The crop yield increases.
• The pest infestation is minimised.
• Reduction in the risk of crop failure.
• The soil is utilised properly.
• Greater than one variety of crops can be harvested at the same time.

Question 5. The system of irrigation, wherein water is supplied drop by drop near the roots of plants, is called ___________.

• pulley system
• drip system
• sprinkler system
• lever system

Answer 5: The correct option is B.

Explanation : A type of localised irrigation in which drops of water are delivered at or near the plants’ roots. In this specific type of irrigation, evaporation and runoff are minimised. Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient water and nutrient supply systems for growing crops. It supplies water and nutrients straight to the plant’s roots in the right amounts. In principle, there are two types of drip irrigation:

• Subsurface drip irrigation: Water is applied below the soil surface.
• Surface drip irrigation: Water is applied directly to the soil surface.

The pulley system is a traditional irrigation method where water is lifted from a well, or other water sources and crops are watered. This is done by using a pulley chain and human labour or animals.

In the sprinkler system, vertical pipes have rotating nozzles on top joined to the central pipeline at timely intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the pipe under great pressure with the help of a pump, it manages to escape from the rotating nozzles. It later gets sprinkled on the crops as if it is raining.

The lever system is a traditional irrigation method where humans or animals lift the water from its source. This is a less efficient irrigation method.

Question 6. Why do you think the removal of weeds is essential? Write any one method to control weeds. 

Answer 6: Weeding means the removal or cutting down of unwanted plants or weeds. It is necessary because they affect the plant’s growth and the nutrients supplied to the soil. Weeds and plants compete not only for space but also for water and nutrients. As weeds absorb nutrients from the soil, they damage the main crop because they cannot get the proper nutrition from the soil. Similarly, it damages the main plant in case of light, water absorption, and space occupied by the weeds. Weeding also helps loosen the soil if the process of handpicking does it. Weeding can also be done using chemicals such as MCPA, 2,4-D. Some common weeds include grass, algae, amaranthus, chenopodium, Xanthium, parthenium, choices rotundus, etc.

Question 7. Explain in detail what are agricultural implements used during the preparation of soil.

Answer 7: Agriculture is a labour-intensive process that cannot be done by hand. Therefore, using tools and machines to carry out agricultural processes is necessary. These are known as agricultural implements or tools. Agricultural implements are the tools which are required to carry out agricultural practices. Several agricultural implements are used in present-day farming activities. In general, these different implements are of mainly five types.

Types of Agricultural Implements:

Given below are the different types of agricultural implements generally used by the farmers to facilitate easy production of crops:

• Irrigation Machinery:

It includes the central pivot irrigation systems and different pump units. It also helps in the watering of crops at appropriate and accurate levels.

• Soil Cultivation Implements:

These implements are used to plough the soil and prepare it for cultivation. For example, disk harrows, spike, drag, and others.

• Planting Machines: 

Planting machines are used to plant saplings and seeds over a large land area after the cultivation of the soil is completed. This is done by using transplanting equipment, broadcast seeders, precision, air seed, and other such methods.

• Harvesting Implements:

Harvesting implements are used to harvest matured crops. For example, trailers, diggers, pickers, etc.

• Other Agricultural Equipment: 

These are used in agricultural activities like hay-making, loading, shredding, and many more.

• Agricultural Tools:

To make the agricultural process more efficient, faster, and productive, farmers have started to use agricultural tools such as plough, sickle, hoe, drills, etc. There are a large variety of agricultural tools that farmers use for cultivation purposes.

Following are the various types of agricultural tools used in the agricultural practice of farming:

It is generally derived from wood and is pulled primarily by two bulls. The plough has been used since ancient times for tiling, turning the soil and adding fertilisers. It consists of a long wooden log that is called a ploughshaft. Plough has a strong triangular iron strip called a ploughshare. The other end of the plough is connected to a beam on the bull’s neck. However, the wooden ploughs used since ancient times are now substituted by iron ploughs drawn by modern tractor vehicles.

Hoe has been in use since ancient times for various cultivation purposes. It mainly consists of a long rod of wood pulled by the animals. It is pulled by the animals and used to loosen the soil and remove weeds. It has a strong, bent broad plate of iron which works as a blade.

• Cultivator:

A plough attached to a tractor is known as the cultivator. This reduces labour and also saves time. It stirs the soil present around the maturing crop to promote growth and destroy weeds.

• Seed Drill:

The seed drill is used for sowing seeds. This process is done with the help of vehicles like tractors. It ensures that the seeds sown are at equal distances and depths and covered with the soil. This allows plants to receive sufficient soil sunlight, nutrients, and water. This saves labour and time and protects the seeds from being eaten by birds or other animals in the surroundings.

• Traditional Tools:

The conventional tool to sow seeds is shaped like a funnel. It is filled with seeds. The seeds are usually passed through two or three pipes that have sharp ends. These ends enter the soil easily, and the seeds are then placed there. Sickle, spade, and axe are some common agricultural implements that farmers use. It is a labour and time-intensive farming practice.

Question 8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field. 

Answer 8: The minerals in the soil, such as potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients, are depleted due to the persistent soil plantation. It also takes up all the plant nutrients, which require a long time to replenish. These ions are very important for all plants’ proper growth and development. If the continuous plantation is done, these minerals won’t get time to replenish, and the crop yield decreases immediately.

Question 9. What is the importance of the storage of food?

Answer 9: Food is the most basic requirement for all living entities as food supplies all the nutrients our body needs to grow, develop and repair the body in case of any damage. The increasing demand in the food supply has led to an increase in the crop yield resulting in the storage of food grains in warehouses. However, hunger and malnutrition cannot be combated with this measure alone, as food security is influenced by availability and access. Field crops are known to accommodate many insect pests, weeds and diseases. If these are not kept under control, they can cause severe damage to yield.

Storage losses can also go very high. Factors contributing to losses are various biotic components such as fungi, mites, bacteria, insects, rodents etc. Abiotic components that affect storage losses include unfavourable temperatures, improper storage techniques, etc. It can cause the following:

• Degraded quality of food
• Poorly germinated seeds
• A loss in the weight of crops
• Discoloured produce

Importance of food storage:

It is very important to store food. Given below is a list of a few points highlighting the same:

• Storing food is termed economical to the consequences that may be caused otherwise.
• Food Corporation of India(FCI) buys grains from the farmers and stores these grains in warehouses to supply food. Hence, meeting the ever-growing demand.
• Storage increases the shelf-life of a food item. There are different ways of storing food items. For example, food items such as meat must be stored in the refrigerator as they tend to decay quickly because of their high moisture content.
• Appropriate storage enables uniform distribution of the product throughout the year.
• Storage is useful in case of emergencies such as famines, floods etc.

Question 10. What is a crop? What are its types?

Answer 10: A crop may be defined as plants of a similar type grown and cultivated as a food source. This is done on large cultivable land. There are also various types of crops cultivated by farmers. These different types of crops are:

• Rabi Crops: 

These crops are grown during winter, from October to March.

• Kharif Crops: 

These crops are usually sown during the rainy season, from July to October.

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Q.1 The plastics that can be molten repeatedly and given new shapes are called

A. thermoplastics

B. thermosetting plastics

C. elastomers

D. monomers

Marks: 1 Ans

thermoplastics

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Chapter 4 - materials : metals and non-metals, chapter 5 - coal and petroleum, chapter 6 - combustion and flame, chapter 7 - conservation of plants and animals, chapter 8 - cell - structure and functions, chapter 9 - reproduction in animals, chapter 10 - reaching the age of adolescence, chapter 11 - force and pressure, chapter 12 - friction, chapter 13 - sound, chapter 14 - chemical effects of electric current, chapter 15 - some natural phenomena, chapter 16 - light, chapter 17 - stars and the solar system, chapter 18 - pollution of air and water, faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. where will i be able to find a comprehensive set of important questions class 8 science chapter 1.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

October 4, 2019 by Veerendra

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management PDF will assist you in scoring more marks. This includes 1 mark Questions, 2 Mark Questions, 3 Mark Numericals Questions, 5 Marks Numerical Questions, Multiple Choice Questions, and previous year questions from Crop Production and Management Chapter. Topics and Sub Topics in Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management:

Crop Production and Management Class 8 Science NCERT Textbook Questions

Question 1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks. float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation (a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _____ (b) The first step before growing crops is _______ of the soil. (c) Damaged seeds would ______ on top of the water. (d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and ______ and ______ from the soil are essential. Answer: (a) crop (b) preparation (c) float (d) water, nutrients

Question 2. Match items in column A with those in column B.

Answer: (i) (e) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (c)

Question 3. Give two examples of each. (a) Kharif crop (b) Rabi crop Answer: (a) Kharif crop: Paddy and maize (b) Rabi crop: Wheat and gram

Question 4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following. (a) Preparation of soil (b) Sowing (c) Weeding (d) Threshing Answer: (a) Preparation of soil: Soil preparation is necessary before growing a crop. It involves tilling and loosening the soil. This allows the roots to penetrate deep in the soil and to breath easily even when they are deep.

(b) Sowing: The process of putting seeds into the soil is called sowing. The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is funnel-shaped. Nowadays a seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool sows the seed uniformly at a proper distance and depth.

(c) Weeding: Some undesirable plants grow along with crop and these unwanted plants are called weeds. The process of removing these unwanted plants is called weeding.

(d) Threshing: The process of separating the grain seeds from the chaff is called threshing.

Question 5. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure. Answer:

Question 6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water. Answer: The artificial method of watering the plants for assisting in their growth is called irrigation. Main sources of irrigation are wells, tube-wells, ponds, lakes, rivers. Two methods which help us to conserve water are: (i) Sprinkler irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of vertical pipes with rotating nozzles on the top. It is more useful in the uneven and sandy land where sufficient water is not available.

(ii) Drip irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of pipes or tubes with very small holes in them to water plants drop by drop just at the base of the root. It is very efficient as water is not wasted at all.

Question 7. If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss. Answer: Wheat crop is sown from November/December to March/April. It is grown in winter and requires less water. If wheat is sown in Kharif season, its production will be decreased considerably.

Question 8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field. Answer: Continuous plantation of crops makes the soil poorer in certain nutrients as the crops take up nutrients from the soil. The soil becomes infertile. It does not get enough time to replenish the nutrients.

Question 9. What are the weeds? How can we control them? Answer: The undesirable and unwanted plants which grow naturally along with the crop are called weeds. The growth of weeds can be controlled by adopting many ways. Tilling before sowing of crops helps in the uprooting and killing of weeds, which may then dry up and get mixed with the soil. Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides. Weedicides are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds.

Crop Production and Management Class 8 Science NCERT Intext Activities Solved

Activity 1 (NCERT Textbook, Page 4) Take a beaker and fill half of it with water. Put a handful of wheat seeds and stir well. Wait for some time. Solution: We observe that most of the seeds sink while some float on water. Damaged seeds become hollow and lighter so they float. In this way, we can separate damage seeds from the healthier ones.

Activity 3 (NCERT Textbook, Page 12) Make the following Table in your notebook and complete it.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – 1 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks : [NCERT] float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation (a) The same kind of plants grown on a large scale at a place is called ………….. (b) The first step before growing crops is …………. of the soil. (c) Damaged seeds would …………. on top of water. (d) For growing a crop sufficient sunlight, …………….. and …….. the soil are essential. Solution: (a) crop (b) preparation (c) float (d) nutrients, water

Question 2. Match items in column ‘A’ with those in column ‘B’ [NCERT]

Question 3. What are crops? Solution: Crops are plants of the same kind grown in large quantities for food.

Question 4. What is the basis of classification of crops in our country? Solution: In our country, crops are classified on the basis of the season in which they grow.

Question 5. What are kharif crops? Solution: The crops which are sown in the rainy season and harvested in September/October are called kharif crops.

Question 6. What are summer crops? Solution: The crops which are grown in the summer season and harvested before rainy season are called summer crops or zayed crops.

Question 7. Name two summer season crops. Solution: Moong and muskmelon are summer season crops.

Question 8. What are rabi crops? Solution: The crops which are grown in the winter season and harvested in March/April are called rabi crops.

Question 9. Why paddy cannot be grown in the summer season? Solution: Paddy requires a lot of water, so it can only be grown during rainy season.

Question 10. What is meant by agricultural practices? Solution: The activities undertaken by farmers over a period of time for cultivation of crops are known as agricultural practices.

Question 11. Write a paragraph in your own words on preparation of soil. Solution: Soil is prepared by tilling i.e., loosening and turning of soil.

Question 12. Name the tool used for tilling of soil. Solution: A plough is used for tilling of soil.

Question 13. What are crumbs? Solution: A ploughed field may have big pieces of soil called crumbs.

Question 14. How are crumbs broken? Solution: The crumbs are broken with the help of a plank.

Question 15. Why should loose soil be levelled? Solution: Loose soil be levelled for sowing and irrigation.

Question 16. How is levelling of soil done? Solution: Levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller.

Question 17. How is ploughing done these days? Solution: Now a days ploughing is done by tractor having a multipronged plough.

Question 18. What is meant by sowing? Solution: Sowing is the process of putting seeds in the soil.

Question 19. What is meant by good quality seeds? Solution: The good quality seeds means clean and healthy seeds of a good variety free from diseases.

Question 20. What is the advantage of sowing seeds with a seed drill? Solution: The advantage of sowing seeds with a seed drill is that the seeds are sown at a proper depth under the soil and the distance between them is uniform.

Question 21. What are manure and fertilisers? Solution: The substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called manure and fertilisers.

Question 22. What is organic manure? Solution: Manure obtained from animal or plant waste such as cattle dung, droppings is called organic manure.

Question 23. What is meant by crop rotation? Solution: Growing crops alternatively to prevent depletion of any one nutrient from soil is called crop rotation.

Question 24. What is meant by irrigation? Solution: The supply of water to crops in the fields at different intervals is called irrigation.

Question 25. What is the drip system of irrigation? Solution: Falling of water drop by drop at the roots of the plant is called drip irrigation.

Question 26. Why should weeds be removed? Solution: Weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light and thus affect the growth of the crop. So, they should be removed.

Question 27. Name the process of removal of weeds. Solution: Weeding is the process of removal of weeds.

Question 28. How is harvesting done in our country? Solution: Harvesting in our country is done either manually by sickle or by a machine called harvester.

Question 29. Name the farm machine used for harvesting and threshing both. Solution: Combine.

Question 30. What is meant by winnowing? Solution: After threshing, the grain is separated from the chaff, with the help of wind. This is known as winnowing.

Question 31. How are food grains stored? Solution: Food grains are dried in the sun to remove the excess moisture and then stored.

Question 32. Why should grains be dried before storage? Solution: Grains should be dried before storage to remove the excess moisture in them, so that microbes are not able to attack the grains.

Question 33. What is meant by animal husbandry? Solution: The study of the care of animals is known as animal husbandry.

Question 34. Name some animals from whom milk can be obtained. Solution: Milk can be obtained from cow, buffalo, she goat and she camel.

Question 35. How is fish useful for us? Solution: Fish is highly nutritious and easily digestible food. Cod liver oil from fish is also a rich source of vitamin D.

Question 36. Name some animals which are reared for their meat. Solution: Sheep, goat, pigs, chicken and fish are reared for their meat.

Question 37. Why is honey so useful? Solution: Honey is an antiseptic and its enzymes help in digestion. It is also used for making several ayurvedic medicines.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – 2 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1. If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss. [NCERT] Solution: The farmer will not get a good crop because wheat should be sown in winter season.

Question 2. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field. [NCERT] Solution: When the crops are planted continuously in a field, the soil becomes deficient in nutrients.

Question 3. What are weeds? How can we control them? [NCERT] Solution: Weeds are unwanted plants in the fields. It can be controlled by

• During tilling they are removed.
• By removing them manually.
• By using weedicides.

Question 4.

(a) Give two examples of each : [NCT 2011, NCERT] (i) Kharif crop (ii) Rahi crop (b) Can you explain why most crops have a particular season in which they grow? Solution: (a) (i) Groundnut and cotton. (ii) Pea and mustard. (b) Most crops have a particular season in which they grow because different crops need different temperature, humidity and rainfall.

Question 5. What is a seed drill? Solution: A seed drill is used for sowing seeds. It has a funnel shaped opening leading to long tubes attached to a plough. Seeds are put into the funnel. As the plough makes furrows in the soil, the seeds are deposited in the soil by the drill.

Question 6. Give two reasons why seeds should be sown at correct distance. Solution: Seeds should be sown at a correct distance. The reasons are:

• If the seeds are too close, they will not get enough water, sunlight and nutrients.
• If the seeds are too far apart, there is wastage of field space.

Question 7. Give two methods by which threshing can be done. Solution: Threshing can be done manually by making oxen or buffaloes trample over the cut crop or by a machine called thresher.

Question 8. A farmer grow moong during the rainy season. Will he get a good crop? Solution: The farmer will not get a good crop of moong because moong should be grown during summer season.

Question 9. Why does loosening of soil allow roots to breathe easily? Solution: When soil is loosened, the roots can breathe easily because there is more air present in the soil.

Question 10. A farmer never leaves his field fallow. Will he get a good crop? Solution: If the field is never left fallow, the soil will become deficient in certain nutrients and the farmer will not get a good crop.

Question 11. What are fertilisers? Name two important fertilisers. Solution: Fertilisers are chemical substances which are rich in a particular nutrient. Urea and ammonium sulphate are two fertilisers.

Question 12. Give two disadvantages of using fertilisers excessively. Solution: Disadvantages of using excessive fertilisers :

• Soil fertility is reduced.
• It becomes a source of water pollution.

Question 13. What is the advantage of using manure? Solution: Manure improves soil texture as well as its water retaining capacity.

Question 14. Why should watering be increased during summer? Solution: The frequency of watering is higher in summer due to the increased rate of evaporation of water from the soil and the leaves.

Question 15. Name the two main methods of irrigation used in India nowadays. Solution: Two main methods of irrigation used in India’s nowadays are :

• Sprinkler system
• Drip system.

Question 16. When should the weedicides be sprayed? Solution: The weedicides are sprayed during the vegetative growth of weed before flowering and seed formation.

Question 17. How are grains stored in homes? Solution: At home grains are stored by putting dried neem leaves.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – 3 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1. Define lodging. How does it happen? [MSE (Chandigarh) 2008, 2006] Solution: Lodging is the falling of crop plants at the grain maturation stage. It happens due to untimely rains and strong winds.

Question 2.

• What is harvesting?
• Mention two important uses of tilling the soil. [MSE (Chandigarh) 2008]
• Cutting and gathering of crops after maturation is known as harvesting.
• It improves air circulation.
• Roots can penetrate deeper into the soil.

Question 3.

• Define crop.
• Name two categories of crops based on season. [KVS 2005]
• What are pesticides? [KVS 2005]
• The plants of same kind grown at a place is referred to as crop.
• Two categories of crop based on season are kharif and rabi crops.
• Pesticides are chemicals used to protect crops from harmful organisms called pests.
• Earthworms are nature’s ploughmen. How?
• How is soil a resource for all living organisms? Give any two points. [DAV2006]
• It is habitat for many living organisms.
• Plants grow in soil which provide food, shelter, material for clothes.
• Plants grows in soil and provide O2.
• Decomposition occurs in soil.

Question 5. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water. [NCERT] Solution: Supply of water to crops at appropriate intervals is called Irrigation. Two methods of irrigation are :

• Sprinkler system – Where water is sprinkled on the crops as if it is raining.
• Drip system – In this system, the water falls drop by drop just at the position of the roots.

Question 6. Name three natural methods of replenishing the nutrients of the soil. Are these natural methods sufficient to maintain the fertility of the soil? Solution: Field fallow, crop rotation and mixed cropping are three natural methods of replenishing the nutrients of the soil. These natural methods are not enough and farmers have to resort to manures and fertilisers.

Question 7. Give three reasons, why soil should be turned and loosened? Solution:

• It allows the roots to penetrate deep in the soil.
• It helps the growth of earthworms and microbes in the soil.
• Various nutrients held in the dead organisms are released back in the soil.

Question 8. What are the three steps involved in the preparation of soil? Solution:

• Ploughing the soil to loosen it.
• Levelling the soil to ensure uniform distribution of water and nutrients.
• Manuring to provide nutrients to the soil.

Question 9. Name the three tools used for ploughing and give the function of each. Solution:

• Plough – It is used for tilling of soil, adding fertilisers to the crop, removing the weeds, scrapingof soil.
• Hoe – It is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil.
• Cultivator – Used for ploughing.

Question 10. How is organic manure obtained? Solution: Farmers dump plant and animal waste in pits at open places and allow it to be decomposed by microorganisms. This decomposed material is converted into organic manure.

Question 11. Give three reasons. Why water is important for plants? Solution: Water is important for plants because:

• Nutrients dissolved in water are absorbed by roots of plants.
• Germination of seeds takes place because of water.
• It protects the plant from frost and hot air currents.

Question 12. What are the advantages of sprinkler system of irrigation? Solution: Advantages of using sprinkler system of irrigation are :

• The sprinkler system of irrigation is useful on the uneven lands where water is available in smaller quantities.
• It conserves water.
• It is useful for the sandy soil.

Question 13. Give the advantages of using the drip system of irrigation. Solution: Advangates of using drip system of irrigation are :

• It provides water to plants drop by drop.
• Water is not wasted at all.
• It can be used where availability of water is less.

Question 14. Explain the manual method of removing weeds. Solution: The manual’removal of weeds includes physical removal of weeds by cutting them close to the ground from time to time. This is done with the help of khurpi or a harrow.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – 5 Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.

• What are the two ways of sowing the seeds? [DAV2007]
• Give any three advantages of ploughing.
• Seeds can be sown manually or by seed drills.
• Loose soil has lot of air trapped which allows roots to breathe.
• Loose soil allows the roots to penetrate deeper.
• Loose soil helps the growth of microbes and other organisms.
• What will happen if field is not ploughed before sowing the seeds? Give any two disadvantages. [DAV2006]
• How are perishable food items stored on a commercial scale?
• Why should excessive supply of water be avoided?
• What are weeds?
• Seeds cannot be sown at proper depth.
• Water and air holding capacity of soil will be poor.
• Perishable food items can be stored in deep freezers and cold storages.
• Roots get damaged and the plants die because of excessive supply of water.
• They are unwanted plants which grow along with the cultivated plants.

Question 3. (a) Why does farmer rotate crops in the field? (b) Differentiate between manure and fertiliser. [DAV2005] Solution: (a) To replenish the nutrients of the soil. (b)

or (a) (i) While spraying pesticides, nose and mouth should be closed. (ii) Position of the farmer should be such that the wind blows away from his face. (iii) Immediately after spraying is done, hands should be washed, face and mouth should be cleaned with water.

Question 6. Explain the method used these days to sow seeds. Solution: These days the seed drill is used for sowing seeds with the help of a tractor. This sows the seed uniformly at a proper distance and depth. Seeds get covered by soil during sowing with a drill. This prevents damage caused by birds. Sowing by using seed drill saves time and labour.

Question 7. What are the advantages of organic manure? Solution: The advantages of organic manure are :

• It enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.
• It makes the soil porous due to which exchange of gases takes place.
• The number of friendly microbes is increased.
• The organic manure improves the texture of the soil.

Question 8. How does a plough work? Solution: A plough is an agricultural implement used for tilling and loosening of soil. It has a triangular iron strip called plough share. Plough shaft is the main part made of a long wooden log. The other end is hung on the bull’s necks. The plough can be with two bulls and one person.

Question 9. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following : [NCERT]

• Preparation of soil
• Preparation of soil : Preparation of the soil involves loosening and turning the soil. This process, known as ploughing, is done by using a wooden or iron plough which is pulled either by an animal or by tractors. Loose soil is then levelled by using a wooden or iron leveller.
• Sowing : Seeds are sown after preparation of the soil. Seeds can be sown manually or by seed drills by the process called broadcasting. Seeds should be sown at the correct depth and at correct distance.
• Weeding : The process of removing weeds from a field is called weeding. Weeding can be done manually by pulling the weeds out by hand or by using a harrow to uproot them. Weeding can also be done by spraying special chemicals called weedicides.
• Threshing: Threshing is the process of separating the grain from the cut crop. Threshing can be done manually by making oxen or buffaloes trample over the cut crop or by using a machine called thresher.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 – Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Paddy can be grown in (a) summer season (b) autumn (c) rainy season (d) winter Solution: (c)

Question 2. Wheat can be grown in (a) winter (b) rainy season (c) spring (d) summer Solution: (a)

Question 3. Which of the following is a rabi crop? (a) Paddy (b) Maize (c) Mustard (d) Soyabean Solution: (c)

Question 4. Loosening and turning of the soil is known as (a) tilling (b) broadcasting (c) transplantation (d) manuring Solution: (a)

Question 5. Sowing the seeds manually is known as (a) ploughing (b) broadcasting (c) tilling (d) transplantation Solution: (b)

Question 6. The method of transferring seedlings from nursery to field is known as (a) broadcasting (b) transplantation (c) crop rotation (d) harvesting Solution: (b)

Question 7. Leaving the agricultural land uncultivated for one or more seasons is known as (a) field fallow (b) crop rotation (c) manuring (d) threshing Solution: (a)

Question 8. Chemical substances rich in specific nutrients are called (a) manures (b) fertilisers (c) pesticides (d) weedicides Solution: (b)

Question 9. Chemicals which kill weeds are known as (a) fertilizers (b) pesticides (c) weedicides (d) none of these Solution: (c)

Question 10. Cutting and gathering of crops after maturation is known as (a) harvesting (b) threshing (c) broadcasting (d) tilling Solution: (a)

More CBSE Class 8 Study Material

• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit

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Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management MCQ with Answers

Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) with Answers is available here in PDF format. CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Objective Questions helps the students to understand the concepts thoroughly and to score good marks. Practising these MCQs will help you to answer every question that is being asked in the exams.

At Study Path, you can download PDF of Multiple Choice Questions for Class 8 Chapter 1 with Answers Crop Production and Management. Science MCQs for Class 8 Chapter 1 with Answers is prepared on the basis latest exam Pattern. Students can solve NCERT Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management MCQs Pdf with Answers to know their preparation level.

Crop Production and Management Class 8 MCQ with Answers

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. The Crops which are grown in rainy season are called  

(a) Rabi crop (b) Seasonal crop (c) Monsoon crop (d) Kharif crop

Answer: (d) Kharif crop

2. Rabi Crops are grown in _______ season  

(a) Summer (b) Spring (c) Winter (d) rainy

Answer: (c) Winter

3. Nowadays seed is sown in the field using  

(a) Seed Tractor (b) Seed drill (c) Seed Tiller (d) Seed Plough

Answer: (b) Seed drill

4. Which of the following description is true for describing ‘fertiliser’  

(a) Used in large quantity (b) Organic in nature (c) Does not cause pollution (d) Produced in factories

Answer: (d) Produced in factories

5. Rhizobium (a Bacteria) which fixes atmospheric nitrogen are found in nodules growing in  

(a) Roots of leguminous plants (b) Leaves of leguminous plants (c) Stem of Leguminous plants (d) All of the above.

Answer: (a) Roots of leguminous plants

6. Before sowing the seeds, it is necessary to break soil to the size of grains to get better yield. The main tools used for such are  

(a) Tractor, Hoe, Seed drill (b) Bullock, tiller, tractor (c) Plough, Hoe, Cultivator (d) Plough, Seed Drill, Tractor

Answer: (c) Plough, Hoe, Cultivator

7. Growing different crops alternately on the same land is technically called

(a) Crop Alternation (b) Crop Rotation (c) Crop Revolution (d) Crop Change

Answer: (b) Crop Rotation

8. Moat, Dhekli and Rahat are different

(a) Traditional methods of cultivation (b) Traditional methods of Weeding (c) Traditional methods of Seed sowing (d) Traditional methods of irrigation

Answer: (d) Traditional methods of irrigation

9. In the harvested crop the grain seed is separated from the chaff. This process id called ___ ___

(a) Threshing (b) Seeding (c) Ploughing (d) Weeding

Answer: (a) Threshing

10. The farm appliance ‘Combine’ is a combined

(a) Plough and Harvester (b) Seed drill cum Thresher (c) Harvester and Thresher (d) Harvester cum Sprayer 

Answer: (c) Harvester and Thresher

11. Organic wastes can be decomposed to form ________, which can sustainably enhance the nutrient content of the soil.

(a) compost (b) cow dung (c) fertiliser (d) pesticide

Answer: (a) compost

12. Which of the following is a rabi crop?

(a) Rice (b) Mustard (c) Soyabean (d) Maize

Answer: (b) Mustard

13. Which of the following should be used by a farmer with a large farm to harvest his crops quickly and efficiently?

(a) Winnowing machine (b) Combine (c) Sickle (d) Seed drill

Answer: (b) Combine

14. In today’s world, where water is a scarce resource, which among the following irrigation methods is most feasible and sustainable?

(a) Sprinkler system (b) Drip system (c) Tube well (d) Chain pump

Answer: (b) Drip system

15. Consider the following statements about weeding and identify the incorrect one.

(a) Weeding is best done during tilling itself.

(b) Weeding is the process of growing weed.

(c) Weeding is the process of removal of weeds.

(d) Weeding is usually done manually or by using weedicides.

Answer: (b) Weeding is the process of growing weed.

16. What are the important steps in the preparation of soil?

(a) Loosening and sowing (b) Loosening and weeding (c) Turning and sowing (d) Turning and loosening

Answer: (b) Turning and loosening

17. Which of the following is not a traditional irrigation method?

(a) Moat (b) Chain pump (c) Lever system (d) Drip system

Answer: (d) Drip system

18. If you were a farmer, which of the following methods will you use to separate good quality and viable grains from a heap of grains after harvest?

(a) Checking the weight of grains.

(b) Checking grains under sunlight for pores.

(c) Immersing the grains in water.

(d) Sowing seeds and waiting for germination.

Answer: (c) Immersing the grains in water.

19. Which of the following is used to preserve food grains at home?

(a) Spinach leaves (b) Curry leaves (c) Neem leaves (d) Tulsi leaves

Answer: (c) Neem leaves

20. Weeds are controlled by chemicals called _________.

(a) Pesticides (b) Fungicides (c) Weedicides (d) Insecticides

Answer: (c) Weedicides

21. Which type of irrigation is similar to rainfall?

(a) Moat (b) Sprinkler system (c) Rahat (d) Drip system

Answer: (b) Sprinkler system

22. What are the advantages of preparing the soil?

(a) All of these.

(b) Makes decomposition by microbes easier.

(c) Makes the top soil nutrient rich.

Allows roots to penetrate the soil easily.

Answer: (a) All of these.

23. The process of loosening and turning the soil is known as:

(a) Winnowing (b) Ploughing (c) Harvesting (d) Threshing

Answer: (b) Ploughing

24. Which of the following tool helps in uniform distribution of seeds while sowing?

(a) Thresher (b) Seed drill (c) Funnel connected to pipes (d) Sprinkler

Answer: (b) Seed drill

25. Identify the agricultural method in which different crops are grown on a piece of land season after season.

(a) Irrigation (b) Monoculture (c) Crop rotation (d) Shifting cultivation

Answer: (c) Crop rotation

26. Rhizobium bacteria in the root nodules of leguminous plants help in fixing:

(a) Sulphur (b) Oxygen (c) Nitrogen (d) Hydrogen

Answer: (c) Nitrogen

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Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management

   Science

  (www.olympiadsuccess.com)

  Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management

  Class: VIII

   Exemplar Solutions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 1. Which one of the following condition is not essential to grow maize?

(a) High temperature   (c) Low temperature

 (b) Humidity  (d) Rainfall

Answer 1 (c)

Question 2. Propagation of ginger is generally done using

(a) seed  (c) root 

(b) stem (rhizome)   (d) leaf

Answer 2 (b)

Question 3. Which of the following statement is not true for organic manure?

 (a) It enhances water holding capacity of soil.

 (b) It has a balance of all plant nutrients.

 (c) It provides humus to soil.

 (d) It improves texture of soil.

Answer 3 (b)

Question 4. The term used for the process of separation of grains from chaff is

 (a) sieving  (c) winnowing

(b) threshing   (d) hand picking

Answer 4 (c)

  Question 5. Read the statements given below.

(i) Seeds require moisture for germination.

(ii) Plants can absorb nutrients mostly in dissolved form.

(iii) Irrigation protects crops from both frost and hot air currents.

(iv) Irrigation improves soil texture.

Choose the combination of statements which indicate the need to irrigate crops.

(a) i and ii  (b) i, ii, iii

(c) i, ii, iii, iv   (d) i and iii 

Answer 5 (a)

Question 6.  Which of the following tools would a farmer use to remove weeds from the field?

(a) Hoe  (c) Axe

(b) Plough  (d) Cultivator

Answer 6 (a)

Question 7. Which of the following is not true for fertilisers?

(a) They increase the yield.

(b) Their excessive use disturbs the balance of nutrients in soil.

(c) They are generally used in small quantity.

(d) They are environment friendly.

Answer 7 (d)

Question 8. Given below are statements about the harmful effects of weeds on crop plants.

 (i) They interfere in harvesting.

 (ii) They help crop plants to grow healthily.

 (iii) They compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light.

 (iv) They affect plant growth.

Choose the correct combination of statements .

(a) i, iii, iv  (c) iii, iv

(b) iii only  (d) i, ii, iii, iv

Answer 8 (a)

 Question 9. The process of loosening and turning of soil is called

 (a) irrigation and manuring  (c) tilling and ploughing

(b) digging and winnowing  (d) harvesting and storage

Answer 9 (c)

 Question 10. The monsoon season in our country is during the months

 (a) April to December   (c) November to March

 (b) June to September  (d) January to May

Answer 10 (b)

Question 11. The system of irrigation where in water is supplied drop by drop near the roots of plants, is called

(a) pulley system  (c) sprinkler system

 (b) drip system  (d) lever system

Answer 11 (b)

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 12. Pick out the odd one from the following words given in the box and give reason for it.

  Plough, Seed Drill, Hoe, Chain Pump, Sickle

 Seed drill, because it is a modern agricultural implement. All others are traditional tools.

Question 13. If you are given a dry piece of land for cultivation what will you do before sowing the seeds?

 The field will be watered, tilled and ploughed before sowing the seeds.

Question 14. State whether the following statements are True or False.

 Correct the false statements.

• Using good quality seed is the only criterion to get high yield.
• Growing different crops in different seasons in the same field will deplete the soil of nutrients.
• All crop plants are sown as seeds in the field.
• Cells of root nodules of leguminous plants fix nitrogen.
• Freshly harvested grains must be dried before storing.

(i) False:  Apart from good quality seeds, using appropriate agricultural practices are important for getting higher yield.

(ii) False: It actually enriches the soil.

(iii) False: Some crop plants need transplantation.

(iv) False: Rhizobium (bacteria) present in the cells of root nodules of leguminous, plants fix nitrogen.

 Question 15. During which months do farmers grow mustard in India?

 From October to March

Question 16. Which activity of the farmer can promote growth of earthworms and microbes in the field?

 Loosening the soil/maintaining high moisture levels in soil can promote growth of earthworms and microbes in the field.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 17. Beera, wants to practice crop rotation in his field. Suggest a Rabi crop and a Kharif crop which will replenish his field with nitrogen. Which crop replenishes nitrogen and why?

Kharif : Rice or Soyabean,  Rabi : Pea or Wheat.

Pea/Soyabean are legumes that will fix nitrogen with the help of Rhizobium.

Question 18. Match the agricultural implements given in Column A with their use given in Column B.

  Column A  Column B 

  (i) Sickle  (a) Ploughing

 (ii) Hoe  (b) Sowing

   (iii) Seed Drill   (c) Harvesting 

  (iv) Sprinkler   (d) Irrigation

   (i)___; (ii)___; (iii)___; (iv)___

 (i)-c; (ii)-a; (iii)-b; (iv)-d

Question 19. What are organic foods?

 Organic crops are the crops that are cultivated without using any chemicals like fertilisers, weedicides, pesticides, etc.

Question 20. From the word puzzle given as Fig. 1.1 find atleast eight words which are ‘farmer’s friends.’ Classify them into living and non living.

Living  :  Seed, Earthworm, Rhizobium, Microbes, Ox

Non living:  Plough, Urea, NPK, Manure, Hoe

Question 21. (a) Name the tool used with a tractor for sowing seeds in a field.

Answer 21 (a)

 Seed Drill is the tool.

  (b) What are the advantages of using this tool?

Answer 21 (b)

  The advantages are,

• seeds are sown at a uniform distance and depth; to avoid over crowding.
• after sowing, seeds are covered by soil which prevent them from being eaten by the birds.
• It saves time and labour.

Question 22. (a) Name the practice followed for large scale rearing of farm animals.

Answer 22 (a)

 Animal husbandry is the practice followed for large scale rearing of farm animals.

  (b) What facilities are provided to farm animals?

Answer 22 (b)

Farm animals are provided with care, shelter and proper food.

Question 23. Clasify the following crops into Khariff and Rabi crops and write in the tabular column given below:

   Maize, paddy, mustard, pea, gram, wheat, groundnut, cotton.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 24. Despite favourable climatic conditions, a farmer’s crop failed to give good yield. Give the possible reasons for this.

• Good quality seeds were not used.
• The field was not well irrigated.
• Manures/fertilisers were not properly applied.
• Weeds were not removed. More reasons can be added to the list.

Question 25. As a part of eco-club activity students were asked to raise a kitchen garden in the school premises. They were provided with some materials given in the box. List the other materials you would require. How will you plan the garden? Write the steps.

  khurpi, water-can, spade, shovel

Note: You have been asked to use only environment friendly materials.

 The following items are required – seeds and seedlings of vegetable plants from nursery, kitchen waste, water.

 Steps for raising the garden:

• Kitchen waste will be collected and composted in a pit.
• A patch of land will be identified for the garden.
• Soil will be dug up and levelled with the help of a spade.
• Sowing of seeds / transplanting of seedlings.
• Select seeds/seedlings as per the season. Water the plants regularly with a water-can.
• Compost will be applied.
• Weeds will be removed periodically with the help of Khurpi tool.

Question 26. Paddy is a major cereal crop in our country.

(a) In which season is paddy cultivated?

Answer 26 (a)  Paddy is cultivated in Rainy season.

(b) Discuss the method of sowing.

Answer 26 (b)

 In the method of sowing first seeds are grown in a nursery and later seedlings are transplanted in the field.

(c) What measures must be taken to prevent spoilage and insect attack of harvested grains.

Answer 26 (c)

 Grains are sun dried to reduce the moisture content and later stored in jute bags or grain silos.

Question 27. Unscramble the words related to crop production and its management and write in the boxes given beneath them.

(ii) THRESHING

(iii)IRRIGATION

Activity carried out in fields after maturation of crop-Harvesting

Now, using the circled letters, form one word which is an activity carried out in fields, after maturation of crops.

Question 28. Given below is a conversation between two farmers Heera and Beera.

Heera : Brother Beera, your maize crops looks beautiful! They have grown pretty fast.

Beera : Yes, I have sprayed urea this time. What about you? 

Heera : Well, I am still relying on good old cow dung. I am saving money for buying a tractor.

 Beera : That’s good. Tractor saves a lot of time and labour.

Heera : Yes, it’s been very labour intensive for me and now these weeds have come up.

Beera : Try weedicides, they are very effective.

Now answer the following questions.

• List the practices which are not environment friendly and why?

Answer 28 (i)

 Use of fertilisers and weedicides; as they are hazardous to the environment. And, use of tractor causes air pollution.

• What is the advantage of modern agriculture implements over traditional ones?

Answer 28 (ii)

 Compared to traditional equipments modern equipments saves both labour and time.

• Name one weedicide and the precaution farmers must take during its application.

Answer 28 (iii)

 An example of a weedicide is 2, 4–D. While spraying  weedicide farmers should cover their mouth and nose as they can cause health hazards.

Question 29. For discussion

Despite being one of the growing economies, our country still has a large section of population going hungry and malnourished. Do you think an efficient crop production mechanism is the only solution to this? Discuss in the class what else needs to be done to root out hunger and malnutrition from our country.

 Students may come up with practical solutions during the course of discussion.

 Question 30. Terms related to agricultural practice are given below. Rearrange them in the correct sequence.

  harvesting, sowing, manuring, tilling and ploughing, irrigation, de-weeding.

 Tilling and ploughing, sowing, manuring, irrigation, de - weeding, harvesting.

Other Chapters

• Chapter 2: Microorganisms: Friend and Foe
• Chapter 3: Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
• Chapter 4: Materials - Metals and Non- Metals
• Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum
• Chapter 6: Combustion and Flame
• Chapter 7: Conservation of Plants and Animals
• Chapter 8: Cell - Structure and Functions
• Chapter 9: Cell - Reproduction in Animals
• Chapter 10: Cell – Reaching the age of Adolescence
• Chapter 11: Force and Pressure
• Chapter 12: Friction
• Chapter 13: Sound
• Chapter 14: Chemical Effects of Electric Current
• Chapter 15: Some Natural Phenomena
• Chapter 17: Stars and The Solar System
• Chapter 18: Pollution of Air and Water

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

Ncert solutions for class 8 science chapter 1 crop production and management - topics, chapter 1 crop production and management ncert questions and answers- notes, ncert solutions for class 8 science chapter 1 crop production and management - mcq questions with answers.

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Crop production and management class-8

10 questions

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No student devices needed.   Know more

WHAT IS CROP?

WHEN DIFFERENT PLANTS ARE CULTIVATED ON SAME PATCH OF LAND ON LARGE SCALE

WHEN SAME TYPE OF PLANTS ARE CULTIVATED IN SAME PATCH OF LAND ON LARGE SCALE

WHEN SAME TYPE OF PLANTS ARE CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT LANDS IN LESS NUMBER

NONE OF THE ABOVE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CROP GROWS IN WINTER?

answer choices

IDENTIFY THE PLOUGH FROM THE FOLLOWING FIGURES

Harvesting is a process of

separating grains from stalk

preparing soil for sowing seeds

collecting ripened crops from the field

removing undesired plants from the crop field

In order to obtain a higher yield, farmers must undertake various agricultural practices. Which is the first step in this process?

Addition of manure

Preparation of soil

A seed drill helps in _____ The information in which alternative completes the given statement?

sowing seeds at a uniform distance

spreading manure

Irrigation is an important part of crop production. Irrigation increases crop yield by

increasing the dependence of crops on monsoons

reducing the dependence of crops on monsoons

reducing pest attacks on crops

none of these

The main purpose of winnowing is to ________.

separate grains from the straw

separate the chaff and the grain

dehydrate the grains

grind the grains

IDENTIFY THE AGRICULTURAL TOOL

Weeds can be defined as

Useful plants present in the field

Undesirable plants present in the field

Plants that cannot be used at all

Undesirable insects present in the field.

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• CBSE Notes For Class 8
• Class 8 Science Notes
• Chapter 1: Crop Production And Management

Crop Production And Management Class 8 Notes

Plants of the same kind that are grown and cultivated as a source of food in a large cultivable land is called a crop.

To know more about Crops, visit here .

Types of Crops

Crops, which are grown in the winter season (from October to March) are called Rabi crops. The crops, which are sown in the rainy season (from July to October) are called Kharif crops.

For more information on Food Production and Management, watch the below video

Preparation of Soil

• Preparation of soil is the first step in cultivating crops for food production.
• The soil is prepared for sowing the seeds of the crop.
• This is carried out using various processes and tools.

To know more about Agriculture Soil Formation and Preparation, visit here .

For more information on Farming, watch the below video

Tilling or Ploughing

The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing and is done by using a plough.

• A plough is a device that is used by farmers for different purposes, such as adding fertilizers, tilling and loosening the soil.
• It is also used for adding fertilizers to the soil, removing weeds, scraping of soil, etc.
• The ploughshare is the triangular iron strip.
• A ploughshaft is the main part of the plough, which is made using a log of wood.
• The other end of the shaft has a handle.
• The other end is attached to a beam which is placed on the bull’s neck.
• A wooden, traditional plough can be operated by a pair of ox and a man.
• Nowadays, these wooden ploughs are being replaced by iron ploughs.

• A cultivator is attached to the tractor and helps in loosening soil.
• Cultivators are used instead of ploughs since they are faster.

For more information on Irrigation, watch the below video

• Sowing is the process of planting seeds in the soil.
• The seeds are sowed in the soil that is loosened by a cultivator or plough.

To know more about Sowing, visit here .

Quality of the Seeds

• The quality of the seed is an important factor that determines the crop yield.
• The selection of good seeds is done by putting the seeds in water.
• The dead and damaged seeds become hollow and float on water, whereas the good seeds sink.

To know more about Selection and Sowing of Seeds, visit here .

Traditional Tools

• Before the advent of modern agricultural machinery, traditional tools were used by farmers.
• These include ploughs, shovels, scythes and pickaxes.
• The traditional tool used to sow the seeds was like a funnel.
• Once seeds were put into this funnel, they would go into 2-3 tubes having sharp ends.
• The ends will pierce into the soil and place the seeds there.
• Seed drills are used for sowing with the help of tractors.
• It ensures that seeds are sown uniformly, at a particular depth and are covered by soil after sowing.
• A nursery is a place where young plants and trees are grown for planting elsewhere.
• Nursery acts as a repository of saplings.

Germination of Seeds

• Germination of the seed happens when the seed is sown in the land and watered.
• A plant starts to emerge from the seed and starts to grow.

Adding Manure and Fertilisers

Manure/fertilizers.

• Manures and fertilizers are substances that are added to the soil to increase its fertility.
• Manures are made by decomposition of organic substances, and fertilizers are made of inorganic chemicals.

Differences between Manure and Fertilizers

To know more about Manure and Fertilizer, visit here .

Disadvantages of Using Fertilizers

• Excessive use of fertiliser can cause pollution.
• It can also change the pH of the soil in certain rare cases.

Leaving the Land Fallow

• When land is left fallow for a certain period of time, the land replenishes its nutrients by itself.
• This land can be used for agriculture again.

Crop Rotation

• Crop rotation ensures that the same crop will not grow continuously and lead to the erosion of soil fertility.
• By growing crops that require different sets of nutrients, we can ensure that soil fertility is restored.

Protecting from Weeds

Weeds are undesirable plants that may grow naturally along with the crop.

• Weeds compete with the crops by absorbing all the water, nutrients, space and light.

To know more about Weeds, visit here .

• Tilling is a process done before sowing of crops that helps in uprooting and killing weeds.

Manual Removal

• Manual removal includes physical removal of weeds by uprooting them from the soil or chopping them off to ground level periodically.
• Chemicals used to kill the weeds are known as weedicides.
• They usually don’t damage the crop.
• Harvesting is the process of cutting the crop after it is mature.

Methods of Harvesting

• Harvesting is done by two methods.
• First is the manual method, where a sickle is used.
• Second is the mechanical method, where a huge machine called a harvester is used.
• Threshing is the process of loosening the grains from the chaff.
• While it can be done manually, a machine is used that separates all the grain seeds these days.

To know more about Threshing, visit here .

• Winnowing is the process that separates grain seeds from the chaff using the help of the wind.
• Due to the wind, the lighter chaff flies away, and the heavier grains fall down.

To know more about Winnowing, visit here .

• Storage of the grains is an important step in agriculture.
• After harvesting steps, the ready grains are stored in granaries or silos.
• The grains have to be stored in a dry place that does not have a rodent or fungal infestation.
• Fumigation of storage places is carried out to make it free from microbes.
• Granaries are the place where freshly obtained food grains are stored.

To know more about Storage of Grains, visit here .

Animal Husbandry

• Animal husbandry is the management and care of farm animals for milk, egg or meat.

To know more about Animal Husbandry, visit here .

At BYJU’S, learn more about crop production and management and other related topics, including class 8 Science notes .

Also Read:-

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 8 Science Notes Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

What are the different types of irrigation methods.

The four main types of irrigation are Surface, Sprinkler, Drip and Subsurface.

What are biofertilizers?

Biofertilizers are living microbes that enhance plant nutrition by either mobilizing or increasing nutrient availability in soils. Various microbial taxa, including beneficial bacteria and fungi are currently used as biofertilizers, as they successfully colonize the rhizosphere, rhizoplane or root interior.

What is animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk or other dairy products.

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