latex presentation fragile

You can create Beamer (LaTeX/PDF) presentations using the beamer format. Beamer presentations support core presentation features like incremental content and 2-column layouts, and also provide facilities for customizing column layout, specifying frame attributes, and using Beamer themes.

By default, the Beamer format has echo: false and warning: false . As a result, executable code cells in standard Beamer documents won’t show their source or warnings generated. As with other options, you can override this behavior in the document metadata or individually in each executable cell.

See the Beamer format reference for a complete list of all options available for Beamer output.

Creating Slides

In markdown, slides are delineated using headings. For example, here is a simple slide show with two slides (each defined with a level 2 heading ( ## ):

You can also divide slide shows into sections with title slides using a level 1 header ( # ). For example:

Finally, you can also delineate slides using horizontal rules (for example, if you have a slide without a title):

The examples above all use level 2 headings for slides and level 1 headings for sections/title slides. You can customize this using the slide-level option (See the Pandoc documentation on structuring the slide show for additional details.

Incremental Lists

By default number and bullet lists within slides are displayed all at once. You can override this globally using the incremental option. For example:

You can also explicitly make any list incremental or non-incremental by surrounding it in a div with an explicit class that determines the mode. To make a list incremental do this:

To make a list non-incremental do this:

You can also insert a pause within a slide (keeping the content after the pause hidden) by inserting three dots separated by spaces:

Multiple Columns

To put material in side by side columns, you can use a native div container with class .columns , containing two or more div containers with class .column and a width attribute:

The div containers with classes columns and column can optionally have an align attribute. The class columns can optionally have a totalwidth attribute or an onlytextwidth class.

The align attributes on columns and column can be used with the values top , top-baseline , center and bottom to vertically align the columns. It defaults to top in columns .

The totalwidth attribute limits the width of the columns to the given value.

The class onlytextwidth sets the totalwidth to \textwidth .

See Section 12.7 of the Beamer User’s Guide for more details.

Beamer Options

These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using beamer .

slide aspect ratio ( 43 for 4:3 [default], 169 for 16:9, 1610 for 16:10, 149 for 14:9, 141 for 1.41:1, 54 for 5:4, 32 for 3:2)

produce an article from Beamer slides

add extra beamer option with \setbeameroption{}

author affiliations: can be a list when there are multiple authors

logo image for slides

controls navigation symbols (default is empty for no navigation symbols; other valid values are frame , vertical , and horizontal )

enables “title pages” for new sections (default is true)

beamer themes

options for LaTeX beamer themes (a list).

image for title slide

For example, here we use several of these options:

Frame Attributes

Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX [fragile] option to a frame in beamer (for example, when using the minted environment). This can be forced by adding the fragile class to the heading introducing the slide:

All of the other frame attributes described in Section 8.1 of the Beamer User’s Guide may also be used: allowdisplaybreaks , allowframebreaks , b , c , t , environment , label , plain , shrink , standout , noframenumbering .

Background Images

To provide a common background image for all slides in a Beamer presentation, use the background-image format option. For example:

LaTeX/Presentations

LaTeX can be used for creating presentations. There are several packages for the task, such as- Powerdot , Prosper , Seminar , etc, however, the Beamer package is the most widely used.

It should be noted that Latex produces the presentation as a PDF which can be viewed in fullscreen mode with some pdf reader (e.g. Okular , Evince or Adobe Reader). If you want to navigate in your presentation, you can use the almost invisible links in the bottom right corner without leaving the fullscreen mode.

• 1.1 Title page and author information
• 1.2.1 Sections and subsections
• 1.2.2 References (Beamer)
• 1.3.1 The Built-in solution
• 1.3.2 User-defined themes
• 1.3.3.1 Math Fonts
• 1.4 Frames Options
• 1.5 Hyperlink navigation
• 1.6 Animations
• 1.7 Handout mode
• 1.8 Columns
• 1.10 PDF options
• 1.11 Numbering slides
• 2 The Powerdot package
• 3.1 Beamer based themes/examples
• 3.2 References

The Beamer package [ edit | edit source ]

The beamer package is provided with most LaTeX distributions, but is also available from CTAN . If you use MikTeX, all you have to do is to include the beamer package and let LaTeX download all wanted packages automatically. The documentation explains the features in great detail. You can also have a look at the PracTex article Beamer by Example . [1]

The beamer package also loads many useful packages including xcolors, hyperref , etc. An introductory example and its output are shown below.

In above code, the Beamer package is loaded by the \documentclass{beamer} command in the header. The usual header information may then be specified. In Beamer presentation a frame is an equivalent term for the slide (used in MS office). A frame is defined using the environment \begin{frame} ...... \end{frame} . The \frametitle{} command specifies the title for each slide. The frame title and subtitle can also be passed with the environment as following.

The usual environments ( itemize , enumerate , equation , etc.) may be used. Inside frames, you can use environments like block , theorem , proof , ... Also, \maketitle is possible to create the Title page, if title and author are set.

Title page and author information [ edit | edit source ]

The title page is the first page where one may insert following information

• Title and subtitle (optional)- Use \title and \subtitle commands, or use \title[short title (optional)]{Long title}{subtitle (optional)}
• Author(s) name- Use the \author{} command.
• Institute name- Use the \institute command. Note the use of \inst{1} and \inst{2} commands to associate the authors with their respective institutes.
• Date and Place of presentation- It can be inserted using the \date[short date(optional)]{Long date} command.
• Logo of Institute, etc.

It should be noted that the information within square braces, i.e., [ ] is optional.

It is important to include the \maketitle command in the document (as in above code) to create the title frame. The commands \maketitle and \titlepage are equivalent.

Table of Contents [ edit | edit source ]

The table of contents, with the current section highlighted, is displayed by:

This can be done automatically at the beginning of each section using the following code in the preamble:

Or for subsections:

Sections and subsections [ edit | edit source ]

As in all other LaTeX files, it is possible to structure the document using

Those commands have to be put before and between frames. They will modify the table of contents with the argument in brackets. The optional argument will be shown in the headline navigation on the slide, depending on the theme used. You can use \sectionpage macro to generate a separator slide for a declared section, for example

References (Beamer) [ edit | edit source ]

The following example shows a manually made references slide containing two entries:

As the reference list grows, the reference slide will divide into two slides and so on, through use of the allowframebreaks option. Individual items can be cited after adding an 'optional' label to the relevant bibitem stanza. The citation call is simply \cite . Beamer also supports limited customization of the way references are presented (see the manual).

The different types of referenced work are indicated with a little symbol (e.g. a book, an article, etc.). The symbol is set with the commands beamertemplatebookbibitems and beamertemplatearticlebibitems . It is also possible to use setbeamertemplate directly, like so

Other possible types of bibliography items, besides book and article , include e.g. online , triangle and text . It is also possible to have user defined bibliography items by including a graphic.

If one wants to have full references appear as foot notes, use the \footfullcite from the biblatex package. For example, it is possible to use

Themes [ edit | edit source ]

Beamer offers two ways for define the themes- 1) Use built-in themes, 2) Use user-defined themes.

The Built-in solution [ edit | edit source ]

Beamer has several built-in themes which can be used by specifying their "Name" and their "color" in the preamble. This Theme Matrix contains the various theme and color combinations included with Beamer . For more customizing options, have a look to the official documentation included in your distribution of beamer , particularly the part Change the way it looks .

The full list of themes is:

The full list of color themes is:

User-defined themes [ edit | edit source ]

First you can specify the outertheme , which defines the head and the footline of each slide.

Here is a list of all available outer and inner themes:

You can define the color of every element:

Colors can be defined as usual:

Block styles can also be defined:

You can also suppress the navigation symbols:

Fonts [ edit | edit source ]

You may also change the fonts for particular elements. If you wanted the title of the presentation as rendered by \begin { frame } [plain] \titlepage\end { frame } to occur in a serif font instead of the default sanserif, you would use:

You could take this a step further if you are using OpenType fonts with Xe(La)TeX and specify a serif font with increased size and oldstyle proportional alternate number glyphs:

Math Fonts [ edit | edit source ]

The default settings for beamer use a different set of math fonts than one would expect from creating a simple math article. One quick fix for this is to use

Frames Options [ edit | edit source ]

The options to a frame can be passed as following

Some of the useful options and their description is following.

• plain : This option removes all the formatting from your slide and thus give you extra space to accommodate a large figure or a large table.
• shrink : If you want to include lots of text on a slide use the shrink option.
• allowframebreaks  : option will auto-create new frames if there is too much content to be displayed on one.
• fragile : Before using any verbatim environment (like listings ), you should pass the option fragile to the frame environment, as verbatim environments need to be typeset differently. Usually, the form fragile=singleslide is usable (for details see the manual). Note that the fragile option may not be used with \frame commands since it expects to encounter a \end { frame } , which should be alone on a single line.

Hyperlink navigation [ edit | edit source ]

Internal and external hyperlinks can be used in beamer to assist navigation. Clean looking buttons can also be added.

By default the beamer class adds navigation buttons in the bottom right corner. To remove them one can place

in the preamble.

Animations [ edit | edit source ]

It is possible to make figure and text to appear and disappear using the commands such as \pause, \uncover, \only and \itemize<a-b>. Text or figures after these commands will display after one of the following events (which may vary between PDF viewers): pressing space, return or page down on the keyboard, or using the mouse to scroll down or click the next slide button. A short explanation of each command is as follows and refer to chapter 9 of the Beamer manual for more details..

The \pause statement can be used as following to provide a break. I.e. the text after the command will be displayed on next event (button click/ key press/etc.)

The \uncover command specifies the appearance explicitly; \only works the same but without reserving space when hidden.

The \item command specifies appearance and disappearance of text by using <a-b> where a and b are the numbers of the events the item is to be displayed for (inclusive). For example:

A simpler approach for revealing one item per click is to use \begin { itemize } [<+->] .

In all these cases, pressing page up, scrolling up, or clicking the previous slide button in the navigation bar will backtrack through the sequence.

Above command uncovers the item and they are visible only on/after the specified frame numbers. One may also use the \setbeamercovered{transparent} command to see the uncovered items, which are shown with little opacity. This means if the visible text is in black then the uncovered text will be in gray. One may use \setbeamercovered{invisible} to revert this setting.

Similar option is also available for formatting the text. for example if you want the text to be of specific style then you may use \style<3->{Text} command. For example one may use \alert<3->{Some text.} which will show the specified text in the respective formatting for specified slides. Similarly one may use

\textbf, \textit, \textsl, \textrm, \textsf, \textcolor, \structure etc. commands.

Same is true for theorem, corollary, and proof environments. An example is given below.

For the tables one must add \onslide slide command before placing the new line (i.e., \\) .

Test 1 & repeat & 14.5 & 656 \onslide<3-> \\

Handout mode [ edit | edit source ]

In beamer class, the default mode is presentation which makes the slides. However, you can work in a different mode that is called handout by setting this option when calling the class:

This mode is useful to see each slide only one time with all its stuff on it, making any \itemize [<+->] environments visible all at once (for instance, printable version). Nevertheless, this makes an issue when working with the only command, because its purpose is to have only some text or figures at a time and not all of them together.

If you want to solve this, you can add a statement to specify precisely the behavior when dealing with only commands in handout mode. Suppose you have a code like this

These pictures being completely different, you want them both in the handout, but they cannot be both on the same slide since they are large. The solution is to add the handout statement to have the following:

This will ensure the handout will make a slide for each picture.

Now imagine you still have your two pictures with the only statements, but the second one show the first one plus some other graphs and you don't need the first one to appear in the handout. You can thus precise the handout mode not to include some only commands by:

The command can also be used to hide frames, e.g.

or even, if you have written a frame that you don't want anymore but maybe you will need it later, you can write

and this will hide your slide in both modes.

A last word about the handout mode is about the notes. Actually, the full syntax for a frame is

and you can write your notes about a frame in the field note (many of them if needed). Using this, you can add an option

The first one is useful when you make a presentation to have only the notes you need, while the second one could be given to those who have followed your presentation or those who missed it, for them to have both the slides with what you said.

Columns [ edit | edit source ]

Columns environment divides a slide (vertically) into columns. Example

Blocks [ edit | edit source ]

Enclosing text in the block environment creates a distinct, headed block of text (a blank heading can be used). This allows to visually distinguish parts of a slide easily. There are three basic types of block. Their formatting depends on the theme being used.

PDF options [ edit | edit source ]

You can specify the default options of your PDF. [2]

Numbering slides [ edit | edit source ]

It is possible to number slides using this snippet:

However, this poses two problems for some presentation authors: the title slide is numbered as the first one, and the appendix or so-called "backup" (aka appendix, reserve) slides are included in the total count despite them not being intended to be public until a "hard" question is asked. [3] This is where two features come in:

• Ability to exclude certain frames from being numbered. For instance, this may be used at the title slide to avoid counting it:
• This stuff works around the problem of counting the backup frames:

The Powerdot package [ edit | edit source ]

The powerdot package is an alternative to beamer. It is available from CTAN . The documentation explains the features in great detail.

The powerdot package is loaded by calling the powerdot class:

The usual header information may then be specified.

Inside the usual document environment, multiple slide environments specify the content to be put on each slide.

Simple presentations [ edit | edit source ]

The beamer class is very powerful and provides lots of features. For a very simple presentation, a class based on article can be used.

Beamer based themes/examples [ edit | edit source ]

Some of the nice examples of the presentation are available below

• The Nord beamer theme
• Metropolis theme
• Kenton Hamaluik
• A list of theme maintained at github

References [ edit | edit source ]

• ↑ Andrew Mertz and William Slough, Beamer by Example
• ↑ Other possible values are defined in the hyperref manual
• ↑ Appendix Slides in Beamer: Controlling frame numbers

Links [ edit | edit source ]

• Wikipedia:Beamer (LaTeX)
• Beamer user guide (pdf) from CTAN
• The powerdot class (pdf) from CTAN
• A tutorial for creating presentations using beamer

• Pages using deprecated enclose attributes
• Wikibooks pages with to-do lists

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Writing Beamer presentations in org-mode

1. introduction.

Beamer is a LaTeX package for writing presentations. This documents presents a simple introduction to preparing beamer presentations using org-mode in Emacs.

This documents assumes that the reader is already acquainted with org-mode itself and with exporting org-mode documents to LaTeX. There are tutorials and references available for both org-mode itself, for LaTeX exporting , and for Beamer exporting . The document also assumes that the reader understands the notation for Emacs keybindings .

2. First steps

2.1. the export template.

Starting with an empty file called presentation.org 1 , say, the first step is to insert the default org export template ( C-c C-e # with the default keybindings). This will generate something that looks like this (some specific entries will vary):

In this default template, you will want to modify, at the very least, the title, as I have done, as this will be used as the title of your presentation. It will often be useful to modify some of the LaTeX export options, most commonly the toc option for generating a table of contents. For this document, and the associated sample presentation , I have left all options as they are by default according to the template.

2.2. Beamer specific settings

As well as the general options provided by the template, there are Beamer specific options. The following options are what I use:

The first line enables the Beamer specific commands for org-mode (more on this below); the next two tell the LaTeX exporter to use the Beamer class and to use the larger font settings 2 .

2.3. Outline levels for frames (slides)

The following line specifies how org headlines translate to the Beamer document structure.

A Beamer presentation consists of a series of slides, called frames in Beamer. If the option shown above has a value of 1, each top level headline will be translated into a frame. Beamer, however, also makes use of LaTeX sectioning to group frames. If this appeals, setting the option to a value of 2 tells org to export second level headlines as frames with top level headlines translating to sections.

2.4. Column view for slide and block customisation

The final line that is useful to specify to set up the presentation is

The purposes of this line is to specify the format for the special interface that org-mode provides to control the layout of individual slides. More on this below.

Once all of the above has been set up, you are ready to write your presentation.

3. The slides

Each slide, or frame in Beamer terminology, consists of a title and the content. The title will be derived from the outline headline text and the content will simply be the content that follows that headline. A few example slides are presented below. These will only cover the basic needs; for more complex examples and possible customisations, I refer you to the detailed manual .

3.1. A simple slide

The simplest slide will consist of a title and some text. For instance,

defines a new section, Introduction , which has a slide with title A simple slide and a three item list. The result of this with the settings defined above, mostly default settings, will generate a slide that looks like this:

3.2. A more complex slide using blocks

Beamer has the concept of block, a set of text that is logically together but apart from the rest of the text that may be in a slide. How blocks are presented will depend on the Beamer theme used ( customisation in general and choosing the theme specifically are described below).

There are many types of blocks. The following

creates a slide that has a title (the headline text), a couple of sentences in paragraph format and then a theorem block (in which I prove that org increases productivity). The theorem proof is a list of points followed a bit of LaTeX code at the end to draw a fancy end of proof symbol right adjusted.

You will see that there is an org properties drawer that tells org that the text under this headline is a block and it also specifies the type of block. You do not have to enter this text directly yourself; org-mode has a special beamer sub-mode which provides an easy to use method for specifying block types (and columns as well, as we shall see in the next section ).

To specify the type of block, you can type C-c C-b 3 . This brings up a keyboard driven menu in which you type a single letter to select the option you wish to apply to this headline. For the above example, I typed C-c C-b t . The options selected in this manner are also shown as tags on the headline. However, note that the tag is for display only and has no direct effect on the presentation. You cannot change the behaviour by changing the tag; it is the property that controls the behaviour.

3.3. Slides with columns

The previous section introduced the special access keys ( C-c C-b ) for defining blocks. This same interface allows you to define columns. A headline, as the text that follows it, can be in a block, in a column, or both simutaneously. The | option will define a column. The following

defines a two column slide. As the text in the slide says, the left column is a list and the right one is an image. The left column's headline text is ignored. The column on the right however is placed with an example block (whose appearance will depend on the Beamer theme).

The columns also have widths. By default, these widths are the proportion of the page width to use so I have specified 40% for the left column and 60% for the right one.

The image in the right column is inserted simply by specifying a link to the image file with no descriptive text. I have added an attribute to the image (see the #+ATTR_LATEX line above) to tell LaTeX to scale the image to the full width of the column ( \textwidth ).

3.4. Using Babel

One of my main uses for Beamer is the preparation of slides for teaching. I happen to teach Octave to engineering students. Org provides the Babel framework for embedding code within org files. For teaching, this is an excellent tool for presenting codes and the results of evaluating those codes.

For instance, the following code:

will generate a slide with two blocks and a pause between the display of each of the two blocks:

4. Customisation

Org has a very large number of customisable aspects. Although daunting at first, most options have defaults that are suitable for most people using org initially. The same applies to the Beamer export support. However, there are some options which many will soon wish to change.

4.1. Beamer theme

Beamer has a large number of themes and I simply refer the reader to the manual or the Web to find what themes are available and what they look like. When you have chosen a theme, you can tell org to use it by inserting some direct LaTeX code into the preamble of the document, the material that comes before the first headline. For instance, adding this line

to the preamble after the beamer font size option described above will produce a presentation that looks very different from the default (with no other changes required!):

4.2. Table of contents

The default toc:t option generated by the export template command ( C-c C-e # ) indicates that a table of contents will be generated. This will create a slide immediately after the title slide which will have the list of sections in the beamer document. Please note that if you want this type of functionality, you will have to specify the BEAMER-FRAME-LEVEL to be 2 instead of 1 as indicated above .

Furthermore, if you have decided to use sections, it is possible to have Beamer automatically place a table of contents slide before the start of each section with the new section highlighted. This is achieved by inserting the following LaTeX code, again in the preamble:

4.3. Column view for slide and block customisation

In an early section of this document , I described a magical incantation! This incantation defines the format for viewing org property information in column mode. This mode allows you to easily adjust the values of the properties for any headline in your document. This image shows the type of information you can see at a glance in this mode:

We can see the various blocks that have been defined as well as any columns (implicit by the presence of a column width). By moving to any of these column entries displayed, values can be added, deleted or changed easily. Please read the full org Beamer manual for details.

A previously created example presentation is available.

I am a firm believer in using the largest font possible to encourage less text on slides. This is obviously a personal view.

org-beamer-mode must be turned on for this keybinding to be available.

Documentation from the orgmode.org/worg/ website (either in its HTML format or in its Org format) is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 or later. The code examples and css stylesheets are licensed under the GNU General Public License v3 or later.

Why LaTeX beamer needs fragile when using verbatim

Feb 20, 2011 • Pieter Belmans

• programming

If you wish to use a {verbatim} environment in a frame, you have to add the option [fragile] to the {frame} environment. In this case, [...] and the \end{frame} must be alone on a single line. Using this option will cause the frame contents to be written to an external file and the read back .

If a frame contains fragile text, different internal mechanisms are used to typeset the frame to ensure that inside the frame the character codes can be reset. The price of switching to another internal mechanism is that either you cannot use overlays or an external file needs to be written and read back (which is not always desirable). In detail, the following happens when this option is given for normal (pdf)LaTeX: The contents of the frame is scanned and then written to a special file named ⟨ jobname ⟩.vrb or, if a label has been assigned to the frame, ⟨ jobname ⟩.⟨ current frame number ⟩.vrb . Then, the frame is started anew and the content of this file is read back. Since, upon reading of a file, the character codes can be modified, this allows you to use both verbatim text and overlays. To determine the end of the frame, the following rule is used: The first occurence of a single line containing exactly \end{⟨ frame environment name ⟩} ends the frame. The ⟨ environment name ⟩ is normally frame , but it can be changed using the environment option. This special rule is needed since the frame contents is, after all, not interpreted when it is gathered.

Beamer Code Listing — Syntax highlighter

Your guide to formatting and highlighting source codes in Beamer

• 1. Fragile option

2. Code listing using minted package

3. more details about fragile option, 1. fragile option is what you need to insert codes in beamer frames.

To make this environments work, you just have to pass the fragile option to the frame where the code will go, and everything will work as expected. We already used this option in lesson: Your Guide to Beamer blocks .

If you, as me, are interested in why this works, I am going to dive into it in this section “ More details about fragile option “

To highlight the use of minted package for code syntax highlighting, we consider the following example:

Compiling this code yields:

• For this illustrative example, we used CambridgeUS template . For more Beamer templates, check this lesson !
• We loaded minted package to highlight source codes in beamer.
• As we mentioned above, we added the option [fragile] to the frame environment in order to be able to insert, format and highlight source codes.
• The frame has the title “Python code listing in Beamer” which is added using the command \frametitle{} .
• Thanks to fragile option, we used the command \verb| | to highlight the syntax print() without errors.
• We added rule{\textwidth}{1pt} before and after the code listing to draw a horizontal line with width equal to text width and height equal to 1pt.
• We used minted environment with the option python to specify the code language.

First of all, we have to understand what fragile means. This concept has to do with expansion and execution. TeX does these at the same time: first it reads a token, expands it so that only low-level tokens are left and then executes it. But this cycle isn’t always followed: for instance when moving text around this behavior changes.

For instance , when creating a table of contents, since all the chapters, sections and subsections are scattered around your document, but in the end they all end up in the table of contents. To do so, TeX, when reading and executing a \section command, will write the current section’s title and number to a .toc file. After all the commands have been parsed, TeX will fill the table of contents based on the data that was collected in the .toc file.

This can represent a problem because the meaning of code changes during TEX’s process, and only when the typesetting is done the actual meaning of some commands can be determined. So when writing data to a file, some expansions must not occur, because they are dependent on the current situation; examples of these are: commands with optional arguments, line breaks , footnotes and inline math . To deal with this issues, TeX offers the \protect command, which can be used to protect fragile commands . In general, the commands that are not fragile (and thus need not protection) are called robust .

But again one may ask why bother to do so. The truth is that beamer is a very complex package, to the point that it tunes the TeX internal character codes (which are, in turn, one of the most fundamental elements of TeX). When a frame contains fragile text, different internal mechanisms are used to typeset the frame to ensure that inside the frame the character codes can be reset.

The price of switching to another internal mechanism is that either you cannot use overlays (one of beamer’s main features, and the reason why character codes are changed, since overlays are specified with the symbols < > , which have to change they character codes) or an external file needs to be written and read back (which is not always desirable, because of the extended compilation time, but is the last option available).

It is clear that the character codes are not easily reset when verbatim code appears inside the frame, since the verbatim environments change the character codes, so that you don’t have to use {} as delimiters (and thus you can use them inside the command). For instance, I use the delimiters \verb| | (but to write this, I had to use as delimiters + signs).

Next Lesson:  13 Beamer Font: Change its Size, Family and style

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LaTeX forum ⇒ Text Formatting ⇒ beamer | Fragile Frames as new Commands

Beamer | fragile frames as new commands.

Post by turok » Wed Oct 17, 2012 12:41 pm

Post by josephwright » Wed Oct 17, 2012 6:40 pm

Post by CrazyHorse » Wed Oct 17, 2012 7:02 pm

turok wrote: I have a problem with following code: \documentclass{beamer} \newcommand{\frameFragile}{\frame[fragile]} \begin{document} \frame[fargile]{A}% works \frameFragile{A}% don't works \end{document}

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