case study on physical features of india class 9

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Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re seeking Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions, you’ve come to the correct spot. Students can use Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions to help them answer a variety of questions about the Class 9 Social Science case study.

The CBSE Board has included case study questions in Class 9 Social Science examination pattern. As a result, it becomes an indispensable study tool.

The need for a student-friendly app to explain and facilitate the understanding of the social sciences subject has been felt for a long. Especially for students who do not have a strong foundation in Class 9 Social Science. With myCBSEguide , class 9 social science students now have a place where they can find resources that are student-friendly, interesting and easy to understand.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study questions are intended to assess student’s abilities to apply their learning to practical scenarios. You’ll need to employ your critical thinking and problem-solving skills to come up with the best solution. Class 9 Social Science case study questions are designed to test your knowledge and help you improve your skills.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

myCBSEguide has identified the essential themes connected to CBSE case study questions for Class 9 Social Science that every student should be aware of following a comprehensive examination of CBSE Sample Papers and Marking Scheme. Students in Class 9 Social Science will benefit from this information in understanding the changes in the Class 9 Social Science. For a better understanding and analysis, students should refer to the example of Class 9 Social Science case study questions attached below:

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The king had commanded troops to move into the city. Rumours spread that he would soon order the army to open fire upon the citizens. Some 7,000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form a peoples’ militia. They broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms. Finally, a group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city and stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille, where they hoped to find hoarded ammunition. In the armed fight that followed, the commander of the Bastille was killed and the prisoners released – though there were only seven of them. Yet the Bastille was hated by all because it stood for the despotic power of the king. The fortress was demolished and its stone fragments were sold in the markets to all those who wished to keep a souvenir of its destruction. The days that followed saw more rioting both in Paris and the countryside. Most people were protesting against the high price of bread. Much later, when historians looked back upon this time, they saw it as the beginning of a chain of events that ultimately led to the execution of the king in France, though most people at the time did not anticipate this outcome. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

On 14th July, 1789 the people of the ________ estate attacked the Bastille prison and freed all the prisoners signalling the start of the _________.

• first, civil war
• fourth, Russian war
• second, movement
• third, revolution

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

• The Bastille was the fortress-prison.
• The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king.
• On the morning of 14 July 1789, the people of Paris stormed Bastille
• All are correct

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): The people of France storm the Bastille. Reason (R): They were hopeful to find King Louis XIV and commander of the Bastille there.

• Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is correct but R is wrong.
• Both A and R are wrong.

What was the immediate cause of rioting in Paris?

• Atrocities by the commander
• The high price of bread
• The killing of women and children
• All of these

Answer Key:

• (d) third, revolution
• (b) The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king. [Explanation: The Bastille stood for the despotic power of the king.]
• (c) A is correct but R is wrong. [Explanation: The people of France stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille because they were hopeful to find hoarded ammunition there.]
• (b) high price of bread

Class 9Social Science Case Study Question 2

Read the extracts and answer the question that follows:

The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the Himalayas northern borders of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world. They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh. The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half. The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.

The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.

• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as?
• Give two features of the folds of Great Himalayas.
• Give two features of the Inner Himalayas.
• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as the ‘Himadri’.
• (Any two relevant points)
• The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature.
• The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite.
• It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.
• Features of the Inner Himalayas:
• It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
• It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.  

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the ‘Chief Executive’ of the country. Later he changed his designation to President and in 2002 held a referendum in the country that granted him a five-year extension. Pakistani media, human rights organisations and democracy activists said that the referendum was based on malpractices and fraud. In August 2002 he issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President can dismiss the national and provincial assemblies. The work of the civilian cabinet is supervised by a National Security Council which is dominated by military officers. After passing this law, elections were held to the national and provincial assemblies. So Pakistan has had elections, elected representatives have some powers. But the final power rested with military officers and General Musharraf himself. Clearly, there are many reasons why Pakistan under General Musharraf should not be called a democracy. People may have elected their representatives to the national and provincial assemblies but those elected representatives were not really the rulers. They cannot take the final decisions. The power to take final decision rested with army officials and with General Musharraf, and none of them were elected by the people. This happens in many dictatorships and monarchies. They formally have an elected parliament and government but the real power is with those who are not elected. In a few countries, the real power was with some external powers and not with locally elected representatives. This cannot be called people’s rule. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

What is the meaning of Referendum?

• Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• A form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people
• A system where the majority or elected representatives are allowed to take decisions on behalf of all the people

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): Pakistan not considered a democratic country even after having elections Reason (R): Despite elections to the national and provincial assemblies, the final powers rested with General Musharraf and military officers.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is wrong but R is correct.

After the passage of the ________, elections were held to the national and state assemblies.

• Military rule
• Legal Framework Order
• Both (b) and (c)

Does the given source explain the significance of which feature of democracy?

• Democracy must be based on a free and fair election
• In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people
• In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote
• Democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights
• (a) Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• (c) Legal Framework Order
• (b) In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people

Steps to Master Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

Class 9 Social Science case study questions can be daunting, but there are some strategies you can use to ace them. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to Class 9 social science case study questions. The best way to solve a social science case study will vary depending on the specific case in question. However, there are some general tips that can be followed in order to improve your chances of success while answering class 9 social science case study questions.

• First, make sure to read the question carefully and understand what is being asked. It is often helpful to re-read the question after gathering all of your information.
• Next, organize your thoughts and create an outline of your answer. This will help you to stay on track and include all relevant information.
• Finally, write your answer in a clear and concise manner.

Class 9 Social Science Content Structure

Class 9 social science content is divided into four parts: History, Geography, Economics and Political Science. Each part is further divided into smaller themes/chapters.

Each of these topics given in Class 9 Social Science is important in its own right, and together they provide a comprehensive overview that affect our world today. The content is structured in such a way as to provide Class 9 Social Science students with a broad understanding of each issue, while also allowing them to focus on specific areas that are of particular interest to Class 9 Social Science students.

Class 9 Social Science COURSE CONTENT 

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• India – Size and Location Class 9 Case Study Social Science Geography Chapter 1

Last Updated on September 9, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 9 social science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 9 social science. In this article, you will find case study for CBSE Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 India – Size and Location. It is a part of Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 9 Social Science Series.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on India – Size and Location Class 9

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

The Indian landmass has a central location between the East and the West Asia. India is a Southward extension of the Asian continent. The trans Indian Ocean routes, which connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia, provide a strategic central location to India. Note that the Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, thus helping India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the Western coast and with South-East and East Asia from the Eastern coast. No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has and indeed, it is India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean, which justifies the naming of an Ocean after it.

Q. 1. Of which continent is India a Southward extension? a. Asia b. Europe c. Antarctica d. Sri Lanka

Q. 2. Which routes connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia? a. Palk Strait route b. Trans Indian Ocean route c. Suez Canal route d. Bay of Bengal route

Q. 3. Name the only country in the world after which an ocean is named. a. Bangladesh b. Myanmar c. India d. Sri Lanka

Q. 4. What is the total length of the coastline of the Indian mainland? a. 7646 km b. 7243.6 km c. 7516.6 km d. 7526.8 km

Q. 5. Which of the following helps India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the Western coast? a. Gulf of Mannar b. Palk Strait c. Deccan Peninsula d. Indian Peninsula

Q. 6. Where is the Indian landmass located in Asia? a. East located b. West located c. Southwards d. Centrally located

• Electoral Politics Class 9 Case Study Social Science Political Science Chapter 3
• Constitutional Design Class 9 Case Study Social Science Political Science Chapter 2
• Food Security in India Class 9 Case Study Social Science Economics Chapter 4
• What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Case Study Social Science Political Science Chapter 1
• Poverty as a Challenge Class 9 Case Study Social Science Economics Chapter 3
• People as Resources Class 9 Case Study Social Science Economics Chapter 2
• Drainage Class 9 Case Study Social Science Geography Chapter 3
• Physical Features of India Class 9 Case Study Social Science Geography Chapter 2
• Forest Society and Colonialism Class 9 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 4
• Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 3

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 2

The french revolution class 9 case study social science history chapter 1, topics from which case study questions may be asked.

Here is a list of topics from which case study questions may be asked.

• Why Deforestation?
• Rise of Commercial Forestry
• How were Lives of People Affected
• Rebellion in the Forests
• The Fear of the People
• Forest Transformation in Java
• New Development in Forestry

India shares its international border with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the North-west.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on India – Size and Location Class 9 Case Study

Q1: what are case study questions.

A1: Case study questions are a type of question that presents a detailed scenario or a real-life situation related to a specific topic. Students are required to analyze the situation, apply their knowledge, and provide answers or solutions based on the information given in the case study. These questions help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Q2: How should I approach case study questions in exams?

A2: To approach case study questions effectively, follow these steps: Read the case study carefully: Understand the scenario and identify the key points. Analyze the information: Look for clues and relevant details that will help you answer the questions. Apply your knowledge: Use what you have learned in your course to interpret the case study and answer the questions. Structure your answers: Write clear and concise responses, making sure to address all parts of the question.

Q3: What are the benefits of practicing case study questions from your website?

A3: Practicing case study questions from our website offers several benefits: Enhanced understanding: Our case studies are designed to deepen your understanding of historical events and concepts. Exam preparation: Regular practice helps you become familiar with the format and types of questions you might encounter in exams. Critical thinking: Analyzing case studies improves your ability to think critically and make connections between different historical events and ideas. Confidence: Practicing with our materials can boost your confidence and improve your performance in exams.

Q4: What are the important keywords in this chapter “India – Size and Location”?

A4: Important keywords for CBSE Class 9 India – Size and Location are given below: Peninsula:  An area of land surrounded by water bodies on three sides. Subcontinent:  Landmass having distinct physical and cultural identity within the continent. Strategic Central Location:  Nuclear-like existence from where the entire periphery is controlled, manipulated and governed or linked. Strait:  A relatively narrow water way linking two large bodies of water. Island:  A land surrounded on all sides by water bodies. Indian Union:  Refers to the union country of India comprising 29 states and 7 union territories. Continent:  A large area of land that is surrounded or almost surrounded by oceans and that usually consists of several countries. Coastline:  It refers to the line forming the boundary between land and water. Gulf:  A large area of sea partly surrounded by land. Maritime:  Activities of trade and commerce relating to the sea.

Q5: What is a subcontinent? What two features that make India a subcontinent?

A5: A landmass with distinct physical and cultural diversity within a continent is called a subcontinent. Example: India is a subcontinent. Following qualities (features) make India a subcontinent: (i) India’s self-contained landmass forms a sub-division of the Asian continent. (ii) It is separated from the Asian continent by the Himalayas in the North, Karakoram mountains in the north-east and Arakan Hills in the east.

Q6: Which countries comprise the Indian subcontinent?

A6: The countries which comprise the Indian subcontinent are: (i) Pakistan (ii) Nepal (iii) Bhutan (iv) Myanmar (v) Bangladesh (vi) India

Q7: What is the difference between a continent and a subcontinent?

A7: A Subcontinent: A subcontinent is a part of a continent. It is an independent geographical unit and separated from the main continent. Example: India. Continent: A continent is a vast landmass. It stands as a separate physical unit. There are seven continents in the world. Example: Asia, Australia, North America, South America, Antarctica, Africa and Europe.

Q8: Where does India rank in terms of landmass in the world?

A8: India is ranked seventh in terms of landmass in the world.

Q9: Are there any online resources or tools available for practicing “ India – Size and Location” case study questions?

A10: We provide case study questions for CBSE Class 9 Social Science on our website. Students can visit the website and practice sufficient case study questions and prepare for their exams.

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Geography Source-Based Questions from Physical Features Of India – Class IX

Written By Avinash Sharan

Class 9 | geography 9, 0 comment(s), 4th september 2022, class ix – geography source-based questions from chapter 2.

Geography source-based questions are prepared for practice for class 9 students.  Geography Source-based questions (SBQ) in Social Science is a new introduction in the question paper by CBSE. What is unique about these Geography 7 source-based questions ? While the topic is from the textbook, the questions may not be directly from the paragraph. So, how can a student perform well if the questions are from outside the textbook? Well, a student needs to apply the following three strategies to attempt Geography source-based questions (SBQ). They are:

Firstly, Read the chapter line by line.

Secondly, Develop an understanding of the topic.

Thirdly, Practice a lot to master s ource-based questions .

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1. India is a vast country with varied landforms. What kind of terrain do you live in? If you live in the plains, you are familiar with the vast stretches of plain land. In contrast, if you live in a hilly region, the rugged terrain with mountains and valleys are common features. In fact, our country has practically all major physical features of the earth, i.e., mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands. Therefore, the land of India displays great physical variation. Moreover, the Peninsular Plateau constitutes one of the ancient landmasses on the earth’s surface. Whereas, the Himalayas and the Northern Plains are the most recent landforms.

The whole mountain system of the Himalayas represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys, and fast-flowing rivers. Therefore, the northern plains are made of alluvial deposits. However, the peninsular plateau is made of igneous and metamorphic rocks  (Courtesy – NCERT textbook)

Read the paragraph carefully and answer the following questions:

I) name the most stable and the most unstable zone of india.      1..

Ans. The Peninsular plateau is the most stable zone of India.

The Himalayan mountains is the most unstable zone of India.

II) How can you say that the Himalayas represents a very youthful topography?    1.

Ans. The Himalayas have high peaks, deep valleys, and fast-flowing rivers. Thus, it proves that the Himalayas represents a very youthful topography.

iii) Geologically, name the most ancient and the most recent landforms of India.    2.

Ans. The peninsular plateau is the most ancient landform in India.

Whereas the Himalayas and the Northern plains are the most recent landforms of India.

2. Today, the Himalayas mountain ranges run in a west-east direction. The Himalayas represent the loftiest mountain barriers in the world. Moreover, their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh. Therefore, the altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half. Basically, the Himalayas consists of three parallel ranges.

Firstly, the northernmost range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri. Secondly, the range lying to the south of the Himadri is known as Himachal. Moreover, the range is mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. Thirdly, the outermost range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks. However, this range is made of loose sediments. (Courtesy – NCERT textbook)

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I) Identify the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks?       1.

Ans) Himadri also known as the Greater Himalayas is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks.

II) Why is the Himachal range highly compressed?       1.

Ans) Firstly, the Himachal range lies between Himadri and Shiwaliks

Secondly, as this range lies between two prominent ranges, therefore it gets compressed.

iii) What are Himachal and Shivalik ranges known for? Why are Shivaliks prone to earthquakes?    2.

Ans) Himachal range is known for beautiful hill stations like Kullu, Manali, Mussoorie, etc. whereas the Shiwalik range is known for dense forests. Moreover, the Shivalik is also a source of herbal medicinal plants.

Shivaliks are prone to earthquakes because they are composed of unconsolidated sediments.

हिमालय-भारत का सबसे कमज़ोर पर्वत

3. Besides the latitudinal divisions, the Himalayas also have four divisions from west to east. However, these divisions are demarcated by river valleys. For example, the part of the Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj is traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya. But it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya respectively. The part of the Himalayas lying between the Satluj and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas. Further, the Kali and Teesta rivers demarcate the Nepal Himalayas. Finally, the part lying between Teesta and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.

The Brahmaputra marks the easternmost boundary of the Himalayas.  Further, the Himalayas bends sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary of India. They are known as the Purvachal. (Courtesy – NCERT textbook)

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I) On what basis do the Himalayas are divided from the west to the east?    1.

Ans. The divisions have been demarcated by river valleys.

II) Between which two rivers lie the Assam Himalayas?    1.

Ans. Assam Himalayas lie between the Teesta and Dihang rivers.

iii) What do you know about Purvanchal? Which hills together comprise Purvanchal?     2

Ans. The Himalayas bend sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary of India. They are known as the Purvachal. These hills running through the northeastern states are mostly composed of strong sandstones which are sedimentary rocks.

The Purvachal comprises of the Patkai hills, the Naga hills, the Manipur hills, and the Mizo hills

4. The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalayas over millions of years, formed this fertile plain The plain is a densely populated physiographic division. With a rich soil cover combined with an adequate water supply and favorable climate. The Northern Plain is broadly divided into three sections. The Indus and its tributaries — the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, and the Satluj originate in the Himalayas.

The Ganga plain extends between the Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It is spread over North India in Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, partly Jharkhand, and West Bengal. In the East, particularly in Assam lies the Brahmaputra plain. However, the northern plains are generally described as flat land with no variations in its relief. It is not true. (Courtesy – NCERT textbook)

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i. Name the three major river systems responsible for the formation of the Northern Plains of India.   1.

Ans. The three major river systems responsible for the formation of the Northern Plains of India are the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, along with their tributaries.

II) What do you mean by “Doab”?    1.

Ans. The land between two rivers is referred to as “Doab”.

iii) Why are the Northern plains densely populated? Give two reasons.     2.

Ans. The Northern Plains are densely populated because of

a) Firstly, rich soil cover.

b) Secondly, adequate water supply and favorable climate.

5. According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains have four regions. The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shivalik. It is known as bhabar. Further,South of this belt, the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy, and marshy region known as terai. However, the forests have been cut to create agricultural land and to settle migrants from Pakistan after the partition.

The largest part of the northern plain is made up of older alluvium. Moreover, It lies above the flood plains of the rivers and presents a terrace-like feature. This part is known as bhangar. But, the soil in this region contains calcareous deposits, locally known as kankar. The newer, younger deposits of the floodplains are the khadar. As they are renewed almost every year, so they are fertile. Thus, ideal for intensive agriculture. (Courtesy – NCERT textbook)

I) Define Bhabhar.    1.

Ans. The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shivalik. It is known as bhabar.

II) Name the four divisions of the Northern plains.    1. 

Ans. First, the four regions of the Northern plains are:

a) Bhabhar    b) Tarai    c)    Bhangar and   d) Khadar

III) Give two reasons as to why the forests are cut in the Northern Plains?    2.

Ans. Two reasons for the depletion of forest cover in the Northern Plains are:

a) Firstly, the forests are cut to create agricultural land, and

b) Secondly, to settle migrants from Pakistan after the partition.

6. The Peninsular plateau is a tableland made from old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus, making it a part of the oldest landmass. This plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.

To the south of the Vindhyan range is the Satpura range.  The Aravalis lie in the northwest. However, the further westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan. The rivers that drain in this region are the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, and the Ken. They flow from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. (Courtesy – NCERT textbook)

I. How was the Peninsular plateau formed?    1.

Ans. The peninsular plateau was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwanaland.

II. Name the two broad divisions of the peninsular plateau.   1.

Ans. The two broad divisions in which the peninsular plateau can be divided are:

a) Central highlands and

b) Deccan plateau.

III) Mention the names of the plateaus that form the Central Highlands? The Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, and the Ken are the tributaries of which river?   2.   

Ans. Vindhya Range, Satpura range, Aravali hills, and the Chota Nagpur plateau together form the Central Highlands.

The Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, and the Ken are the tributaries of the river Ganga. 

7. The Peninsular plateau has a stretch of narrow coastal strips, running along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. The western coast lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea and is a narrow plain. It has three sections. The plains along the Bay of Bengal are wide and level. Large rivers, such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaveri form an extensive delta on this coast. Lake Chilika is an important feature along the eastern coast.

You know that India has a vast mainland. Besides this, the country has two groups of islands. The Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar islands. (Courtesy – NCERT textbook)

I. Name the two sections (divisions) of the eastern coastal plains?    1.

Ans. The two divisions of the eastern coastal plains are 

a) Firstly, The Northern Circars and

b) Secondly, The Coromandal coast.

II. What is the capital of Lakshadweep? What are these islands known for?    1.

Ans. The capital of Lakshadweep is Kavaratti. These islands are known for corals.

III. Why is the western coastal plains narrower than the eastern coastal plains?    2.

Ans. Firstly, western coastal plains are narrow because none of the rivers flowing westward does the depositional work.

Whereas, east flowing rivers like Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna, and Kaveri do depositional work and form the delta.

Therefore, the western coastal plains are narrower than the eastern coastal plains.

Conclusion: Geography Source-Based Questions From Physical Features Of India

To be more precise, Geography source-based questions are not very easy to answer. So, You need to practice a lot to answer Geography source-based questions. Moreover, Physical Features Of India is a small chapter but it has many concepts of Geography. Therefore, many types of Geography source-based questions can be asked.

So, solve all the above Geography source-based questions before going to the examination hall. I Hope, these Geography source-based questions will increase your understanding. Finally, It will also help you to easily attempt Geography source-based questions. For source-based questions from India – size and Location , click on the link.

Class IX Geography Chapter-2 Physical Features Of India Lesson Plan

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Revision Notes for Chapter 2 Physical Features of India Class 9 Geography

• The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of three major river systems namely- the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with its tributaries. • It is formed of Alluvial soil. The vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya is deposited with alluvium (fine particles of silt and clay and larger particles of sand and gravel) over a million of years and formed this plain. • Area of Northern plain: 7 lakh sq. km. Length of Northern plain: 2400 km. Breadth of Northern plain: 240 to 320 km. • It is densely populated region. It is agriculturally very productive region of India due to rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favourable climate. • The rivers coming from northern mountains brought a huge amount of eroded soil which help in the depositional work. → In the lower course, due to gentle slope, the velocity of the river decreases which results in the formation of riverine islands (An Island formed by the river). • Also, in lower course rivers split into numerous channels due to the deposition of silt known as distributaries. • The Northern Plain is broadly divided into three parts: → The Punjab Plains - The Western part of the Northern Plain, formed by the Indus and its tributaries, the larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan → The Ganga Plains: It extends between Ghaggar and Tista rivers. spread over the states of north India, Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, party Jharkhand and West Bengal. → The Brahmaputra Plains: Lies in the east of Ganga plain, particularly in Assam. • Northern Plain is not flat land. The vast plains also have diverse relief features. • Northern plains can be divided into four regions (according to the variations in relief features) → Bhabar: laying at the foot of Shivalik, a narrow 8 to 16 km wide belt of pebbles. → Terai:  lying next to Bhabar, a wet and marshy area with wildlife and forests. → Bhangar: Older alluvium plain which rises above the level of the flood plains. → Khadar: Younger alluvium of the flood plains.

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Case Study Questions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 India – Size and Location

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Case Study Questions

Question 1:

Read the following source and answer the questions that follows:

India’s contacts with the World have continued through ages but her relationships through the land routes are much older than her maritime contacts. The various passes across the mountains in the north have provided passages to the ancient travellers, while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time. These routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times. The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchatantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the world. The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries. On the other hand, the influence of Greek sculpture, and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of our country.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

(i) India’s relationship through the routes and much older than her maritime contacts. (A) Railways (B) Land (C) Waterways (D) Airways

(ii) The various passes across the mountains in the have provided passages to the ancient travellers. (A) South (B) West (C) North (D) East

(iii) Name two Contributions in the field of Mathematics which Originated from India. (A) Number System (B) Indian Numerals (C) Decimal System (D) Both (b) and (c)

(iv) On the other hand, the influence of the sculpture and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of our Country. (A) Spanish (B) Greek (C) Italian (D) German

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Physical Features of India Class 9 Notes: CBSE Geography Chapter 2 (Contemporary India)

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• Social Science: Geography
• Chapter 2 Physical Features Of India

Physical Features of India Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Notes - FREE PDF Download

Vedantu’s Note for Class 9 Social Science Geography (Contemporary India) Chapter 2 Physical Features of India, explores India’s varied landforms, including mountains, plateaus, plains, and deserts. Understanding these features helps us see how they affect India’s climate and where people live. These Notes break down important concepts into simple parts and include helpful maps and diagrams.

These notes are perfect for understanding the chapter and preparing for your exams. Vedantu makes it easier for students to see the lessons and ideas in the Class 9 Geography Notes . Students can download the Chapter 2 Physical Features of India Class 9 Notes PDF, making it simple to study and review whenever you need with the updated CBSE Social Science Class 9 Syllabus .

Access Revision Notes for Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

India is a vast country with diverse landforms, including the lofty Himalayan range, the fertile northern plains, coastal plains in the east and west coasts of India, the Peninsular plateau in the south, and two groups of islands in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, respectively. Earth scientists have sought to explain the formation of physical features using several theories, one of which is the "Theory of Plate Tectonics."

Formation of the Landscape based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics

The ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’ explains that the upper part of the Earth which is known as the crust has been formed out of seven major, and some minor plates. The movements of the plates result in the building up of movements within the plates leading to folding, faulting, and volcanic activity. The movements of plates are into three types:

A convergent boundary is one in which the plates move towards one other.

A divergent boundary is one in which the plates move away from each other.

When two plates encounter, they may either collide or disintegrate, or one may slip under the other to form a transform boundary.

Over millions of years, the movements of these plates have altered the size and position of the continents, influencing the evolution of India's current landform features. The majority of volcanoes and earthquakes in the world occur along plate margins, however, some do occur within the plates.

The peninsular part of India is made up of one of the world's oldest landmasses, Gondwana land. It was formerly a unified landmass made up of India, Australia, South Africa, South America, and Antarctica, but it later drifted apart due to conventional currents.

Physical Features of India and Their Characteristics

India's physical characteristics are classified into the following physiographic divisions:

The Himalayan Mountains

The Himalayan Mountains stretch over India's northern boundaries. These mountain ranges run west-east from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.

The Himalayas are young mountains that are the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers in the world.

The Himalayas span approximately 2400 km and vary in width from 400 km to 150 km from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.

In terms of longitudinal extent, the Himalayas have three parallel ranges, namely:

Greater Himalayas or the Himadri: The northernmost range is known as the Himadri or Inner or Great Himalayas It is the most continuous range, consisting of the highest peaks with an average elevation of 6000 metres. The core of this Himalayan region is made of granite and is asymmetrical.

Lesser Himalayas or the Himachal: The rugged mountain region to the south of the Himadri is known as the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal. The altitude of this mountain range varies between 3700 and 4500 metres whereas the average width is 50 kilometres. It includes ranges like Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar, and Mahabharat, of which the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range. 

The Shiwaliks: The outermost range of the Himalayas is known as the Shiwaliks whose altitude varies between 900 and 1100 metres and extends over a width of 10-50 kilometres. The term "Duns" refers to the longitudinal valley that spans between the Lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks. Some of the well-known Duns are Dehradun, Kotli Dun, and Patli Dun.

The Himalayas have also been divided into regions from west to east:

The Himalayan region between the Indus and the Sutlej has traditionally been referred to as the Punjab Himalaya, but it is also known as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east.

The Kumaon Himalayas are the Himalayas between the Satluj and Kali rivers.

The Nepal Himalayas are defined by the Kali and Teesta rivers.

Assam Himalayas refers to the area between the Tista and Dihang rivers.

The Himalayas curve sharply to the south beyond the Dihang Gorge and spread along India's eastern border, known as the Purvanchal, or Eastern Hills and Mountains. Purvanchal comprises the Patkai, Naga, Manipur, and Mizo hills. 

The Northern Plains

The northern plain was determined by the interplay of India's three major river systems, namely the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra, as well as their tributaries.

The northern plain expands over an area of about 7 lakh sq. km. which is 2400 km long and 240-320 km broad.  

It comprises alluvial soil deposits which are formed at the basin lying at the foothills of the Himalayas. They are fertile and densely populated because of their favourable climate and agricultural productivity.  

It is broadly divided into three sections, namely:

The Punjab Plains are the westernmost section of the Northern Plain. The Indus and its tributaries, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj, comprise this plain.

The Ganga Plain is situated between the Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It is spread across North India, including Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal.

The Brahmaputra Plain lies to the east of the Ganga Plain in the state of Assam. 

The Northern Plains can be separated into four regions based on the variations in relief features.

The rivers deposit pebbles in a narrow belt 8 to 16 km wide that runs parallel to the Shiwaliks' slopes, after descending from the mountains. This is known as Babar.

Streams and rivers re-emerge, forming the terai, a damp, swampy, and marshy region.

The majority of the northern plain is made up of older alluvium. It is located above the floodplains of the rivers and has a terrace-like feature known as bhangar.

Kankar is the name given to the soil in the Bhangar region, which comprises calcareous deposits.

Khadar refers to the floodplains' newer, younger deposits.

The Peninsular Plateau

The Peninsular Plateau is a tableland, it is made up of ancient crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. It was formed as a result of the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land. The black soil area known as Deccan Trap is one of the Peninsular plateau's distinguishing features.

This plateau consists of two broad divisions-

The Central Highlands: This division lies to the north of the Narmada River and encompasses a large portion of the Malwa plateau. The central highlands are bounded on the northwest by the Aravalli range and on the south by the Vindhya range. The Central Highlands are wider in the west as compared to the east. The Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand are the plateau's eastward extensions. The Chhota Nagpur Plateau denotes the farther eastward extension drained by the Damodar River.

The Deccan Plateau: It is a triangular landmass to the south of the Narmada River. The Plateau is also evident in the northeast, where it is known as the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau, and North Cachar Hills. In the north, the Satpura range flanks its broad base, while the Mahadev, Kaimur Hills, and Maikal ranges comprise its eastern extensions.

The Deccan Plateau's western and eastern edges are marked by the Western and Eastern Ghats, respectively.

The Western Ghats are higher in elevation than the Eastern Ghats. The highest peak in the Western Ghats is Anaimudi, which stands at 2695 metres, and the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is Mahendragiri, which stands at 1501 metres.

The Indian Desert

Near the western margins of the Aravalli Hills, the Indian Desert is an undulating sandy plain covered with dunes.

Large areas of the Indian Desert near Pakistan are covered in crescent-shaped dunes known as barchans. 

This region receives about 150 mm of rain annually. 

The Luni River is the only large river in this region, owing to the arid climate and low vegetation cover.

The Coastal Plains

A coastal plain is a low-lying, flat area of land that is adjacent to the ocean. 

Two narrow strips of plain lands are found to the west and east of the peninsular plateau, which is known as the Western Coastal Plain and Eastern Coastal Plain, respectively.

The Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea form a barrier along the western coast. It is a narrow plain divided into three sections. 

The northern part of the west coast is called the Konkan, from Mumbai – Goa. The Kannad Plain is the central stretch, and the Malabar Coast is the southern stretch.

The Eastern Coastal Plains is a large area of landmass that stretches between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. The northern part is known as the Northern Circar, while the southern part is known as the Coromandel Coast.

On the east coast, large rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri have formed extensive deltas. Lake Chilika is a significant feature on the east coast.

The Islands

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep Islands are two groups of islands in India. These islands lie close to the equator and have an equatorial climate and a dense forest cover.

In the Arabian Sea, the Lakshadweep Islands group lies near Kerala. The Lakshadweep Islands were once known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindive. The administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep is located on Kavaratti Island. The flora and fauna of this island group are extremely diverse.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are an island group in the Bay of Bengal. These islands are a ridge of submarine mountains. The entire group of islands is divided into two broad categories i.e. the Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south.

India's regions complement one another, making the country's natural resources more abundant. Mountains serve as a source of both forests and water. The plains provide grain. Minerals are abundant in plateaus whereas coastal areas are important for fishing and port development.

The Important Physiographic Division of India

The physical features of the India map will showcase the various important divisions of India. In this section, you will learn about the physical features of India Class 9 that are categorised under the following physiographic divisions:

The Himalayan Mountains.

The Northern Plains.

The Peninsular Plateau.

The Indian Desert.

The Coastal Plains.

The Islands.

Things to Learn about the Himalayan Mountains

The Himalayan Mountains are stretched over the northern borders of India. From the Indus to the Brahmaputra, these mountain ranges run in the west-east direction. Also, in its longitudinal extent, it has three parallel ranges which have been discussed in Geography Class 9 Chapter 2 notes.

The three parallel ranges are the Great or Inner Himalayas which are also known as Himadri, Himachal or Lesser Himalaya, and Shiwaliks. Below are the detailed descriptions of these ranges that you might require for the Physical Features of India project.

Himadri is the northernmost range. It has the loftiest peaks and is regarded as the most continuous mountain range. It has an average height of 6,000 metres. The folds of Himadri are asymmetrical and the core of this section of Himalayas is composed of granite.

To the south of Himadri is the most rugged mountain system which is regarded as the lesser Himalaya or Himachal. It is also important to know that the Pir Panjal range is regarded as the most important and longest range. 

Lastly, the outermost Himalayan range is known as Shiwaliks which are composed of unconsolidated sediments. The longitudinal valley that lies between Himachal and Shiwaliks is known as Duns. The most popular Duns are Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun, and Patli Dun.

Practise Questions and Answers

1. What are the major physiographic divisions of India?

Ans: The major physiographic divisions of India are as follows:

The Great Himalayas

The Peninsular Plateau 

The Coastal Plains, namely the Western and Eastern Coastal plains

The Islands 

2. How were the Himalayas formed?

Ans: The Himalayas were formed by the collision of India and Eurasian tectonic plates. The northern margin of the Indian plate was pushed beneath the Eurasian plate, causing the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau to rise. The Himalayas were formed by the uplift of the Tethys, a geosyncline accumulation of sedimentary rocks.

3. Differentiate between Bhangar and Khadar.

Ans: The differences between  Bhangar and Khadar are:

4. Differentiate between converging and diverging tectonic plates.

Ans: The difference between converging and diverging tectonic plates are:

5 Important Topics of Social Science Geography Class 9 Chapter 2 you shouldn’t Miss!

Importance of Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India Revision Notes

Revision notes condense large amounts of information into key points, making it easier to review essential concepts quickly.

They highlight important topics and key details, helping you focus on what is most relevant and reducing the time spent on less critical material.

By summarising and organising information, revision notes help reinforce learning and improve memory retention of the material.

They provide a structured way to revisit and consolidate knowledge before exams, ensuring you can review all key points systematically.

Revision notes serve as a quick reference guide during study sessions, allowing you to find and review important information without having to go through textbooks or lengthy notes.

Tips for Learning the Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

Study maps and diagrams of India’s landforms, such as the Himalayas, Northern Plains, and the Peninsular Plateau. Visual aids help you understand and remember the geographic layout better.

Focus on the major physical features like the Himalayas, the Northern Plains, and the Thar Desert. Learn their characteristics, formation, and significance.

Connect each landform with its impact on climate, agriculture, and human settlement. For example, understand how the Himalayas influence the monsoon and how the Northern Plains support agriculture.

Create summaries for each physical feature covered in the chapter. Highlight important details such as location, size, and unique characteristics.

Regularly revisit your notes and summaries to reinforce your understanding. Practice answering questions related to the physical features to test your knowledge.

Chapter 2 Physical Features of India, provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse landforms that shape India’s landscape. By studying the Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, desert regions, and coastal plains, you gain insight into how these features influence the country’s climate, agriculture, and human activities. Understanding these physical features is important as they play a significant role in shaping the environmental and economic aspects of India. With the help of clear and organised notes, you can grasp these concepts effectively, making your exam preparation more manageable and your overall understanding of India’s geography better.

Related Study Materials for Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

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Important Study Materials for Class 9 Social Science

FAQs on Physical Features of India Class 9 Notes: CBSE Geography Chapter 2 (Contemporary India)

1. What topics are covered in the Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 notes? 

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 notes cover India’s major physical features, including the Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, desert regions, and coastal plains. They detail each feature's formation, characteristics, and impact on the country.

2. Where can I download the Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 notes in PDF format? 

You can download the Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 notes in PDF format from Vedantu’s website. 

3. How do the Class 9 Chapter 2 Geography notes help with exam preparation? 

The Class 9 Chapter 2 Geography notes provide a concise summary of India’s physical features, helping you understand key concepts and their significance. They are designed to make revision easier and more effective, aiding in better exam preparation.

4. What are the main physical features discussed in Class 9 Geography Chapter 2? 

The main physical features discussed include the Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Thar Desert, and India’s coastal plains. Each feature is explored in terms of its formation, location, and importance.

5. How can I use the Class 9 Geography Ch 2 Notes to study effectively? 

Use the notes to review the key physical features of India, focusing on their characteristics and impacts. Summarise each section, use visual aids like maps, and regularly revisit the notes to reinforce your understanding.

6. Are there any visual aids included in the Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 notes? 

Yes, the notes often include maps, diagrams, and charts to help visualise the physical features of India. These visual aids enhance comprehension and retention of geographical concepts.

7. What should I focus on while studying Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 notes? 

Focus on understanding the formation, location, and significance of each physical feature. Pay attention to how these features affect climate, agriculture, and human settlements in India.

8. Can I find simplified notes for Class 9th Geography Chapter 2 Notes? 

Simplified notes for Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 can be found on Vedantu. These notes break down complex concepts into easy-to-understand points.

9. How frequently should I review the Class 9 Chapter 2 Geography notes? 

Review the notes regularly, especially before exams. Frequent revision helps reinforce your knowledge and improves your ability to recall information during tests.

10. What is the significance of the Peninsular Plateau in Geography Class 9 Chapter 2 Notes PDF Download? 

The Peninsular Plateau is significant because it is one of India’s major landforms, affecting the country's geology, climate, and agriculture. The notes explain its features, formation, and role in the Indian subcontinent.

STUDY MATERIALS FOR CLASS 9

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Notes - Physical Features of India

India's diverse landscape includes mountains, plateaus, deserts, plains, and islands . The Peninsular Plateau is one of the Earth's oldest landforms, while the Himalayas and Northern Plains are more recent. The Himalayas are geologically active with high peaks and fast-flowing rivers, while the Northern Plains are shaped by alluvial deposits. The Peninsular Plateau features ancient rocks, gentle hills, and wide valleys.

Major Physiographic Divisions

India's major physiographic divisions include distinct landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, and coastal regions, each contributing to the country's diverse geography.

Let's discuss each of them individually:

1. The Himalayan Mountains

The Himalayas are  young fold mountains located in northern India. They stretch in a west-east direction from the Indus River to the Brahmaputra River. The range forms an arc covering about 2,400 km. The width varies, being 400 km in Kashmir and narrowing to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh.

Three Parallel Ranges

The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges:

• Great Himalayas (Inner Himalayas): Highest peaks, made of granite, and snow-covered year-round.
• Lesser Himalayas (Himachal): Composed of compressed and altered rocks.
• Shiwaliks: The outer-most range, formed by river-borne sediments.

Valleys and Duns:  Valleys are located between the Lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks, known as Duns , which are fertile regions.

Regional Division:  The Himalayas are divided into several regions based on river valleys: Punjab, Kashmir, Himachal, Kumaon, Nepal, and Assam Himalayas.

Eastern Extension (Purvachal Hills)

• The Brahmaputra River marks the eastern boundary.
• Beyond the Dthang gorge, the range bends south, forming the Purvachal hills, including Patkai, Naga, Mizo, and Manipur hills.
• These hills are made of strong sandstone and are densely forested.

Great Himalayas

Himachal Himalayas

Shiwalik Range

Eastern Himalayas

2. The Nothern Plain

The  northern plain is formed by the interplay of the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers. The plain is formed by the deposition of alluvium over millions of years. It is a fertile and densely populated part of India. The rivers in the lower course form riverine islands and distributaries.

Divisions of Northern Plains: (i) Punjab Plains: The western part of the Northern Plain, is formed by the Indus and her tributaries, the larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan. The Indus and its tributaries – the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, and the Satluj originate in the Himalayas. This section of the plain is dominated by the doabs. (ii) Ganga Plain: Extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. it is spread over the states of north India, Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, party Jharkhand, and West Bengal. (iii) Brahmaputra Plain: Lies in the east of Ganga plain, particularly in Assam.

• Varied Topography:  The Northern Plains are not completely flat and have diverse landforms with variations in river features
• Divisions Based on River Features:  The plains can be divided into four distinct regions based on river deposit patterns and landforms.
• Bhabar Belt:  The Bhabar is a narrow belt where rivers deposit pebbles. This region lies at the foothills of the Himalayas.
• Terai Region:  South of the Bhabar is the Terai , a wet and marshy region. The area used to be densely forested but has been largely cleared for agriculture. Dudhwa National Park is situated in this region.
• Bhangar: Older Alluvium:  The largest part of the Northern Plains consists of Bhangar , which is made up of older alluvium. This region contains calcareous deposits known as Kankar .
• Khadar Fertile Floodplains:  The Khadar are the fertile floodplains of rivers, renewed annually by river deposits, making them highly suitable for agriculture.

Bhangar : This region consists of older alluvium, which is more elevated and contains calcareous deposits known as kankar. The deposits are typically found in the Bhangar region and contribute to its distinct soil characteristics.

Bhabar : This is a region found in the northern part of the plains, characterized by a gravelly and coarse texture, not associated with kankar deposits.

Terai : This is a region characterized by recent alluvium and marshy land, located to the south of the Bhabar region.

Khaddar : This region consists of newer alluvium and is more fertile, with no significant presence of kankar deposits.

3. The Peninsular Plateau

The Peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of old crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land. The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. It consists of two divisions: the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.

The Central Highlands

• Location and Boundaries: The Central Highlands lie to the north of the Narmada River and include the Malwa Plateau. The region is bounded by the Vindhyan Range to the north, the Satpura Range to the south, and the Aravalli Range to the northwest.
• Slope and River Flow:  The slope of the Central Highlands is from southwest to northeast, as indicated by the flow of rivers. The highlands are wider in the west and narrow down towards the east.
• Extensions of the Central Highlands:  The Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand are the eastern extensions of this region. The Chotanagpur Plateau, further east, is drained by the Damodar River.

The Deccan Plateau

• Location and Boundaries:  The Deccan Plateau lies to the south of the Narmada River, flanked by the Satpura Range in the north. The plateau slopes gently eastward and is higher in the west.
• Northeastern Extensions:  The Meghalaya , Karbi-Anglong Plateau , and North Cachar Hills form the northeastern extensions of the Deccan Plateau. The Garo , Khasi , and Jaintia Hills are prominent hill ranges in this region.

The Himalayan Mountains

The Northern Plain

The Peninsular Plateau

The Eastern Ghats

4. The Indian Desert

The Indian desert  is located towards the western margins of the Aravall Hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. The region receives very low rainfall, below 150 mm per year.

• The desert has an arid climate with low vegetation cover.
• Streams appear during the rainy season but disappear into the sand as they don't reach the sea.
• The Luni river is the only large river in this region.
• Barchans (crescent-shaped dunes) cover larger areas, while longitudinal dunes are more prominent near the Indo-Pakistan boundary.
• Visitors to Jalsalmer can see a group of barchans.

5. The Coastal Plains

The Peninsular plateau is flanked by narrow coastal strips on the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The western coast consists of three sections: Konkan, Kannad Plain, and Malabar coast.

• The plains along the Bay of Bengal are wide and level.
• The northern part is called the Northern Circar and the southern part is known as the Coromandel Coast.
• Large rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri have formed extensive deltas on this coast.
• Lake Chilika is an important feature along the eastern coast.

6. The Islands

India has a vast mainland and two groups of islands. The Lakshadweep Islands group is located close to the Malabar coast of Kerala and is composed of small coral islands. The  Andaman and Nicobar Islands  are larger and more scattered, located in the Bay of Bengal.

• The Andaman Islands are in the north and the Nicobar Islands are in the south
• Both island groups have diverse flora and fauna and are of strategic importance
• Each physiographic unit in India has unique features that complement each other and contribute to the country's natural resources
• Mountains provide water and forest wealth, northern plains are granaries, plateaus have minerals, coastal regions and island groups are important for fishing and port activities
• The diverse physical features of India have great potential for development.

Difficult Words

Fold Mountains : These are mountains that are formed primarily through the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust. The Himalayas are an example of young fold mountains formed from the collision of tectonic plates.

Alluvial Deposits : Sediments deposited by rivers or floodwaters. In the context of the Northern Plains of India, these deposits create fertile land ideal for agriculture.

Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks : Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten magma. Metamorphic rocks have been transformed by heat, pressure, or other natural processes from another type of rock.

Tableland : A plateau or a flat-topped area that is elevated significantly above the surrounding area.

Gondwana Land : A supercontinent that existed from the Late Paleozoic into the Mesozoic era. It later broke up to form continents including Africa, South America, Australia, and India.

Bhabar and Terai : Bhabar refers to a narrow belt of land at the foothills of the Himalayas along the Ganges River, characterized by pebbles and porous soil. Terai is the marshy land just south of the Bhabar belt, known for its rich biodiversity and fertile soil.

Deccan Trap : A large igneous province located on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India and one of the largest volcanic features on Earth. It consists of multiple layers of solidified flood basalt that are more than 2,000 meters thick over an area of 500,000 square kilometers.

Aravalli Range : One of the oldest mountain ranges in India, running northeast to southwest across Rajasthan in western India.

Duns : Valleys lying between the Lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks, filled with alluvial deposits.

Kankar : Calcareous or calcite nodules found in the alluvial or sedimentary soils in the dryer parts of India.

Deccan Plateau : A large plateau in India, making up most of the southern part of the country. It is made up of ancient crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.

Coromandel Coast : The southeastern coast of India along the Bay of Bengal, from Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari) in the south to False Divi Point in the north in Andhra Pradesh.

Coral Islands : Islands formed from coral detritus and associated organic material. They typically occur in tropical and subtropical areas, such as the Lakshadweep Islands off the southwest coast of India.

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Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Important Questions Physical Features of India

Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India important questions and answers cover the major concepts of the chapter. Solving answers of these important questions help students to revise the Chapter most competently. We prepared these questions with PDF as per the latest NCERT book and CBSE syllabus. Practising these questions before the exam will ensure excellent marks in the exam.

Physical Features of India Class 9 Important Questions and Answers

1. Describe the Theory of Plate Tectonics.

Answer: A plausible theory presented by earth scientists to explain the formation of continents and ocean basins and the various land forms is the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’. According to the theory, the crust of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor tectonic plates.

According to the earth scientists, millions of years ago, the world comprised of a supercontinent ‘Pangaea’ surrounded by the primeval ocean ‘Panthalasa’. The present continents and intervening oceans were formed due to splitting of the crust into plates due to convection currents and drifting of these plates.

2. Where would one find most of the volcanoes and earthquake zones in the world and why?

Answer:  Most volcanoes and earthquake zones in the world are located at plate margins. According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’ presented by earth scientists, the crust of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates. 

The movement of these plates due to convection currents results in the building up of stresses within the plates and continental rocks above. This leads to folding, faulting and volcanic activity along the zones of maximum stress, i.e., mostly along the margins of the plates. Earthquake and volcanic activity are maximum here. The circum-Pacific region – popularly termed as the Pacific Ring of Fire on account of its volcanoes and frequent earthquakes – lies along the margin of tectonic plates.

Ques 3. Name the different major physiographic divisions of India. Write a note on any one of the physiographic divisions of India.

Answer:  The major physiographic divisions of India are as follows : (i) The Himalayan Mountains (ii) The Northern Plains (iii) The Peninsular Plateau (iv) The Indian Desert (v) The Coastal Plains (vi) The Islands

The Coastal Plains: The Peninsular Plateau of India is flanked by a stretch of narrow coastal plains to its west and east. The Western Coastal Plain is a narrow strip of plain stretching along the Arabian Sea lying to its west and flanked by the Western Ghats to its east. The northern part of the West Coast is called the Konkan (Mumbai to Goa), the central stretch is called the Kannad while the southern part is called the Malabar Coast.The Eastern Coastal Plain is comparatively wide and level stretch running along the Bay of Bengal lying to its east with the Eastern Ghats rising to its west. It is known as Northern Circar in the north, while its southern part is referred to as the Coromandal Coast.

4. How was the Great Northern Plains of India formed? Give a brief description.

Answer:  The formation of the Himalayas due to upliftment of sediments out of the Tethys Sea and subsidence of the northern flank of the Peninsular Plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. Over millions of years this depression gradually got filled up with alluvium deposited by the three major river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra flowing from the Himalayas in the north. Sediments were also deposited by the tributaries of these rivers rising from the mountains in the north as well as the Peninsular Plateau to its south. As a result, the fertile Indo-Gangetic or Northern Plains, and the Brahmaputra Plain in the northeast, were formed. As the Himalayas gained in height, the rivers, glaciers and other agents of denudation became increasingly active in erosion. As a result, large amount of silt got deposited in the shrinking Tethys.

5. Where are the Western and the Eastern Ghats situated? Write a small note on each.

Answer:  The Western and the Eastern Ghats are situated in the Peninsular Plateau region. The Western Ghats mark the western edge of the Deccan Plateau and lie parallel to the Western Coast.

The Eastern Ghats mark the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau. They stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nilgiri Hills in the south. The eastern coastal plain runs to its east. The Western Ghats are continuous and regular and can be crossed only through passes like the Thal, Bhor and the Pal Ghats. 

They are comparatively high in elevation (average 900 to 1600 metres). No major river cuts across the Western Ghats.The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular. They are of relatively lower elevation (average 600 m). They are dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.

6. What is the Great Himalaya? Write two characteristics of it.

Answer:  The northernmost range of the Himalayas is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri. (i) It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks. (ii) Its folds are asymmetrical in nature and its core is composed of granite rock. It is perennially snow bound and contains many glaciers.

7. Define tectonic or lithospheric plates.

Answer:  Earth scientists have put forward the view that the Earth’s crust or the lithosphere is not a continuous block.

It consists of several large and small, rigid, irregularly shaped plates (slabs) which include continents and the ocean floor. These slabs are moving or drifting in relation to each other by about 2.5 cm to 5 cm each year. 

These crustal slabs are called tectonic or lithospheric plates. According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’ put forward by the Earth scientists, the earth’s crust has been formed out of seven major and some minor tectonic plates or lithospheric plates.

8. Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhya range? Write a brief note on this plateau.

Answer:  The Malwa Plateau lies between the Aravali hills and the Vindhya range. The Aravali hills lie to the west of the plateau and the Vindhya range lies to its south. The part of the peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river, covering a major area of the Malwa plateau, is known as the Central Highlands. 

The Malwa plateau lies in Madhya Pradesh. It is composed of extensive lava flows. There are rolling plains separated by flat-topped hills. The plateau is largely broken in form of ravines near the Chambal Valley in its east.

9. What do you understand by ‘duns’? Where are they situated in our country? Give any two examples of duns.

Answer: The longitudinal valleys lying between Lesser Himalaya and the Shivaliks are known as duns. Dehradun and Kotli Dun are two examples of duns.

10. What are corals? Name and describe the island group which is of coral origin.

Answer:  Corals are short-lived microscopic organisms, which lives in colonies. They flourish in shallow, mud-free and warm waters.

They secrete calcium carbonate. The coral secretion and their skeletons form coral deposits. Lakshadweep islands group lying close to the Malaber Coast of Kerala is composed of small coral islands.

11. Describe ‘Bhabar’ and ‘Terai’.

Answer: Bhabar is pebble studded formation situated at the base of mountains and plains in the Himalayan region. Terai is a sloping land at the foothills of the Nepal Himalayas. The Terai receives heavy rainfall and is densely forested.

12. Name any three divisions of Himalayas on the basis of regions from West to East and also write one main feature of each.

Answer:  The Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east. These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. (i) The part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Sutlej has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalayas. It is also regionally known as Kashmir Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively. (ii) The part of Himalayas lying between Sutlej and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas. (iii) The Kali and Tista rivers demarcate the Nepal Himalayas and the part lying between Tista and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.

13. Why are the Himalayas called young fold mountains?

Answer:  The Himalayan mountain is geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the northern parts of India. It was uplifted from the ‘Tethys Sea’ during the Tertiary period. The whole mountain represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast flowing rivers. That is why it is called an young-fold mountain.

14. The relief of India displays a great physical variation. Explain.

Answer: India is a vast country with varied land forms. It has high mountains, plains, plateaus, islands, deserts etc. This varied large landmass formed during different geological periods which has influenced her relief. 

Besides geological formations, a number of processes such as weathering, erosion and deposition have created and modified the relief to its present form. It is, therefore, India displays a great physical variation.

15: Describe the important features of the Peninsular Plateau.

Answer:  The Peninsular Plateau of India lies to the south of the Northern Plains and extends up to the tip of the Indian peninsula. The Peninsular Plateau is a tableland with gently rising rounded hills and broad, shallow valleys.

It is roughly triangular in shape. It is the oldest and the most stable landmass of India. The plateau is formed of old crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks. 

The Peninsular Plateau consists of two broad divisions – the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river is known as Central Highlands. 

It comprises of Malwa Plateau, Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand plateaus, the Vindhya Range and extends as Chhota Nagpur Plateau. The Aravalis are highly denuded old hills that lie on the western and northwestern margins of the Peninsular Plateau. The part of the Peninsular Plateau lying to the south of river Narmada is known as Deccan Plateau. 

It is a triangular landmass with broad base in the north and tapers southward. It is formed due to lava flows, so a greater part of it is composed of basaltic rocks of volcanic origin. 

It is flanked by the Satpura range in the north. The Mahadev, the Kaimur hills and Maikal range from its eastern extensions. The Deccan Plateau is flanked by the Western Ghats in the west and Eastern Ghats in the east. 

The Western Ghats have comparatively higher elevation of average 900 to 1600 metres. The Eastern Ghats have an average elevation of 600 metres. So the plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards. The black soil area of the Deccan Plateau is known as Deccan Trap.

16: Write a note on the different parts of the Great Himalayan range.

Answer:  The Himalayas are the one of the loftiest and most rugged mountain systems of the world. The mountain ranges of the Himalayas run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra, stretching along the entire northern boundary of India. Geologically they are young and structurally fold mountain system.

The Himalayas consists of three sections comprising parallel ranges running from west to east. The nothern-most section is known as the Greater or Inner Himalayas. On account of its permanent snow cover and glaciers the section is also termed as Himadri. 

It is the most continuous section. The average height of these ranges is 6000 metres. All the prominent and loftiest peaks of the Himalayas are located here. Some of prominent peaks are the Everest (8848 m) in Nepal, Kanchenjunga (8598 m in Sikkim), Nanga Parbat (in Kashmir), Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand) and Namcha Barwa (in Tibet, near Arunachal Pradesh) and Dhaulagiri and Annapurna in Nepal.

To the south of Himadri lie the rugged ranges of the Lesser Himalayas or the Himachal. Their average width is 50 km. The average height ranges between 3700 and 4500 metres. The Pir Panjal range, the Dhaula Dhar and Mahabharat ranges are important ranges. 

The famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and the Kullu Valleys in Himachal are located in this range. The outermost range of the Himalayas is called the Outer Himalayas or the Shivaliks. They extend over a width of 10-50 km. They are discontinuous ranges. Their average height is between 900 and 1100 metres. 

They are composed of unconsolidated sediments, gravel and alluvium brought down by the rivers that rise in the northern ranges. Hence, they are the youngest section of the Himalayas.Longitudinal valleys known as duns lie between the Lesser Himalayas and Shivaliks, e.g., Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun, Patli Dun.

17: Describe the formation of India from Gondwanaland.

Answer:  According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’ presented by earth scientists, the earth’s crust is composed of tectonic plates. The movement of these plates have influenced the evolution of present landforms of India.

The southern part of the ancient super-continent Pangaea is known as Gondwanaland. It included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single landmass. Geologically, the Peninsular Plateau, which is one of the oldest landmasses of the earth’s surface, was part of the Gondwanaland.

Tectonic forces split the crust into a number of plates. A part of the Gondwanaland, the Indo- Australian plate, drifted northwards. This resulted in the collision of this plate with the much larger Eurasian plate. 

The intervening portion between Angaraland in the north and Gondwanaland in the south was occupied by Tethys Sea. Due to this collision, the sediments that had accumulated in the Tethys geosyncline was uplifted and folded. This resulted in the formation of the lofty Himalayas. The Himalayan upliftment out of the sediments of the Tethtys Sea and subsidence of the northern flank of the Peninsular Plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. 

Over millions of years the depression gradually got filled with deposition of sediments by the rivers flowing from the mountains in the north and the Peninsular Plateau in the south. 

The interplay of three major river systems – the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and their tributaries formed a fertile, flat land of extensive alluvial deposits known as the Northern Plains.

18: Which part of the Himalayas is known as Purvanchal? Write a short note on the Purvanchal Himalayas.

Answer:  The eastern hills and mountains of the Himalayas running along the eastern boundary of India is known as Purvanchal.

They are located in the northeastern states of India. The river Brahmaputra marks the easternmost boundary of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dibang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply to the south and spread along India’s eastern border. 

They are known as Purvanchal. They run mostly as parallel ranges with valleys in between. They are mostly composed of strong sandstone, a sedimentary rock. The Purvanchal are less spectacular than the Himalayas and are of medium height. The hills and ranges are covered with dense forests.

Some important hills of the Purvanchal are : (i) the Patkai Bum and Naga hills (ii) the Mizo hills and Manipur hills (iii) the Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills along Meghalaya-Bangladesh border. (iv) the Dafla hills in the north.

19: Distinguish between the Northern Plains and the Peninsular Plateau. (Important) Answer: 

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NCERT Solution for Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

Intext - questions, find out - 1.

Question.1. Find out the names of the glaciers and passes that lie in the Great Himalayas. Ans. (a) The names of the glaciers that lie in Great Himalayas are

• Siachen Glacier – Jammu and Kashmir
• Godwin Glacier – Jammu and Kashmir
• Gangotri Glacier – Uttarakhand
• Yamunotri Glacier – Uttarakhand

(b) Passes that lie in the Great Himalayas

• Himachal Pradesh –  Rohtang Pass, Karakoram Pass, Rupin Pass
• Sikkim – Nathu La, Jelep La
• Uttarakhand – Mohan Pass

Question.2. Find out the name of the states where highest peaks are located. Ans. States where highest peaks are located are

• Jammu and Kashmir (Nanga Parbat)
• Sikkim (Kanchenjunga)
• Uttarakhand (Nanda Devi, Kamet)

Find Out - 2

Question.1. Find out the location of Mussoorie, Nainital, Ranikhet from your atlas and also name the state where they are located. Ans. All the three towns are in the state of Uttarakhand in the range called lesser Himalaya or Himachal.

Question.1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides in referred to as

(a) coast (b) island (c) peninsula (d) None of these

(c) peninsula

(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called as

(a) Himachal (b) Uttarakhand (c) Purvanchal (d) None of these

(c) Purvanchal

(iii) The Western coastal strip, South of Goa is referred to as

(a) Coromandal (b) Konkan (c) Kannad (d) Northern Circar

(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is

(a) Anai Mudi (b) Kanchenjunga (c) Mahendragiri (d) Khasi

(c) Mahendragiri

Question 2. Answer the following questions briefly

(i) What are tectonic plates? Ans. The convectional currents below the Earth’s crust split the crust into a number of pieces. These pieces are called tecton plates. e.g., Eurasia plate, Indo Australian plate etc.

(ii) Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land? Ans. The Gondwana land included India, Australia, South Alho and South America as one single land mass.

(iii) What is the Bhabar? Ans. Bhabar is a narrow belt of land about 8 to 16 km wide and covered with pebbles deposited by the rivers and lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks.

(iv) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south. Ans. The 3 major divisions of the Himalayas from North to South are as follows:

• The Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri: It is a continuos range consisting of the highest peaks.
• Himachal or Lesser Himalayas: The range lying to the South of the Himadri is known as Himachal or Lesser Himalayas.
• Shiwaliks: The outermost range of the Himalayas is known as the Shiwaliks. These are the foothill ranges and represent the southernmost division of the Himalayas.

(v) Which plateaus lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges? Ans. Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges.

(vi) Name of the Island group of India having coral Vindhyan Ans. Lakshadweep Islands are composed of small coral islands.

Question.3. Distinguish between

(i) Converging and diverging tetonic plates.

Ans. Difference between Converging plates and Diverging plates. Converging Tetonic Plates: The plates that come towards each other and form a convergent boundary. Diverging Tetonic Plates: The plates that move away from each other and form divergent boundary.

(ii) Bhangar and Khadar. Ans.

(iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. Ans.

Question 4. Describe how the Himalayas were formed. Ans.

• The oldest landmass of India (peninsular part) was a part of Gondwana land.
• Gondwana land included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single landmass.
• Convectional currents split the crust into a number of pieces, thereby leading to the drifting of the Indo Australian plate after being separated from the Gondwana land towards the North.
• The Northward drift resulted in the collision of the plate with the much larger Eurasian plate.
• Due to this collision the sedimentary rocks which were accumulated in the geosyncline known as the Tethys, were folded to form the mountain systems of Western Asia and Himalaya.
• The Himalayas represent a youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast following rivers.

Question.5. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau? Ans. The major physiographic divisions of India are: (i) The Himalayan mountains (ii) The Northern plains (iii) The Peninsular plateau (iv) The Indian desert (v) The Coastal plains (vi) The islands

Contrast between the Himalayan region and the Peninsular plateau

Question.6. Give an account of the Northern plains of India. Ans.

• The Himalayan uplift out of the Tethys sea and subsidence of the Northern flank of the peninsular plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. In course of time, this depression gradually got filled with deposition of sediments from rivers flowing from the mountains in the north and led to formation of the fertile Northern plains.
• It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq km. The plain is about 2400 km long and 240-230 km broad.
• It is a densely populated and an intensively cultivated area.
• With its adequate water supply and favourable climate, it is agriculturally a very productive part of India.
• The Northern plains are broadly divided into 3 sections.
• The Western part of the Northern plains is called the Punjab plains, formed by the Indus and its tributaries.
• The Ganga plain extends between the Ghaggar and the Teesta rivers, spread over the states of Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar and West Bengal.
• The Brahmaputra Plain to the East of the Ganga plains lies the Brahmaputra plain covering the areas of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.

Question.7. Write short notes on the following (i) The Indian Desert Ans.

• The Indian desert lies towards the Western margin of the Aravali hills.
• It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes.
• This region receives very low rainfall, below 150 mm per year.
• It has arid climate with low vegetation cover.
• Streams appear during the rainy season. Soon they disappear into the sand as they do not have enough water to reach the sea.
• Luni is the only large river in this region.
• Barchan ( Crescent shaped duners ) cover the larger areas but longitudinal dunes become more prominent near the Indo-Pakistan border.
• The Indian desert is popularly known as the Thar desert .

(ii) The Central Highlands Ans.

• The Peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely the central highlands and the Deccan plateau.
• The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands .
• They are bound by the Vindhya Range from the south and by the Aravali hills from the north-west.
• The further westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan.
• The flow of the rivers draining this region, namely the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwe and Ken is from south-west to north-east.
• The central highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east.
• The eastward extensions of their plateau are locally known as ‘Bundelkhand’ and ‘Baghelkhand’ .
• The Chhotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension drained by the Damodar river.

(iii) The Island Groups of India Ans. India has two groups of islands namely the Lakshadweep group and the Andaman and Nicobar group .

(a) The Lakshadweep Islands Group lie close to the Malabar coast of Kerala.

• These islands are composed of small coral islands.
• Earlier, they were known as Laccadive , Minicoy and Amindive . In 1973 , these were renamed as the Lakshadweep .
• They cover a small area of 32 sq km.
• Kavaratti Island is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep.
• This island group has a great diversity of flora and fauna.
• The Pitti Island , which is uninhabited, has a bird sanctuary .

(b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

• The elongated chain of islands located in the Bay of Bengal extending from north to south are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• They are bigger in size and more numerous and scattered than the Lakshadweep Islands.
• The entire group of islands is divided into two broad categories, the Andaman in the north and Nicobar in the south.
• It is believed that these islands are an elevated portion of the submarine mountains.
• These islands are of great – strategic importance for the country. They have great diversity of flora and fauna.
• These islands lie close to the equator experience equatorial climate and have thick forest cover.

Project/Activity

Vertical : Chotanagpur: plateau in eastern India, in northwestern Chhattisgarh and central Jharkhand. Aravali : Rajasthan Konkan : Maharashtra Jaintia : Meghalaya Malwa : Madhya Pradesh Nilgiri : Tamil Nadu Shipkila : Himachal Pradesh Vindhya : Madhya Pradesh Bomdila : Arunachal Pradesh Sahyadri : Maharashtra and Karnataka Satpura : Madhya Pradesh

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Notes of Ch 2 Physical Features of India| Class 9th Geography

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Physical Features of India Class 9 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 2

October 11, 2019 by Sastry CBSE

Physical Features of India Class 9 Extra Questions Social Science Geography Chapter 2

Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

Physical Features of India Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. The Northern Plains has been formed by the interplay of three major river systems, namely ________ . Answer: The Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputr

Question 2. The formation of the Northern Plains of India is a result of extensive Answer: Alluvial deposits

Question 3. The most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres is known as the ________ . Answer: Himadri

Question 4. Name the western and the eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau. Answer: The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.

Question 5. The part lying between Teesta and Dihang rivers is the ________ . Answer: Assam Himalayas

Question 6. Name the mountain ranges located in the eastern part of India. Answer: Purvachal or the eastern hill and mountain.

Question 7. The valleys lying between Lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks are known as the ________ . Answer: Duns

Question 8. The hills of Purvachal or the Eastern hills are composed of ________ . Answer: Sedimentary rocks

Question 9. Due to the deposition of silt, the rivers in their lower course split into numerous channels, known as ________ . Answer: Distributaries

Question 10. According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics,’ what are the effects of the movement of the plates? Answer: Change in position and size of continents, and formation of ocean basins.

Question 11. What are barchans? Answer: Barchans are crescent-shaped dunes found in the Indian desert.

Question 12. Which is the highest peak in India? Answer: Kanchenjunga

Question 13. The largest delta in the world is ________ . Answer: Sunderban Delta

Question 14. Which two hills are in the southeast of the Eastern Ghats? Answer: Javadi Hills and Shevroy Hills

Question 15. What do we mean by the term ‘Bhangar’? Answer: Bhangar is the older alluvial soil region lying above the floodplains and presenting a terrace like feature.

Question 16. What is the name of the part of the Himalayas lying between the Kali and the Teesta rivers? Answer: The part of the Himalayas lying between the Kali and the Teesta rivers is called Nepal Himalayas.

Question 17. The state of Meghalaya forms a part of which physiographic division of India? Answer: Meghalaya is a part of the eastern extension of the Peninsular Plateau.

Question 18. What do you understand by the term “peninsula”? Answer: Peninsula is a landmass that is bounded by sea on three sides.

Question 19. Name the Indian state where Kanchenjunga is located. Answer: Kanchenjunga is located in Sikkim.

Question 20. What do you understand by ‘duns’? Answer: The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks are known as duns.

Question 21. What is the Peninsular Plateau composed of? Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Question 22. Which is the largest inhabited riverine island in the world? Answer: Majuli, in the Brahmaputra river, is the largest inhabited riverine island in the world.

Question 23. What do you mean by the word ‘Doab? Answer: ‘Doab’ is made up of two words— ‘do’ meaning ‘two’ and ‘ab’ meaning ‘water’.

Question 24. What is the shape of the Deccan Plateau? Answer: The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada.

Question 25. The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called ________ . Answer: Khadar

Question 26. The flow of rivers, the Chambal, the Sindh, the Betwa and the Ken, is from ________ . Answer: outhwest to northeast

Question 27. Which river drains the Chotanagpur Plateau? Answer: The Damodar river drains the Chotanagpur Plateau.

Question 28. The Indian Desert lies towards the western margin of ________ . Answer: Aravali hills

Question 29. The Lakshadweep islands covers a small area of ________ . Answer: 32 sq. km.

Question 30. How long and wide are the Himalayas? Answer: The Himalayan region extends along the north of India. The Himalayas are the longest and the highest mountain range in the world. The Himalayas are 2400 km long, 400 to 150 km wide from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh respectively.

Question 31. Which range of the Himalayas has hill stations? Answer: The lower ranges or the Lesser Himalayas have beautiful hill stations such as Srinagar, Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling. Many people visit these hill stations in summer, because these places are cooler than the plains.

Question 32. Name the three types of plate boundaries. Which one of them lies in the Himalayan belt? Answer:

• The three types of plate boundaries are Convergent, Divergent and Trans form.
• The Himalayas have been formed by the convergent boundary.

Physical Features of India Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. How the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east? Answer:

• Punjab Himalayas: These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. The part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya, but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively.
• Kumaon Himalayas: The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas.
• Nepal Himalayas: The Kali and Teesta rivers demarcate the Nepal Himalayas.
• Assam Himalayas: the part lying between Teesta and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.

Question 2. Which are the three main ranges of the Himalayas? Answer: The Himalayas have three ranges which run almost parallel to each other. The distance between these ranges is wider in the west and becomes narrow in the east. These ranges are—

• the Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range
• the Middle Himalayas or the Himachal Range and
• the Inner or Great Himalayas or the Himadri.

Question 3. Describe the “Theory of Plate Tectonics”. Answer: Earth scientists have attempted to explain the formation of physical features with the help of some theories based on certain evidences. One such Plausible theory is the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’. According to this theory, the crust (upper part) of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates. The movement of the plates results in the building up of stresses within the plates and the continental rocks above, leading to folding, faulting and volcanic activity

Question 4. Why is the soil in the Northern Plain fertile? Answer: The soil of this plain has been formed by the sediments brought down by the rivers from the Himalayas. Such plain is called an alluvial plain and it is very fertile. This plain is one of the largest and most fertile plains of world. It is the most thickly populated plain. This is also the major crop growing area in India. This plain is drained by river Ganga, Brahmaputra and their tributaries. The slope of this plain in the west is south-west and in the east is south-east.

An area through which a river and its tributaries flow is called its basin.

Question 5. Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhya range? Write a brief note on this plateau. Answer: The Malwa Plateau lies between the Aravali hills and the Vindhya range. The Aravali hills lie to the west of the plateau and the Vindhya range lies to its south. The part of the peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river, covering a major area of the Malwa plateau, is known as the Central Highlands.

The Malwa plateau lies in Madhya Pradesh. It is composed of extensive lava flows. There are rolling plains separated by flat-topped hills. The plateau is largely broken in form of ravines near the Chambal Valley in its east.

Question 6. What do you mean Great Himalayas? Write its two characteristics. Answer: The northern most range of the Himalayas is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri. (a) It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6000 metres. It contains all prominent Himalayan peaks. (b) Its folds are asymmetrical in nature and its core is composed of granite rock. It is perennially snow bound, and several glaciers descend from this range.

Question 7. How was the Great Northern Plains of India formed? Answer: The formation of the Himalayas due to upliftment of sediments out of the Tethys Sea and subsidence of the northern flank of the Peninsular Plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. In due course of time this depression, gradually got filled with deposition of sediments by the rivers flowing from the mountains in the north and the peninsular plateau in the south. A flat land of extensive alluvial deposits led to the formation of the northern plains of India.

Question 8. Write a short note on ‘coral polyps’. Answer: Coral polyps are short-lived microscopic organisms, which live in colonies. They flourish in shallow, mud-free and warm waters. They secrete hard rock like substance. The coral secretion and their skeletons from coral deposits in the form of reefs. They are mainly of three kinds—barrier reef, fringing reef and atolls. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia is a good example of the first kind of coral reefs. Atolls are circular or horse shoe-shaped coral reefs.

Question 9. Write a short note on the Western Coastal Plains. Answer: The Peninsular plateau is flanked by stretch of narrow coastal strips, running along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. The western coast, sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, is a narrow plain. It consists of three sections. The northern part of the coast is called the Konkan (Mumbai-Goa), the central stretch is called the Kannad Plain while the southern stretch is referred to as the Malabar coast.

Question 10. Why are the Himalayas called as young mountains? Answer: The Himalayas were formed recently in the earth’s history as a result of compression. The sediments beneath the ocean were folded due to the compression and got uplifted. Therefore, they are known as young fold mountains. These mountains are still rising. The whole mountain represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast flowing rivers.

Question 11. Write any three features of the Shiwalik range. Answer: The three features of the Shiwalik range are : (a) This is the outermost range of the Himalayas. (b) The average altitude varies from 900 to 1100 metres. (c) These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges.

Question 12. Describe the river systems of the Northern Plains. Answer: The three river systems in the Northern plains from east to west are the Brahmaputra, Ganga and Indus. A large part of the Indus system lies in Pakistan. The Indus and its tributaries – the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj originate in the Himalayas. This section of the plain is dominated by the doabs. The Ganga plain extends between the Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It spreads over the states of Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal. It has tributaries like the Yamuna, Gomati, Ghaghara, Son, Gandak and Kosi. The Brahmaputra Plain lies in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.

Question 13. “The northern plains have diverse relief features”. Explain. Answer: Northern plains have great diverse relief features. According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains can be divided into four regions. The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar. All the streams disappear in this bhabar belt. South of this belt, the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy region known as terai. The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium. It lies above the floodplains of the rivers and presents a terrace like feature. This part is known as bhangar. The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits, locally known as kankar. The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar.

Question 14. Write a short note on Deccan Plateau. Answer: The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada. The Satpura range flanks its broad base in the north, while the Mahadev, the Kaimur hills and the Maikal range form its eastern extensions. The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards. An extension of the Plateau is also visible in the northeast, locally known as the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau and North Cachar Hills. It is separated by a fault from the Chotanagpur Plateau. Three prominent hill ranges from the west to the east are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and the eastern edges of the ‘ Deccan Plateau respectively.

Physical Features of India Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write in detail about the Himalayan mountains. Answer:

• The Himalaya mountains lie between the Indus river and the Brahmaputra river which covers a distance of about 2,400 kilometres. They consist of three parallel ranges-the Himadri, the Himachal and the Shiwaliks from north to south. The Himadri or the Great Himalayas is the highest of all with an average height of more than 6,000 metres above sea level. It contains some of the world’s highest peaks, such as Mt. Everest in Nepal (8,848 metres high, the highest peak in the world), Kanchanjunga, Nanga Parbat, Nanda Devi, Dhaulagiri, Makalu and Annapurna. Kanchenjunga (8,598 metres) in Sikkim is the highest peak of the Himalayas in India.
• To the south of the Himadri is the Himachal, also called the Middle or Lesser Himalayas. The range is mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3,600 and 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 km. Many important hill stations such as Shimla, Manali, Kullu, Mussourie, Nainital and Darjeeling are situated in the Himachal range.
• The southern-most range, which is rather discontinuous, is the Shiwalik. The extend over a width of 10-50 km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres. There are a number of broad longitudinal valleys called duns, especially in the Kumaon Himalayas of Uttarakhand. Dehradun is situated in one such valley. There are many passes like the Shipki La, Nathu La and the Bomdi La in the Himalayas.

Question 2. What is the significance of the Northern Plains? Answer: The significance of the Northern Plain are :

• This plain is made up of the alluvial soil brought down by the rivers. This soil is very soft and fertile. Major crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, oil seeds, etc. are grown here. This plain is the ‘food bowl’ of India.
• The land of this plain is soft, levelled and flat. Therefore, wells, tubewells and canals can be dug for irrigation. Due to proper irrigation, it is the largest producer of foodgrains in india.
• This plain gets sufficient rainfall. There are many rivers, streams and lakes. There is also rich vegetation. These factors affect the climate. The climate of the Northern Plains is very cold in winter and very hot in summer.
• This is one of the most thickly populated plain of the world. The most thickly populated states of India, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, lie in this plain.

Question 3. What is the significance of Himalayas? Answer: The significance of Himalayas is as follows : (a) The Himalayas stand like a mighty mountain wall in the north of India. They ‘ separate the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia. (b) They have vast snowfields and glaciers which are the source of numerous perennial rivers. These rivers provide water for irrigation, navigation and generation of hydel power. (c) The Himalayas act as a climatic barrier. They protect the Northern Plains from freezing cold winds. They also stop and deflect the rain-bearing winds. (d) The forests in the Himalayas provide a suitable habitat for wildlife. They also have many wildlife sanctuaries. (e) The Himalayas also have many beautiful hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling, which attract tourists.

Question 4. How do different physiographic regions of India complement each other? Answer: A detailed account of the different physiographic units highlights the unique features of each region : (a) Each region complements the other and makes the country richer in its natural resources. (b) The mountains are the major source of water and forest wealth. (c) The Northern Plains are the granaries of the country. They provided the base for early civilizations. (d) The plateau is a storehouse of minerals, which has played a crucial role in the industrialization of the country. (e) The coastal region and island groups provide sites for fishing and port activities. Thus, the diverse physical features of the land have immense future possibilities of development.

Question 5. Which part of the Himalayas is known as Purvachal? Write a short note on the Purvachal Himalayas. Answer: The eastern hills and mountains of the Himalayas running along the eastern boundary of India are known as Purvachal. They are in the northeastern states of India.

The Brahmaputra marks the eastern-most boundary of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary of India. They are known as the Purvachal or the Eastern hills and mountains. These hills running trough the north-eastern states are mostly composed of strong sandstones, which are sedimentary rocks. Covered with dense forests, they mostly run as parallel ranges and valleys. The Purvachal comprises the Patkai hills, the Naga hills, the Manipur hills and the Mizo hills.

Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science

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• CBSE Important Questions
• Important Questions For Class 9
• Class 9 Geography Important Questions
• Chapter 2 Physical Features Of India

CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India Important Questions

India is a vast country with varied landforms. It contains all kinds of terrains like the plains, vast stretches of plain land, a hilly region, or even the rugged terrain with mountains and valleys. Our country has practically all major physical features of the earth, ranging from the mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus and islands. Explore more about the features of India from Chapter 2 of CBSE Class 9 Social Science. We have also compiled below the CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India Important Questions from this chapter. Solving these questions will help the students to revise the subject thoroughly.

Students can download the PDF format of these CBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions of Geography Chapter 2 from the link below.

Download CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India Important Questions PDF

Physical Features of India

1. Name the glaciers and passes that lie in the Great Himalayas .

2. What is the name of the states where the highest peaks of India are located?

3 . Name the state where Mussoorie, Nainital and Ranikhet are located.

4. Explain the main cause of Rock displacement.

5. Write a note on “Tectonic Plates.”

6. What is the bhabar? Explain briefly.

7. Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?

8 . Explain the differences between converging and diverging tectonic plates.

9. Distinguish between Bhangar and Khadar.

10. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.

11 . Distinguish between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.

12. Name the island group of India having a coral origin.

13. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.

14. Write a short note on the Indian Desert.

15. Write a short note on the Island groups of India.

16. The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is Mahendragiri. True or False?

17 . The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as Konkan. True or False?

18 . What are Barchans? Explain.

19. Give reasons why shiwalik ranges are prone to landslides and earthquakes.

20 . How were the Himalayas formed? Explain.

21. Which is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats? (a) Anai Mudi (b) Doda Betta (c) Ooty (d) Mahendragiri

22. _____ is a landmass bounded by sea on three sides.  (a) Coast (b) Island (c) Peninsula (d) None of the above

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