business studies case study grade 12

• BUSINESS STUDIES GRADE 12 TERM 1 SBA TASK 2022

BUSINESS STUDIES GRADE 12 PROGRAMME OF ASSESSMENT

Terms of references for a case study and controlled test

• Teachers must provide learners with the topics on which the case study will be based for assessment.
• Learners to be given one week to collect resources on the topics
• The case study must be administered and completed within two hours under controlled conditions.
• Case studies are a very good way of keeping the subject up to date and relevant.
• Learners are presented with a real-life situation, a problem, or an incident related to the topic.
• Each formal assessment task must consist of only one assessment activity
• They should draw on their own experience or prior learning to interpret, analyse and solve a problem or set of problems and make suggestion/s and or recommendation/s to defend their arguments.
• Case studies may be taken from newspaper articles, magazine articles, video clips, or radio recordings and all sources must be acknowledged.

CONTROLLED TEST The control test must adhere to the following:

• It must be completed by all classes in the same grade on the same day.
• Where there is more than one teacher, an agreement must be reached on the scope as well as the date and time of the test.
• All learners write the same test under examination conditions.
• The duration of the controlled test must be one and half hours for 100 marks.
• The test must cover the different cognitive levels in examinations. See table on cognitive levels under Examinations in the following section.
• Include problem-solving questions.
• The test must cover a range of integrated topics, as determined by the annual teaching plan work schedule and the assessment plan.
• Questions must comply with year-end examination standards.

BUSINESS STUDIES CONSOLIDATION SCHEDULE

NAME OF LEARNER : ___________________________________ EXAMINATION NUMBER : ________________________________ NAME OF SCHOOL : ________________________________

ANNEXURE B DECLARATION BY LEARNER SCHOOL NAME : ___________________________________ NAME OF LEARNER : ___________________________________ TEACHER’S NAME : ___________________________________ I hereby declare that all SBA tasks contained in this portfolio are my original work and that if I have used any sources, I have acknowledged them. I will endeavour to keep my work original and not plagiarise other sources/people’s work. I agree that if it is determined by the relevant authorities that I have engaged in any fraudulent activities whatsoever about my SBA mark, I shall forfeit completely for this assessment (s) _________________________ ______________ CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE            DATE ________________________ ______________ PARENT/ GUARDIAN                     DATE

As far as I know, the above statement by the candidate is true and I accept that the work offered is his/her name _________________________ ______________ TEACHER’S SIGNATURE                 DATE

ANNEXURE C EVIDENCE OF SCHOOL & DISTRICT MODERATION 

                                                                             HOD/ MODERATOR   SIGNATURE    DATE                                                              TEACHER   SIGNATURE    DATE                                                                                      CLUSTER MODERATOR    SIGNATURE     DATE

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ANNEXURE C EVIDENCE OF SCHOOL MODERATION GRADE 10-12

TERM 1 : Case Study DURATION : 2 Hours TOTAL : 50 Marks NB: This task should be completed under controlled conditions QUESTION 1 1.1 Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow:

1.1.1 Identify TWO Acts that Tumi Manufacturers complies with. Motivate your answer by quoting from the case study above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 1.1.1

(6) 1.1.2 Explain the purposes of the Acts identified in QUESTION 1.1.1 (4) 1.1.3 Identify the recruitment method used by TM to attract suitable candidates for the vacancy. Motivate your answer by quoting from the case study above. Use the table as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 1.1.3

(3) 1.1.4 Discuss the positive impact of the recruitment method identified in QUESTION 1.1.3 (6) 1.1.5 Differentiate between the TWO components of job analysis. (6) 1.1.6 Advise TM on how can apply the following King Code principle for good corporate governance.

• Accountability (4)
• Transparency (4)

1.1.7 Identify the type of unethical business practices from the case study above. Motivate your answer by quoting from the case study above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 1.1.7

(3) 1.1.8 Explain how the unethical business practice identified in QUESTION 1.1.7 pose a challenge to TM as a business. (6) 1.1.9 Quote TWO ways in which TM applies the Delphi technique and Force Field analysis problem-solving techniques to solve complex business problems Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 1.1.8

(4) 1.1.10 Advised TM on other ways in which they can apply the TWO problem solving techniques mentioned in QUESTION 1.1.9 (4) TOTAL: [50]

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• Class 12 Business Studies...

Class 12 Business Studies Case Study Questions

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Download the app to get CBSE Sample Papers 2023-24, NCERT Solutions (Revised), Most Important Questions, Previous Year Question Bank, Mock Tests, and Detailed Notes.

In this article, we will discuss how to get CBSE class 12 Business Studies Case Study Questions from the myCBSEguide App and our Student Dashboard for free.

For the students appearing for class 12 board exams from the Commerce Stream, Business Studies is a core subject. Business Studies as a subject provides a way of perceiving and interacting with the business ecosystem . It well establishes the interdependence of business on various social, political, legal and economic forces and vice-versa. Business Studies is a purely theoretical and a relevantly easier subject for the Commerce students. Business Studies class 12 exam is a highly scoring subject and it facilitates the students to increase their percentile and excel in academics.

12 Business Studies Paper Design

The exam is divided into 2 parts:

• Part A generally contains questions from Principles and Functions of Management and carries 60 marks.
• Part B comprises questions from Business Finance and Marketing, it carries a total of 40 marks.

The syllabus of class 12 Business Studies comprises 12 chapters that are divided into 2 books

• Principles and Functions of Management
• Business Finance and Marketing

Business Studies Syllabus

CBSE has released the latest class 12 syllabus (2022-23) for Business Studies. 

Business Studies Case Study Questions

Case-based questions have always been an integral part of Business Studies class 12 question papers for the past many years. Students are required to focus more on case studies as they require the application of their knowledge of the key business concepts. In the year 2021-22 CBSE introduced a few changes in the question paper pattern to enhance and develop analytical and reasoning skills among students. Sanyam Bhardwaj, controller of examinations, CBSE quoted that case-based questions would be based on real-life situations encountered by the students.

The purpose was to drift from rote learning to competency and situation-based learning. He emphasized the fact that it was the need of the hour to move away from the old system and formulate new policies to enhance the critical reasoning skills of students. Introducing case study questions was a step toward achieving the goals of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

What is a case study question? (Business Studies)

A case study in reference to Business Studies can be thought of as a real-world test of how the implementation works. It is predominantly a report of an organization’s implementation of something such as a practice, a product, a system, or a service. Case studies based on NCERT text form a substantial part of the Business Studies examination. Initially, they were confusing for both students and teachers but now there is a clarity that has made the question paper more student-friendly. A significant weightage has been given to case-based and application-based questions.

Critical and Analytical Thinking

These questions demand critical and analytical thinking on behalf of the students. The best part of these questions is that they provide conceptual hints and keys that point to the right answer. According to the new pattern implemented by CBSE, case-based questions would carry a significant weightage of more than 30% in the Business Studies question paper.

Case Study Passage

As part of these questions, the students would be provided with a comprehensive passage, based on which analytical questions will have to be answered by them. The students would be required to read the passage carefully before attempting the questions. In the coming examination cycle (2022-23), case-based questions have a weightage of around 30%.

Types of Case Study questions in Business Studies

CBSE plans to increase the weightage of such questions in the following years, so as to enhance the intellectual and analytical abilities of the students. Case study questions would be based on various topics and chapters in Business Studies. It is expected from the students to have complete knowledge of the concepts in their syllabus.

They will have to let go of the shortcut techniques and get to read their textbooks with full concentration, especially for solving case-based questions in Business Studies for the passages given are generally lengthy and require an in-depth study. The best part of having these questions is that the question itself projects a hint of its solution.

The questions asked could be :

• Direct and simple-such questions can easily be solved as the answers are either there in the given passage or the student can solve it at ease by reading and analyzing the passage carefully.
• Indirect and application-based- These are the ones that would require the student to have complete knowledge of the topic and could be answered by application of the concepts. The answers to such questions are slightly tricky and not visible in the given passage, though the passage would highlight the concept on which the questions would be asked by CBSE.

Class 12 Business Studies Case Study

Case study questions asked by CBSE were stated to be quite challenging by many students. It prominently focuses on real and present scenarios of the business world. Though the exam, on the whole, was quite direct and its difficulty level was termed out to be moderate. Around 30% of the question paper consisted of case-based questions that required high-order thinking and analytical skills from the students.

Content of Case Study Questions

The concept of case-based questions is not new since CBSE has always included questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) and case-based questions. Though now we will have an increased percentage of such questions in the question paper. The student has to keep in mind that the concept-based questions can be attempted only with the proper understanding of the business concepts.

Benefits Of Case-based Questions

Class 12 Business Studies syllabus comprises two books and CBSE can ask Case study questions from any of them. Students must prepare themselves thoroughly for both the books. They must practice class 12 Business Studies case-based questions from the various options available to them.

• Enhance the intellectual capabilities of the students.
• Provide a complete and deeper understanding of the subject.
• Inculcate analytical reasoning and temperament in students.
• Help students retain knowledge for longer periods of time.
• Would definitely help to discard the concept of rote learning and cramming without understanding the core of the subject.
• The questions would facilitate bringing out the much-awaited change in the prevalent system of education in India that hinders the strengthening of practical learning.

Some Case-Study Questions (Business Studies) Class 12

Here are some case study questions for CBSE class 12 Business Studies. If you wish to get more case study questions and other related study material, download the myCBSEguide App now. You can also access it through our Student Dashboard .

Business Studies Case Study 1

Read the following text and answer the questions: ABLEX Ltd. is a big and well-reputed company. The biggest challenge for the company is managing many employees at the same time. As the company has various departments like human resources, marketing, finance,etc., it is very necessary for the company to maintain unity in different departments. All the employees work hard for the organisation. Despite their different interest, they all perform various activities together so as to achieve the objectives of the company. The career of employees is shown a developmental path through proper training modules and job enrichment. Ajay is a manager who assigns all duties and responsibilities to his employees in the department. He uses all sources to develop proper communication with them and leaves no attempt to motivate them.

• It integrates Group Efforts
• It is a Continuous process
• It ensures Unity of Action
• It is Pervasive
• Top Level Management
• Middle-Level Management
• Lower Level Management
• Supervisory Level Management
• Economic objectives
• Social Objectives
• Organisational Objectives
• Personal Objectives

Answer Key:

• (c) It ensures unity of action
• (b) Middle-level management
• (c) Personal objectives
• (a) Directing

Business Studies Case Study 2

Read the following text and answer the question: Mohan works in a bulb manufacturing company. Each bulb that is manufactured is of standard size and quality. Further, if there is any unrequited type of bulb manufactured then its production is stopped. Last month when the company came to know that 10-watt bulbs were no more liked by customers, their production was stopped. He works in the purchasing department. His job is to purchase the filaments required to make bulbs. This time when he purchases the filament he gets the instruction from the seller that some special care needs to be taken in the first hour of fixing the filaments inside the bulb. Mohan knows this information should be given immediately to the production department before the assembling process starts. However, he finds that his company’s policies only allow him to give the message to his immediate boss who will further pass this message to his boss. The passing of this message will continue until it reaches the desired person in the production department. Based on the passage answer the following questions:

• Method study
• Fatigue study
• Standardization and simplification
• None of these
• Scalar chain
• Departmentalization
• Division of Work
• None of the above
• Organization
• Authority and Responsibility
• All of these
• Division of work
• Scalar Chain
• (b) Fatigue study
• (a) Scalar chain
• (c) Gang plank
• (a) Division of work

Business Studies Case Study 3

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Two years ago Radhika completed her degree in food technology. She worked for some time in a company manufacturing chutneys, pickles and murabbas. She was not happy in the company and decided to have her own organic food processing unit for the same. She set the objectives and the targets and formulated an action plan to achieve the same. One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year. It was decided that raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months’ credit form farmers cultivating organic crops only. She also decided to follow the steps required for the marketing of the products through her own outlets. She appointed Rakesh as a production manager who decides the exact manner in which the production activities are to be carried out. Rakesh also prepared a statement showing the number of workers that will be required in the factory throughout the year. Radhika informed Mohan about her sales target for different products, area wise for the forthcoming quarter. While working on the production table a penalty of 100 per day for not wearing the caps, gloves and apron was announced.

• Standing Plan
• (a) Objectives
• (c) Procedure
• (b) Programme

Tips to Solve Case Study Questions in Business Studies

Let’s try to comprehend and solve case study questions of class 12 Business Studies. As mentioned earlier, the entire syllabus is divided into 2 books. It is expected from the students to rigorously follow the NCERT book as the language written is quite simple and crisp. The exam in spite of being totally theoretical is quite scoring.

• Read the passage in depth.
• Try to comprehend the situation and focus on the questions asked.
• Generally, the passage given in Business Studies is lengthy but the solutions are brief and simple.
• Can follow a reversal pattern, i.e read the questions before and then search for the answers. You will save time.
• Answer briefly and precisely.
• Focus on solidifying key Business Studies fundamentals for acing any case study. If your concepts are clear, you will hardly face any difficulty in answering them.
• While answering the case study, pick the keywords or any keyline based on which you are withdrawing your conclusion. You need to highlight the reason for your answer.

These simple points if kept in mind will definitely help the student to fetch good marks in case study-based questions in class 12 Business Studies.

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Study Guides / Workbooks – Business Studies

Downlad FREE study guides (workbooks) which will help you study successfully for your Grade 12 Business Studies examinations. All topics are covered, from Paper 1 to Paper 2. Each workbook provides you with questions to answer, as well as marking guidelines which help you understand how marks are allocated for each type of questions.

Understanding mark allocation and expected structuring of answers is key to acing Business Studies. That way, you do not waste time doing more than expected, or lose marks, writing less information than expected. It gives you an idea of how to produce well-balanced answers.

Below are all the available downloadable study guides. Just click on the link, and you will be able to open the file and download it.

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• Grade 12 BS – DBE :  Chapter 1 – Legislation
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• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 3 – Ethics and Professionalism
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 4 – Creative Thinking and Problem-Solving
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 5 – Macro Environment; Business Strategies
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 6 – CSR and CSI
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 7 – Human Rights, Inclusivity and Environmental Issues
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 8 – Team Performance Assessment and Conflict Resolution
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 9 – Business Sectors and Their Environments
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 10 – Management and Leadership
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 11 – Quality of Performance
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 12 – Investment; Securities
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 13 – Investment; Insurance
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 14 – Forms of Ownership
• Grade 12 BS – DBE : Chapter 15 – Presentation and Data Response

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• Class 12th /

Business Studies Class 12 Case Studies

• Updated on  
• Feb 12, 2021

The Central Board of Secondary Examination [CBSE] carries out periodic changes frequently in the structure of syllabus and question pattern across different commerce subjects . With more and more questions being added which aim to evaluate concept application, analysis and interpretation, the prevalent practice of theoretical learning is being done away with. The inclusion of Business Studies class 12 case studies is a step in this direction. Further, the vast nature of syllabus in the subject makes this way testing much more practical in place of merely listing and rewriting. Here, we present a full-fledged guide on how to tackle these case studies questions in a way that can get you better scores.

This Blog Includes:

Overview & structure, what is a case study, business studies class 12 case studies: examples, how to solve case studies in business studies class 12.

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Business studies broadly encompass ‘Principles and Functions of Management’ which deal with management, its nature, elements, theories and application as well as ‘Business Finance and Marketing’ which concerns financial markets , marketing management and consumer protection. Before taking a look at the Business Studies Class 12, take a look at the pattern of the paper is as follows:

Note: Case studies are not separate sections or parts. They can be asked as all across the above-mentioned sections.

In particular, case studies are based on real-life scenarios which concern business-related situations. This involves, for instance, cases wherein a person starts a business concern, problems faced in its management, a unique set of circumstances encountered and a host of other different situations. The students are required to correlate concepts in management and solve questions based on their understanding of such concepts. Identification of a particular aspect of Business Management is also a highly used testing criterion.

Here are a few examples of case study questions you can expect to see in the Class 12 Business Studies paper based on official CBSE Question Paper 2020:

Umang Gupta is the Managing Director of Denver Ltd. The company had established a good name for itself and had been doing well. It was known for the timely completion of orders. The Production Manager, Ms Kanta was efficiently handling the processing of the order and had a team of fourteen motivated employees working under her. Everything was going on well. Unfortunately, she met with an accident. Umang knew that in the absence of Ms Kanta, the company may not be able to meet the deadlines. He also knew that not meeting the deadlines may lead to customer dissatisfaction with the risk of loss of business and goodwill. So, he had a meeting with his employees in which accurate the speedy processing of orders was planned. Everybody agreed to work as a team because the behaviour of Umang Gupta was positive towards the employees of the organisation. Hence everyone put in extra time and efforts and the targets were met on time. Not only this, Umang visited Ms Kanta and advised her to take sufficient rest. 1. Identify the leadership style of Umang Gupta and draw a diagram depicting the style. 2. State any two values highlighted by the behaviour of Umang Gupta. (CBSE, Delhi 2017)

Indian Youth Organisation (IYO) organised a visit of its members to an old age home to inculcate the habit of social work among them. The visit revealed that the living conditions of the inmates of the old age home were not hygienic. So, the IYO members decided to clean the premises. During their cleanliness drive, they realised that the old age home also required pest control. But some of the inmates of old age home were reluctant about it because they believed that the pest control might create health problems for them. IYO, therefore, decided to provide ethical, safe and odourless pest control. They showed to the inmates of old age home a pamphlet of the proposed pest control product which promised easy, inexpensive and long-lasting pest control. The inmates happily agreed and the pest control was carried out. It worked for a fortnight but to their dismay, the effect started wearing off. IYO contacted the pest control company which kept on postponing their visit. After waiting for a month, IYO filed a cased in the consumer court. The consumer court was satisfied with the genuineness of the complaint and issued necessary directions to the pest control company. 1. State the six directions that might have been issued by the court. 2. Also, identify any two values that are being communicated by IYO to society. (CBSE, Delhi 2017)

ABC Ltd is a consumer appliance company established in 1992. With its effort of quality maintenance, it has established a competent name in the market for its products. In its efforts of specialisation, it has set up different departments of finance, sales, manufacturing, technical services and maintenance services. As the spaces of operation have risen along with soaring consumer demand, ABD Ltd came to resolution to alter its current principle of management in order to meet varying requirements of the environment.  Write the specific general principle of management the company intends to modify to meet the changing requirements.

Gold Land Pvt. Ltd. is a wheat-producing company. Daily 5000 bags of wheat weighing 10 kg each are produced here. In comparison to the previous year, this ere has been less number of bags produced on a per-day basis. The number is around 4500 which is less than the target of 5000 set by the company. The company however has been able to reduce the costs involved in comparison to last year’s spending on the production and packaging of each bag. The quality of bags has also been up to the mark. Identify the concept of management ignored here.

A floor manager of a mall is a very good manager as he utilizes all the functions of management to minimize the cost of maintenance of his area. He directs all the staff members under him to follow the targets and advises them to put their efforts in the direction of the achievement of these targets. Under his guidance, the employees admit that they learn a lot and are able to meet their targets. This has led to an increase in their salaries. Identify the importance of management highlighted above.

A bank named ‘Dhan Sangraha Karta’ allows the Kapoor family to deposit their money time and again in it. It gives a definite return to this family which is in the form of interest. To get this interest the money stored in the household of Kapoor family gets entry into this bank. Nearby there is a stock exchange, Mr Rajan Kapoor, who is the head of the family, goes there and buys securities. He says that in this way more return in earned by him on his saved money though the risk is also there. 1. Identify the process in the above case performed by the bank and the stock exchange. 2. What are the roles of the bank and the stock exchange with respect to each other? 3. Name a condition for the bank to perform its role in this process. 4. Name a condition for the stock market to perform its role in this process.

To make the sports day of the school successful the Headmaster of the school divided all the activities into task groups each dealing with a specific area like holding of the event, the arrangement of medals, refreshments etc. Each group was placed under the overall supervision of a senior teacher. The physical education teacher was made responsible for holding different events, the home science teacher for refreshments and the Maths teacher for medals. Identify the function of management performed by the Headmaster in doing so.

Exploring Class 12 notes? Don’t Forget to Check Out Our Exclusive Guide on CBSE Accountancy Class 12 !

RTVB Technologies Ltd. entered the gaming market via its launch of a comprehensive gaming brand name that focused on gaming consoles, games and other accessories. This was done after careful consideration of changing consumer needs and market trends. While its products are expensive, they are of high quality as well as eco-friendly. Their efforts were to differentiate their product from the existing items available in the market and devoted significant efforts, time and money in the creation of the brand name as without this they can only focus on awareness for generic products and can never be sure of sale of products. After some time, their efforts led to a positive growth in demand of products and parallelly as the customers liking also grew, the higher price was no longer a buyer. Over time, the company’s gaming brand became regarded as a status symbol owing to its impressive quality and consumers by using them felt a sense of pride. I. What is RTVB Ltd.’s marketing management philosophy? II. In the above case, describe the benefits of branding to the marketeers.

Note: You can access more Business Studies Class 12 Case Studies here .

Since they aim to analyze the student’s understanding of business studies and management studies, the case studies in Class 12 can be intricate and complex ones to comprehend. But there are many ways to easily solve them and grasp the concepts covered under Business Studies. We have enlisted some of the best tips and tricks you can utilise to crack the case studies in Business Studies Class 12:

Read NCERT Books for Business Studies thoroughly and go through all the topics covered in each chapter. NCERT books can be your best buddy in exploring the nuances of business and management as they describe the essential topics in a simpler and uncomplicated manner. Once you have read all the chapters given in NCERT as well as the case studies under each chapter then move towards studying with reference books.

While solving case studies for Business Studies Class 12, understand the question carefully and highlight all the key aspects mentioned that seem important. This can vary from the changes brought forward by a business firm to a decision that led to something important or the beliefs and philosophies an enterprise started with. Highlight all the key pointers and then start drafting the answers.

If the question asks an analysis of a certain aspect of a decision or management, it’s better to write down all the key pointers elucidating the pros and cons of the issue you are asked to analyse . Once you have the pointers, you can write down the answer easily.

Don’t write lengthy answers and try to make them concise and insightful . Adhere to the word limit provided and draft a comprehensive answer accordingly.

Some questions might explicitly mention the topic from the syllabus for Business Studies Class 12 such as “analyse the step taken by ______ Manager as per the Functions of Management”. You can use this as a hint to answer the question as per the concepts covered under the Functions of Management in the syllabus. Look out for such hints in the question on case studies as they can help you draft an impressive and high-scoring answer.

While preparing for the class 12 examinations, one can make use of the following resources:

• Case Studies Mentor in Business Studies Class- XII by Alka Dhawan
• Case Studies in Business Studies by Tapan Pathak for CBSE Class 12 by Tapan Pathak
• Business Studies with Case Studies for Class-XI by Sandeep Garg
• Business Studies for Class 12 – Question-Answer Bank by MeriPustak
• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies-Case Studies by Shiv Das
• Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Class 12 Business Studies Book by Oswaal Books
• Business Studies for Class 12 by RK Singla
• All In One Business Studies CBSE class 12 2019-20 (Old Edition) by Arihant Experts
• ABD’s Business Studies – Mastering Case Studies – (Class XII) (2019-2020) by Neeru Sethi

It requires a solid grasp over business and management concepts to tackle Business Studies Class 12 Case Studies. If you are planning to pursue a degree in Business after class 12, take assistance of our team of experts at Leverage Edu and we’ll help you find a suitable course and university thus gearing you up for a successful future ahead.

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• CBSE Class 12

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Exam on March 25: Important Case Study Based Questions for Practice and Revision

Cbse class 12 business studies important case study based questions: find here all important case study questions to practice before cbse class 12 business studies board examinations 2023 scheduled to be conducted on march 25, 2023. the answers have also been provided here..

Important Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Exam

Important Links for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Exam 2023 Preparation:

• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2022-23
• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies DELETED Syllabus 2022-23
• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Sample Paper and Solution 2022-23
• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Practice Paper 2023
• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers

Other Important Links for CBSE Class 12 Board Exam 2023:

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Case Study Questions for Class 12 Business Studies (BST)

• Last modified on: 11 months ago
• Reading Time: 6 Minutes

Here you will find Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies (BST).

Units and Chapter List:

Unit 1 – Nature and Significance of Management, Principles of Management and Business Environment

Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Management Case Studies Chapter 2: Principles of Management Case Studies Chapter 3: Business Environment Case Studies

Unit 2 – Planning and Organising

Chapter 4: Planning Case Studies Chapter 5: Organising Case Studies

Unit 3 – Staffing, Directing and Controlling

Chapter 6: Staffing Case Studies Chapter 7: Directing Case Studies Chapter 8: Controlling Case Studies

Unit 4 – Financial Management and Financial Market

Chapter 9: Financial Management Case Studies Chapter 10: Financial Market Case Studies

Unit 5 – Marketing and Consumer Protection

Chapter 11: Marketing Case Studies Chapter 12: Consumer Protection Case Studies

How to Tackle Business Studies Case Studies in Exams

Here’s a tip on how to approach and answer case study questions for Class 12 BST (Business Studies) exams:

1. Understand the Format:

• Case study questions are designed to test your ability to analyze and apply your knowledge to real-world situations.
• These questions are usually longer in length, but your answers should be concise and to the point.

2. Careful Reading:

• Begin by carefully reading the entire case study. Don’t rush; understand the context and details provided.
• Pay attention to any data, statistics, or specific information presented in the case.

3. Examine the Question:

• Before diving into the case study, read the question(s) associated with it. This will help you focus on what to look for while reading the case.
• Identify the key concepts or issues the question is addressing.

4. Highlight Key Information:

• While reading the case, underline or highlight important facts, figures, or statements that seem relevant to the question.
• Make notes if necessary to organize your thoughts.

5. Analyze the Situation:

• Once you have a good grasp of the case and its details, analyze the situation. Consider the cause-and-effect relationships, potential solutions, and any ethical or business principles involved.

6. Structure Your Answer:

• Start your answer with a brief introduction, summarizing the main problem or situation presented in the case.
• Organize your response logically. You can use bullet points or numbered lists for clarity.
• Present your analysis, providing relevant business theories or concepts as appropriate.
• Offer solutions or recommendations based on your analysis. Be clear and concise in your suggestions.

7. Use Simple Language:

• Write your answers in clear and simple language. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex vocabulary.
• Ensure your answers are easy to understand for the examiner.

8. Practice with Sample Papers:

• Practice case study questions from sample papers and previous year papers to get a feel for the format and types of questions that may be asked.
• Writing practice answers will help you refine your approach.

Remember to practice, and you’ll become more proficient at tackling case study questions effectively.

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• Sample Question Papers for CBSE Class 12 Physics (for 2024)
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• 10 Years CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Previous Year-Wise Solved Papers (2023-2024)
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NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies: Class 12 Business Studies NCERT Solutions teaches you fundamental ideas and concepts of business. Solutions are prepared adhering to the Latest CBSE Guidelines. NCERT Class 12th Business Studies Solutions are precise to the point, making the exam preparation easy for you.

Make use of the Business Studies Class 12 NCERT Solutions PDF available on our page free of cost. Score max. marks in the board exams by referring to the NCERT Solutions of Class 12th Business Studies . The Solutions cover all the chapters that you need as a part of the CBSE Syllabus. All of them are provided in PDF format so that you can access them easily and practice.

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies includes all the questions in the NCERT Business Studies Textbook. All the solutions are provided in a detailed way and you get them free of cost. NCERT Solutions of Class 12 Business Studies covers various examples so that you can learn the concepts quickly. Class 12th NCERT Solutions of Business Studies can be an extremely helpful resource during your exam preparation.

NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Solutions PDF Free Download (2023-24)

Class 12 Business Studies Solutions gives you a basic idea of how to set up a business. Have an indepth understanding of all the fundamental concepts by making use of the NCERT Class 12th Business Studies Solutions . All the solutions are provided in accordance with the CBSE and you can tackle different kinds of questions by practicing from them.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Part 1 Principles and Functions of Management

• Chapter 1 Nature and Significance of Management
• Chapter 2 Principles of Management
• Chapter 3 Business Environment
• Chapter 4 Planning
• Chapter 5 Organising
• Chapter 6 Staffing
• Chapter 7 Directing
• Chapter 8 Controlling

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Part 2 Business Finance and Marketing

• Chapter 9 Financial Management
• Chapter 10 Financial Market
• Chapter 11 Marketing
• Chapter 12 Consumer Protection

CBSE Class 12 Case Studies in Business Studies

More Resources for CBSE Class 12:

• CBSE Class 12 Maths
• RD Sharma class 12 Solutions
• CBSE Class 12th English Flamingo
• CBSE Class 12th English Vistas
• CBSE Class 12 Accountancy
• CBSE Sample Papers For Class 12

Why Should I Read Class 12th NCERT Solutions for Business Studies?

You can have numerous benefits of solving NCERT Solutions Class 12th in your exam. Have a look at the benefits of practicing NCERT Solutions of Class 12 Business Studies and they are as under

• NCERT Solutions of Class 12 Business Studies gives you an in-depth understanding of complex concepts too easily.
• All the solutions provided here are as per the Latest CBSE Curriculum.
• NCERT Solutions over here can save you a lot of time in your exam preparation.
• Use the prime savior NCERT Class 12th Solutions Business Studies and score well in the exam.
• NCERT Class XII Business Studies Solutions helps you attempt the board exams with full confidence.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies

1.  Which website offers the best preparation resources for clearing the Business Studies Board Exam?

Learncbse.in provides reliable and accurate information regarding Business Studies for board exam preparation.

2. How to download Class 12 NCERT Solutions Business Studies PDF?

You just need to click on the quick links available on our page to download the NCERT Solutions of Class 12 Business Studies.

3. Where can I get NCERT Solutions Class 12 for Business Studies of all Chapters?

Candidates can get NCERT Solutions of Class 12 Business Studies of all chapters free of cost from our page.

4. Are Class 12th NCERT Solutions for Business Studies enough to clear the board exams?

Yes, the NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Solutions can be of extreme help during your exam preparation for board exams. Use them during your preparation and score well in the exams.

NCERT Solutions Accountancy Business Studies Macro Economics Commerce

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CBSE Class 12 Case Studies In Business Studies – Financial Markets

FINANCIAL MARKET Financial Market: Definition A financial market is a market for the creation (new issue of securities) and exchange (sale of existing securities) of financial assets.

Financial Markets: Purpose Financial market serves as an intermediary between the surplus sector (households which have savings) and deficit sector (business firms which needs funds).

Functions of Financial Market

• It performs the allocative function by mobilisation of savings and channelising them into the most productive avenues.
• It helps to determine the price for the financial asset in a particular financial market through the market forces of demand and supply.
• It provides liquidity to the financial assets by providing ready markets wherein the securities can be easily converted into cash or vice versa.
• It provides a common platform for exchange of securities thereby reducing the cost of transactions by saving time, effort and money spent by the buyers and sellers in locating each other.

Financial Intermediation: Definition Financial intermediation refers to the process through which allocation of funds is done by the savers in the household sectors through two main mechanisms; banks and financial markets. Types / Segments of Financial Market

• Capital Market
• Money Market

CAPITAL MARKET Capital Market: Definition Capital Market refers to facilities and institutional arrangements through which long term funds, both debt and equity, are raised and invested. Capital market is a segment of financial market.

Features of Capital Market

• It is a market for long term funds.
• The main participants in capital market are banks, financial institutions, corporate bodies, foreign investors and retail investors.
• Since the cost of securities may be low, investment can be made in the capital market with less capital.
• The securities in capital market enjoy good liquidity.
• The instruments in capital market carry high risk as the expected return on them is high.

Main Instruments in Capital Market

• Equity Shares
• Preference Shares

Types / Segments of Capital Market

• Primary Market
• Secondary Market

Constituents of the Capital Market

• Development Banks
• Commercial Banks
• Stock Exchanges

PRIMARY MARKET Primary Market: Definition Primary market is also known as new issue market as the securities are issued for the first time by the companies through this market. Primary Market is a segment of capital market.

Features of Primary Market

• It is the new issue market.
• Only buying of securities takes place.
• Prices of the securities are determined by the company.
• It involves dealings between the company and investors.
• There is no fixed location of primary market.

Instruments of Primary Market

Methods of Floatation in Primary Market

• Offer through Prospectus (The company approaches the members of the general public directly by issuing a prospectus)
• Offer For Sale (The company approaches members of the general public indirectly through intermediaries like issuing houses, stock brokers etc.)
• Private Placement (The company can raise finance by allotting securities to selective individuals and institutions only)
• e-IPOs (The investors may subscribe to the securities of a company online)
• Rights Issue (It is a pre-emptive right given only to the existing shareholders to subscribe to the securities of the company as per its terms and conditions)

SECONDARY MARKET Secondary Market: Definition It is a market for old or existing securities It is a segment of capital market.

Features of Secondary Market / Stock Exchanges

• It is the market for old/existing securities.
• Both buying and selling of securities takes place.
• Prices of the securities are determined by the forces of demand and supply.
• It involves dealings between two investors.
• Stock exchanges exist at fixed location.

MONEY MARKET The money market is a market for short term debt instruments whose period of maturity is upto one year. It is a segment of financial market.

Features of Money Market

• It is a market for short term funds.
• The main participants are institutional investors.
• Since the cost of securities may be high, investment in the money market may require huge capital outlay.
• The money market enjoys high liquidity as The Discount Finance House of India works as a compulsory market maker for it.
• The instruments in money market carry low risk as the expected return is low on

INSTRUMENTS IN MONEY MARKET

  STOCK EXCHANGE Stock Exchange: Definition According To Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956, “Stock Exchange means any body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of buying and selling or dealings in securities.”

Functions of Stock Exchange

• Ensures liquidity and marketability of existing securities by a providing a ready and continuous market for the sale and purchase of securities.
• Helps in determining the prices of the securities through the forces of demand and supply.
• It promotes the habit of saving and investment among the general public.
• It provides a legal framework for fair and safe dealings.
• It helps the companies in raising finance thus facilitating capital formation and economic growth.
• It provides scope for healthy speculation in a controlled and restricted way.

Dematerialisation: Definition Dematerialisation refers to the process of holding securities in electronic form.

Depository: Definition Depository is the organisation with which an investor has to open a D-Mat account to hold securities in electronic form. In India there are two depositories:

• National Secuities Depository Limited (NSDL)
• Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL)

The depository participant serves as a link between the investor and the depository i.e. either NSDL or CDSL.

Screen Based Trading: Definition Screen-based trading refers to the process of buying or selling securities on-line.

Advantages of Screen-based Trading

• As the investors get an access to the stock market during real time, there is complete transparency and in the dealings.
• It provides a common platform for exchange of securities thereby increasing the efficient transactions by saving time, effort and money.
• This virtual market has a very wide reach hence it increases its liquidity.

STEPS IN THE TRADING AND SETTLEMENT PROCEDURE

• The investor has to furnish certain details and information about himself including PAN number which is mandatory, date of birth, bank account details, income details etc.
• A broker acts as an intermediary between the buyers and sellers.
• After the completion of the above formalities, the broker opens a trading account in the name of the investor.
• The investor has to open a demat account with a depository participant and a bank account for trading transactions in cash.
• By giving clear instructions about the desired quantity and price.
• The broker will then make the investor aware about the feasibility of the order.
• The broker will issue an order confirmation slip to the investor.
• The broker will then execute the order through screen based trading by considering the best available deal.
• The broker will issue a trade confirmation slip to the investor.
• A contract note contains details about the deal i.e. the number of securities bought/sold, price, date and time of transaction etc. The contract note includes a unique order code generated by the stock exchange for that transaction.
• A contract note is a legal which may be used to settle the claims between the investor and the broker.
• Since the settlement cycle is T +2 therefore, within two days of receiving the Contract Note, the investor has to pay cash or deliver shares sold as the case may be. The broker can then forward it to the exchange. This is called pay-in-day.
• On the T+2 day, cash will be paid or shares will be delivered as the case may be by the exchange to the other broker. This is called pay-out-day. Then, in case of sale of shares, the broker has to make the payment to the investor within 24 hours.
• However, in the case of purchase of securities, the amount will be transferred electronically to the investor’s demat account.

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (SEBI) The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator for the securities market in India.

• It was established in the year 1988 by the Government of India. It was to function under the overall administrative control of Ministry of Finance of the Government of India.
• It was given statutory powers on 30th January 1992 through an ordinance.
• The ordinance was later on replaced by an Act of Parliament known as the SEBI Act, 1992.

The Organisation Structure of SEBI

• The various activities undertaken by SEBI are now divided into five operational departments.
• Each department is headed by an executive director.
• The head office of SEBI is located at Mumbai.
• Besides, regional offices have been set up in Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi to attend to consumers complaints and maintain liaison with the issuers, intermediaries and stock exchanges in the concerned regions.
• SEBI has also formed Primary Market Advisory Committee and Secondary Market Advisory Committee to assist in the process of SEBI’S policies formation.
• These two committees consist of the market players, the investor’s association recognised by SEBI and the eminent persons in the capital market.

Objectives of SEBI

• To prevent trading malpractice in thesecurities markets.
• To protect the rights and interest of investors, and to guide and educate them.
• To regulate and develop a code of conduct and fair practices by intermediaries like brokers, merchant bankers, etc. with a view to making them competitive and professional.
• To regulate stock exchanges and the securities market to promote their orderly functioning.

Purpose and Role of SEBI SEBI has to be responsive to the needs of three groups, which constitue the market namely:

• The issuers of securities so as to provide them a platform for raising capital in an easy, effective and efficient manner.
• The investors so as to protect their interests in securities by keeping them abreast about the developments through true and appropriate information.
• The market intermediaries in order to provide them a framework so as to enable them to perform their functions effectively and efficiently.

Objectives of Advisory Committees Formed by SEBI

• To advise SEBI on matters relating to regulation of intermediaries for ensuring investor protection in the primary market.
• To advise SEBI on issues related to development of primary market in India.
• To advise SEBi on matters required to be taken by for changes in legal framework to introduce simplification and transparency in the primary market.
• To advise SEBI on disclosure requirements for companies.
• To advise the board in matters relating to the development and regulation of secondary market in the country.

FUNCTIONS OF SEBI Protective Functions of SEBI

• SEBI prohibits fraudulent and unfair trade practices in the securities market
• Promotion of fair practices and code of conduct in securities market
• Undertaking steps for investor protection
• Controlling insider trading and imposing penalties for such malpractices.

The Preamble of the Securities and Exchange Board of India describes the basic functions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India as “…to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto”

Developmental Functions of SEBI

• Ensuring training of intermediaries of securities market
• Conducting research and publishing information useful to all market participants
• Facilitating flexibility in the working of capital markets.

Regulatory Functions of SEBI

• Registration and regulation of of brokers, sub-brokers and other players in the financial market.
• Registration of collective investment schemes and Mutual Funds.
• Conducting enquiries and audits of stock exchanges & intermediaries.
• Regulation portfolio exchanges, underwriters, merchant bankers and the dealings in the stock exchanges.
• Regulation of take over bids by the companies

LATEST CBSE QUESTIONS

Question 1. Meca Ltd. a reputed automobile manufacturer needs Rupees ten crores as additional capital to expand its business. Atul Jalan, the CEO of the company wanted to raise funds through equity. On the other hand the Finance Manager, Nimi Sahdev said that the public issue may be expensive on account of various mandatory and non-mandatory expenses. Therefore, it was decided to allot the securities to institutional investors. Name the method through which the company decided to raise additional capital. (CBSE, Delhi 2017) Answer: Private placement is method through which the company decided to raise additional capital.

Question 2. These days, the development of a country is also judged by its system of transferring finance from the sector where it is in surplus to the sector where it is needed most. To give strength to the economy, SEBI is undertaking measures to develop the capital market. In addition to this there is another market in which unsecured and short-term debt instruments are actively traded everyday. These markets together help the savers and investors in directing the available funds into their most productive investment opportunity.

• Name the function being performed by the market in the above case.
• Also, explain briefly three other functions performed by this market. (CBSE, Delhi 2017)
• Mobilisation of funds is the function being performed by the financial market in the above case. It performs the allocative function by mobilisation of savings and channelising them into the most productive avenues.

Question 3. These days, the development of a country is also judged by its system of transferring finance from the sector where it is in surplus to the sector where it is needed the most. To give strength to the economy, SEBI is undertaking measures to develop the capital market. In addition to this, there is another market in which unsecured and short-term debt instruments are actively traded every day. These markets together help the savers and investors in directing the available funds into their most productive investment opportunity.

• Name the market segment other than the capital market segment in which unsecured and short-term debt instrument are traded. Also, give any three points of difference between the two. (CBSE, OD 2017)

Question 4. ABC Ltd. issued prospectus for the subscription of its shares for Rs. 500 crores in 2008. The issue was oversubscribed by 20 times. The company issued shares to all the applicants on pro-rata basis. Later SEBI inspected the prospectus and found some misleading statement about the management of the company in it. SEBI imposed a penalty of Rs. 5 crores and banned its three executive directors for dealing in securities market for three years. Identify the function and its type performed by SEBI in the above case.  (CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017) Answer: Protective function has been performed by SEBI in the above case. And the type of Protective function is Prohibition of fraudulent and unfair trade practices.

Question 5. “Money market is essentially a market for short-term funds’. In the light of this statement state any three features of money market. (CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017) Answer: The three features of money market are described below:

• It is a market for short term funds whose maturity period is upto one year.
• Since the cost of securities may be high, investment in the money market requires huge capital outlay.

Question 6. “Unicon Securities Pvt. Ltd” was established to deal in securities. It was registered as a stock broker with National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) to trade in securities listed at these exchanges. It is also a depository participant with CDSL and NSDL. In the first three years, it developed its business successfully. After that the composition of Board of Directors changed. Some customers complained to the customer care centre of the company that shares purchased by them and for which the payment has been duly made, were not transferred to their D’mat Accounts by “Unicon securities Pvt. Ltd” . The executive of customer care centre promised the aggrieved customers that their shares will be transferred to their respective D’mat Accounts very soon. But the company delayed the matter and didn’t transfer the shares of the customers to their D’mat Accounts. This eroded investors confidence and multiplied, their grievances.

• Identify the step of trading procedure in a stock exchange which has not been followed by “Unicon Securities Pvt. Ltd” .
• Name the Apex statutory body of capital market to whom customer can complain to redress their grievances.
• Write two values not followed by Unicon Security Pvt. Ltd.(CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017)
• The step of trading procedure in a stock exchange which has not been followed by “Unicon Securities Pvt. Ltd” is settlement i.e. the delivery of shares through the D’mat Account of the broker to D’mat account of the investors.
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the Apex statutory body of capital market to whom customer can complain to redress their grievances.
• Truthfulness
• Fair practices

Question 7. Reshu’s father has gifted her the shares of a large cement company with which he had been working. The securities were in physical form. She already has a bank account and does not possess any other forms of securities. She wished to sell the shares and approached a registered broker for the purpose. Mention one mandatory detail which she will have to provide with the broker. (CBSE, Sample Paper, 2016) Answer: Reshu will have to give her Permanent Account Number (PAN) to the broker as it is mandatory as per law.

Question 8. Squib Ltd. is a large creditworthy company operating in the Kashmir Valley. It is an export- oriented unit, dealing in exclusive embroidered shawls. The floods in the Valley have created many problems for the company. Many craftsmen and workers have been dislocated and raw material has been destroyed. The firm is therefore, unable to get an uninterrupted supply of raw materials and the duration of the production cycle has also increased. To add to the problems of the organisation, the suppliers of raw materials who were earlier selling on credit are asking the company for advance payment or cash payment on delivery. The company is facing a liquidity crisis. The CEO of the company feels that taking a bank loan is the only option with the company to meet its short-term shortage of cash. As a finance manager of the company, name and explain the alternative to bank borrowings that the company can use to resolve the crisis. (CBSE, Sample Paper 2016) Answer: Commercial Papers may be used by Squib Ltd. as it is a popular short term instrument which is issued by large and credit worthy companies. The instrument is an unsecured promissory note and is freely transferable by endorsement. Its maturity period may range from a fortnight to a year. It is sold at discount and redeemed at par.

Question 9. Mr. Sanjay Nehra was the Chairman of Taran Bank. The bank was earning good profits. Shareholders were happy as the bank was paying regular dividends. The market price of their shares was also steadily rising. The bank was about to announce taking over the ‘Vena Bank.’ Mr. Sanjay Nehra knew that the share price of Taran Bank would rise on this announcement. Being a part of the bank, he was not allowed to buy shares of the bank. He called one of his rich friends Sudhir and asked him to invest Rs.5 crores in shares of his bank promising him the capital gains. As expected, the share prices went up by 40% and the market price of Sudhir’s shares was now ? 7 crores. He earned a profit of Rs. 2 crores. He gave Rs. 1 crore to Mr. Sanjay Nehra and kept Rs. 1 crore with himself. On regular inspection and by conducting enquiries of the brokers involved, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was able to detect this irregularity. The SEBI imposed a heavy penalty on Mr. Sanjay Nehra. By quoting the lines from the above paragraph, identify and state any two functions that were performed by SEBI in the above case Answer: The two functions performed by SEBI in the given case are stated below:

• Regulatory function is being performed by SEBI: “On regular inspection and by conducting inquires of the brokers involved.”
• Protective function is performed by SEBI: “The SEBI imposed a heavy penalty on Mr. Sanjay Nehra.”

Question 10. Mr. Vikas Mehra was the Chairman of IBM Bank. The bank was earning good profits. Shareholders were happy as the bank was paying regular dividends. The market price of their shares was also steadily rising. The bank was about to announce the taking over of ‘UK Bank’. Mr. Vikas Mehra knew that the share price of IBM Bank, would rise on this announcement. Being a part of the bank, he was not allowed to buy shares of the bank. He called one of his rich friends Mukand and asked him to invest Rs. 4 crores in the shares of his bank promising him the capital gains. As expected, after the announcement, the share prices went up by 50% and the market price of Mukand’s shares was now Rs. 6 crores. Mukand earned a profit of Rs. 2 crores. He gave Rs. 1 crore to Vikas Mehra and kept Rs. 1 crore with him. On regular inspection and by conducting enquiries of the brokers involved, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was able to detect this irregularity. SEBI imposed a heavy penalty on Vikas Mehra. Quoting lines from the above paragraph, identify and state any two functions performed by the SEBI in the above case. (CBSE, OD 2016) Answer: The two functions performed by SEBI in the given case are stated below:

• Regulatory function is being performed by SEBI: “on regular inspection and conducting inquires of the brokers involved.”
• Protective function is performed by SEBI: “The SEBI imposed heavy penalty on Mr.Vikas Mehra.”

Question 11. Supriya’s grandmother who, was unwell, called her and gave her a gift packet. Supriya opened the packet and saw many crumpled share certificates inside. Her grandmother told her that they had been left behind by her late grandfather. As no trading is now done in physical form, Supriya wants to know the process by adopting which she is in a position to deal with these certificates.

• Identify and state the process.
• Also, give two reasons to Supriya why dealing with shares in physical form has been stopped. (CBSE, Sample Paper 2015)
• Dematerialisation refers to the process of holding securities in electronic form.
• When the shares certificates are held in physical form, there is danger of loss or theft.
• There is risk of forgery, as the buyer may be delivered fake certificates .

Question 12. Mission Coach Ltd. is a large creditworthy company that manufactures coaches for the Indian Railways. It now wants to export these coaches to other countries and decides to invest in new hi-tech machines. Since the investment is large, it requires long-term finance. It decides to raise funds by issuing equity shares. The issue of equity shares involves huge floatation cost. To meet the expenses of floatation cost, the company decides to tap the money market.

• Name and explain the money-market instrument the company can use for the above purpose.
• What is the duration for which the company can get funds through this instrument?
• State any other purpose for which this instrument can be used. (CBSE, OD 2015)
• Commercial Papers can be used for Bridge financing by Mission Coach Ltd. as it is issued by large and credit worthy companies. The instrument is in the form of an unsecured promissory note and is freely transferable by endorsement. It is sold at discount and redeemed at par.
• Its maturity period may range from a fortnight to a year.
• It is also used to meet the short term seasonal and working capital requirements of a business enterprise.

Question 13. Ganesh Steel Ltd. is a large and creditworthy company that manufactures steel for the Indian market. It now wants to cater to the Asian market and decides to invest in new hi-tech machines. Since the investment is large, it requires long-term finance. It decides to raise funds by issuing equity shares. The issue of equity shares involves huge floatation cost. To meet the expenses of floatation cost, the company decides to tap the money market.

• State any other purpose for which this instrument can be used. (CBSE, Delhi 2015)
• Commercial Papers can be used for Bridge financing by Ganesh Steel Ltd. as they are issued by large and credit worthy companies. The instrument is in the form of an unsecured promissory note and is freely transferable by endorsement. It is sold at discount and redeemed at par.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Question 1. Incorporated in 1990, Raju Dairy Ltd., is one of the leading manufacturers and marketers of dairy-based branded foods in India. In the initial years, its operations were restricted only to collection and distribution of milk. But, over the years it has gained a reasonable market share by offering a diverse range of dairy based products including fresh milk, flavoured yogurt, ice creams, butter milk, cheese, ghee, milk powders etc. In order to raise capital to finance its expansion plans, Raju Dairy Ltd. has decided to approach capital market through a mix of Offer for sale of Rs. 4 crore shares and a public issue of Rs. 2 crore shares. In context of the above case:

• Name and explain the segment of capital market being approached by the company.
• Identify the two methods of floatation used by the company to raise the required capital. Give one difference between them.
• Primary market is the segment of capital market being approached by the company. It is also known as the new issue market as the securities are issued for the first time by the companies through this market.
• The two methods of floatation used by the company to raise the required capital are – Issue through prospectus and Offer for sale. In case of issue through prospectus, the company approaches the members of the general public directly by issuing a prospectus whereas in case of Offer for sale, the company approaches members of the general public indirectly through intermediaries like issuing houses, stock brokers etc.

Question 2. The SEBI has imposed a penalty of Rs. 7,269.5 crore on Pearls Agrotech Corporation Limited (PACL) and its four directors — Tarlochan Singh, Sukhdev Singh, Gurmeet Singh and Subrata Bhattacharya who had mobilised funds from the general public through illegal collective investment schemes in the name of purchase and development of agriculture land. While imposing the penalty, the biggest in its history, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) said the company deserved “maximum penalty” for duping the common man. Its Prevention of Fraudulent and Unfair Trade Practices Regulations provides for “severe to severe penalties” for dealing with such violations. As per SEBI norms, it can impose a penalty of Rs. 25 crore or three times of the profit made by indulging in fraudulent and unfair trade practices and in the present case, the regulator has imposed a fine equivalent to three times of the illicit gains. In the context of the above case:

• State the objectives of setting up SEBI.
• Identify the type of function performed by SEBI by quoting lines from the paragraph.
• To prevent trading malpractice in the securities markets.
• Protective function is performed by SEBI: “The SEBI has imposed a penalty of Rs. 7,269.5 crore on Pearls Agrotech Corporation Limited.”

Question 3. Harsh works as a manager in a software company. He opened a Demat account with a broking house in order to trade in securities with the money he received as his first performance bonus. Since then he has been very active in stock trading under the guidance of a stock broker. However, when he was hospitalised for a few days this year, his wife received several calls from the his stock broker for permission to transact on Harsh’s behalf. Though she told him to wait till her husband had recovered, the stock broker went ahead and executed the transactions. When Harsh got home from hospital, he discovered that the unauthorised transactions had led to a loss for him. Harsh complained to the broking house, but they claimed he had authorised the transactions. Keeping in view, the guidelines issued by the National Stock Exchange that he had read in the national newspaper Harsh demanded proof and threatened to file a complain. Since, the broking house had no evidence that the deals had been authorised they made good the loss that Harsh had incurred due to the transactions. In the context of the above case:

• What is a Demat account?
• Who is acting as the depository participant for Harsh?
• Name the document that is legally enforceable and helps to settle the claims between the investor and the broker.
• A Demat account is an account used for holding securities in electronic form.
• The Broking house is acting as the depository participant for Harsh.
• A contract note is a legally enforceable document that helps to settle the claims between the investor and the broker.

Question 4. Make Good Technologies Ltd. is one of the top suppliers of security software products and solutions in India with a market share of over 20% in the retail segment. Its customers includes people all sections of the society i.e. both households and corporates. Its unique threat detection system works to detect security threats including virus attacks in real time to protect users’ IT assets across varied platforms and devices. The company has an established track record of growth and financial performance. At present the company operates only through its website. The company now intends to launch a range of computer accessories and plans to market it by opening its own retail outlets. So, the board of directors of the company have decided to only raise capital for the first time through an issue of shares, but at the same time they do not wish to get into the hassles of launching a public issue of shares. In context of the above case:

• Name and explain the way through which the company can raise finance by allotting securities to selective individuals and institutions only.
• Can the company also raise capital through a right issue? Why or why not? Give a reason to justify your answer.
• The company can raise finance by allotting securities to selective individuals and institutions only through Private Placement. It is a relatively economical way of raising money as it helps to save time, cost and money involved in the process of issuing securities.
• No, the company cannot raise capital through a right issue as it is issuing securities for the first time. A rights issue is a pre-emptive right given only to the existing shareholders to subscribe to the securities of the company as per its terms and conditions.

Question 5. After doing a course in online trading, Arsh started an online portal for stock trading under the name ‘Investment Guru’. He met his school friend Ajay after a long time in a bank where Ajay had come to open a D-Mat account. Arsh urged Ajay to invest in the forthcoming IPO of a blue chip companies whereas Ajay was inclined to buy existing securities of the other companies to build his investment portfolio. In context of the above case:

• Identify the two different types of capital market being referred to by quoting lines from the para.
• State any four differences between the two different types of capital markets as identified in part (1).
• Primary Market: “Arsh urged Ajay to invest in the forthcoming IPO of a blue chip companies.”
• Secondary Market: “Ajay was inclined to buy existing securities of the other companies to build his investment portfolio.”

Question 6. Ketan won a cash prize of Rs. 20,000 in the National level Robotics Competition. On the advise of his father, he visits a nearby bank to open a Fixed deposit account in his name with the prize money. His sister Suhasini accompanied him to the bank. On reaching the bank, he notices big banners which are placed within the premises containing information about the various arrangements through which corporates may raise their capital through the bank. Being a finance graduate, Suhasini explains to Ketan that banks play the role of the financial intermediary by helping in the process of channelizing the savings of the households into the most profitable business ventures. In context of the above case: .

• Name another financial intermediary that helps in the process of channelizing the savings of the households into the most productive use.
• Also, outline any two functions of another financial intermediary as identified in part (1).
• Financial markets is the other financial intermediary that helps in the process of channelizing the savings of the households into the most productive use.
• It provides liquidity to the financial assets by providing ready markets wherein the securities can be converted into cash or vice versa easily.

Question 7. Ragu works as a waiter in a five star hotel in Mumbai. While serving the customer he overhears him at the table saying that the he has made profits higher than expected by investing in securities market. So, Ragu also decides to make a nominal investment from his savings in the stock market in pursuit of higher gains. In context of the above case: As a financial consultant, apprise him of the steps involved in the working of a Demat system. Answer: Ragu will have to initiate the following steps for trading through a Demat system:

• He will have to first open a Demat account with a depository participant (DP) who may either be a bank, broker or financial services company by furnishing certain details and information about himself including PAN number, date of birth, bank account details, income details etc.
• If he plans to buy shares through a public offer he will have to give details of his Demat account, bank account etc. On allotment the shares will be directly credited to his account.
• If he decides to buy shares otherwise, he will have to instruct his broker with the details about the name of the company, number of shares, price etc. The transaction will be executed through the depository participant and he will have to make payment for them within T + 2 days.
• On contrary, whenever he decides to sell shares, he will have to instruct his broker with the details about the name of the company, number of shares, price etc. The transaction will be executed through the depository participant and his account will be debited accordingly. He will receive the payment in T + 2 days.

Question 8. The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is Asia’s first stock exchange and the world’s 11th largest stock exchange. It became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. Its automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-Line Trading (BOLT) had a capacity of 8 million orders per day. The BSE has also introduced a centralized exchange-based internet trading system, BSEWEBx.co.in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform. In context of the above case:

• Name the organisation that regulates the working of stock exchanges in India.
• State any three functions performed by stock exchanges.
• Give any two advantages of screen-based trading.
• Securities And Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates the working of stock exchanges in India.
• As the investors get access to the stock market during real time, there is complete transparency in the dealings.

Question 9. Ragunath Ahuja is one of the Promoter-Director of Vishwas Ltd. The company is engaged in the real estate sector, which has recently witnessed a steady fall in its revenue and the value of its assets due to a downward trend persisting in the market in specific and the economy in general. The periodical financial results of the company were to be declared in a fortnight time. Ragunath Ahuja, being an insider, had access to unpublished price sensitive information related to it. Consequently, he sells a major portion of his holdings in an anticipation of a fall in the market price of the shares of the Company subsequent to the announcement of periodical financial results of the company. Moreover, he doesn’t inform The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) about the dealings. On conducting a probe, Securities and Exchange Board Of India (SEBI) finds Ragunath Ahuja guilty of insider trading. As per law, company directors, officials or any individual with a stake of 10% or more in the company are considered to be insiders and they are required to report their insider transactions within two business days of the date the transaction occurred. In context of the above case:

• State the purpose of setting up SEBI.
• The market intermediaries in order to provide them a framework so as to enable them perform their functions effectively and efficiently.
• Regulatory function is being performed by SEBI: “On conducting a probe Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) finds Ragunath Ahuja guilty of insider trading.”

Question 10. Sumita is a professor in a reputed business institute. While explaining the procedure of stock exchange trading, she shared with her students that many years back she had bought 200 shares of a leading automobiles company. As per the settlement procedure she paid for the shares and received the share certificates in physical form. However, when she had sent those certificates to the company to get them endorsed in her name, she was informed by the company that those certificates were duplicate. Therefore, in order to protect the investors from many such malpractices, now only screen-based trading is done and dematerialisation is compulsory. In context of the above case:

• What is screen based trading?
• Give the meaning of ‘dematerialisation’. State any two of its advantages.
• Screen-based trading refers to the process of buying or selling securities online.
• The securities in the demat account can be offered as security to raise loans.
• Since the shares certificates are not held in physical form, there is no danger of loss, theft or forgery.

Question 11. Madhav’s is one of the India’s most trusted brands in Indian sweets and snacks segment. The company has manufacturing plants in Kota, Kanpur, New Delhi, and Mumbai. Madhav’s has its own retail chain stores and a range of restaurants in these cities. Now, the company plans to extend its business in 12 more cities in India. In order to raise the funds, its directors have decided to float a public issue through prospectus. Besides, it intends to raise money to meet the floatation costs in terms of brokerage, underwriting commission, advertising etc. In context of the above case:

• What is the other name used for the funds required to meet floatation costs?
• Describe briefly the short term instrument popularly used by the companies to raise for the funds required to meet floatation costs. Who can issue them?
• Distinguish between the two types of financial markets that the company intends to approach to meet its financial needs.
• Bridge financing is the other name used for the funds required to meet floatation costs.
• Commercial Papers issued by large and credit worthy companies. The instrument is in the form of an unsecured promissory note and is freely transferable by endorsement. It is sold at discount and redeemed at par. Its maturity period may range from a fortnight to a year. It is also used to meet the short term seasonal and working capital requirements of a business enterprise. For example it is used for the purpose of bridge financing.

Question 12. During navratras ,Varun finalises a deal to buy a new house. So, he visits a nearby branch of ‘Subh Bank’ to withdraw Rs. 10 lakhs from his account in order to pay the token money to the seller. In the bank he observes that a large number of customers are present to make cash with drawls, probably because it is an auspicious time to make purchases. After sometime, he overhearsone of the bank staff members telling his colleague that, “Today ‘Subh Bank’ is likely to fall short of cash and to make up for the deficit and maintain its cash reserve ratio it will have to approach another bank.” In context of the above case:

• Identify the instrument that ‘Subh Bank’ will use to meet its short term requirements of funds.
• State any three feature of the instrument as identified in part (1).
• Call money is the instrument used by ‘Subh Bank’ to meet its short term requirements of funds.
• Call money is an instrument through which one bank may borrow money from another bank to maintain the cash reserve ratio as per the guidelines of RBI.
• Its maturity period may be from a single day to a fortnight.
• The rate at which the interest is paid on call money is called call rate.

Question 13. The stock market regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), has initiated a certification programme for all market intermediaries. Under this programme, people associated with stock markets in any way, will have to obtain a qualifying certificate from the regulator.The National Institute of Securities Market (NISM), a trust formed by SEBI, is tasked with the certification programme. In the context of the above case:

• Identify the type of function performed by SEBI.
• Outline any two reasons for setting up SEBI.
• Developmental function is being carried out by SEBI by starting a certification programme for all market intermediaries.
• To curb malpractices in the financial market.
• To enhance the confidence of the investors by ensuring fair, efficient and transparent dealings.

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