medical care research and review

Medical Care Research and Review

Subject Area and Category

• Health Policy
• Medicine (miscellaneous)

SAGE Publications Inc.

Publication type

10775587, 15526801

1944-1954, 1963-1971, 1974-1975, 1978-1990, 1993-2023

Information

How to publish in this journal

[email protected]

The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green) comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the third highest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.

The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is based on the idea that 'all citations are not created equal'. SJR is a measure of scientific influence of journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from It measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal, it expresses how central to the global scientific discussion an average article of the journal is.

Evolution of the number of published documents. All types of documents are considered, including citable and non citable documents.

This indicator counts the number of citations received by documents from a journal and divides them by the total number of documents published in that journal. The chart shows the evolution of the average number of times documents published in a journal in the past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year. The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. Journal Self-citation is defined as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal.

Evolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. External citations are calculated by subtracting the number of self-citations from the total number of citations received by the journal’s documents.

International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's documents signed by researchers from more than one country; that is including more than one country address.

Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers.

Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year.

Leave a comment

Name * Required

Email (will not be published) * Required

* Required Cancel

The users of Scimago Journal & Country Rank have the possibility to dialogue through comments linked to a specific journal. The purpose is to have a forum in which general doubts about the processes of publication in the journal, experiences and other issues derived from the publication of papers are resolved. For topics on particular articles, maintain the dialogue through the usual channels with your editor.

Follow us on @ScimagoJR Scimago Lab , Copyright 2007-2024. Data Source: Scopus®

Cookie settings

Cookie Policy

Legal Notice

Privacy Policy

Search the Library

• Library and Research Guides
• Books, Journals and Media

Search Scopus

Browse journals, browse databases, browse research guides.

• Search Catalyst
• Search WorldCat

The Johns Hopkins Libraries Catalog

Use Catalyst to search the Johns Hopkins Collection for: Books, Journals, E-books, Multimedia, Special Collections

The OCLC WorldCat Catalog with Find It @Johns Hopkins

Use WorldCat to search libraries around the world for: Books, Journals, E-books, and more.

Journal Record: Medical care research and review : MCRR Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Periodicals Press, c1995-

Online access.

•   SAGE Journals PREM24 Premier 2024 Available from 03/01/1999 volume: 56 issue: 1.
•   SAGE Shallow Backfile Package 2015 Available from 1999 until 2009.
•   SAGE Journals Shallow Backfile 2022 Purchase (D022TBDL) Available from 03/01/1999 volume: 56 issue: 1 until 12/31/2009 volume: 66.
•   SAGE Complete Deep Backfile Purchase 2007 Available from 03/01/1995 volume: 52 issue: 1 until 12/31/1998 volume: 55 issue: 4.
•   SAGE Journals BACK23 Deep Backfile 2024 Available from 03/01/1995 volume: 52 issue: 1 until 12/31/1998 volume: 55 issue: 4.

Notes (from National Library of Medicine)

Identifiers, related journals by subject(s).

• Locations and Hours

• Technical Support
• Find My Rep

You are here

Medical Care Research and Review

Preview this book.

• Description
• Aims and Scope
• Editorial Board
• Abstracting / Indexing
• Submission Guidelines

Medical Care Research and Review has been a pioneering force in the area of health services research. During its time, the journal has evolved from publishing abstracts to a well-respected journal carrying critical reviews of literature on organizational structure, economics, and the financing of health and medical care systems. Today, the journal's focus has expanded to reflect the growth of the field and the increasing importance of health services research -- while still maintaining the high standards that have kept Medical Care Research and Review at the forefront of health care research for over half a century.

2022 MCRR Article of the Year:

“Public Health and Health Sector Crisis Leadership During Pandemics: A Review of the Medical and Business Literature" Click here for access

Covering Current Issues in Health Care

Medical Care Research and Review covers timely aspects of health care such as:

• Evaluation of the impact of changes in health policy and practice
• Health insurance markets and the impact of health reform
• Health Information Technology adoption and application in health delivery
• Impact of competition and regulation on health care markets and providers
• Health care disparities in access, treatment, and outcomes
• Patient safety and quality of care
• Health care workforce issues and primary care capacity
• Patient engagement in health care decision-making
• Economics and financial issues in health care delivery
• Organizational structure and behavior of health organizations
• Comparative effectiveness analysis

The journal occasionally complements its broad coverage with supplements on particular topics. For example, an October 2014 supplement focused on informing the next generation of public reporting for consumers. "Medical Care Research and Review aims to publish the best health services research in the field, especially papers that will inform research and decision-making on ways to improve health care services, including access to services as well as their cost, quality, access, and organization. - Thomas D'Aunno, Ph.D., former Editor-in-Chief, Medical Care Research and Review

This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

Medical Care Research and Review (formerly Medical Care Review ) has been a pioneering force in the area of peer-reviewed health services research. During its time, the journal has evolved from publishing abstracts to a well-respected journal carrying critical reviews of literature on organizational structure, economics, and the financing of health and medical care systems. Today, the journal's focus has expanded to reflect the growth of the field and the increasing importance of health services research -- while still maintaining the high standards that have kept Medical Care Research and Review at the forefront of health care research for over half a century.

• Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)
• Clarivate Analytics: Current Contents - Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
• Clarivate Analytics: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)
• Corporate ResourceNET - Ebsco
• Current Citations Express
• EBSCO: Vocational & Career Collection
• EMBASE/Excerpta Medica
• Health Business FullTEXT
• Health Service Abstracts
• Health Source Plus
• HealthSTAR FullTEXT
• Hospital and Health Administration Index
• Index Medicus
• MasterFILE - Ebsco
• PASCAL database
• ProQuest: Applied Social Science Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)
• Psychological Abstracts
• Social SciSearch
• Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science)
• Standard Periodical Directory (SPD)
• TOPICsearch - Ebsco
• Article types
• Editorial policies 2.1 Peer review policy 2.2 Authorship 2.3 Acknowledgements 2.4 Funding 2.5 Declaration of conflicting interests 2.6 Research ethics and patient consent 2.7 Clinical trials 2.8 Reporting guidelines 2.9 Data
• Publishing policies 3.1 Publication ethics 3.2 Contributor’s publishing agreement 3.3 Open access and author archiving 3.4 Permissions
• Preparing your manuscript 4.1 Word processing formats 4.2 Artwork, figures and other graphics 4.3 Identifiable information 4.4 Supplemental material 4.5 Journal Layout 4.6 Reference style 4.7 English language editing services
• Submitting your manuscript 5.1 ORCID 5.2 How to submit your manuscript 5.3 Information required for completing your submission 5.4 Title, keywords and abstracts 5.5 Corresponding author contact details
• On acceptance and publication 6.1 SAGE Production 6.3 Access to your published article 6.2 Online First publication
• Further information

1. Article types

Medical Care Research and Review publishes peer-reviewed articles that focus on: (1) syntheses of empirical and theoretical research on health services; (2) empirical health services and health policy research; and (3) data and trends articles that examine new data sources or new measures that inform health services research and health policy audiences. All three categories of articles examine a broad range of health services issues including organization, financing, patient safety and quality of care, access to care, health care disparities, and insurance coverage trends.

The mission of Medical Care Research and Review is to provide essential information about the field of health services to researchers, policymakers, managers, and practitioners. Medical Care Research and Review seeks three kinds of manuscripts:

Back to top

2. Editorial policies

2.1 Peer review policy

Medical Care Research and Review operates a strictly blinded peer review process in whichthe reviewer’s name is withheld from the author and, the author’s name from the reviewer. Reviewers may at their discretion opt to reveal their names to the author in their review, but our standard policy and practice is for both identities to remain concealed.

2.2 Authorship

Papers should only be submitted for consideration once consent is given by all contributing authors. Those submitting papers should carefully check that all those whose work contributed to the paper are acknowledged as contributing authors.

The list of authors should include all those who can legitimately claim authorship. This is all those who:

• Made a substantial contribution to the concept and design, acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data,
• Drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content,
• Approved the version to be published.

Authors should meet the conditions of all of the points above. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.

When a large, multicenter group has conducted the work, the group should identify the individuals who accept direct responsibility for the manuscript. These individuals should fully meet the criteria for authorship.

Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group alone does not constitute authorship, although all contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in the Acknowledgments section.

Please refer to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship guidelines for more information on authorship.

Authorship Changes

If the named authors for a manuscript change at any point between submission and acceptance, an  Authorship Change Form  must be completed and digitally signed by all authors (including any added or removed). An addition of an author is only permitted following feedback raised during peer review. Completed forms can be uploaded at Revision Submission stage or emailed to the Journal Editorial Office contact. All requests will be moderated by the Editor and/or Sage staff.

Important: Changes to the author by-line by adding or deleting authors are NOT permitted following acceptance of a paper.

Please note that AI chatbots, for example ChatGPT, should not be listed as authors. For more information see the policy on Use of ChatGPT and generative AI tools .

2.3 Acknowledgements

All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an Acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. Authors should disclose whether they had any writing assistance and identify the entity that paid for this assistance.

Please supply your acknowledgements section separately to the main text to facilitate anonymous peer review.

2.3.1 Writing assistance

Individuals who provided writing assistance, e.g. from a specialist communications company, do not qualify as authors and so should be included in the Acknowledgements section.

Authors must disclose any writing assistance – including the individual’s name, company and level of input – and identify the entity that paid for this assistance”).

It is not necessary to disclose use of language polishing services.

2.3.2. Artificial Intelligence

Use of Large Language Models and generative AI tools in writing your submission

Sage recognizes the value of large language models (LLMs) (e.g. ChatGPT) and generative AI as productivity tools that can help authors in preparing their article for submission; to generate initial ideas for a structure, for example, or when summarizing, paraphrasing, language polishing etc. However, it is important to note that all language models have limitations and are unable to replicate human creative and critical thinking. Human intervention with these tools is essential to ensure that content presented is accurate and appropriate to the reader. Sage therefore requires authors to be aware of the limitations of language models and to consider these in any use of LLMs in their submissions:

• Objectivity: Previously published content that contains racist, sexist or other biases can be present in LLM-generated text, and minority viewpoints may not be represented. Use of LLMs has the potential to perpetuate these biases because the information is decontextualized and harder to detect.
• Accuracy: LLMs can ‘hallucinate’ i.e. generate false content, especially when used outside of their domain or when dealing with complex or ambiguous topics. They can generate content that is linguistically but not scientifically plausible, they can get facts wrong, and they have been shown to generate citations that don’t exist. Some LLMs are only trained on content published before a particular date and therefore present an incomplete picture.
• Contextual understanding: LLMs cannot apply human understanding to the context of a piece of text, especially when dealing with idiomatic expressions, sarcasm, humor, or metaphorical language. This can lead to errors or misinterpretations in the generated content.
• Training data: LLMs require a large amount of high-quality training data to achieve optimal performance. However, in some domains or languages, such data may not be readily available, limiting the usefulness of the model.

Guidance for authors

Authors are required to:

• Clearly indicate the use of language models in the manuscript , including which model was used and for what purpose. Please use the methods or acknowledgements section, as appropriate.
• Verify the accuracy, validity, and appropriateness of the content  and any citations generated by language models and correct any errors or inconsistencies.
• Provide a list of sources used to generate content  and citations, including those generated by language models. Double-check citations to ensure they are accurate, and are properly referenced.
• Be conscious of the potential for plagiarism  where the LLM may have reproduced substantial text from other sources. Check the original sources to be sure you are not plagiarizing someone else’s work.
• Acknowledge the limitations of language models in the manuscript , including the potential for bias, errors, and gaps in knowledge.
• Please note that AI bots such as ChatGPT  should not be listed as an author  on your submission.

We will take appropriate corrective action where we identify published articles with undisclosed use of such tools.

2.4 Funding

To comply with the guidance for Research Funders, Authors and Publishers issued by the Research Information Network (RIN), Medical Care Research and Review additionally requires all authors to acknowledge their funding in a consistent fashion under a separate heading. Please visit the Funding Acknowledgements page on the SAGE Journal Author Gateway to confirm the format of the acknowledgment text in the event of funding, or state that: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

2.5 Declaration of conflicting interests

It is the policy of Medical Care Research and Review to require a declaration of conflicting interests from all authors enabling a statement to be carried within the paginated pages of all published articles.

Please ensure that a ‘Declaration of Conflicting Interests’ statement is included at the end of your manuscript, after any acknowledgements and prior to the references. If no conflict exists, please state that ‘The Author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest’.

For guidance on conflict of interest statements, please see the ICMJE recommendations here.

2.6 Research ethics and patient consent

Medical research involving human subjects must be conducted according to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.

Submitted manuscripts should conform to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, and all papers reporting animal and/or human studies must state in the methods section that the relevant Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board provided (or waived) approval. Please ensure that you have provided the full name and institution of the review committee, in addition to the approval number.

For research articles, authors are also required to state in the methods section whether participants provided informed consent and whether the consent was written or verbal.

Information on informed consent to report individual cases or case series should be included in the manuscript text. A statement is required regarding whether written informed consent for patient information and images to be published was provided by the patient(s) or a legally authorized representative. Please do not submit the patient’s actual written informed consent with your article, as this in itself breaches the patient’s confidentiality. The Journal requests that you confirm to us, in writing, that you have obtained written informed consent but the written consent itself should be held by the authors/investigators themselves, for example in a patient’s hospital record. The confirmatory letter may be uploaded with your submission as a separate file.

Please also refer to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Protection of Research Participants.

2.7 Clinical trials

Medical Care Research and Review conforms to the ICMJE requirement that clinical trials are registered in a WHO-approved public trials registry at or before the time of first patient enrolment as a condition of consideration for publication. The trial registry name and URL, and registration number must be included at the end of the abstract.

2.8 Reporting guidelines

The relevant EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines should be followed depending on the type of study. For example, all randomized controlled trials submitted for publication should include a completed Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow chart as a cited figure, and a completed CONSORT checklist as a supplementary file.

Other resources can be found at NLM’s Research Reporting Guidelines and Initiatives.

2.9 Research data

At SAGE we are committed to facilitating openness, transparency and reproducibility of research. Medical Care Research and Review expects authors to share their research data in a suitable public repository. This is subject to ethical considerations and in such cases the journal editor may grant an exception and authors should contact the journal editorial office. Authors are also required to include a data accessibility statement in their manuscript file, indicating if data is present or absent, and to follow data citation principles. For more information please visit the SAGE Author Gateway, which includes information about SAGE’s partnership with the data repository Figshare.

3. Publishing policies

3.1 Publication ethics

SAGE is committed to upholding the integrity of the academic record. We encourage authors to refer to the Committee on Publication Ethics’ International Standards for Authors and view the Publication Ethics page on the SAGE Author Gateway.

3.1.1 Plagiarism

Medical Care Research and Review and SAGE take issues of copyright infringement, plagiarism or other breaches of best practice in publication very seriously. We seek to protect the rights of our authors and we always investigate claims of plagiarism or misuse of articles published in the journal. Equally, we seek to protect the reputation of the journal against malpractice. Submitted articles may be checked using duplication-checking software. Where an article is found to have plagiarized other work or included third-party copyright material without permission or with insufficient acknowledgement, or where authorship of the article is contested, we reserve the right to take action including, but not limited to: publishing an erratum or corrigendum (correction); retracting the article (removing it from the journal); taking up the matter with the head of department or dean of the author’s institution and/or relevant academic bodies or societies; banning the author from publication in the journal or all SAGE journals, or appropriate legal action.

3.2 Contributor’s publishing agreement

Before publication, SAGE requires the author as the rights holder to sign a Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement. SAGE’s Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement is an exclusive license agreement which means that the author retains copyright in the work but grants SAGE the sole and exclusive right and license to publish for the full legal term of copyright. Exceptions may exist where an assignment of copyright is required or preferred by a proprietor other than SAGE. In this case copyright in the work will be assigned from the author to the society. For more information please visit our Frequently Asked Questions on the SAGE Journal Author Gateway.

3.3 Open access and author archiving

Medical Care Research and Review offers optional open access publishing via the Sage Choice programme and Open Access agreements, where authors can publish open access either discounted or free of charge depending on the agreement with Sage. Find out if your institution is participating by visiting Open Access Agreements at Sage . For more information on Open Access publishing options at Sage please visit Sage Open Access . For information on funding body compliance, and depositing your article in repositories, please visit Sage’s Author Archiving and Re-Use Guidelines and Publishing Policies .

3.4 Permissions

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission from copyright holders for reproducing any illustrations, tables, figures or lengthy quotations previously published elsewhere. For further information including guidance on fair dealing for criticism and review, please visit our Frequently Asked Questions on the SAGE Journal Author Gateway.

4. Preparing your manuscript

4.1 Word processing formats

Preferred formats for the text and tables of your manuscript are Word DOC, RTF, XLS. LaTeX files are also accepted. The text should be double-spaced, 12-point type with 1-inch margins. Text should be standard 10 or 12 point. Word and (La)Tex templates are available on the Manuscript Submission Guidelines page of our Author Gateway.

4.2 Artwork, figures and other graphics

For guidance on the preparation of illustrations, pictures and graphs in electronic format,please visit SAGE’s Manuscript Submission Guidelines

Figures supplied in color will appear in color online regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For specifically requested color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from SAGE after receipt of your accepted article.

4.3 Identifiable information

Where a journal uses double-blind peer review, authors are required to submit:

• A version of the manuscript which has had any information that compromises the anonymity of the author(s) removed or anonymized. This version will be sent to the peer reviewers.
• A separate title page which includes any removed or anonymized material. This will not be sent to the peer reviewers.

See https://sagepub.com/Manuscript-preparation-for-double-blind-journal for detailed guidance on making any anonymous submission.

4.4 Supplemental material

This journal is able to host additional materials online (e.g. datasets, podcasts, videos, images etc.) alongside the full-text of the article. These will be subjected to peer-review alongside the article. For more information please refer to our guidelines on submitting supplemental files, which can be found within our Manuscript Submission Guidelines page.

4.5 Journal layout

Authors are encouraged to submit any clarifying information with their manuscripts if they believe it would help in the review process. Examples include previous manuscripts that provide more detail on the data or methods used, copies of survey instruments used, and so forth. The manuscript itself must still contain sufficient information on its methods for reviewers to assess its validity, however.Include an abstract of no more than 150 words. Endnotes and references should follow the text, with tables and figures following on separate pages. To facilitate anonymous review, the name, affiliation, mailing address, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of each author should appear in a separate title page that is not included in the main document of a submitted paper. Please also list four to six keywords and any acknowledgments on the title page.

Prepare manuscripts according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition (APA). Double-space all material, including the abstract, endnotes, references, quotations, appendixes, and tables. Do not use bold or italic type; indicate italics by underlining. Each table and figure should appear at the end of the document file, grouped together after the reference section. Except for size, all figures will appear as submitted; they must be camera-ready. Please do not submit glossies. Written permission must be obtained from the copyright holder for all quotations of more than 500 words from any one academic source, for any tables and/or figures taken from a source in which you do not hold the copyright, and for all quotations of any length from newspapers, radio and television broadcasts, magazines, movies, songs, or poems.

4.6 Reference style

Medical Care Research and Review adheres to the APA reference style. Click here to review the guidelines on APA to ensure your manuscript conforms to this reference style.

4.7 English language editing services

Authors seeking assistance with English language editing, translation, or figure and manuscript formatting to fit the journal’s specifications should consider using SAGE Language Services. Visit SAGE Language Services on our Journal Author Gateway for further information.

5. Submitting your manuscript

As part of our commitment to ensuring an ethical, transparent and fair peer review process SAGE is a supporting member of ORCID, the Open Researcher and Contributor ID. ORCID provides a unique and persistent digital identifier that distinguishes researchers from every other researcher, even those who share the same name, and, through integration in key research workflows such as manuscript and grant submission, supports automated linkages between researchers and their professional activities, ensuring that their work is recognized.

The collection of ORCID IDs from corresponding authors is now part of the submission process of this journal. If you already have an ORCID ID you will be asked to associate that to your submission during the online submission process. We also strongly encourage all co- authors to link their ORCID ID to their accounts in our online peer review platforms. It takes seconds to do: click the link when prompted, sign into your ORCID account and our systems are automatically updated. Your ORCID ID will become part of your accepted publication’s metadata, making your work attributable to you and only you. Your ORCID ID is published with your article so that fellow researchers reading your work can link to your ORCID profile and from there link to your other publications.

If you do not already have an ORCID ID please follow this link to create one or visit our ORCID homepage to learn more.

5.2 How to submit your manuscript

Medical Care Research and Review is hosted on SAGE Track, a web based online submission and peer review system powered by ScholarOne™ Manuscripts. Visit https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/mcrr to login and submit your article online.

IMPORTANT: Please check whether you already have an account in the system before trying to create a new one. If you have reviewed or authored for the journal in the past year it is likely that you will have had an account created. For further guidance on submitting your manuscript online please visit ScholarOne Online Help.

You will be asked to provide contact details and academic affiliations for all co-authors via the submission system and identify who is to be the corresponding author. These details must match what appears on your manuscript. The affiliation listed in the manuscript should be the institution where the research was conducted. If an author has moved to a new institution since completing the research, the new affiliation can be included in a manuscript note at the end of the paper. At this stage please ensure you have included all the required statements and declarations and uploaded any additional supplementary files (including reporting guidelines where relevant).

5.3 Information required for completing your submission

5.4 Title, keywords and abstracts

Please supply a title, short title, an abstract and keywords to accompany your article. The title, keywords and abstract are key to ensuring readers find your article online through online search engines such as Google. Please refer to the information and guidance on how best to title your article, write your abstract and select your keywords by visiting the SAGE Journal Author Gateway for guidelines on How to Help Readers Find Your Article Online.

5.5  Corresponding author contact details

Provide full contact details for the corresponding author including email, mailing address and telephone numbers. Academic affiliations are required for all co-authors. These details should be presented separately to the main text of the article to facilitate anonymous peer review.

6. On acceptance and publication

6.1 SAGE Production

Your SAGE Production Editor will keep you informed as to your article’s progress throughout the production process. Proofs will be made available to the corresponding author via our editing portal SAGE Edit or by email, and corrections should be made directly or notified to us promptly. Authors are reminded to check their proofs carefully to confirm that all author information, including names, affiliations, sequence and contact details are correct, and that Funding and Conflict of Interest statements, if any, are accurate.

6.2 Access to your published article

SAGE provides authors with online access to their final article.

6.3  Online First publication

Online First allows final revision articles (completed articles in queue for assignment to an upcoming issue) to be published online prior to their inclusion in a final journal issue which significantly reduces the lead time between submission and publication. For more information please visit our  Online First Fact Sheet.

7. Further information

Any correspondence, queries or additional requests for information on the manuscript submission process should be sent to the Medical Care Research and Review editorial office as follows:

R. Tamara Konetzka, PhD

Editor-in-Chief, Medical Care Research and Review

[email protected] (773) 834-2202

Last updated December 28, 2018

• Read Online
• Sample Issues
• Current Issue
• Email Alert
• Permissions
• Foreign rights
• Reprints and sponsorship
• Advertising

Individual Subscription, Print Only

Institutional Subscription, E-access

Institutional Subscription & Backfile Lease, E-access Plus Backfile (All Online Content)

Institutional Subscription, Print Only

Institutional Subscription, Combined (Print & E-access)

Institutional Subscription & Backfile Lease, Combined Plus Backfile (Current Volume Print & All Online Content)

Institutional Backfile Purchase, E-access (Content through 1998)

Individual, Single Print Issue

Institutional, Single Print Issue

To order single issues of this journal, please contact SAGE Customer Services at 1-800-818-7243 / 1-805-583-9774 with details of the volume and issue you would like to purchase.

• ISSN: 2589-8949 (Medium online) | 2589-8930 (Medium Print)
• Journal title: Journal of Medical Care Research and Review
• First Year published: 2018
• Current Issue Vol. 7 No. 04 (2024): Journal of Medical Care Research and Review
• Frequency: Monthly| 12 per year)

Aim and scope

Journal of Medical Care Research and Review has been force in the area of health services research. Journal's focus has expanded to reflect the growth of the field and the increasing importance of health services research -- while still maintaining the high standards that have kept Journal of Medical Care Research and Review at the forefront of health care research for over half a century.

Current Issue

Vol. 7 No. 04 (2024): Journal of Medical Care Research and Review

Study Of Most Affected Age Group of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending At El-Nuhud Teaching Hospital, West Kordufan State, 2019.

Online First: May 1, 2024 | DOI : 10.52845/mcrr/2024/07-04-1 | Google Scholar | Abstract : 9 Cite this: Journal of Medical Care Research and Review , Vol. 7 No. 04 (2024), May 1, 2024 , Page 01-05

Immunological Issues in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Online First: May 1, 2024 | DOI : 10.52845/mcrr/2024/07-04-2 | Google Scholar | Abstract : 8 Cite this: Journal of Medical Care Research and Review , Vol. 7 No. 04 (2024), May 1, 2024 , Page 06-10

Cited by View all

MEDICAL CARE RESEARCH AND REVIEW

• Journal Search
• Journal Details

Note: The following journal information is for reference only. Please check the journal website for updated information prior to submission.

MED CARE RES REV

HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES

HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

• Popular journals in the same field
• Recent articles

Publish scientific posters with Peeref

Peeref publishes scientific posters from all research disciplines. Our Diamond Open Access policy means free access to content and no publication fees for authors.

Create your own webinar

Interested in hosting your own webinar? Check the schedule and propose your idea to the Peeref Content Team.

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock Locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Clinical Research in Primary Care

Program snapshot.

There is a critical need to extend research participation opportunities to broader communities. This is, in part, because people who are historically underrepresented in research are also often medically underserved and disproportionately impacted by disease and illness (e.g., certain racial and ethnic groups, gender minority groups, people who live in rural environments, older adults, persons experiencing challenging social determinants of health and related experiences). When research study demographics don’t match the demographics of the illness or condition being studied, generalizability of the evidence is compromised, further compounding these health disparities. While most have not talked with their doctor about participating in health research, Americans increasingly agree that opportunities for participation in clinical trials should be a part of regular healthcare. 

Therefore, NIH is proposing to establish a network to conduct research in primary care settings. This network will address barriers to access to clinical research participation by implementing a sustained infrastructure that integrates innovative research with routine clinical care in real world settings, with a focus on sustained engagement with communities that are traditionally underrepresented in clinical research. Improving access to clinical studies will facilitate and accelerate research advances for adoption and implementation into everyday clinical care, improving health outcomes and advancing health equity for all Americans. 

The four goals of this initiative are to: 

• Pilot and implement the infrastructure for a network on primary care-focused clinical research to serve all ICs, particularly those without their own large-scale networks.
• Establish a foundation for sustained engagement with communities underrepresented in clinical research (e.g., racial and ethnic minority groups, gender minority groups, people who live in rural environments, older adults, persons experiencing challenging social determinants of health and related experiences).
• Implement innovative study designs that address common health issues, including disease prevention.
• Engage with community and health care systems to integrate innovative science with routine clinical care and change clinical practice as a result of the research outcomes

The network will involve the following components: 

• Providing oversight of the studies/protocols and site and study selection.
• Providing statistical and data management support
• Developing innovative clinical study designs and implementation strategies to minimize burden on participants and providers in primary care settings.
• Operations Center – Conducting site feasibility assessments, site agreements/contracting, and coordination of study operations (protocol development; compliance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP) regulatory and participant protection requirements; communications; training; auditing; quality assurance; and data monitoring)
• Independent Review and Monitoring Boards - Including Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), Observational Study Monitoring Board (OSMB), and the Central Institutional Review Board (IRB)
• Network Research Hubs – Leveraging existing research networks and partnerships with Clinical Sites to conduct clinical research in primary care settings.
• Community Engagement – Providing support, advice, and resources, in part through partnerships with existing entities, to facilitate sustained participant and community engagement, community-driven research, and integration of studies in primary and community care settings.
• Industry Partnerships – Engaging for-profit partners for collaborative knowledge sharing and potential participation in/use of the infrastructure.

Announcements

New Research Opportunity Announcement available! A new research opportunity is available. Read more now.

• Technical Assistance Webinar, Tuesday, May 14, 2024 at 12:00 PM ET. Register today!
• Technical Assistance Webinar, Wednesday, May 22, 2024 at 12:00 PM ET. Register today!

New Approval On April 5, 2024, The NIH Council of Councils approved the concept of Establishing a Network for Clinical Research in Primary Care. View the presentation slides presented by NIH Director, Dr. Monica Bertagnolli here . And watch the presentation videocast . 

Do you have questions? Email us at: [email protected]

This page last reviewed on May 8, 2024

Prevalence of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages in US Adults, 2011-2020

This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence and temporal evolution of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages.

Safeguarding Research Using Federal Health Insurance Data

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of researcher access to federal health care data following a CMS decision to limit the use of physical data and proposes solutions to maintain access and security.

A 3-Year-Old With Gingival Hemorrhage and Musculoskeletal Pain

A 3-year-old had spontaneous gingival hemorrhage and bilateral limb weakness with inability to bear weight. He had no preceding oral trauma or recent infection, took no regular medications, and had no recent use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; his diet was limited to primarily chicken nuggets and milk. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

Bird Flu Outbreak in Dairy Cows Is Widespread, Raising Public Health Concerns

This Medical News article discusses the current H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in US dairy cattle and its implications for occupational and public health.

Thomas, Unsainted

Denosumab-associated severe hypocalcemia in dialysis-dependent patients, denosumab-associated severe hypocalcemia in dialysis-dependent patients—reply, associations of internal medicine residency milestone ratings and certification examination scores with patient outcomes.

This study examines the association between physicians’ milestone ratings and certification examination scores and hospital outcomes for their patients.

Substances in Counterfeit Prescription Pills Seized by Law Enforcement, 2017-2022

This study examines substances identified during testing of counterfeit prescription pills seized by law enforcement in Rhode Island from 2017 to 2022.

Conveying Risks of Harm in Alzheimer Disease by Amyloid Lowering

This Viewpoint discusses how data gaps in published research impede clinicians’ ability to clearly discuss the risks and benefits of amyloid-lowering drugs for treating Alzheimer disease.

Fritz Kahn and the Centenary of The Doctor of the Future

This JAMA Arts and Medicine feature describes ways in which Fritz Kahn shared a prescient and nuanced vision of technology’s role in the patient-physician interaction, a topic of continued interest and relevance today, through his illustrations.

A Review of Thyroid Cancer

A review of thyroid cancer—reply, racial and ethnic disparities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality among us youth.

This cross-sectional study compares all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends and rates among youth from different races and ethnicities between 1999 and 2021.

• Audio: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth

Youth Experiencing Parental Death Due to Drug Poisoning and Firearm Violence in the US, 1999-2020

This cross-sectional study uses a demographic projection model and publicly available vital statistics data to estimate the national incidence of parental death due to drugs and firearms overall and by race and ethnicity.

Injury Prevention Science and Firearm Injury in Pediatric Health

Ai in medicine, one day, ai could mean better mental health for all.

This Medical News article is an interview with psychiatrist Vikram Patel, chair of the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School.

• Audio: Enhancing Global Mental Health Care With Digital Tools and AI for Scalable Interventions

Despite New Recommendations, the Debate Over Mammography Guidelines Continues

This Medical News story discusses new USPSTF recommendations about the timing of screening mammograms.

• Audio: USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Breast Cancer
• USPSTF Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines Do Not Go Far Enough Wendie A. Berg, MD, PhD JAMA Oncol

Multidrug-Resistant “Super Gonorrhea” Rallies Multipronged Effort

This Medical News article discusses approaches to slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae .

β-Blockers After Heart Attacks Might Not Lower Deaths for Some

Oral drug as effective as topical cream for male pattern baldness, deaths of despair surged among black people over past decade, prostate cancer cases might rise to 3 million globally by 2040, swapping salt for a substitute may lower deaths, reduce heart problems, encouraging exercise through games, money built long-term habits, meta-analysis: touch tied to improved mental, physical health, therapeutic psilocybin's adverse effects mostly resolved within 2 days, young patients without genetic risk have low chance of second breast cancer, smoking cessation after initial treatment failure with varenicline or nicotine replacement : a randomized clinical trial.

This sequential, multiple assignment randomized trial compares treatment strategies and dosages after abstinence from smoking was not achieved after 6 weeks of first-line therapies.

• Audio: Smoking Cessation After Initial Treatment Failure With Varenicline or Nicotine Replacement

Urgent Need for Regulatory Oversight of Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue–Based Products

This Viewpoint discusses the death of a patient caused by unregulated biological products and efforts to encourage federal government oversight of such products.

My Digital Refuge

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical ethicist discusses the complexity of juggling the interests of members in online forums dedicated to rare diseases after being blocked upon disclosing her affiliation with a medical school, thus barring her from the support and information she needed to manage her daughter’s rare disease.

Acronymity : Henry T. Ricketts, MD, Contributing Editor

What is strep throat.

This JAMA Patient Page describes strep throat, its signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and potential complications.

Recurrent Gout and Serum Urate

Recurrent gout and serum urate—reply, health and the 2024 us election, race and ethnicity of reproductive-age females affected by us state abortion bans.

This study compares the race and ethnicity of reproductive-age females between states that implemented restrictive abortion policies after the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision and states that did not.

The FDA and Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

This Viewpoint examines the appropriateness of FDA accelerated approval of novel gene therapies to treat boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy following clinical trials with surrogate outcomes that did not demonstrate net benefits.

Women's Health

The women’s health initiative randomized trials and clinical practice : a review.

This review of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) summarizes the results of the 4 WHI clinical trials on menopausal hormone therapy, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation, and low-fat diet and their applications to current clinical practice.

Climate Change and Health

Climate change and mental health.

This JAMA Insights discusses the adverse effects of climate change on mental health and proposes solutions to help mitigate those effects.

Illness, Isolation, and the Poetry of Illumination

After the diagnosis, you find a moth.

• Editor's Note Illness, Isolation, and the Poetry of Illumination Rafael Campo, MD, MA JAMA

Table Data Errors

Incorrect degree, latest issue, latest from the uspstf.

• USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Breast Cancer
• USPSTF Recommendation: Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment
• USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders
• Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles
• Access PDFs of free articles
• Manage your interests
• Save searches and receive search alerts

When Patients Do Their Own Research

At its best, medicine will be a process of shared decision making, and doctors need to be prepared.

Listen to this article

Produced by ElevenLabs and News Over Audio (NOA) using AI narration.

Miscarriage early in pregnancy is very common—roughly one-fifth of detected pregnancies are thought to end in miscarriage, mostly in the first trimester. After a single miscarriage, patients are typically told that no further testing is needed; most women go on to have healthy pregnancies.

But after multiple miscarriages, doctors and patients begin a process of figuring out what is going on. In these situations, a lot of patients will take information gathering into their own hands. They’ll compile ideas from Google, WebMD, chat boards, support groups, friends, and friends of friends. Patients may arrive at their doctor’s office with file folders of information, cobbled-together ideas of their possibilities. Meanwhile, doctors have clinical knowledge, but they may struggle—especially given their limited time—to engage with their patients’ ideas and guide them.

Medicine wasn’t always this sort of shared process. Not long ago, medical decision making was largely left to doctors. Patients were a passive bunch, arriving at the doctor with their concerns and symptoms, and departing with their doctor’s orders. But today patients have incredible access to information online and elsewhere, and this has prompted a shift to what is sometimes called “shared decision making”: patients and doctors, together, sharing the burden of making consequential health choices.

Emily Oster: Thinking about pregnancy like an economist

This approach sounds great in principle. Shouldn’t patients be involved in decision making about their own health? In the area of obstetrics, the alternative brings to mind deliveries of the 1950s—white-coated doctors smoking cigarettes in their office while women labor in “twilight sleep,” even, in many cases, strapped to the bed. Surely if women had been involved, they would have opted for something a bit more comfortable.

In practice, though, shared decision making can be a source of frustration and confusion, for both sides. From the patient side, it can feel like doctors are either expecting too much engagement— Isn’t it your job to know what to do?— or not listening and not taking the patient’s ideas and preferences seriously. Sometimes it feels like all of this at once. From the medical side, frustration also comes in several forms—with patients who do not want to engage with the decision, and with those who do but are unwilling to listen to expert advice. Why won’t they listen to me? A patient who arrives with her own research can give the impression that she believes her Google search makes her an expert in medicine.

We, the authors of this article, come at this from both angles—one of us is a doctor, and one of us is an expert in statistics who has made a career of helping millions of pregnant people sort through data to make their own best decisions. We both believe that shared decision making in medicine can work, but many doctor-patient interactions today are not working. In our new book, The Unexpected , we try to provide a road map for improving this interaction, focusing on pregnancy. Our idea is simple. Two things are missing from this conversation: some common knowledge, and a script.

First, patients cannot engage with shared decision making if they do not understand the basics of their condition. To return to the example of miscarriage: A very large share of first-trimester miscarriages are a result of chromosomal abnormalities. If a patient does not know how chromosomes work in conception and what might influence them, discussing miscarriage prevention will be difficult. A patient doesn’t possess a doctor’s understanding of their condition—this would be unrealistic—but acquiring basic knowledge will allow patients to most effectively hear and process what is being said.

In particular, patients may benefit from getting a handle on the fundamental medical terminology associated with whatever symptoms they are presenting. Unfamiliar jargon can spark fear far beyond what one would feel if one knew what was being said. “Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome” sounds terrifying if you don’t know that, for many, it’s a treatable condition. When patients do not understand, many will shut down, unable to ask the questions they have or engage with the choices they need to make.

As a result, before doctors ask people to engage with decisions about their health, they need to prepare them. Our book tries to do this for people facing complicated pregnancy conditions. In other cases—cancer treatment, diabetes, other chronic illnesses—different resources exist. Patients should do some homework before they go to the doctor’s office.

The second thing these conversations need is a script. If patients and their doctor had limitless time to talk, then maybe it would be okay to enter the conversation with only a vague idea of the purpose. But time is limited, and that means a script is key, prioritizing questions where the answers matter for decisions.

To return to the miscarriage example, a script might start with the details of what happened. Knowing exactly when in pregnancy a loss occurred, what kind of testing followed it, and how many times it has happened will shape next steps. A second question is whether there are clues as to why it happened, which will inform whether it will happen again. A script might end by talking about what can be done to decrease risk, if anything.

Read: When evidence says no, but doctors say yes

In the best form of this conversation, the doctor brings a deep understanding of what might be going on medically with the patient, the range of possible tests, and what those tests might reveal to the patient. The patient brings a knowledge of their own preferences and their own emotional state. How much information do they want to know? Would they be willing to use more complex medical treatments if they were recommended? Are they even ready to engage emotionally with thinking about trying for pregnancy again?

The central recognition here is that shared decision making isn’t about both sides bringing the same thing to the table and deliberating about it. It’s about two different types of expertise—expertise in medicine on the part of the doctor, and expertise in herself on the part of the patient. Seeing this, in turn, can help the doctors and the patient both recognize when one decision maker should be paramount, or when a decision requires input from both.

An emergency situation—when, say, a person has been in a bike accident, his blood pressure is low, and he is bleeding from his head—isn’t the time for shared decision making. This is when the medical side takes over. No patient needs to be asked whether they think it’s a good idea to scan their head for a skull fracture. At the other end of the spectrum are decisions such as prenatal genetic screening and testing, which are in many cases almost exclusively about patient values and preferences.

Most decisions fall somewhere in between, requiring medical input but with room for patients’ preferences to play a role. Attempting a vaginal birth after a C-section is an example here—both a repeat Cesarean and an attempted vaginal birth have their risks and benefits. The medical expertise comes in explaining these risks and benefits, but the decision for many women here should come down to their own preferences.

With better understanding, clear scripts, and a sense of when different decision makers should dominate, we believe there is space for some decision making to be truly shared. But one more crucial element should be present: trust. Sometimes the desire by patients to play a role in their medical care can seem like a lack of trust in their doctors. And on the flip side, when patients do not feel like their concerns, ideas, or preferences are being listened to, they can lose trust in their provider to find what is best for them . Good decisions require the trust to recognize that we are all rowing in the same direction, and the willingness to engage so we can get there.

​When you buy a book using a link on this page, we receive a commission. Thank you for supporting The Atlantic.

Stop COVID Cohort: An Observational Study of 3480 Patients Admitted to the Sechenov University Hospital Network in Moscow City for Suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection

Collaborators.

• Sechenov StopCOVID Research Team : Anna Berbenyuk ,  Polina Bobkova ,  Semyon Bordyugov ,  Aleksandra Borisenko ,  Ekaterina Bugaiskaya ,  Olesya Druzhkova ,  Dmitry Eliseev ,  Yasmin El-Taravi ,  Natalia Gorbova ,  Elizaveta Gribaleva ,  Rina Grigoryan ,  Shabnam Ibragimova ,  Khadizhat Kabieva ,  Alena Khrapkova ,  Natalia Kogut ,  Karina Kovygina ,  Margaret Kvaratskheliya ,  Maria Lobova ,  Anna Lunicheva ,  Anastasia Maystrenko ,  Daria Nikolaeva ,  Anna Pavlenko ,  Olga Perekosova ,  Olga Romanova ,  Olga Sokova ,  Veronika Solovieva ,  Olga Spasskaya ,  Ekaterina Spiridonova ,  Olga Sukhodolskaya ,  Shakir Suleimanov ,  Nailya Urmantaeva ,  Olga Usalka ,  Margarita Zaikina ,  Anastasia Zorina ,  Nadezhda Khitrina

Affiliations

• 1 Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 2 Inflammation, Repair, and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
• 3 Soloviev Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia.
• 4 School of Physics, Astronomy, and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
• 5 Biobank, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 6 Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 7 Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
• 8 Department of Polymers and Composites, N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia.
• 9 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
• 10 Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
• 11 Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 12 Department of Intensive Care, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 13 Clinic of Pulmonology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 14 Department of Internal Medicine No. 1, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 15 Department of Forensic Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• 16 Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
• 17 Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
• 18 Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
• 19 Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
• 20 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
• PMID: 33035307
• PMCID: PMC7665333
• DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1535

Background: The epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Russian population are unknown. Information on the differences between laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 in real-life settings is lacking.

Methods: We extracted data from the medical records of adult patients who were consecutively admitted for suspected COVID-19 infection in Moscow between 8 April and 28 May 2020.

Results: Of the 4261 patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19, outcomes were available for 3480 patients (median age, 56 years; interquartile range, 45-66). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, chronic cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Half of the patients (n = 1728) had a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while 1748 had a negative RT-PCR but had clinical symptoms and characteristic computed tomography signs suggestive of COVID-19. No significant differences in frequency of symptoms, laboratory test results, and risk factors for in-hospital mortality were found between those exclusively clinically diagnosed or with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR. In a multivariable logistic regression model the following were associated with in-hospital mortality: older age (per 1-year increase; odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.06), male sex (1.71; 1.24-2.37), chronic kidney disease (2.99; 1.89-4.64), diabetes (2.1; 1.46-2.99), chronic cardiovascular disease (1.78; 1.24-2.57), and dementia (2.73; 1.34-5.47).

Conclusions: Age, male sex, and chronic comorbidities were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. The combination of clinical features was sufficient to diagnose COVID-19 infection, indicating that laboratory testing is not critical in real-life clinical practice.

Keywords: COVID-19; Russia; SARS-CoV-2; cohort; mortality risk factors.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: [email protected].

Publication types

• Observational Study
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
• Hospitalization
• Middle Aged

Grants and funding

• 20-04-60063/Russian Foundation for Basic Research

• Alzheimer's disease & dementia
• Arthritis & Rheumatism
• Attention deficit disorders
• Autism spectrum disorders
• Biomedical technology
• Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes
• Endocrinology & Metabolism
• Gastroenterology
• Gerontology & Geriatrics
• Health informatics
• Inflammatory disorders
• Medical economics
• Medical research
• Medications
• Neuroscience
• Obstetrics & gynaecology
• Oncology & Cancer
• Ophthalmology
• Overweight & Obesity
• Parkinson's & Movement disorders
• Psychology & Psychiatry
• Radiology & Imaging
• Sleep disorders
• Sports medicine & Kinesiology
• Vaccination
• Breast cancer
• Cardiovascular disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Colon cancer
• Coronary artery disease
• Heart attack
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Kidney disease
• Lung cancer
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myocardial infarction
• Ovarian cancer
• Post traumatic stress disorder
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Schizophrenia
• Skin cancer
• Type 2 diabetes
• Full List »

share this!

May 7, 2024

This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

trusted source

Examining care and coverage in academic health systems

by Kathryn Ryan, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

A new study published in Population Health Management , which builds on previous work in the journal, describes the Academic Payvider model, a joint approach to care and coverage aimed at reforming the relationship between payers and providers to enhance value-based care.

"There is an undeniable need for reformation of the relationship between health care payers and providers," states Erika Harness, MHA, from the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, and co-authors of the study. The Payvider model is one promising approach, with the partnership model of shared ownership considered to be the most effective. The current study examines "Academic Payviders," a term that describes academic health systems that provide health plans to patients.

The investigators reported rapid growth of Academic Payvider systems within the last two decades. "The growth of Academic Payviders is stimulated by ongoing policy and market factors," stated the investigators.

"Ultimately, this shift in payment models can aid patients and providers alike. The patient experiences benefit from improved coordination and integration, reduced insurance hassles, and increased staff attention to ensuring optimal outcomes. Simultaneously, providers experience reduced administrative burden and burnout."

In an accompanying editorial , Josh Berlin, Chief Executive Officer of Rule of Three, LLC, writes, "Whether the Academic Payvider is the or an answer to an industry fraught with challenges remains to be seen.

"The underlying paper notes the sample size is still relatively small by comparison to the quantity of academic institutions serving health care overall. Nevertheless, these relationships bring inspiration for the art of what is possible to drive complex, higher cost care down through innovative payment and reimbursement structures more effectively and efficiently managed with the expertise of such unique collaborators."

Josh M. Berlin, The Academic Payvider Model: Commentary, Population Health Management (2024). DOI: 10.1089/pop.2024.0058

Explore further

Feedback to editors

New treatment could reverse hair loss caused by autoimmune skin disease alopecia areata

27 minutes ago

New AI tool uses a small set of interpretable variables to rapidly assess self-harm risk

4 hours ago

Individuals of all ages with positive skin or blood test should receive preventive treatment for TB, new study says

14 hours ago

New research reports on financial entanglements between FDA chiefs and the drug industry

A 30-year US study links ultra-processed food to higher risk of early death

A third COVID vaccine dose improves defense for some clinically extremely vulnerable patients

Research team identifies four new genetic risk factors for multiple system atrophy

16 hours ago

About 90% of US adults are on the way to heart disease, study suggests

Researchers identify what drives PARP inhibitor resistance in advanced breast cancer

17 hours ago

How infections influence our social empathy

Related stories.

Opinion: Person-centered health care means ensuring that affected communities are leaders and partners in research

Apr 2, 2024

Importance of physician-led team-based care underscored in new ACP policy

Dec 27, 2023

Bundled payments with co-pay waivers creates substantial cost savings

Mar 1, 2021

Transcendental meditation helps to alleviate burnout in academic physicians

Feb 17, 2023

Burnout, lack of fulfillment linked to intention to leave among physicians

Dec 21, 2023

Medicaid coverage of physical, behavioral health together does not improve access, care

Dec 29, 2023

Recommended for you

Economists imagine an alternate universe where the opioid crisis peaked in '06, and then explain why it didn't

May 6, 2024

Online patient portal usage increasing, study shows

Companies may still buy consumer genetic information despite its modest predictive power

May 2, 2024

Study finds private equity expanding to mental health facilities

May 1, 2024

Patients diagnosed with cancer in prison more likely to die from the disease, research shows

Apr 30, 2024

Let us know if there is a problem with our content

Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our contact form . For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines ).

Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request

Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors.

Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages.

E-mail the story

Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Medical Xpress in any form.

Newsletter sign up

Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties.

More information Privacy policy

Donate and enjoy an ad-free experience

We keep our content available to everyone. Consider supporting Science X's mission by getting a premium account.

E-mail newsletter

Hydroxychloroquine has no effect on SARS-CoV-2 load in nasopharynx of patients with mild form of COVID-19

• Find this author on Google Scholar
• Find this author on PubMed
• Search for this author on this site
• For correspondence: [email protected]
• Info/History
• Preview PDF

Due to the constantly growing numbers of COVID-19 infections and death cases attempts were undertaken to find drugs with anti SARS-CoV-2 activity among ones already approved for other pathologies. In the framework of such attempts, in a number of in vitro, as well as in vivo, models it was shown that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has an effect against SARS-CoV-2. While there was not enough clinical data to support the use of HCQ, several countries including Russia have included HCQ in treatment protocols for infected patients and for prophylactic. Here, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharynx swabs from infected patients in mild conditions and compared the viral RNA load dynamics between patients receiving HCQ and control group without antiviral pharmacological therapy. We found statistically significant relationship between maximal RNA quantity and patients’ deteriorating medical conditions, as well as confirmed the arterial hypertension to be a risk factor for people with COVID-19. However, we showed that HCQ therapy neither shortened the viral shedding period nor reduced the virus RNA load.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

The study was funded by Moscow Department of Healthcare and by the Russian Science Foundation grant, agreement #18-15-00420.

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

Local ethics committees approved the study protocol and all participants provided their written consent.

All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.

Two patients were additionally included into the Control group. Absolute SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number was estimated using viral genomic RNA and the results were compared to synthetic DNA standards. Additional statistics were included into the results. Figures were edited. Manuscript text was edited.

Data Availability

All data generated and analysed during the study are included in the article. Any additional information is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

View the discussion thread.

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about medRxiv.

NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article.

Citation Manager Formats

• EndNote (tagged)
• EndNote 8 (xml)
• RefWorks Tagged
• Ref Manager
• Tweet Widget
• Facebook Like
• Google Plus One

Subject Area

• Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)
• Addiction Medicine (322)
• Allergy and Immunology (625)
• Anesthesia (162)
• Cardiovascular Medicine (2349)
• Dentistry and Oral Medicine (286)
• Dermatology (206)
• Emergency Medicine (377)
• Endocrinology (including Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Disease) (831)
• Epidemiology (11728)
• Forensic Medicine (10)
• Gastroenterology (697)
• Genetic and Genomic Medicine (3705)
• Geriatric Medicine (347)
• Health Economics (632)
• Health Informatics (2380)
• Health Policy (928)
• Health Systems and Quality Improvement (888)
• Hematology (340)
• HIV/AIDS (773)
• Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS) (13287)
• Intensive Care and Critical Care Medicine (767)
• Medical Education (364)
• Medical Ethics (104)
• Nephrology (396)
• Neurology (3467)
• Nursing (197)
• Nutrition (520)
• Obstetrics and Gynecology (668)
• Occupational and Environmental Health (661)
• Oncology (1805)
• Ophthalmology (534)
• Orthopedics (218)
• Otolaryngology (286)
• Pain Medicine (231)
• Palliative Medicine (66)
• Pathology (445)
• Pediatrics (1025)
• Pharmacology and Therapeutics (426)
• Primary Care Research (417)
• Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (3160)
• Public and Global Health (6111)
• Radiology and Imaging (1266)
• Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy (739)
• Respiratory Medicine (822)
• Rheumatology (376)
• Sexual and Reproductive Health (369)
• Sports Medicine (320)
• Surgery (397)
• Toxicology (50)
• Transplantation (171)
• Urology (145)

Appointments at Mayo Clinic

Meditation: a simple, fast way to reduce stress.

Meditation can wipe away the day's stress, bringing with it inner peace. See how you can easily learn to practice meditation whenever you need it most.

If stress has you anxious, tense and worried, you might try meditation. Spending even a few minutes in meditation can help restore your calm and inner peace.

Anyone can practice meditation. It's simple and doesn't cost much. And you don't need any special equipment.

You can practice meditation wherever you are. You can meditate when you're out for a walk, riding the bus, waiting at the doctor's office or even in the middle of a business meeting.

Understanding meditation

Meditation has been around for thousands of years. Early meditation was meant to help deepen understanding of the sacred and mystical forces of life. These days, meditation is most often used to relax and lower stress.

Meditation is a type of mind-body complementary medicine. Meditation can help you relax deeply and calm your mind.

During meditation, you focus on one thing. You get rid of the stream of thoughts that may be crowding your mind and causing stress. This process can lead to better physical and emotional well-being.

Benefits of meditation

Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace and balance that can benefit your emotional well-being and your overall health. You also can use it to relax and cope with stress by focusing on something that calms you. Meditation can help you learn to stay centered and keep inner peace.

These benefits don't end when your meditation session ends. Meditation can help take you more calmly through your day. And meditation may help you manage symptoms of some medical conditions.

Meditation and emotional and physical well-being

When you meditate, you may clear away the information overload that builds up every day and contributes to your stress.

The emotional and physical benefits of meditation can include:

• Giving you a new way to look at things that cause stress.
• Building skills to manage your stress.
• Making you more self-aware.
• Focusing on the present.
• Reducing negative feelings.
• Helping you be more creative.
• Helping you be more patient.
• Lowering resting heart rate.
• Lowering resting blood pressure.
• Helping you sleep better.

Meditation and illness

Meditation also might help if you have a medical condition. This is most often true if you have a condition that stress makes worse.

A lot of research shows that meditation is good for health. But some experts believe there's not enough research to prove that meditation helps.

With that in mind, some research suggests that meditation may help people manage symptoms of conditions such as:

• Chronic pain.
• Depression.
• Heart disease.
• High blood pressure.
• Irritable bowel syndrome.
• Sleep problems.
• Tension headaches.

Be sure to talk to your healthcare professional about the pros and cons of using meditation if you have any of these or other health conditions. Sometimes, meditation might worsen symptoms linked to some mental health conditions.

Meditation doesn't replace medical treatment. But it may help to add it to other treatments.

Types of meditation

Meditation is an umbrella term for the many ways to get to a relaxed state. There are many types of meditation and ways to relax that use parts of meditation. All share the same goal of gaining inner peace.

Ways to meditate can include:

Guided meditation. This is sometimes called guided imagery or visualization. With this method of meditation, you form mental images of places or things that help you relax.

You try to use as many senses as you can. These include things you can smell, see, hear and feel. You may be led through this process by a guide or teacher.

• Mantra meditation. In this type of meditation, you repeat a calming word, thought or phrase to keep out unwanted thoughts.

Mindfulness meditation. This type of meditation is based on being mindful. This means being more aware of the present.

In mindfulness meditation, you focus on one thing, such as the flow of your breath. You can notice your thoughts and feelings. But let them pass without judging them.

• Qigong. This practice most often combines meditation, relaxation, movement and breathing exercises to restore and maintain balance. Qigong (CHEE-gung) is part of Chinese medicine.
• Tai chi. This is a form of gentle Chinese martial arts training. In tai chi (TIE-CHEE), you do a series of postures or movements in a slow, graceful way. And you do deep breathing with the movements.
• Yoga. You do a series of postures with controlled breathing. This helps give you a more flexible body and a calm mind. To do the poses, you need to balance and focus. That helps you to focus less on your busy day and more on the moment.

Parts of meditation

Each type of meditation may include certain features to help you meditate. These may vary depending on whose guidance you follow or who's teaching a class. Some of the most common features in meditation include:

Focused attention. Focusing your attention is one of the most important elements of meditation.

Focusing your attention is what helps free your mind from the many things that cause stress and worry. You can focus your attention on things such as a certain object, an image, a mantra or even your breathing.

• Relaxed breathing. This technique involves deep, even-paced breathing using the muscle between your chest and your belly, called the diaphragm muscle, to expand your lungs. The purpose is to slow your breathing, take in more oxygen, and reduce the use of shoulder, neck and upper chest muscles while breathing so that you breathe better.

A quiet setting. If you're a beginner, meditation may be easier if you're in a quiet spot. Aim to have fewer things that can distract you, including no television, computers or cellphones.

As you get more skilled at meditation, you may be able to do it anywhere. This includes high-stress places, such as a traffic jam, a stressful work meeting or a long line at the grocery store. This is when you can get the most out of meditation.

• A comfortable position. You can practice meditation whether you're sitting, lying down, walking, or in other positions or activities. Just try to be comfortable so that you can get the most out of your meditation. Aim to keep good posture during meditation.
• Open attitude. Let thoughts pass through your mind without judging them.

Everyday ways to practice meditation

Don't let the thought of meditating the "right" way add to your stress. If you choose to, you can attend special meditation centers or group classes led by trained instructors. But you also can practice meditation easily on your own. There are apps to use too.

And you can make meditation as formal or informal as you like. Some people build meditation into their daily routine. For example, they may start and end each day with an hour of meditation. But all you really need is a few minutes a day for meditation.

Here are some ways you can practice meditation on your own, whenever you choose:

Breathe deeply. This is good for beginners because breathing is a natural function.

Focus all your attention on your breathing. Feel your breath and listen to it as you inhale and exhale through your nostrils. Breathe deeply and slowly. When your mind wanders, gently return your focus to your breathing.

Scan your body. When using this technique, focus attention on each part of your body. Become aware of how your body feels. That might be pain, tension, warmth or relaxation.

Mix body scanning with breathing exercises and think about breathing heat or relaxation into and out of the parts of your body.

• Repeat a mantra. You can create your own mantra. It can be religious or not. Examples of religious mantras include the Jesus Prayer in the Christian tradition, the holy name of God in Judaism, or the om mantra of Hinduism, Buddhism and other Eastern religions.

Walk and meditate. Meditating while walking is a good and healthy way to relax. You can use this technique anywhere you're walking, such as in a forest, on a city sidewalk or at the mall.

When you use this method, slow your walking pace so that you can focus on each movement of your legs or feet. Don't focus on where you're going. Focus on your legs and feet. Repeat action words in your mind such as "lifting," "moving" and "placing" as you lift each foot, move your leg forward and place your foot on the ground. Focus on the sights, sounds and smells around you.

Pray. Prayer is the best known and most widely used type of meditation. Spoken and written prayers are found in most faith traditions.

You can pray using your own words or read prayers written by others. Check the self-help section of your local bookstore for examples. Talk with your rabbi, priest, pastor or other spiritual leader about possible resources.

Read and reflect. Many people report that they benefit from reading poems or sacred texts and taking a few moments to think about their meaning.

You also can listen to sacred music, spoken words, or any music that relaxes or inspires you. You may want to write your thoughts in a journal or discuss them with a friend or spiritual leader.

• Focus your love and kindness. In this type of meditation, you think of others with feelings of love, compassion and kindness. This can help increase how connected you feel to others.

Building your meditation skills

Don't judge how you meditate. That can increase your stress. Meditation takes practice.

It's common for your mind to wander during meditation, no matter how long you've been practicing meditation. If you're meditating to calm your mind and your mind wanders, slowly return to what you're focusing on.

Try out ways to meditate to find out what types of meditation work best for you and what you enjoy doing. Adapt meditation to your needs as you go. Remember, there's no right way or wrong way to meditate. What matters is that meditation helps you reduce your stress and feel better overall.

Related information

• Relaxation techniques: Try these steps to lower stress - Related information Relaxation techniques: Try these steps to lower stress
• Stress relievers: Tips to tame stress - Related information Stress relievers: Tips to tame stress
• Video: Need to relax? Take a break for meditation - Related information Video: Need to relax? Take a break for meditation

There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form.

From Mayo Clinic to your inbox

Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. Click here for an email preview.

Error Email field is required

Error Include a valid email address

To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail.

Thank you for subscribing!

You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox.

Sorry something went wrong with your subscription

Please, try again in a couple of minutes

• Meditation: In depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. https://nccih.nih.gov/health/meditation/overview.htm. Accessed Dec. 23, 2021.
• Mindfulness meditation: A research-proven way to reduce stress. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/mindfulness/meditation. Accessed Dec. 23, 2021.
• AskMayoExpert. Meditation. Mayo Clinic. 2021.
• Papadakis MA, et al., eds. Meditation. In: Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022. 61st ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Dec. 23, 2021.
• Hilton L, et al. Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2017; doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9844-2.
• Seaward BL. Meditation. In: Essentials of Managing Stress. 5th ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2021.
• Seaward BL. Managing Stress: Principles and Strategies for Health and Well-Being. 9th ed. Burlington, Mass.: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2018.

Products and Services

• A Book: Mayo Clinic Handbook for Happiness
• A very happy brain
• Alternative cancer treatments: 11 options to consider
• Brain tumor
• Brain Tumor
• What is a brain tumor? A Mayo Clinic expert explains
• Brain tumor FAQs
• Living with Brain Tumors
• Long Term Brain Cancer Survivor
• Mayo Clinic Minute: Meditation is good medicine
• Meditation 2.0: A new way to meditate
• Parkinson's disease
• Punk Guitarist Survives Brain Tumor
• Guided meditation video

Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.

• Opportunities

Mayo Clinic Press

Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press .

• Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Incontinence
• The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press The Essential Diabetes Book
• Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance
• FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment
• Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book
• Meditation A simple fast way to reduce stress

Your gift holds great power – donate today!

Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine.