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International Law Research Paper Topics

This page presents a comprehensive collection of international law research paper topics , curated to aid students studying law in their research endeavors. International law is a multifaceted field with diverse areas of study, and this page aims to provide students with an extensive list of topics that can serve as a foundation for their research papers. By exploring these topics, students can delve into various aspects of international law, such as human rights, criminal law, environmental law, trade law, and humanitarian law, among others. This page also offers insights into how to choose compelling international law research paper topics, tips on writing a coherent and impactful paper, and highlights the custom international law research paper writing services provided by iResearchNet. The ultimate goal is to empower students to embark on an enriching and successful academic journey in the realm of international law research.

100 International Law Research Paper Topics

International law encompasses a vast array of subjects, reflecting the intricate and interconnected nature of global affairs. As students of law, exploring these topics can open new horizons and deepen their understanding of how international legal frameworks shape our world. This comprehensive list presents 10 categories, each comprising 10 diverse and thought-provoking international law research paper topics. Whether you are interested in human rights, environmental protection, trade regulations, or armed conflicts, these topics offer a wealth of opportunities for academic exploration and intellectual growth.

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The Universality of Human Rights: A Global Perspective
Human Rights and Armed Conflicts: Challenges and Protections
Gender Equality and Women’s Rights in International Law
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Promoting Human Rights
Freedom of Speech and Expression in the Digital Age
Human Rights Violations and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Children’s Rights and Child Protection Laws Internationally
The Right to Asylum: Refugee Protection and International Law
Combating Human Trafficking: International Legal Frameworks
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Cultural Heritage Preservation
Climate Change and Global Efforts for Environmental Protection
Biodiversity Conservation and the Convention on Biological Diversity
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environmental Justice
Transboundary Pollution and International Liability
The Role of International Courts and Tribunals in Environmental Disputes
The Precautionary Principle in International Environmental Law
Oceans Governance and the Protection of Marine Resources
International Agreements on Wildlife Conservation and Endangered Species
Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Rights: Perspectives and Challenges
The Economics of Environmental Protection: Balancing Trade and Conservation
World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Multilateral Trading System
Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Regional Economic Integration
Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) Mechanisms in Trade Agreements
Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade
Trade and Labor Standards: Addressing Social Issues in Global Commerce
Environmental Protection in International Trade: Conflicts and Synergies
Trade Remedies: Anti-dumping, Countervailing, and Safeguard Measures
Trade Liberalization and Economic Development: Case Studies
Cross-Border E-Commerce and Digital Trade Regulations
Challenges of Trade in Services: Legal and Regulatory Perspectives
The International Criminal Court (ICC) and Its Role in Ending Impunity
Prosecuting War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: Legal Challenges
Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Prosecute
The Evolution of International Criminal Law: From Nuremberg to the ICC
The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction: Holding Perpetrators Accountable
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Post-Conflict Societies
The Role of the United Nations in Combating International Crimes
War Criminals and Refugees: The Intersection of Criminal and Migration Law
Cyberwarfare and the Application of International Criminal Law
Combating Terrorism: Legal Approaches and Human Rights Concerns
The Geneva Conventions and the Protection of War Victims
Targeted Killings and Drones: The Legal Challenges of Modern Warfare
The Principle of Proportionality in Armed Conflicts
War Crimes and Accountability in Non-International Armed Conflicts
The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflicts
Autonomous Weapons and the Ethics of Lethal Autonomous Systems (LAS)
The Role of National Courts in Prosecuting War Crimes
The Humanitarian Impact of Economic Sanctions and Trade Embargoes
Children in Armed Conflicts: From Recruitment to Rehabilitation
Humanitarian Assistance and the Challenges of Providing Aid in Conflict Zones
Comparative Constitutional Law: Analyzing Different Legal Systems and Their Impact on Global Governance
The Role of International Law in Shaping Domestic Constitutions
Constitutional Design and State Building in Post-Conflict Societies
Human Rights and Constitutional Protections: Assessing the Impact of International Treaties
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law: Ensuring Effective Governance in International Relations
Judicial Independence and the Enforcement of Constitutional Rights in International Contexts
The Impact of International Institutions on National Constitutions
The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age: Balancing National Security and Civil Liberties
Federalism and the Division of Powers in Constitutional Design
The Role of Constitutional Courts in Protecting Democratic Principles
Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: Legal and Regulatory Challenges
International Commercial Arbitration: Enforcement and Recognition of Awards
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Multinational Corporations
Foreign Investment Protection and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)
International Contract Law and Choice of Law Clauses
Dispute Resolution in International Trade: Litigation vs. Arbitration
Intellectual Property Rights and International Business Transactions
International Trade Law and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Corporate Governance and Compliance in International Business
Environmental and Social Responsibility in International Business
Double Taxation Treaties: Legal Implications and Challenges
Transfer Pricing and Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)
Tax Havens and Their Impact on Global Taxation
Taxation of Digital Economy and E-commerce Transactions
Taxation of Multinational Corporations: Fairness and Equity Concerns
Tax Avoidance vs. Tax Evasion: Legal Distinctions and Consequences
Taxation of Foreign Source Income and Territorial vs. Worldwide Tax Systems
Developing Countries and International Taxation: Bridging the Gap
The Role of International Organizations in Shaping Global Tax Policies
Addressing Tax Challenges Arising from the COVID-19 Pandemic
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Its Implementation
Maritime Boundaries and Dispute Resolution in the South China Sea
Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and Marine Resource Management
Freedom of Navigation and Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean
Environmental Protection in the High Seas: Addressing Pollution and Overfishing
Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: Legal Responses and Jurisdictional Challenges
Submarine Cables and Cybersecurity in International Waters
The Role of International Tribunals in Resolving Maritime Disputes
Deep Sea Mining and the Regulation of Exploitation of Marine Resources
Indigenous Rights and Traditional Knowledge in Marine Conservation
Diplomatic Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in International Relations
The Role of Mediation in Resolving International Disputes
International Arbitration: Institutional Frameworks and Best Practices
The Use of Force and Armed Conflict: Legal Perspectives on Peacekeeping
Compliance with International Court Judgments and Decisions
The Settlement of Territorial Disputes: Case Studies and Legal Approaches
The Role of Non-State Actors in International Conflict Resolution
The Legality of Targeted Sanctions and Economic Coercion
The Use of International Courts and Tribunals in Human Rights Disputes
The Role of Regional Organizations in Conflict Mediation and Resolution

In conclusion, the field of international law offers a vast array of research topics that delve into critical global issues, ranging from human rights and environmental protection to trade and business regulations. Scholars and students of law can explore the complexities of international relations, the challenges of cross-border disputes, and the ever-evolving legal frameworks that shape the international community. The comprehensive list of international law research paper topics provided above serves as a starting point for students to delve deeper into their areas of interest and contribute to the understanding and development of international law. Through diligent research and critical analysis, they can further advance the principles of justice, equality, and cooperation on the global stage.

Exploring the Range of International Law Research Paper Topics

International law is a complex and dynamic field that governs the interactions between nations and other actors in the global community. As a crucial component of the global legal system, international law encompasses a diverse range of topics that have significant implications for peace, security, human rights, trade, and cooperation among nations. Researching international law research paper topics offers students a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of international relations, diplomatic relations, and the role of international organizations in promoting peace and stability.

The Sources of International Law : This topic explores the various sources of international law, including treaties, customary international law, general principles of law, and decisions of international courts and tribunals. Students can investigate the hierarchy of these sources and their application in resolving disputes between states.
International Human Rights Law : This area of international law deals with the protection and promotion of human rights on a global scale. Research topics may cover issues like the role of international human rights organizations, the enforcement of human rights treaties, and the impact of human rights violations on international relations.
International Humanitarian Law : Also known as the law of armed conflict or the law of war, this branch of international law governs the conduct of parties during armed conflicts. Students can explore topics such as the protection of civilians in armed conflicts, the use of force in self-defense, and the prosecution of war crimes.
International Environmental Law : With growing concerns about climate change and environmental degradation, international environmental law has become increasingly relevant. Research topics may include international agreements on climate change, biodiversity conservation, and the responsibility of states for transboundary environmental harm.
International Criminal Law : This field focuses on the prosecution of individuals for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Students can investigate the role of international criminal tribunals, the challenges of obtaining evidence in international cases, and the pursuit of justice for victims of international crimes.
International Trade Law : International trade is essential for global economic development and cooperation. Research topics in this area may cover international trade agreements, dispute settlement mechanisms in trade disputes, and the impact of trade policies on developing nations.
Law of the Sea : This branch of international law governs the use and protection of the world’s oceans and resources. Students can explore topics such as the rights and responsibilities of states in their maritime zones, the protection of marine biodiversity, and the resolution of disputes over territorial waters.
International Investment Law : As globalization continues to shape economic relationships, international investment law has gained prominence. Research topics may include the regulation of foreign direct investment, investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms, and the balance between investor rights and host state regulatory powers.
International Arbitration and Mediation : International dispute resolution is essential for maintaining peaceful relations among states. Students can explore topics such as the effectiveness of international arbitration and mediation in resolving conflicts, the role of international organizations in facilitating dispute resolution, and the enforcement of arbitral awards.
Cybersecurity and International Law : With the rise of cyber threats and cyber warfare, international law has grappled with issues of cyber sovereignty, cyber espionage, and the application of existing legal principles to cyberspace. Research topics may delve into the challenges of attributing cyber-attacks, the development of international norms for responsible state behavior in cyberspace, and the protection of human rights in the digital age.

In conclusion, international law offers a vast array of research paper topics that reflect the complexities and challenges of the global legal landscape. As students delve into these topics, they gain a deeper understanding of the intricacies of international relations, human rights, trade, and conflict resolution. Exploring the multifaceted nature of international law research allows students to critically analyze the role of law in shaping the conduct of states and the broader international community, fostering a deeper appreciation for the significance of international law in today’s interconnected world.

How to Choose International Law Research Paper Topics

Selecting a compelling and relevant research paper topic is essential to the success of any academic endeavor. In the context of international law, choosing the right research topic requires careful consideration of various factors that can shape the scope and impact of the research. Whether you are a law student, an aspiring international lawyer, or a researcher interested in global legal issues, the following guide provides valuable insights on how to choose international law research paper topics that are engaging, insightful, and contribute meaningfully to the field of international law.

Identify Your Area of Interest : International law is a vast and diverse field encompassing numerous sub-disciplines, including human rights law, environmental law, international trade law, and more. Start by identifying your specific area of interest within international law. Reflect on the subjects that intrigue you the most and the issues you are passionate about. This will serve as the foundation for selecting a research topic that resonates with your academic and professional aspirations.
Stay Abreast of Current Developments : International law is constantly evolving to address contemporary global challenges and opportunities. Keeping up to date with current international legal developments, landmark cases, and significant treaties and agreements can provide valuable inspiration for research topics. Consider exploring emerging issues and debates in the field, as these can offer unique opportunities for original research and innovative insights.
Analyze Relevant Legal Frameworks : International law operates within a complex web of legal frameworks, including treaties, conventions, and customary international law. Analyzing these legal sources can help you identify gaps, contradictions, or areas where further research is needed. Topics that delve into the interpretation and application of international legal instruments can add depth and value to your research.
Consider Timeliness and Relevance : A relevant and timely research topic is more likely to capture the attention of readers and contribute to ongoing discussions in the field. Consider the significance of your chosen topic in the context of current global events, policy debates, or emerging challenges. Topics that address pressing international issues, such as climate change, human rights violations, or cybersecurity threats, can have a significant impact on both academic and policy circles.
Review Existing Literature : Conduct a thorough literature review to understand the existing body of research on your chosen topic. This will help you identify gaps in the literature that you can explore in your research. Additionally, reviewing existing studies can provide insights into the methodologies and approaches used by other researchers, informing your own research design.
Balance Complexity and Feasibility : While it is essential to select a topic that reflects the complexities of international law, it is equally important to ensure that your research is feasible within the scope and limitations of your academic assignment or project. Avoid overly broad or ambitious topics that may be challenging to address comprehensively within the available time and resources.
Consult with Professors and Experts : Seek guidance and advice from your professors, academic advisors, or experts in the field of international law. They can provide valuable insights into potential research topics, relevant literature, and methodologies. Engaging in discussions with experienced scholars can help refine your research question and add depth to your analysis.
Focus on Practical Implications : Consider the practical implications of your research topic in the real world. How might your findings impact international relations, legal practices, or policymaking? Research that offers practical solutions to global challenges or sheds light on pressing legal issues can have a more significant impact on the field of international law.
Address Controversial Issues : International law often involves contentious and complex topics that evoke strong opinions and debates. Embracing controversial issues can lead to thought-provoking research that challenges existing norms and perceptions. However, ensure that you approach such topics with sensitivity and a commitment to unbiased analysis.
Conduct a Preliminary Study : Before finalizing your research topic, conduct a preliminary study to gather relevant information and assess the availability of data and resources. This will help you determine whether your chosen topic is viable and whether you can access the necessary materials to conduct a comprehensive study.

In conclusion, choosing the right international law research paper topic is a critical step in producing a successful and impactful piece of academic work. By identifying your area of interest, staying informed about current developments, analyzing legal frameworks, and considering the timeliness and relevance of your topic, you can select a research question that is both intellectually stimulating and practically significant. Engage with existing literature, seek guidance from experts, and balance the complexity and feasibility of your research to ensure a rewarding and insightful exploration of international law issues.

How to Write an International Law Research Paper

Writing an international law research paper requires careful planning, rigorous research, and a structured approach to presenting your arguments and findings. Whether you are a law student or a seasoned researcher, mastering the art of academic writing in the field of international law is essential to communicate your ideas effectively and contribute to the broader legal discourse. This section provides a comprehensive guide on how to write an international law research paper, from choosing a suitable research question to crafting a well-organized and persuasive paper.

Define Your Research Question : The first step in writing an international law research paper is to define a clear and focused research question. Your research question should be specific, relevant, and aligned with your area of interest within international law. It should address a significant legal issue or gap in the literature and demonstrate your research objectives.
Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Before diving into your research, conduct a comprehensive literature review to understand the existing scholarship on your chosen topic. This will help you identify key debates, theoretical frameworks, and gaps in the literature that your research can address. A strong literature review serves as the foundation for your research paper and provides context for your study.
Develop a Well-Structured Outline : Organize your research paper with a clear and logical structure. Create an outline that includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, main body sections, analysis of findings, and conclusion. Each section should flow seamlessly into the next, guiding the reader through your research process.
Craft a Compelling Introduction : The introduction sets the tone for your research paper and should capture the reader’s attention. Start with a hook or a thought-provoking question related to your research topic. Provide background information on the issue at hand and clearly state your research question and objectives. Conclude the introduction with a strong thesis statement that outlines the main argument of your paper.
Conduct Rigorous Research : International law research papers require a robust research methodology. Depending on your research question, you may use various methods, such as legal analysis, case studies, empirical research, or comparative analysis. Ensure that you use credible and authoritative sources for your research and cite them properly using the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
Analyze and Present Your Findings : In the main body of your research paper, present your findings and analyze them in-depth. Use a clear and coherent structure to present your arguments and evidence. Use relevant case law, treaties, and legal principles to support your analysis and draw well-reasoned conclusions.
Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge and address counterarguments to your research findings. Demonstrating that you have considered opposing viewpoints and providing a thoughtful rebuttal strengthens the credibility and persuasiveness of your research.
Consider Policy Implications : In international law, research often has practical implications for policymakers and legal practitioners. Discuss the potential policy implications of your findings and offer recommendations for addressing the legal issue at hand. This demonstrates the real-world relevance of your research.
Maintain a Cohesive Writing Style : Use clear and concise language throughout your research paper. Avoid jargon and technical terms that may confuse the reader. Maintain a cohesive writing style, ensuring that each paragraph and section contributes to the overall argument of your paper.
Write a Strong Conclusion : The conclusion is your opportunity to summarize your key findings, restate your thesis statement, and highlight the significance of your research. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and instead, focus on leaving the reader with a lasting impression of your research’s importance and potential impact.
Edit and Revise : After completing your first draft, take the time to edit and revise your research paper. Check for clarity, coherence, grammar, and proper citation. Consider seeking feedback from peers or professors to gain valuable insights and improve the overall quality of your paper.
Review Formatting and Citations : Ensure that your research paper adheres to the required formatting guidelines, such as font size, margins, and line spacing. Double-check your citations and references to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

By following these steps and guidelines, you can craft a well-structured, persuasive, and impactful international law research paper. Remember to approach your research with curiosity and dedication, as it is through thorough exploration and analysis that you can make meaningful contributions to the field of international law.

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Expert Degree-Holding Writers : Our team of writers consists of legal experts with advanced degrees in international law. They have a deep understanding of the complexities of the subject and possess the expertise to deliver well-researched and meticulously crafted research papers.
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private international law research paper topics

Current Research in Private International Law

The virtual workshop series “Current Research in Private International Law" is organised by Prof. Dr. Ralf Michaels and Michael Cremer. The series features guest speakers and Institute staff members who present and discuss their work on current developments and research topics in private international law. The workshops are geared to scholars who are researching in the field of private international law, but attendance is open to all individuals having an academic interest (including doctoral candidates and students).

Bettina Heiderhoff: Schnittstellen zwischen Migrationsrecht und Internationalem Familienrecht

Date: Apr 9, 2024
Time: 11:00 AM (Local Time Germany)
Location: online

Marta Pertegás Sender (Maastricht University and University of Antwerp): Current Developments in Cross-Border Enforcement of Patent Rights: Revisiting Territoriality and Reflexive Effect?

Date: Mar 5, 2024

Heinz-Peter Mansel: Ausgewählte kollisionsrechtliche Fragen des Lieferkettenrechts

Date: Feb 6, 2024

Jie (Jeanne) Huang (University of Sydney Law School): Can Private Parties Contract out of the Hague Service Convention?

Date: Jan 9, 2024

Mary Keyes (Griffith University Brisbane): Trends in Australian Private International Law

Date: Dec 7, 2023
Time: 10:00 AM (Local Time Germany)

Christine Budzikiewicz: Der Vorschlag zur Schaffung eines europäischen Elternschaftszertifikats

Date: Nov 7, 2023

Diego Fernández Arroyo (Sciences Po Law School): Transnational Commercial Arbitration as Private International Law Feature

Date: Oct 10, 2023

Chris Thomale (Universität Wien): Die Sitztheorie zwischen Anknüpfungsmoment und Inlandsbezug

Date: Sep 19, 2023
Time: 05:00 PM (Local Time Germany)

Robert Freitag (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg): Die überfällige Reform des Internationalen Namensrechts in Deutschland

Date: Jul 4, 2023
Time: 02:00 PM (Local Time Germany)

Holger Spamann (Harvard Law School): Law Matters – Less Than We Thought. Or: Do Judges Actually Follow Conflict of Law Directives?

Date: Jun 6, 2023

Online Panel: Grundrechte und IPR nach der BVerfG-Entscheidung zum KinderEheBG

Date: May 8, 2023
Time: 03:00 PM - 05:00 PM (Local Time Germany)

Wolfgang Hau (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München): Europäisches Gerichtsverfassungsrecht in Zivil- und Handelssachen – ein Werkstattbericht

Date: Apr 4, 2023

Dário Moura Vicente (University of Lisbon): Investment Arbitration – Lost in the Bermuda Triangle of EU Law, Public International Law and Private International Law?

Date: Mar 7, 2023

Tobias Helms (Philipps-Universität Marburg): Der Vorschlag der Europäischen Kommission für eine Verordnung zum Internationalen Abstammungsrecht vom 7.12.2022

Date: Feb 14, 2023

Guangjian Tu (University of Macau): China’s Ambition to Build up the Highland for International Commercial Litigation: Some Recent Attempts

Date: Jan 10, 2023

Christiane Wendehorst (University of Vienna): Kryptowerte im Internationalen Privatrecht

Date: Dec 6, 2022

Symeon C. Symeonides (Willamette University College of Law): Infringement of personality rights via the internet: Jurisdiction and applicable law

Date: Nov 1, 2022

Sabine Corneloup (Paris-Panthéon-Assas University): Migrants in Transit or Under Temporary Protection: How Can Private International Law Deal With Provisional (But Not Necessarily Short-Term) Presence?

Date: Oct 4, 2022

Hisashi Harata (University of Tokyo): Foreign-Corporation Regulations and Private International Law: With a Case Study on Derivative Action

Date: Sep 20, 2022

Brigitta Lurger (Universität Graz): Internationale Rechtsdurchsetzung auf sozialen Netzwerken

Date: Jul 5, 2022

Rosario Espinosa Calabuig (University of Valencia): Sorority, Equality and Private International Law

Date: Jun 7, 2022

Kermit Roosevelt III (University of Pennsylvania): The Third Restatement of Conflict of Laws: Origins and Aspirations

Date: May 10, 2022

Erik Jayme (Heidelberg): Internationales Kunstrecht: Auflösungserscheinungen des klassischen IPR

Date: Apr 5, 2022

Geneviève Saumier (McGill University): Security for Costs and Access to Justice in Cross-Border Dispute Resolution

Date: Mar 1, 2022

Wolfgang Wurmnest (Universität Hamburg): Die internationale Zuständigkeit bei Klagen gegen Kartellrechtsverletzer – Auf der Suche nach klaren Prinzipen

Date: Feb 1, 2022

Zheng Sophia Tang (Wuhan University): Smart Court in Cross-Border Litigation

Date: Jan 4, 2022

Jan Lüttringhaus (Leibniz University Hannover): Cyber-Risiken und IPR: Haftung und Versicherung im grenzüberschreitenden Kontext

Date: Dec 7, 2021

Verónica Ruiz Abou-Nigm (University of Edinburgh): An Intercultural Paradigm for Private International Law

Date: Nov 2, 2021

Jürgen Basedow: Aufgabe und Methodenvielfalt des Internationalen Privatrechts im Wandel der Gesellschaft

Date: Oct 5, 2021

Yuko Nishitani (Kyoto University): Global Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility

Date: Sep 2, 2021

Hannah Buxbaum (Indiana University Maurer School of Law): Equivalence Regimes in Transnational Regulation: From Comparability to Convergence

Date: Jul 6, 2021
Time: 03:00 PM (Local Time Germany)

Tanja Domej (University of Zurich): Grenzüberschreitender kollektiver Rechtsschutz in der EU

Date: Jun 1, 2021

Marta Pertegás Sender (Maastricht University / University of Antwerp): Between Global and Regional Private International law – Seamless Transitions from Regulations to Conventions?

Date: May 4, 2021

Burkhard Hess (Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law): „Comparative Procedural Law and Justice – neue Wege in der Prozessrechtsvergleichung“

Date: Apr 6, 2021

Horatia Muir Watt (Sciences Po Law School): Capitalism’s Boundary Struggles: a Private International Law Approach

Date: Mar 2, 2021

Dagmar Coester-Waltjen: Von der Staatsangehörigkeits-Anknüpfung zur Berufung der lex loci celebrationis im internationalen Eheschließungs- und Partnerschaftsrecht?

Date: Feb 2, 2021

Maciej Szpunar (Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union): New challenges to the Territoriality of EU Law

Date: Jan 13, 2021

Marc-Philippe Weller (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg): Nationalismus, Territorialismus und Unilateralismus: Pandemiebewältigung durch IPR?

Date: Dec 1, 2020

Susanne Gössl (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel): Wer oder was bin ich überhaupt? - Zur Zukunft der Personalstatuts unter europäischen Einflüssen

Date: Nov 3, 2020

Anatol Dutta (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München): Familienrecht in der multikulturellen Gesellschaft

Date: Oct 6, 2020

Giesela Rühl: Auf dem Weg zu einem nationalen Lieferkettengesetz? Kollisionsrechtliche und rechtsvergleichende Überlegungen

Date: Sep 1, 2020

Eva-Maria Kieninger (Universität Würzburg): Internationale Zuständigkeit und anwendbares Recht bei Klimawandelklagen gegen Unternehmen

Date: Jul 7, 2020

Matthias Lehmann (Universität Bonn): COVID 19 und IPR/IZPR

Date: Jun 2, 2020

Legal Agreements on Smart Contract Platforms in European Systems of Private Law pp 321–389 Cite as

Private International Law

Jasper Verstappen 4
First Online: 24 June 2023

200 Accesses

Part of the book series: Law, Governance and Technology Series ((LGTS,volume 56))

The distributed nature of the technology under investigation means that any potential legal agreements that might exist on such platforms exist on the entire network simultaneously. This makes it challenging to determine which court has jurisdiction and which law that court should apply. These questions of private international law have been harmonized through Union legislation. This chapter explores the connecting factors provided by the European framework that answers these two questions. An outline of the impact of the technology on this European framework of private international law will provide an overview of the situations in which the technology might render the law less effective or even ineffective, and the situations in which the law will be effective. It will be shown that, at least as far as the determination of jurisdiction and applicable law is concerned, this European framework is quite capable of regulating legal agreement on smart contract platforms, with only small and quite detailed lacunas existing.

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Note that, at the time of writing, developments in relation to the impact of Brexit for the European private international law acquis with respect to the United Kingdom are unfolding in rapid succession. Some remarks on this, and the impact on this research will be made in the next paragraph.

See Sect. 1.6 .

European Commission, Communication from the European Commission Representing the European Union to the Swiss Federal Council as the Depositary of the 2007 Lugano Convention Concerning the application of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to accede the 2007 Lugano Convention (2007).

For an example that illustrates the complexity of the issues, as well as the intricacies of a proposed solution, see Arzandeh and Lehmann ( 2022 ).

Pertegás and Beaumont ( 2022 ), p. 91.

Van Loon ( 2011 ), p. 4; see for more Eyffinger ( 2019 ).

Amongst which are the Convention du 14 Novembre 1896 Relative a la Procédure Civile, the Convention du 12 Juin 1902 pour Régler les Conflits de Lois en Matiѐre de Mariage, the Convention du 12 Juin 1902 pour Régler les Conflits de Lois et de Juridictions en Matiѐre de Divorce et de Séparations de Corps, the Convention du 12 Juin 1902 Pour Régler la Tutelle des Mineurs, the Convention du 17 Julliet 1905 Relative à la Procédure Civile, and the Convention due 17 Julliet 1905 Concernant les Conflits de Lois Relatifs Aux Effets du Mariage sur les Droits et les Devoirs des Époux Dans Leurs Rapports Personnels et sur les Biens des Époux, Convention due 17 Juillet 1905 Concernant l’Interdiction et les Mesures de Protection Analogues.

Pertegás and Beaumont ( 2022 ), p. 92.

Muir Watt ( 2020 ), p. 79.

Resp. Article 4(1) and Article 6(1) of the Statute of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.

See article IIH(1) of the Rule of Procedure of the Hague Conference.

See Article IIIE of the Rules of Procedure of the Hague Conference; Pertegás and Beaumont 2022 , p. 98.

Article IIIE(1)a of the Rules of Procedure of the Hague Conference.

Article IIIE(1)b of the Rules of Procedure of the Hague Conference.

Article 7(1) of the Statute of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.

M. Saken, ‘Legal Docs and Chains of Blocks: transmitting and storing legal records via DLT’ in: HCCH a|Bridged: Innovation in Cross-Border Litigation and Civil Procedure -Edition 2019: The HCCH Service Convention in the Era of Electronic and Information Technology (HCCH 2019).

‘Conclusions and Recommendation’, 11th International Forum on the electronic Apostille Programme (e-APP), sec. 9, available at: https://assets.hcch.net/docs/f8318dff-2b48-4ed5-9db6-36ec52e9de91.pdf (last checked and found active on 02 Januari 2023).

Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, ‘Proposal for the Allocation of Resources to Follow Private International Law Implications relating to Developments in the Field of Distributed Ledger Technology, in particular in relation to Financial Technology’ (Prel. Doc. 28 of February 2020), no. 17–18.

Council on General Affairs and Policy of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, Conclusions & Decisions (3–6 March 2020), available online: https://www.hcch.net/en/news-archive/details/?varevent=726#:~:text=now%20available%20in-,English,-and%20French . (last checked and found active on 02 January 2023), no 33.

Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law,’Developments with respect to PIL implications of the digital economy, including DLT’ (prel. Doc. No 4 of November 2020), no. 15-29.

Council on General Affairs and Policy of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, Conclusions & Decisions (1-5 March 2021), available online: https://www.hcch.net/en/news-archive/details/?varevent=794#:~:text=now%20available%20in-,English,-and%20French . (last checked and found active 02 January 2023), no. 10.

Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law,’Developments with respect to PIL implications of the digital economy, including DLT’ (prel. Doc. No 4 of January 2022).

Council on General Affairs and Policy of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, Conclusions & Decisions (28 February–04 March 2022), available online: https://assets.hcch.net/docs/e4f07d85-7a2e-4105-970c-1bd93ea6186d.pdf (last checked and found active on 02 Januar 2023), no. 14.

HCCH CODIFI Conference, 12-16 September 2022; see especially the Digital Economy Frameworks Track and the Digital Economy Relationships Track, programme available here: https://www.hcch.net/en/projects/post-convention-projects/hcch-codifi-conference#:~:text=Draft%20Conference%20Programme%20and%20Meeting%20Link (last checked and found active 02 January 2023).

See for alternative point of view, albeit in a broader context, Svantesson ( 2020 ).

The private international law question that will not be covered in this research is the enforcement-question. The scope of this research is limited to formation, interpretation, and vitiation of smart contracts. This means that, contrary to matters of applicable law and jurisdiction, the enforcement-question is outside the sphere of focus for this research.

Jenard P, Report on the Convention of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (1979) OJ C59/1 (‘Jenard Report’).

Case C-281/02 Andrew Owusu v NB Jackson, trading as ‘Villa Holidays Bal-inn Villas’ and others (2005) ECR I-01383.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), pp. 32–23.

Case C-327/10 Hypoteční banka a.s. v Udo Mike Lindner (2011) ECR I-11543, par. 31 et seq.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 34.

Remien ( 2016 ), p. 90; Kropholler ( 2006 ), p. 114.

Remien ( 2016 ), p. 90.

See recital 7 of preamble to the Rome I Regulation; this serves as an important indication that the European private international law acquis is subject to an autonomous characterisation.

Goetzke and Michaels ( 2022 ), p. 33 et seq. Interesting in this context is also the debate on whether the concept ‘agreement’ in the context of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements is a free-standing concept, the existence of which must be determined by the law of the forum, or a concept that must be given an autonomous meaning. See for this Brand and Herrup ( 2008 ) and Beaumont ( 2009 ).

See recitals 4-6 of preamble to Regulation 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (2012) OJ L351/1 (‘Brussels I Recast’).

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 31.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 31; Recital 26 of the preamble to the Brussels I Recast.

Case C-116/02 Erich Gasser GmbH v MISAT Srl (2006) ECR I-4693, par 29.

See also Campo Comba ( 2021 ), pp. 41 et seq.

Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 77 et seq.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 49.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 29.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 27.

Stone ( 2014 ), pp. 29–30; Case C-29/76 LTU Lufttransportunternehmen GmbH & Co. KG v Eurocontrol (1976) ECR I-1541; Case C-814/79 Netherlands State v Reinhold Rüffer (1980 ) ECR I-3807; Case C-172/91 Volker Sonntag v Hans Waidmann, Elisabeth Waidmann and Stefan Waidmann (1993) ECR I-1963; Case C-271/00 Gemeente Steenbergen v Luc Baten (2002) ECR I-10489; Freistaat Bayern v Jan Blijdenstein (2004) ECR I-981; Case C-266/01 Préservatrice foncière TIARD SA v Staat der Nederlanden (2003) ECR I-4867.

Case C-29/76 LTU Lufttransportunternehmen GmbH & Co. KG v Eurocontrol (1976) ECR I-1541.

Case C-265/02 Frahuil SA v Assitalia SpA (2004) ECR I-1543.

C-26/91 Jakob Handte & Co. GmbH v Traitements Mécano-chimiques des Surfaces SA (1992) ECR I-3967, par. 18.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 53.

See on this also Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 51–52.

See also Lutzi ( 2017 ), pp. 696–697; Brand and Vandekerckhove ( 2022 ), pp. 211–214.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 73.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 74.

C-34/83 Martin Peters Bauunternehmung GmbH v Zuid Nederlandse Aannemersvereniging (1983) ECR 987.

C-26/91 Jakob Handte & Co. GmbH v Traitements Mécano-chimiques des Surfaces SA (1992) ECR I-3967; C-51/97 Réunion européenne SA and Others v Spliethoff's Bevrachtingskantoor BV and the Master of the vessel Alblasgracht V002 (1998) ECR I-6511.

Mankowski ( 2015 ), pp. 172–173; C-38/81 Effer SpA v. Hans-Hoachim Kantner (1982) ECR 825.

See for example Petra Engler v Janus Versand GmbH (2005) ECR I-481.

Lorenz and Unberath ( 2005 ), p. 222.

Mankowski ( 2015 ), p. 164.

C-334/00 Fonderie Officine Meccaniche Tacconi SpA v Heinrich Wagner Sinto Maschinenfabrik GmbH (2002) ECR I-7357.

Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 54-55; C-334/00 Fonderie Officine Meccaniche Tacconi SpA v Heinrich Wagner Sinto Maschinenfabrik GmbH (2002) ECR I-7357.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 114.

Recital 18 of the preamble to the Brussels I Recast.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 125.

See on this also Golding and Giancaspro ( 2022 ).

Stone ( 2014 ), pp. 126–127.

See also Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 31 et seq.

C-89/91 Shearson Lehmann Hutton Inc. v TVB Treuhandgesellschaft für Vermögensverwaltung und Beteiligungen mbH (1993) ECR I-139.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 13; Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 111–112.

Van Calster, p. 91; Recital of the preamble to the Brussels I Recast.

C-180/06 Renate Ilsinger v Martin Dreschers (2009) ECR I3961.

C-96/00 Rudolf Gabriel (2002) ECR I6367; C-27/02 Petra Engler v Janus Versand GmbH (2005) ECR I-481.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 78.

C-269/95 Francesco Benincasa v Dentalkit Srl (1997) ECR I-3767.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 106; C-269/95 Francesco Benincasa v Dentalkit Srl (1997) ECR I-3767, par. 16-18; C-464/01 Johann Gruber v Bay Wa AG (2005) ECR I-439.

C-464/01 Johann Gruber v Bay Wa AG (2005) ECR I-439, par. 46–47.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 106.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 137.

C-585/08 and C-144/09 Peter Pammer v Reederei Karl Schlüter GmbH & Co. KG and Hotel Alpenhof GesmbH v Oliver Heller (2010) ECR I-12527, par 92.

C-585/08 and C-144/09 Peter Pammer v Reederei Karl Schlüter GmbH & Co. KG and Hotel Alpenhof GesmbH v Oliver Heller (2010) ECR I-12527, par 83.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 139.

C-154/11 Ahmed Mahamdia v People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria (2014) ECLI:EU:C: 2012:491, par. 96.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 140.

C-240/98 Océano Grupo Editorial SA v Rocío Murciano Quintero and others (2000) ECR I-4941; C-243/08 Pannon GSM Zrt. v Erzsébet Sustikné Győrfi (2009) ECR I-4713.

C-115/88 Mario P. A. Reichert and others v Dresdner Bank (1990) ECR I-27; C-294/92 George Lawrence Webb v Lawrence Desmond Webb (1994) ECR I-1717; C-292/93 Norbert Lieber v Willi S. Göbel and Siegrid Göbel (1994) ECR I-2535.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 149.

Grušić et al. ( 2017 ), p. 200.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 153; C-34/83 Martin Peters Bauunternehmung GmbH v Zuid Nederlandse Aannemers Vereniging (1983) ECR 987; C-214/89 Powell Duffryn plc v Wolfgang Petereit (1992) ECR I-1745.

C-372/07 Nicole Hassett v South Eastern Health Board and Cheryl Doherty v North Western Health Board (2008) ICR I-7403.

C-144/10 Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) v JPMorgan Chase Bank NA, Frankfurt Branch (2011) ECR I-3961.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 156.

C-261/90 Mario Reichert, Hans-Heinz Reichert and Ingeborg Kockler v Dresdner Bank AG (1992) ECR I-2149.

Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 95 et seq.

Relevant and interesting in this context is also the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. See, for the validity of choice of court agreements in the context of the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court agreements, Beaumont and Keyes ( 2022 ), pp. 397–400.

C-24/76 Estasis Salotti di Colzani Aimo e Gianmario Colzani s.n.c. v Rüwa Polstereimaschinen GmbH (1976) ECR 1831.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 173; C-71/83 Partenreederei ms. Tilly Russ and Ernest Russ v NV Haven- & Vervoerbedrijf Nova and NV Goeminne Hout (1968) ECR 2417; C-221/84 F. Berghoefer GmbH & Co. KG v ASA SA (1985) ECR 2699.

C-25/76 Galeries Segoura SPRL v Société Rahim Bonakdarian (1976) ECR 1851.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 174.

C-106/95 Mainschiffahrts-Genossenschaft eG (MSG) v Les Gravières Rhénanes SARL (1997) ECR I-911.

C-159/97 Trasporti Castelletti Spedizioni Internazionali SpA v Hugo Trumpy SpA (1999) ECR I-1597.

C-150/80 Elefanten Schuh GmbH v Pierre Jacqmain (1999) ECR 1671.

Schmon ( 2020 ), p. 97.

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 99.

C-412/98 Group Josi Reinsurance Company SA v Universal General Insurance Company (UGIC) (2000) ECR I-5925.

See on this also Guillaume ( 2019 ), pp. 66–69.

See Sect. 6.1.1 .

Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 28.

See on this Stone ( 2014 ), pp. 53 et seq; Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 51–52.

See for broader localisation-issues El Hage et al. ( 2022 ), pp. 746–749.

Von Bar et al. ( 2009 ), pp. 62–63.

Chen-Wishart ( 2018 ), p. 14; Kötz ( 2017 ), pp. 5 et seq.

It should be noted that the private international law questions on tort are regulated by instruments, such as the Rome II Regulation, that are not considered here as they are outside the scope of this research.

See for example recital 18 of the preamble to the Brussels I Recast Regulation.

Stone ( 2014 ), p. 133; Schmon ( 2020 ), pp. 111–112; Van Calster ( 2021 ), p. 102.

See supra note 30; the private international law questions regarding such a tortuous action will not be considered here as they are outside the scope of this research.

Stone ( 2014 ), pp. 139-140; see also C-154/11 Ahmed Mahamdia v People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria (2014) ECLI:EU:C:2012:491, par. 96.

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Verstappen, J. (2023). Private International Law. In: Legal Agreements on Smart Contract Platforms in European Systems of Private Law. Law, Governance and Technology Series, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35407-6_6

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International Law Guide

International Courts and Tribunals
International Organizations
Private International Law
Selected Topics in Public International Law

General Guides and Resources for Public International Law

GlobaLex Research guides to international law (by subject) and foreign law (by jurisdiction) from NYU's Hauser Global Law School Program.

ASIL Research Guide to Public International Law An up-to-date guide to treaty and other public international law research with an emphasis on online resources. From the American Society of International Law.

Criminal Law

ASIL Research Guide to International Criminal Law
Research Guides to the International Criminal Courts for the Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone From GlobaLex.
Comparative Criminal Procedure: A Selected Bibliography From GlobaLex.
International Criminal Court Legal Tools Provides access to documents important to international criminal law, including treaties, judgments and decisions, summaries of domestic criminal justice systems in many countries including relevant statutes or codes, and commentary on international criminal law and other aspects of international law.

Environmental Law

ECOLEX: A Gateway to Environmental Law
United Nations Environment Programme
ASIL Research Guide to International Environmental Law
A Basic Guide to International Environmental Legal Research From GlobaLex.

Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
OHCHR Jurisprudence Database Contains recommendations and findings from the various UN human rights committees that consider complaints from individuals.
Refworld UNHCR's comprehensive information source on refugee status includes treaties, legislation and court decisions, as well as information organized by country and topic.
European Court of Human Rights Pending cases, judgments, basic texts and a complete index to all ECHR judgments.
Bayefsky.com: The United Nations Human Rights Treaties
ICRC's Customary International Humanitarian Law Database A free online version of their two-volume publication.
University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
Human Rights Library: Collections on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights From the University of Minnesota.
ESCR-Net Caselaw Database Database of domestic, international, and quasi-judicial cases and decisions on economic, social and cultural rights.
U.S. Department of State - Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Project Diana: An Online Human Rights Case Archive From Yale Law School.
ASIL Research Guide to International Human Rights
ASIL Research Guide to International Humanitarian Law
International Human Rights Research Guide From GlobaLex.
ICJ E-bulletin on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights International Commission of Jurist's free monthly publication of legal developments in the fields of counter-terrorism and human rights.

Intellectual Property

WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
WIPO Lex Collection of intellectual property legislation (in English) from WIPO member countries.
AIPPI - International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property An international NGO devoted to the "the development and improvement of intellectual property." The Questions/Committees section contains country-by-country reports on specific intellectual property law topics.
European Patent Office
U.S. Patent & Trademark Office General information, forms, and a free searchable patent and trademark database.
U.S. Copyright Office Copyright basics, law, forms, and other materials available through the Library of Congress, the entity responsible for copyrights.
ASIL Research Guide to International Intellectual Property Law
IP Precedents Database Database of English translations of precedential domestic court decisions on IP topics; from the Research Center for the Legal System of Intellectual Property.

Law of the Sea

United Nations: Oceans and Law of the Sea
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
International Seabed Authority
UVA Center for Oceans Law & Policy
ASIL Research Guide to Law of the Sea

Trade, Investment or Economic Law

GATT Documents Online From the WTO.
GATT Digital Library From Stanford University.
WorldTradeLaw.net
International Trade Database: Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods From Pace University.
Trans-Lex.org Research platform for transnational commercial law from the Center for Transnational Law, Cologne University, Germany.
SICE - Foreign Trade Information System From the Organization of American States.
United States International Trade Commission
United States Trade Representative
Harmonized Tariff Schedule

ASIL Research Guide to International Economic Law
ASIL Research Guide to International Commercial Arbitration
Research Guide on the Harmonization of International Commercial Law From GlobaLex.

Women's Rights

Women's Human Rights Resources From the University of Toronto.
Women's Human Rights Documents From the University of Minnesota.
Women's Rights Links From the University of Minnesota.
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International Legal Research: Introduction

Introduction.

Sources of Law
Court Decisions
General Principles
Treatises & Law Review Articles
EU Treaties & Secondary Legislation
Official Publication of EU Law
Europa and Eur-Lex
EU Legislative Process
National Legislation
EU Court Decisions
Overview of UN
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Finding Arbitral Decisions
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Harmonization of Foreign Law
Subject Collections
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Treaty Status
Citing to Treaties
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Treaty Implementation
International Environmental Law
International Intellectual Property Law

Public international law, as traditionally defined, is the law governing relations between nation states.

Foreign law is simply the national law (also known as domestic or municipal law) of another country.

Private international law is a confusing term in that it refers to the national law(s) governing the cross-border interactions of private (non-state) parties, rather than international law. The question that often arises in such instances is "which country's law applies?". Private international law is, therefore, sometimes referred to as conflicts of laws, although the parties can select the law which governs their transaction by contract. A number of private international law topics are covered by treaty (i.e. family law, estates and trusts, litigation). Since treaties are characteristic of the public international law system, the idea that a treaty would apply to a private international law issue can be confusing as well. Often the aim of such treaties is to harmonize national laws.

The sources of public international law are enumerated under Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice , which is appended to the Charter of the United Nations. Those sources are, as follows: treaties, custom, general principles and case law and scholarly commentary as a subsidiary means for determining the rules of law. Treaties, custom and general principles are primary sources of law in the public international legal system. Court decisions and scholarly writings are secondary sources. T reaties are written agreements between nations. Customary law is state practice which is done out of a sense of obligation. General principles are those general legal principles which courts all over the world have recognized. Note that the documentation of inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) like the United Nations or so called "soft law" is not listed as a source of law under the ICJ Statute, perhaps because the Statute was drafted before the proliferation of IGOs.

Treaties are written instruments which can be found in several sources, both official and unofficial. In contrast, custom and general principles are not written down. Evidence of custom and general principles must be derived from other sources, such as treaties, UN documentation and court decisions.

The purpose of this guide is to introduce researchers to basic treaty and other sources for researching public and private international law. In addition, this guide will cover foreign law research and specific topics in international law, including international human rights law, intellectual property, international trade and international environmental law.

International legal materials are generally found under Library of Congress (LC) call number KZ .

Sample Library of Congress subject headings include:

International Law
International Organization

Comparative legal materials (i.e. titles which compare or contain laws of multiple countries) can be found under call number K or subject headings, like those below, with no specific jurisdiction designation:

Trademarks (International Law)
Consolidation and merger of corporations----Law and Legislation
International Business Enterprises

Catalogs are the key to using any library collection. Use the catalog when you want to find book titles on a particular topic. In addition to checking the UIC Law Library catalog , you can expand your search for relevant books titles to other libraries throughout the world by using Worldcat . Note that the same LC call numbers and subject headings used in this library's catalog are used in other law libraries and Worldcat.

Worldcat , as its name suggests, is a catalog of book titles held by libraries all over the world. Worldcat uses the same Library of Congress subject headings as those used in the UIC Law Library catalog. Thus, you can use Worldcat to expand your research beyond the four walls of this Library. Use the advanced search template to search as shown below.

A traditional catalog is a tool designed to enable researchers to find book titles in a library collection. To find articles, researchers have to use a separate but similar tool known as an index. However, some catalogs now blur this distinction by including records for book titles and journal articles.

The Peace Palace Library catalog is an example of this new hybrid. It makes international legal research very efficient as researchers can now find book titles, chapters and articles on international law issues all in one place.

For more information on the use of catalogs and indexes, see the Treatises and Law Review Articles tab.

Reference Titles: Dictionaries

Boczek, International Law: a dictionary. 6th floor Reference KZ1161 .B63 2005

Fellmeth, Guide to Latin in International Law . 6th floor Reference K52 .L37 F45 2009

Parry & Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law . 3rd ed. 6th floor Reference KZ1161 .P37 2009

Oxford English Dictionary

Encyclopedias

Ozmanczyk, The Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 7th floor KZ4968 .O86 2003

Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 10th floor KZ1160 .E52 1981

Abbreviations & Citation

Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations

Request a Research Appointment

Need more help? Reference librarians are available to meet with students in one-on-one sessions (or in small groups) to discuss research strategies, recommend relevant resources or review specific topics of legal research.

Contact [email protected] with the subject you're researching and when you would like to meet. A librarian will get back to you to set up an appointment. You can also schedule an appointment on the library homepage by clicking "Schedule an Online Research Appointment." We ask that you request your appointment at least 2 days in advance, but remember that you can always stop by the reference desk for immediate help with a quick research question.

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Browse Works

International Law and Diplomacy

International law and diplomacy research papers/topics, new frontier of digital diplomacy - social media and national security in contemporary ethiopia.

ABSTRACT Today, the ongoing debate surrounding social media and their national security threats has gained much scholarly attention given their far-reaching implications on the society in general and diplomacy in particular. Hence, the study primarily explored social media and national security as new frontiers of digital diplomacy in contemporary Ethiopia. This study followed a qualitative approach as study design on the basis of interpretative research paradigm. Since the topic is a littl...

Ethiopia's Pursuit of the Right of Sea Gate: An Analysis from an International Law Perspective

Ethiopia's pursuit of the right of sea gate represents a complex and evolving issue within international law. While specific provisions of international conventions and agreements may not explicitly address Ethiopia's situation, the principles and norms they encompass provide a foundation for Ethiopia's claim. By engaging with relevant regional and international actors, Ethiopia can navigate legal frameworks and diplomatic channels to safeguard its access to the sea and advance its economic a...

Unlocking New Horizons: Exploring the Benefits of Ethiopia's BRICS Membership

Ethiopia's membership in BRICS ushers in a new era of possibilities, positioning the country as a global player with enhanced economic growth, political influence, and social development. As Ethiopia embarks on this transformative journey, it is poised to reap the myriad benefits of belonging to this influential alliance.

Development of Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in the Republic of South Africa

This report serves to analyse the development of assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia in the Republic of South Africa post-apartheid with reference to countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands, where the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide has been decriminalised and regulated by the law. With the aid of various legal rules and principles which include but are not limited to; International law, relevant Constitutional and legislative provisions, stare decisis, proposed c...

Appraisal of the Security Council as Machinery for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security under the UN Charter

ABSTRACT The United Nations which was founded in 1945 after the Second World War reflects humanity’s aspiration for peace; security and progress. Thus, one of the cardinal points of the preamble of the Charter of the United Nations is that members of the organization resolve to pool their resources together to actualize certain objectives. These objectives include inter alia; the practice of tolerance; to live in peace with one another as good neighbours; to bring about an international r...

The Relationship Between the International Criminal Court, The United Nations Security Council and International Climinal Justice

ABSTRACT The research assessed the relationship between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Although the establishment of the International Criminal Court was welcomed, and many people thought it to be a measure to avoid the accusations of double standards, or “victor’s justice,” which marked some previous international criminal tribunals, the research question was, whether the relationship between the ICC and the UNSC does not unnecess...

Fair Hearing and Legal Representation of the Indigents: An Assessment of Legal Aid Scheme in Kano State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The idea oflegal aid in Nigeria was first conceived in 1961 with a Bill to establish the Legal Aid Act, which did not materialize as a result ofthe civil war. Legal Aid Association was formed by some lawyers with the purpose of providing legal aid to the poor, culminating in to the promulgation of the Legal Aid Decree no. 56 of 1976, which metamomphose in to the present LegalAid Act 2011.In order to assess the state of legal aid scheme in Kano State with a view to ascertaining the ri...

A Critical Analysis of Voters’ Right to Participation in Electoral Process in Uganda: The Distinction Between the Theory and Practice After the 1995 Constitution

ABSTRACT This research focused on a critical analysis of voters’ riqht to participation in electoral process in Uganda: The distinction between the theory and practice after the 1995 constitution. The major objective was to Critic the legal framework of Uganda electoral legislation standards to voter~ ri~qhts of participation in election process, to critic the legal system of institutions in ensuring voter’s riqhts of participation in elections periods fri Uganda, to draw the gap between ...

Aspects of Environmental Norms under the World Trade Organization

ABSTRACT This study was to establish aspects of environmental norms under the world trade organization and to determine existing conflicts between trade rules with Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). The study uses qualitative comparative case-study methodology to analyze ten environmental-based, GAIT article XX exceptions cases. Each of these cases had been brought before the dispute resolution mechanisms of GATT and WTO respectively. The study is driven by a desi;~e to gain some...

A Critique of the Law Relating to Freedom of Expression in Uganda

ABSTRACT This research analyzed the right to freedom of expression in Uganda; it begins by stating that Human rights are classified into four generations that is to say the first, second, third and fourth. Freedom of expression originates from the first generation rights which encompass all civil and political rights set forth under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). This right entails freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of opinion and expression; freedom of ...

An Analysis of International Humanitarian Law and Protection of Civilians During Internal Armed Conflict A Case of South Sudan

ABSTRACT This thesis explored the position of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in the on-going internal armed conflict in South Sudan. This topic became a subject of exploration in this study because there has been minimal scholarly inf01mation regarding violation of IHL in on - going armed conflicts in South Sudan yet many humanitarian challenges and human right abuses as well as violations that have been. This study found out that International Humanitarian Law encompasses various asp...

Legal Mechanism of the East African Treaties in Fighting Cross Border Crimes Case Study: Gatuna Border

ABSTRACT In this study, the researcher has focused on four questions mainly: in order to ascertain the measures to promote and enhance peace and security of general interest, what are the mechanisms adopted by EAC Partner States? With respect to the Treaty for the establishment of the EAC strategies which emphasizes peace, security and good neighborliness, explain the EAC strategies in the maintenance of regional peace and security. Despite their willingness to cooperate, what is the quality ...

The Right to a Fair Hearing and Legal Representation of the Indigents: A Case Study of Legal Aid Scheme in Kano State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The idea of legal aid in Nigeria was first conceived in 1961 with a Bill to establish the Legal Aid Act, which did not materialize as a result of the civil war. Legal Aid Association was formed by some lawyers with the purpose of providing legal aid to the poor, culminating in to the promulgation of the Legal Aid Decree no. 56 of 1976, which metamorphose in to the present Legal Aid Act 2011.In order to assess the state of legal aid scheme in Kano State with a view to ascertaining the...

The Role of Military Diplomacy in Ethiopia Foreign Policy

 AbstractThe main objective of this study is to examine the role of military diplomacy in Ethiopia foreign policy. To achieve this objective qualitative approach was employed for the study and data was collected through interview of key informants and checklist as primary data while secondary data was from different materials in the education center and electronic materials. For this study purposive and non-probable sampling techniques were used to collect information from sources believ...

Ethiopias role of counter terrorism and its implication in the horn of Africa

This paper seeks to review Ethiopia’s role in counter-terrorism in the horn of Africa. The analysis presented in the article is based on the qualitative data provided by international organizations, governments, research institutions, and other concerned bodies in the area. Secondary data was collected by analyzing the literature in academic journals, policy documents, periodicals, books, newspapers, and academic papers and magazines, TV documentaries on the research questions of this study...

Projects, thesis, seminars, research papers, termpapers topics in International Law & Diplomacy. International Law & Diplomacy projects, thesis, seminars and termpapers topic and materials

Popular Papers/Topics

An appraisal of the doctrine of domicile under the private international law, conflict of law: proper law of contract, the nigerian civil war and the failure of united nations: a jurisprudential analysis, the impact of motivation on employee’s job performance in an organisation (a case study of access bank plc okpara avenue and abakaliki road branches, enugu), retribution in international criminal justice system, achievements and challenges of technical aid corps as a foreign policy tool, a critical appraisal of the payment of civil servants salary, the protection of sexual and reproductive health rights of women with disabilities under international law, human rights in the 21st century: protecting and promoting the human rights of persons with disabilities., impact of globalization on interdependency of develop and developing sovereign states, a new dawn in the maghreb- a case study of libyas 2011 uprisings, regional diplomacy for peace iniatives in east africa, the chicago convention and civilian aircraft in times of war, protection of refugees and challenges to internal security in kenya, issues relating to china as the emerging world economic power and its investment in nigeria.

Foreign and International Law: Topics: Human Rights

Arbitration
Comparative Civil Procedure
Constitutions and Constitutional Law
Criminal Law and Criminal Tribunals
Elections and Political Participation
Environment
Foreign Investment
Global Warming
Health and Population
History and Government

Human Rights

Humanitarian Law
Immigration
Indigenous Peoples
Intellectual Property
International Affairs
International Business
International Law
International Security
International Sports Law
International Taxation
International Trade
Law and Economics
Law Reform Commissions
Legal Information Institutes
Reference-General Sources
Refugees/Asylum
Statistics/Data Archives

Topics in Foreign and International Law

Reference--General Sources
Amnesty International Under Library link find text of annual reports, campaign reports, publications arranged by country, country reports from 1994, and selected thematic reports and news releases.
ASIL Electronic Resource Guide: International Human Rights Prepared by Marci Hoffman, Lecturer in Residence; Associate Director, Law Library; International & Foreign Law Librarian University of California, Berkeley School of Law Library (updated in 2011).
Bibliography for Research on International Human Rights Law Univ. of Minnesota Human Rights Library. By Marci Hoffman and David Weissbrodt.
European Court of Human Rights Full-text judgments are only available from October 1996 to date, with a list of decisions from 1959. Information on pending cases, basic texts including European Convention on Human Rights and its protocols, and the Rules of Court. Speeches and press releases also available.
The European Human Rights System On GlobaLex. By James W. Hart (2011).
The Exploitation of Women and Children: A Comparative Study of Human Trafficking Laws between the United States-Mexico and China-Vietnam On GlobaLex. By Christina T. Le (2013).
FINDOC database From the Institute for Human Rights in Finland. Has entries for books, articles and seminar reports from 1966 on.
Human & Constitutional Rights, Columbia University International conventions, comparative law bill rights collections, country, regional and international sections. No longer updated as of March 2008.
Human Rights Organizations Database The Human Rights Organizations Database is Human Rights Internet's most comprehensive listing of institutions working in the field of human rights
Human Rights Library The University of Minnesota Human Rights Library houses one of the largest collections of more than eighty-five thousand core human rights documents, including several hundred human rights treaties and other primary international human rights instruments. The site also provides access to more than four thousands links and a unique search device for multiple human rights sites.
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch, the largest human rights organization based in the United States, conducts fact-finding investigations into human rights abuses in all regions of the world, issues reports, and generates global attention on the situtation. Site has information by country and by topic.
Inter-American Human Rights Database In English and Spanish. From the Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at the Washington College of Law, American University. Collection of documents adopted by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights since its first session in 1960. Available in both English and Spanish versions. Contains reports on the Commission's individual cases and reports of its early work sessions, and will eventually include special country reports and thematic reports.

The Inter-American System of Human Rights: A Research Guide On GlobaLex. By Cecilia Cristina Naddeo; update by Francisco A. Avalos (2016).
International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights INTERIGHTS defends and promotes human rights and freedoms worldwide through the use of international and comparative law.
International Human Rights Research Guide On GlobaLex. By Grace M. Mills (2014).
A Review of the Progressive Development of International Human Rights Framework on Capital Punishment By Michelle Miao.
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Includes documents, publications and a searchable Treaty Bodies Database. The database was established to monitor the implementation of human rights treaties and can be searched by treaty, country, symbol, or type.
U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants Searchable database of country conditions and statistics from its annual World Refugee Survey of 120 countries. Full-text articles on such topics as detention, internally displaced persons, repatriation, religious persecution, women and child, safe havens, etc. are also available.
Women in International Law: Research Resources Prepared by Lyonette Louis-Jacques of the University of Chicago Law Library. Last updated 2002.

Subject Guide

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How to Write International Law Dissertation Law Dissertation Help by
(PDF) PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW OR LEGAL CONFLICT
Private International Law Notes
Private International Law Notes
(PDF) PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW LECTURE ONE Introduction to Private
Contract Under Private International Law

VIDEO

Private international law_ full video
How to Answer Private International Law Questions
International relations ,it's functions, public and private international law🙂
Chaos & Calm // Meme Animation
Private international law (PIL) Explained by Bodha Shree
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COMMENTS

Journal of Private International Law: Vol 19, No 3 (Current issue)
Implied jurisdiction agreements in international commercial contracts: a global comparative perspective. Chukwuma Samuel Adesina Okoli et al. Article | Published online: 12 Feb 2024. Explore the current issue of Journal of Private International Law, Volume 19, Issue 3, 2023.
Private International Law: Home
Private International Law (PRIL) brings together key reference works in private international law and is an exceptional resource for practitioners and scholars researching in the field. Delivering valuable content in an interlinked, searchable, and easy-to-access format, this service contains authoritative works including Cheshire, North, and ...
International Law Research Paper Topics
This comprehensive list presents 10 categories, each comprising 10 diverse and thought-provoking international law research paper topics. Whether you are interested in human rights, environmental protection, trade regulations, or armed conflicts, these topics offer a wealth of opportunities for academic exploration and intellectual growth.
7595 PDFs
Thiago Oliveira Moreira. Aug 2022. Samuel Maireg Biresaw. Aug 2022. Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW. Find ...
Justifying and Challenging Territoriality in Private International Law
Mills, Alex, Justifying and Challenging Territoriality in Private International Law (June 1, 2022). Roxana Banu, Michael Green and Ralf Michaels (eds), Philosophical Foundations of Private International Law (OUP, 2023 Forthcoming), Faculty of Laws University College London Law Research Paper No. 5/2022, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com ...
Private International Law and the Question of Universal Values
Private international law presumes, and responds to, plurality—of laws, and of values. ... Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series. Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic FOLLOWERS. 5,728. PAPERS. 1,786. This Journal is curated by: ...
Current Research in Private International Law
The virtual workshop series "Current Research in Private International Law" is organised by Prof. Dr. Ralf Michaels and Michael Cremer. The series features guest speakers and Institute staff members who present and discuss their work on current developments and research topics in private international law. The workshops are geared to scholars ...
Modern Trends in the Development of Private International Law and its
Abstract. The paper analyzes the current trends in the development of private international law, its relationship with international public law. Special attention is paid to the relationship ...
Private International Law
An example, relevant to the topic of this research, can be found in Article 6(1) of the Rome I Regulation which defines consumer contracts as ... The private international law complications of this, such as the inability to determine the applicable law, are therefore but one of a potential plethora of complications this creates. It is for this ...
Towards Private International Law for Everyone
Note: This pre-print is published in the Max Planck Private Law Research Paper Series with the permission of the rights owner, Edward Elgar Publishing. This is a draft of a chapter that has been accepted for publication by Edward Elgar Publishing in the forthcoming book Research Handbook of Private International Law.
Harvard International Law Journal
The Harvard International Law Journal is the oldest and most-cited student-edited journal in international law. It is edited by J.D. and LLM students at Harvard Law School. Learn more .
Private International Law Research Papers
by François-Xavier LICARI and +1. 9. Comparative Law , Private International Law , Comparative Private Law , Conflicts of Law. Odi et amo. Japan's Complex Relationship with the CISG. by Giorgio Fabio Colombo and +1. 5. International Law , Private International Law , International trade law , Japanese Law.
International Law
Private International Law and Conflict of Laws. Public International Law. ... London Review of International Law, Volume 8, Issue 3, November 2020, Pages 425-456, ... It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.
Private International Law Topics before the European Court of Human
This is a presentation of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in cases decided in 2010 and 2011 involving questions touching on private international law. The selection includes the following themes: Choice of law rules and the right to non-discrimination. - The right to recognition of a status acquired abroad.
International Law Guide
This is the complete archive of collected courses, Recueil des Cours, in international law dating from 1923 to the near-present. It also contains the official publications from workshops organized by the Academy. Its thorough annotations make it a valuable resource for research in international law.
International Legal Research
A number of private international law topics are covered by treaty (i.e. family law, estates and trusts, litigation). Since treaties are characteristic of the public international law system, the idea that a treaty would apply to a private international law issue can be confusing as well. Often the aim of such treaties is to harmonize national ...
International Law and Diplomacy Research Papers/Topics
4. ». 1 - 15 Of 48 Results. Browse through books in International Law and Diplomacy. Access and download complete International Law and Diplomacy books, International Law and Diplomacy text books, book reviews etc. Book reviews in International Law and Diplomacy - Page 1.
3655 PDFs
Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature ...
Private International Law Bibliography 2023: U.S. and Foreign ...
This is the eighteenth annual bibliography of private international law compiled by the undersigned as a service to fellow-teachers and students of this subject. It includes 124 books and 291 journal articles that appeared in print in 2023. The term "private international law" is used here in the broadest and arguably expanded sense.
Foreign and International Law: Topics: Human Rights
Univ. of Minnesota Human Rights Library. By Marci Hoffman and David Weissbrodt. European Court of Human Rights. Full-text judgments are only available from October 1996 to date, with a list of decisions from 1959. Information on pending cases, basic texts including European Convention on Human Rights and its protocols, and the Rules of Court.
Intellectual Property and Private International Law: Strangers ...
Abstract. The relationship between intellectual property (IP) and private international law (PIL) has become fraught with tension. Now that the digital networked environment provides scope for simultaneous multi-territorial communication of works and trade symbols and consequent global infringements of rights in such material, the problem of cross-border enforcement of IP rights cannot be ignored.

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Current Research in Private International Law

Bettina Heiderhoff: Schnittstellen zwischen Migrationsrecht und Internationalem Familienrecht

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