how to reference a newspaper in an assignment

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Magazine/Newspaper Articles

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Biblical Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Films/Videos/TV Shows
• How to Cite: Other
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

Magazine/newspaper article from a website, magazine/newspaper article from a library database, magazine/newspaper article in print, magazine/newspaper article with an unknown author.

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

How Do I Know If It's a Newspaper?

Not sure whether your article is from a newspaper? Look for these characteristics:

• Main purpose is to provide readers with a brief account of current events locally, nationally or internationally.
• Can be published daily, semiweekly or weekly.
• Articles are usually written by journalists who may or may not have subject expertise.
• Written for the general public, readers don't need any previous subject knowledge.
• Little, if any, information about other sources is provided.

Articles may also come from journals or magazines.

If an item has no author, start the citation with the article title.

If, and only if, the article is signed "Anonymous", put the word Anonymous where you would normally place the author's name.

Cite author names in the order in which they appear on the source, not in alphabetical order.

Italicize titles of journals, magazines and newspapers. Do not italicize or use quotation marks for the titles of articles.

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

If an item has no date, use the short form n.d. where you would normally put the date.

If an original publication date and a last updated date are provided, use the last updated date. If the more current date is "last reviewed" instead of "last updated," use the original publication date (since the review may not have changed the content).

Retrieval Dates

Most articles will not need these in the citation. Only use them for online articles from places where content may change often, like a free website or a wiki.

Page Numbers

If an article has no page numbers provided, leave that part of the citation out in the References List.

If an article doesn't appear on continuous pages, list all the page numbers the article is on, separated by commas. For example (4, 6, 12-14)

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

• APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any.  Name of Newspaper . URL

Note:  If the article is on continuous pages put a dash (-) between the first and last page numbers. If the article appears on discontinuous page numbers, give all page numbers separated with commas between them.

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/11/health/11iht-11brod.8685746.html

Note: This entry has no page numbers, so this information is left out of the citation.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Author's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Brody, 2007)

In-Text Quote:

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number if available)

Note: This entry has no page numbers, paragraph numbers, or section headings so this information is left out of the in-text citation.

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any.  Name of Newspaper,  SectionPage if Given. 

Note:  For newspaper articles from library databases, include the newspaper title and any volume/issue/page numbers that are provided. Do not include the database information.

Kidd, K. (2011, August 7). Cart blanche: City of Portland celebrates sidewalk dining with minimal rules for food carts. The Toronto Star,  A5.

Example: (Kidd, 2011)

Example: (Kidd, 2011, p. A5)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any.  Name of Newspaper , SectionPage.

Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post , A1, A4.

Example: (Schwartz, 1993)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)

Example: (Schwartz, 1993, A1)

Title of article: Subtitle if any. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given).  Name of Newspaper , SectionPage.

Note:  If an author's name is not given, do not include an author in the citation; however, if the article is signed "Anonymous," then use "Anonymous" in place of the author's name. 

Get on board for train safety. (2012, June 17).  The New York Times , A14.

("One two or three words from the title", Year)

Example: ("Get on board", 2012)

Note: Choose one or more words from the title, enough to clearly identify the article. Use double quotation marks around the words from a title of an article in the in-text citation.

("One two or three words from the title", Year, Page Number)

Example: ("Get on board," A14)

Note: Choose one or more words from the title, enough to clearly identify the article. Use double quotation marks around the words from title of an article in the in-text citation.

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Generate accurate MLA citations for free

• Knowledge Base
• How to cite a newspaper article in MLA

How to Cite a Newspaper in MLA | Format & Examples

Published on January 14, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on March 5, 2024.

To cite a newspaper article in MLA style , list the author , title , name of the newspaper, date of publication, and URL (for online articles) or page number (for print articles). Use the interactive example below to explore the format.

You can also use Scribbr’s free MLA Citation Generator to effortlessly create MLA citations for newspaper articles.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

Page numbers in newspaper citations, citing a newspaper from a database, citing local newspapers, frequently asked questions about mla citations.

In your Works Cited entry, always include page numbers when available. Use “p.” for a single page or “pp.” for multiple pages. Page numbers in newspapers are often written with letters, e.g. “D3”; make sure to include the letters if present.

Use an en dash for a range of consecutive pages (e.g. “pp. 4–6”). For articles that appear on non-consecutive pages (e.g. starting on the first page but continued on the sixth), MLA recommends just writing the first page number followed by a plus sign.

In an in-text citation, only add a page number if the article extends across multiple pages. If the article is entirely on one page, the page number is already specified in the Works Cited, so you just write the author’s last name in your in-text citation.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

To cite a newspaper article you accessed through a database, just include the usual information for a print newspaper, followed by the name of the database in italics.

Note that a shortened version of the title is used in the in-text citation, since no author is listed for the article in this case.

When citing a local newspaper (one that is not published nationally or internationally), it’s sometimes necessary to clarify the publication you mean by including the city name in square brackets after the name of the newspaper. You don’t need to do this if the city is already part of the newspaper name.

• Dallas Observer [Dallas]
• Dallas Observer
• The Gazette
• The Gazette [Montreal]

In an MLA style Works Cited entry for a newspaper , you can cite a local newspaper in the same way as you would a national one, except that you may have to add the name of the city in square brackets to clarify what newspaper you mean, e.g. The Gazette [Montreal].

Do not add the city name in brackets if it’s already part of the newspaper’s name, e.g. Dallas Observer .

When an article (e.g. in a newspaper ) appears on non-consecutive pages (e.g. starting on page 1 and continuing on page 6), you should use “pp.” in your Works Cited entry, since it’s on multiple pages, but MLA recommends just listing the first page followed by a plus sign, e.g. pp. 1+.

The title of an article is not italicized in MLA style , but placed in quotation marks. This applies to articles from journals , newspapers , websites , or any other publication. Use italics for the title of the source where the article was published. For example:

Use the same formatting in the Works Cited entry and when referring to the article in the text itself.

If a source has no author, start the MLA Works Cited entry with the source title . Use a shortened version of the title in your MLA in-text citation .

If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator (e.g. a chapter number, or a timestamp for a video or audio source) to identify the relevant passage in your in-text citation. If the source has no numbered divisions, cite only the author’s name (or the title).

If you already named the author or title in your sentence, and there is no locator available, you don’t need a parenthetical citation:

• Rajaram  argues that representations of migration are shaped by “cultural, political, and ideological interests.”
• The homepage of The Correspondent describes it as “a movement for radically different news.”

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2024, March 05). How to Cite a Newspaper in MLA | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved July 5, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/newspaper-citation/

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Newspaper Article References

This page contains reference examples for newspaper articles, including the following:

• Newspaper article
• Comment on an online newspaper article

1. Newspaper article

Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html

Harlan, C. (2013, April 2). North Korea vows to restart shuttered nuclear reactor that can make bomb-grade plutonium. The Washington Post , A1, A4.

Stobbe, M. (2020, January 8). Cancer death rate in U.S. sees largest one-year drop ever. Chicago Tribune .

• Parenthetical citations : (Carey, 2019; Harlan, 2013; Stobbe, 2020)
• Narrative citations : Carey (2019), Harlan (2013), and Stobbe (2020)
• In the source element of the reference, provide at minimum the title of the newspaper in italic title case.
• If the newspaper article is from an online newspaper that has a URL that will resolve for readers (as in the Carey example), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference. If volume, issue, and/or page numbers for the article are missing, omit these elements from the reference.
• If you used a print version of the newspaper article (as in the Harlan example), provide the page or pages of the article after the newspaper title. Do not include the abbreviations “p.” or “pp.” before the page(s).
• If the newspaper article is from an academic research database, provide the title of the newspaper and any volume, issue, and/or page numbers that are available for the article. Do not include database information in the reference. If the article does not have volume, issue, or page numbers available, the reference in this case ends with the title of the newspaper (as in the Stobbe example).
• If the article is from a news website (e.g., CNN, HuffPost)—one that does not have an associated daily or weekly newspaper—use the format for a webpage on a news website instead.

2. Comment on an online newspaper article

sidneyf. (2020, October 7). Oh, I don’t know; perhaps the common-sense conclusion that packing people together — for hours — like sardines — may be an [Comment on the article “When will it be safe to travel again?”]. The Washington Post . https://wapo.st/3757UlS

• Parenthetical citation : sidneyf (2020)
• Narrative citation : sidneyf (2020)
• Credit the person who left the comment as the author using the format that appears with the comment (i.e., a real name or a username). The example shows a username.
• Provide the comment title or up to the first 20 words of the comment; then write “Comment on the article” and the title of the article on which the comment appeared (in quotation marks and sentence case, enclosed within square brackets).
• Link to the comment itself if possible. Either the full URL or a short URL is acceptable. The example shows a URL that the writer has shortened with the bitly URL shortening service.
• If the comment belongs to an article from a news website (e.g., CNN, HuffPost)—one that does not have an associated daily or weekly newspaper—use the format for a comment on a webpage on a news website.

Newspaper article references are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 10.1 and the Concise Guide Section 10.1

How To - Use the APA Style Guide

• APA Style: Home
• What is new in the 7th Edition?
• Elements of APA Reference Lists
• Formatting & Sample Papers
• Book Reference Examples
• Journal Article Reference Examples
• Magazine Article Reference Examples
• Newspaper Article Reference Examples
• Reference Work Reference Examples
• Websites Reference Examples
• Images/Art Reference Examples
• Video & Film Reference Examples
• Social Media Reference Examples
• Citations for Paraphrased Sources
• Citing Direct Quotations
• Formatting Authors in In-Text Citations
• Citing Secondary Sources
• Video Tutorials: APA Style
• Annotated Bibliography This link opens in a new window
• --- How To - Use Citation Style Guides ---
• Using Zotero This link opens in a new window
• Using Mendeley This link opens in a new window

7th ed Newspaper Article Examples

Newspaper articles.

NOTE: Don't forget to indent the second and subsequent lines. 

Newspaper Article – Print or From a Database

Use this format to cite a newspaper article you found the article in print form or from a database like News & Newspapers - ProQuest.

General Format

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of article. Title of newspaper , Section.

For Example

Brody, L. (2020, January 13). Cherry blossoms can't wait for spring. Wall Street Journal , A.10B.

Corresponding In-Text Citation

(Brody, 2020)

Brody (2020)

Newspaper Article – From Publisher’s Website

Use this format to cite an article you found on a newspaper's website like the New York Times website or the Boston Globe website.

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of article. Title of newspaper . URL

Houghton, K. (2020, January 16). Communities struggle as recycling costs soar to nearly twice that of trash disposal. New Hampshire Union Leader . https://www.unionleader.com/news/environment/communities-struggle-as-recycling-costs-soar-to-nearly-twice-that/article_3116f606-a0ae-52f8-a9da-61d247f7fbde.html

(Houghton, 2020)

Houghton (2020)

Newspaper Article – From the Web

An article from an online news site (like CNN, Fox News, HuffPost, and BBC), is considered a webpage on a website.

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of work , Site Name. URL

Andrew, S. (2020, January 16). An orphaned teen is being forced out of his grandparents' senior community because he's too young . CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/16/us/orphan-teen-kicked-out-grandparents-hoa-trnd/index.html

(Andrew, 2020)

Andrew (2020)

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / MLA Format / How to Cite a Newspaper Article in MLA

How to Cite a Newspaper Article in MLA

Newspaper – A daily or weekly publication that contains news, often featuring articles on political events, crime, business, art, entertainment, society, and sports.

Some examples of popular newspapers include The New York Times , Wall Street Journal , USA Today , and The Chicago Tribune .

How to cite a newspaper in print

View Screenshot | Cite your source

When citing a newspaper in print

• The city name is in the name of the newspaper.
• It is a national or international newspaper.
• Page numbers : One page number is “p. #” More than one page is “pp. ##-##.”

How to cite a newspaper article found online

Cite your source

When citing a newspaper found online

• URL : Omit the https://.
• Accessed date : Technically, the access date is supplemental and does not always need to be included. However, due to the easily changeable nature of online information, many teachers prefer to include it in the citation.

How to cite a newspaper article found on a database

When citing a newspaper article found on a database

• Accessed date : Technically, the access date is supplemental. However, some teachers will request to have it included.

Published October 31, 2011. Updated May 18, 2021.

MLA Formatting Guide

MLA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Sample Paper
• Works Cited
• MLA 8 Updates
• MLA 9 Updates
• View MLA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all MLA Examples

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To cite an online newspaper article in MLA style, you need to have basic information including the author, publication date, title of the article, newspaper name, and the URL. The templates for in-text citations and works-cited-list entries of an online newspaper article, along with examples, are given below for one author:

In-text citation template and example:

For citations in prose, use the first name and surname of the author in the first occurrence. In subsequent citations, use only the surname. In parenthetical citations, always use only the surname of the author.

Citation in prose:

First mention: Jane Brody . . .

Subsequent occurrences: Brody . . .

Parenthetical:

. . . (Brody)

Works-cited-list entry template and example:

The title of the article is in plain text and title case; it is placed inside quotation marks. The newspaper name is given in italics. Follow the format given in the template and example for writing the date, month, and year.

Surname, First Name. “Title of the Article.” Title of the Newspaper , Publication date, URL.

Reuters. “Wildfire in Southern Spain Forces 500 to Flee.” The Times of India , 9 Sept. 2021, www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/wildfire-in-southern-spain-forces-500-to-flee/articleshow/86063279.cms .

To cite an article from the New York Times in MLA style, you need to have basic information including the author, publication date, title of the article, and the URL. The templates for in-text citation and works-cited-list entry of an article from the New York Times, along with examples, are given below for one author:

The title of the article is in plain text and title case; it is placed inside quotation marks. The newspaper name, “ The New York Times ,” is given in italics. Follow the format given in the template and example for writing the date, month, and year.

Surname, First Name. “Title of the Article.” The New York Times , Publication date, URL.

Brody, Jane. “How Vision Loss Can Affect the Brain.” The New York Times , 10 Sept. 2021, www.nytimes.com/2021/09/06/well/live/vision-loss-brain-health.html .

MLA Citation Examples

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News & Newspaper Research

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• Citation How-To & Examples

Citation Styles & Examples

Citation Tools: BEST FOR CITING NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

OWL @ Purdue Guide to Chicago Style - Page on Periodicals - SCROLL DOWN to the section on Newspapers The basic format for citing newspaper articles in Chicago style is towards the bottom of this page. A few relevant sections are copied here for quick reference:

Notes and bibliographic entries for newspapers should include the following: name of the author (if listed), headline or column heading, newspaper name, month (often abbreviated), day, and year. Since issues may include several editions, page numbers are usually omitted. If an online edition of a newspaper is consulted, the URL should be added at the end of the citation. Time stamps may be appropriate to include when stories for unfolding events are modified.

Examples: Footnote or Endnote Format:  1. Nisha Deo, “Visiting Professor Lectures on Photographer,”  Exponent  (West Lafayette, IN), Feb. 13, 2009.

Bibliography Format:  Deo, Nisha. “Visiting Professor Lectures on Photographer.”  Exponent  (West Lafayette, IN), Feb. 13, 2009.

Citation Tools : BEST FOR REGULAR SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ARTICLES & BOOKS

GoogleScholar  Citations: Copy and Paste For a super easy way to get citations in Chicago Style: 1. Look for your journal article or book (etc.) in  GoogleScholar 2. In the search results, click on the Quote Mark button underneath the item (  "  ) 3. A box should pop up with the citation formatted in several styles: Chicago, APA, MLA, etc. Copy and Paste the correct one. MOST OTHER SCHOLARLY DATABASES HAVE THE SAME TOOL BUILT IN.  Just look for a quote mark button, a link to "Cite," or similar.

OWL @ Purdue Guide to Chicago Style Simple guide to Chicago - recommended. Describes not just citation styles, but also how to format your paper, etc. If you need more detail check out the full Chicago manual in print.

EasyBib This is one of several free online citation generators that will create citations that you can cut-and-paste into your paper. BE CAREFUL to use the correct tab (Book, Journal, etc.) and proofread the results!

Zotero Very cool free app that lets you grab citations from anywhere online with one or two clicks, plus has lots of other features, such as formatting entire bibliographies, note-taking tools, online back-up, integration with Word, etc. Very nice but does have a learning curve.

Annotated Bibliography Examples

What is an Annotated Bibliography? One-page guide from the University of Washington with an example in Chicago Style

Sample Annotated Bibliography in APA Style  Although this is in APA style, the content and layout are very similar to what you will do in your assignment. More  critical assessment of the sources would be an improvement, though. This example mostly provides a description of the sources' content without analyzing or critiquing them.

Annotated Bibliography - real life example This example on Media created for the FCC shows how annotated bibliographies are used outside the classroom to inform policy decisions.

Literature Review Examples & Guides

Example of  transforming an Annotated Bibliography into a Literature Review This sample from the Ithaca College Library gives an example of how a student could take sources from an annotated bibliography and work them into a Literature Review.

Guide to making Literature Reviews Very nice guide from UNC Chapel Hill gives lots of tips for how to organize your review logically and make a strong argument.

"Economic aspects and the Summer Olympics: a review of related research."  by Evangelia Kasimati.  International journal of tourism research  5, no. 6 (2003): 433-444. This is an example of a Ph.D.-level annotated bibliography. Notice how the author divided the literature review into subsections and analyzed her sources through a few different lenses: 1. What overall view of the issue did they describe; 2. Methodologies; 3. Types of Economic Assessments; etc.; and she provides an analysis of where the scholarly literature is in  agreement vs. disagreement,  as well as pointing out gaps. 

Northwestern University's Political Science Department: Award-Winning Undergrad Papers This web page provides links to about a dozen senior theses in political science. There are many good examples here of what a well-written senior paper can achieve! Check out their literature review sections to see how multiple examples of how they can be written. The literature review is normally right after the introduction. 

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How to Cite a Newspaper Article

Last Updated: April 21, 2023

This article was reviewed by Gerald Posner and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Gerald Posner is an Author & Journalist based in Miami, Florida. With over 35 years of experience, he specializes in investigative journalism, nonfiction books, and editorials. He holds a law degree from UC College of the Law, San Francisco, and a BA in Political Science from the University of California-Berkeley. He’s the author of thirteen books, including several New York Times bestsellers, the winner of the Florida Book Award for General Nonfiction, and has been a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. He was also shortlisted for the Best Business Book of 2020 by the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing. This article has been viewed 95,517 times.

Whether you're writing a paper for a school assignment or creating a presentation, you may want to use a newspaper article as a source. Generally, newspaper articles are cited differently than books or articles in scholarly journals. The format of the citation varies slightly among Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Chicago citation styles. Your citation also may differ if you're citing the article from the newspaper's website, rather than from the print version.

Sample Citations

• Example: Kent, Clark.
• If there's no author, skip to the next element in the citation.

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away."

• If you include the city in brackets, it isn't italicized.
• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis],

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis], 17 July 2017, p. A1.
• If the article appears online without a page number, simply place a period after the date of publication.

• Database example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis], 17 July 2017, p. A1. DC News.
• URL example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis], 17 July 2017, p. A1. www.dailyplanet.com/superman_spurns_gotham.

• Example: (Kent, A1)
• If there's no author listed, place the first word or words of the title in quotation marks for your parenthetical. If there's no page number, simply leave that part out.

• Example: Clark, K.
• If the article has no author, start your bibliographic entry with the title of the article in sentence-case. Capitalize only the initial word and any proper nouns.

• Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17).
• For articles with no author, put the date in parentheses after the title of the article.

• Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17). Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away.

• Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17). Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet , p. A1.

• Database example: Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet , p. A1. Retrieved from Collected DC News.
• URL example: Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet , p. A1. Retrieved from http://www.dailyplanet.com

• Paraphrase example: (Kent, 2017)
• Direct quote example: (Kent, 2017, p. A1)

• If no author is listed, start with the name of the newspaper in italics, followed by a comma. For example: The Daily Planet ,

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet .

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet . July 17, 2017.

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet . July 17, 2017. www.dailyplanet.com/superman_spurns_gotham (accessed July 19, 2017).

• Example: Clark Kent, "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away," The Daily Planet , July 17, 2017. www.dailyplanet.com/superman_spurns_gotham (accessed July 19, 2017).
• After citing the article in a footnote once in your paper, use a shortened form in subsequent footnotes. The shortened form is the author's last name followed by a shortened version of the title in quotation marks. For example: Kent, "Villains Take Over."

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About this article

To cite a newspaper article in MLA format, start by writing the author’s last and first name, separated by a comma. Next, add the title of the article, ending with a period, and put the entire title in quotation marks. Then, include the name of the newspaper in italics and place a comma after it. If the city isn’t part of the newspaper’s name, put it in brackets before the comma. After the comma, write the date of publication and the page number. Additionally, for articles found online, provide a link to the article, starting with “ http://“ and ending with a period. To learn how to cite a newspaper article in other formats, such as APA style or Chicago style, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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APA Style Guide - 6th

• Newspaper Article
• What is APA?
• How do I write my paper in APA style?
• How should I start?
• How do I cite?
• In-Text Citation Examples
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Essay/Book Chapter
• Social Media
• Video/Movie
• Lecture/Speech/Interview
• Government Report
• Legal Citation
• Specific Database Examples

Online News/Newspaper Article

Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of article. Name of Newspaper. Retrieved from URL

Yamanouchi, K. (2014, June 09). Your commute: GDOT explores use of drones: Study comes up with tasks that could help with metro traffic. The Atlanta Journal - Constitution. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.csn.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1534074307?accountid=27953

Print Newspaper Article

Unlike other periodicals, the abbreviations p. or pp. precede page numbers for a newspaper reference. Single pages take p. (e.g., p. B2) multiple pages take pp., (e.g., pp. B2-B4) 

Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of article. Name of Newspaper, p. Page number.

Porter, A. (2014, July 01). It’s pretty hot outside, but at least it’s not 117. Las Vegas Review Journal , p. A1.

Common Exceptions

For references with up to 7 authors, include all names.

Williams, T. D., & Smith, J. W. (1999, Mar 24). Anthrax Vaccine Debate Moves to Congress Controversy Centers on Pentagon Orders.  Hartford Courant.  Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.csn.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/256170920?accountid=27953

If there is no author, omit and list title of article first.

Miller’s election hopes fading. (2010, December 23). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library. csn.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/820713591?accountid=27953

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• Last Updated: Jun 1, 2022 11:59 AM
• URL: https://libguides.csn.edu/APA6

• Subject guides
• Citing and referencing

Citing and referencing: Newspapers

• In-text citations
• Reference list
• Books and book chapters
• Journals/Periodicals
• Newspapers/Magazines
• Government and other reports
• Legal sources
• Websites and social media
• Audio, music and visual media
• Conferences
• Dictionaries/Encyclopedias/Guides
• Theses/Dissertations
• University course materials
• Company and Industry reports
• Patents and Standards
• Tables and Figures
• Abbreviations used in referencing
• Medicine and Health sources
• Foreign language sources
• Music scores
• Journals and periodicals
• Government sources
• News sources
• Web and social media
• Games and apps
• Ancient and sacred sources
• Primary sources
• Audiovisual media and music scores
• Images and captions
• University lectures, theses and dissertations
• Interviews and personal communication
• Archival material
• In-Text Citations: Further Information
• Reference List: Standard Abbreviations
• Data Sheets (inc. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS))
• Figures & Tables (inc. Images)
• Lecture Materials (inc. PowerPoint Presentations)
• Reports & Technical Reports
• Theses and Dissertations
• Reference list guidelines
• Journal articles
• Government and industry publications
• Websites, newspaper and social media
• Conference papers, theses and university material
• Video and audio
• Images, graphs, tables, data sets
• Personal communications
• In-text Citations
• Journals / Periodicals
• Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
• Interviews and lectures
• Music Scores / Recordings
• Film / Video Recording
• Television / Radio Broadcast
• Online Communication / Social Media
• Live Performances
• Government and Organisation Publications
• Medicine & health sources
• Government/organisational/technical reports
• Images, graphs, tables, figures & data sets
• Websites newspaper & magazine articles, socia media
• Conferences, theses & university materials
• Personal communication & confidential unpublished material
• Video, audio & other media
• Generative AI
• Indigenous knowledges

MLA Contents

• Interviews / Speeches

A newspaper article

Newspaper article from an online database

Letter to the editor

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Harvard Referencing – How to Cite a Newspaper Article

2-minute read

• 27th July 2016

Newspapers and magazines aren’t the most common sources in academic writing . Nevertheless, you may need to cite a magazine or newspaper article when writing about something that has been in the media (or when analysing the media itself). As such, we’re looking at how to cite a newspaper article or magazine in Harvard referencing.

In-Text Citations

As with most source types, Harvard referencing uses a standard author–date format for in-text citations of magazines and newspapers.

The important thing here is to check whether the article has a named author. If it does, use the author’s name in your citation alongside the year of publication. If it’s a print version of the article and you’re quoting it directly, you should also provide relevant page numbers:

Leicester’s season was ‘hailed as a sporting miracle’ (Wagg, 2016, p. 20).

If the article has no named author, simply use the newspaper/magazine’s name instead:

A Yorkshire terrier called Eddie was reunited with his owners after being missing for five years, despite living only half a mile away (The Guardian, 2016).

As you can see, we’ve picked the most hard-hitting news story we could find to use as an example in this post.

Reference List

If you’ve cited a print version of a magazine or newspaper article, the information required in the reference list is as follows (if no author is named, as above, use the magazine/newspaper title):

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Surname, Initial(s). (Year) ‘Title of Article’, Title of Newspaper/Magazine , issue number (if applicable), day and/or month of publication, page number(s).

The Wagg article in the example above would therefore appear as:

Wagg, S. (2016) ‘Under No Illusions’, When Saturday Comes , 352, June, pp. 20-21.

For online articles, the format is similar but with a URL and date of access given in place of page numbers:

Surname, Initial(s). (Year) ‘Title of Article’, Title of Newspaper/Magazine , issue number (if applicable), day and/or month of publication [Online]. Available at URL [Accessed date].

The Guardian article above would therefore appear in the reference list as:

The Guardian (2016) ‘Missing dog found half a mile from owners’ home after five years’, The Guardian , 20 May [Online]. Available at http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/may/20/missing-dog-found-five-years-yorkshire-terrier-eddie-microchip [Accessed 24 June 2016].

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Cite A Newspaper in Harvard style

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• Archive material
• Chapter of an edited book
• Conference proceedings
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• E-book or PDF
• Edited book
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• Music or recording
• Online image or video
• Presentation
• Press release
• Religious text

Use the following template or our Harvard Referencing Generator to cite a newspaper. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Popular Harvard Citation Guides

• How to cite a Book in Harvard style
• How to cite a Website in Harvard style
• How to cite a Journal in Harvard style
• How to cite a DVD, video, or film in Harvard style
• How to cite a Online image or video in Harvard style

Other Harvard Citation Guides

• How to cite a Archive material in Harvard style
• How to cite a Artwork in Harvard style
• How to cite a Blog in Harvard style
• How to cite a Broadcast in Harvard style
• How to cite a Chapter of an edited book in Harvard style
• How to cite a Conference proceedings in Harvard style
• How to cite a Court case in Harvard style
• How to cite a Dictionary entry in Harvard style
• How to cite a Dissertation in Harvard style
• How to cite a E-book or PDF in Harvard style
• How to cite a Edited book in Harvard style
• How to cite a Email in Harvard style
• How to cite a Encyclopedia article in Harvard style
• How to cite a Government publication in Harvard style
• How to cite a Interview in Harvard style
• How to cite a Legislation in Harvard style
• How to cite a Magazine in Harvard style
• How to cite a Music or recording in Harvard style
• How to cite a Newspaper in Harvard style
• How to cite a Patent in Harvard style
• How to cite a Podcast in Harvard style
• How to cite a Presentation or lecture in Harvard style
• How to cite a Press release in Harvard style
• How to cite a Religious text in Harvard style
• How to cite a Report in Harvard style
• How to cite a Software in Harvard style

LibAnswers: Referencing

How do i reference a newspaper article in harvard (cite them right) style.

Print newspapers

Articles should be formatted as below in your reference list:

Author(s) (Year) ‘Article title’. Newspaper title, Day and Month, Page(s), use p. or pp.

Mansell, W. and Bloom, A. (2018) '£10,000 carrot to tempt physics experts',  The Guardian , 20 June, p. 5.

Online newspapers

If you are specifically using the online version of a newspaper, which often varies from the print edition (for example no pagination), then you would reference it using the URL.

Roberts, D. and Ackerman, S. (2013) 'US draft resolution allows Obama 90 days for military action against Syria',  The Guardian , 4 September. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/04/syria-strikes-draft-resolution-90-days (Accessed: 9 September 2018).

Links & Files

• Harvard (Cite Them Right) newspaper reference examples (you will need to login with your single sign-on)
• Harvard (Cite Them Right) Referencing Online Guide
• Referencing - Newspaper
• Referencing - Harvard (Cite Them Right)
• Last Updated 02 May, 2023
• Answered By Beth Wyness

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Welcome to the references faq page..

You can type in your question in the search bar above. You can also browse the topics above to find what you are looking for. Use the filter options in the top right-hand corner to select topics and groups of FAQs.

The complete list can be accessed by clicking on the 'Answers' link

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How to Cite a Newspaper in Oxford Referencing

3-minute read

• 15th December 2019

Amid the celebrity gossip and angry opinion pieces, newspapers sometimes report on important things. Things one might write an academic paper about, for example. You might even need to cite a newspaper article at times.

But how do you do this in Oxford referencing? Check out our guide below to make sure you get footnote citations and the bibliography entry right.

How to Cite a Newspaper Article in Footnotes

The exact rules for citing a newspaper article may vary between universities, so make sure to check your style guide. However, most versions of Oxford referencing use a format like this:

n. Initial(s). Surname, “Title of article,” Title of Newspaper , Section of Newspaper (if applicable), date of publication, page number(s).

The first footnote citation of a newspaper article would thus look like this:

1. C. Cummins, “Lecturer fires up on LinkedIn after being faced with empty classroom,” The Sydney Morning Herald , July 12, 2017, p. 42.

If you have accessed a newspaper article online, give a URL and date of access instead of a page number in the footnote. For instance:

2. P. Hawker, “Teen movies: familiar tropes of school, detention, love and growing up,” The Australian , July 8, 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/teen-movies-familiar-tropes-of-school-detention-love-and-growing-up/news-story/23ad53ec8d84b34de4d1d46c5af232f9, accessed August 3, 2019.

And, as with any source in Oxford referencing, you can use a shortened footnote format for repeat citations (usually, just the author’s surname and a page number). This will save you from repeating the full source information every time you cite the same article.

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Newspaper Articles in an Oxford Bibliography

As well as citing newspaper articles in footnotes, you need to list them in a bibliography at the end of your document. This should include every source you cite, with full publication information.

The format here is similar to the first footnote. The only differences are that:

• You should give the author’s surname before their initial.
• You should include a full page range for print articles, not just a pinpoint citation (for online articles, give a URL and date of access instead).

As such, the standard bibliography format for a newspaper article is:

Surname, Initial(s)., “Title of article,” Title of Newspaper , Section of Newspaper (if applicable), date of publication, page range.

In practice, then, you would list the articles we cited above as follows:

Cummins, C., “Lecturer fires up on LinkedIn after being faced with empty classroom,” The Sydney Morning Herald , July 12, 2017, pp. 42-43.

Hawker, P., “Teen movies: familiar tropes of school, detention, love and growing up,” The Australian , July 8, 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/teen-movies-familiar-tropes-of-school-detention-love-and-growing-up/news-story/23ad53ec8d84b34de4d1d46c5af232f9, accessed August 3, 2019.

If you come across a newspaper article without a named author, you can use the article title in the first position in footnotes and the bibliography instead. However, this may depend on the version of Oxford referencing you’re using, so make sure to check your style guide. And if you’d like an expert to check your writing, we have proofreaders ready to help.

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Reference List: Common Reference List Examples

Article (with doi).

Alvarez, E., & Tippins, S. (2019). Socialization agents that Puerto Rican college students use to make financial decisions. Journal of Social Change , 11 (1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.5590/JOSC.2019.11.1.07

Laplante, J. P., & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. Society & Natural Resources , 27 , 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554

Use the DOI number for the source whenever one is available. DOI stands for "digital object identifier," a number specific to the article that can help others locate the source. In APA 7, format the DOI as a web address. Active hyperlinks for DOIs and URLs should be used for documents meant for screen reading. Present these hyperlinks in blue and underlined text (the default formatting in Microsoft Word), although plain black text is also acceptable. Be consistent in your formatting choice for DOIs and URLs throughout your reference list. Also see our Quick Answer FAQ, "Can I use the DOI format provided by library databases?"

Jerrentrup, A., Mueller, T., Glowalla, U., Herder, M., Henrichs, N., Neubauer, A., & Schaefer, J. R. (2018). Teaching medicine with the help of “Dr. House.” PLoS ONE , 13 (3), Article e0193972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193972

For journal articles that are assigned article numbers rather than page ranges, include the article number in place of the page range.

For more on citing electronic resources, see  Electronic Sources References .

Article (Without DOI)

Found in a common academic research database or in print.

Casler , T. (2020). Improving the graduate nursing experience through support on a social media platform. MEDSURG Nursing , 29 (2), 83–87.

If an article does not have a DOI and you retrieved it from a common academic research database through the university library, there is no need to include any additional electronic retrieval information. The reference list entry looks like the entry for a print copy of the article. (This format differs from APA 6 guidelines that recommended including the URL of a journal's homepage when the DOI was not available.) Note that APA 7 has additional guidance on reference list entries for articles found only in specific databases or archives such as Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, UpToDate, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and university archives. See APA 7, Section 9.30 for more information.

Found on an Open Access Website

Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (2007). Whistleblowing and good governance. CPA Journal , 77 (6), 66–71. http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm

Provide the direct web address/URL to a journal article found on the open web, often on an open access journal's website. In APA 7, active hyperlinks for DOIs and URLs should be used for documents meant for screen reading. Present these hyperlinks in blue and underlined text (the default formatting in Microsoft Word), although plain black text is also acceptable. Be consistent in your formatting choice for DOIs and URLs throughout your reference list.

Weinstein, J. A. (2010).  Social change  (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.

If the book has an edition number, include it in parentheses after the title of the book. If the book does not list any edition information, do not include an edition number. The edition number is not italicized.

American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (3rd ed.).

If the author and publisher are the same, only include the author in its regular place and omit the publisher.

Lencioni, P. (2012). The advantage: Why organizational health trumps everything else in business . Jossey-Bass. https://amzn.to/343XPSJ

As a change from APA 6 to APA 7, it is no longer necessary to include the ebook format in the title. However, if you listened to an audiobook and the content differs from the text version (e.g., abridged content) or your discussion highlights elements of the audiobook (e.g., narrator's performance), then note that it is an audiobook in the title element in brackets. For ebooks and online audiobooks, also include the DOI number (if available) or nondatabase URL but leave out the electronic retrieval element if the ebook was found in a common academic research database, as with journal articles. APA 7 allows for the shortening of long DOIs and URLs, as shown in this example. See APA 7, Section 9.36 for more information.

Chapter in an Edited Book

Poe, M. (2017). Reframing race in teaching writing across the curriculum. In F. Condon & V. A. Young (Eds.), Performing antiracist pedagogy in rhetoric, writing, and communication (pp. 87–105). University Press of Colorado.

Include the page numbers of the chapter in parentheses after the book title.

Christensen, L. (2001). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice (Vol. 2, pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.

Also include the volume number or edition number in the parenthetical information after the book title when relevant.

Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed.),  The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud  (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1923)

When a text has been republished as part of an anthology collection, after the author’s name include the date of the version that was read. At the end of the entry, place the date of the original publication inside parenthesis along with the note “original work published.” For in-text citations of republished work, use both dates in the parenthetical citation, original date first with a slash separating the years, as in this example: Freud (1923/1961). For more information on reprinted or republished works, see APA 7, Sections 9.40-9.41.

Classroom Resources

Citing classroom resources.

If you need to cite content found in your online classroom, use the author (if there is one listed), the year of publication (if available), the title of the document, and the main URL of Walden classrooms. For example, you are citing study notes titled "Health Effects of Exposure to Forest Fires," but you do not know the author's name, your reference entry will look like this:

Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2005). Walden University Canvas. https://waldenu.instructure.com

If you do know the author of the document, your reference will look like this:

Smith, A. (2005). Health effects of exposure to forest fires [PowerPoint slides]. Walden University Canvas. https://waldenu.instructure.com  

A few notes on citing course materials:

• [Lecture notes]
• [Course handout]
• [Study notes]
• It can be difficult to determine authorship of classroom documents. If an author is listed on the document, use that. If the resource is clearly a product of Walden (such as the course-based videos), use Walden University as the author. If you are unsure or if no author is indicated, place the title in the author spot, as above.
• If you cannot determine a date of publication, you can use n.d. (for "no date") in place of the year.

Note:  The web location for Walden course materials is not directly retrievable without a password, and therefore, following APA guidelines, use the main URL for the class sites: https://class.waldenu.edu.

Citing Tempo Classroom Resources

Clear author: 

Smith, A. (2005). Health effects of exposure to forest fires [PowerPoint slides]. Walden University Brightspace. https://mytempo.waldenu.edu

Unclear author:

Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2005). Walden University Brightspace. https://mytempo.waldenu.edu

Conference Sessions and Presentations

Feinman, Y. (2018, July 27). Alternative to proctoring in introductory statistics community college courses [Poster presentation]. Walden University Research Symposium, Minneapolis, MN, United States. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/symposium2018/23/

Torgerson, K., Parrill, J., & Haas, A. (2019, April 5-9). Tutoring strategies for online students [Conference session]. The Higher Learning Commission Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, United States. http://onlinewritingcenters.org/scholarship/torgerson-parrill-haas-2019/

Dictionary Entry

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Leadership. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary . Retrieved May 28, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/leadership

When constructing a reference for an entry in a dictionary or other reference work that has no byline (i.e., no named individual authors), use the name of the group—the institution, company, or organization—as author (e.g., Merriam Webster, American Psychological Association, etc.). The name of the entry goes in the title position, followed by "In" and the italicized name of the reference work (e.g., Merriam-Webster.com dictionary , APA dictionary of psychology ). In this instance, APA 7 recommends including a retrieval date as well for this online source since the contents of the page change over time. End the reference entry with the specific URL for the defined word.

Discussion Board Post

Osborne, C. S. (2010, June 29). Re: Environmental responsibility [Discussion post]. Walden University Canvas.  https://waldenu.instructure.com  

Dissertations or Theses

Retrieved From a Database

Nalumango, K. (2019). Perceptions about the asylum-seeking process in the United States after 9/11 (Publication No. 13879844) [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

Retrieved From an Institutional or Personal Website

Evener. J. (2018). Organizational learning in libraries at for-profit colleges and universities [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. ScholarWorks. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6606&context=dissertations

Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis

Kirwan, J. G. (2005). An experimental study of the effects of small-group, face-to-face facilitated dialogues on the development of self-actualization levels: A movement towards fully functional persons [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center.

For further examples and information, see APA 7, Section 10.6.

Legal Material

For legal references, APA follows the recommendations of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation , so if you have any questions beyond the examples provided in APA, seek out that resource as well.

Court Decisions

Reference format:

Name v. Name, Volume Reporter Page (Court Date). URL

Sample reference entry:

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/347us483

Sample citation:

In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in schools unconstitutional.

Note: Italicize the case name when it appears in the text of your paper.

Name of Act, Title Source § Section Number (Year). URL

Sample reference entry for a federal statute:

Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 et seq. (2004). https://www.congress.gov/108/plaws/publ446/PLAW-108publ446.pdf

Sample reference entry for a state statute:

Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, Minn. Stat. §§ 148.171 et seq. (2019). https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/148.171

Sample citation: Minnesota nurses must maintain current registration in order to practice (Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, 2010).

Note: The § symbol stands for "section." Use §§ for sections (plural). To find this symbol in Microsoft Word, go to "Insert" and click on Symbol." Look in the Latin 1-Supplement subset. Note: U.S.C. stands for "United States Code." Note: The Latin abbreviation " et seq. " means "and what follows" and is used when the act includes the cited section and ones that follow. Note: List the chapter first followed by the section or range of sections.

Unenacted Bills and Resolutions

(Those that did not pass and become law)

Title [if there is one], bill or resolution number, xxx Cong. (year). URL

Sample reference entry for Senate bill:

Anti-Phishing Act, S. 472, 109th Cong. (2005). https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/senate-bill/472

Sample reference entry for House of Representatives resolution:

Anti-Phishing Act, H.R. 1099, 109th Cong. (2005). https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/house-bill/1099

The Anti-Phishing Act (2005) proposed up to 5 years prison time for people running Internet scams.

These are the three legal areas you may be most apt to cite in your scholarly work. For more examples and explanation, see APA 7, Chapter 11.

Magazine Article

Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology , 39 (6). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2008/06/ideology

Note that for citations, include only the year: Clay (2008). For magazine articles retrieved from a common academic research database, leave out the URL. For magazine articles from an online news website that is not an online version of a print magazine, follow the format for a webpage reference list entry.

Newspaper Article (Retrieved Online)

Baker, A. (2014, May 7). Connecticut students show gains in national tests. New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/nyregion/national-assessment-of-educational-progress-results-in-Connecticut-and-New-Jersey.html

Include the full date in the format Year, Month Day. Do not include a retrieval date for periodical sources found on websites. Note that for citations, include only the year: Baker (2014). For newspaper articles retrieved from a common academic research database, leave out the URL. For newspaper articles from an online news website that is not an online version of a print newspaper, follow the format for a webpage reference list entry.

OASIS Resources

Oasis webpage.

OASIS. (n.d.). Common reference list examples . Walden University. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references/examples

For all OASIS content, list OASIS as the author. Because OASIS webpages do not include publication dates, use “n.d.” for the year.

Interactive Guide

OASIS. (n.d.). Embrace iterative research and writing [Interactive guide]. Walden University. https://academics.waldenu.edu/oasis/iterative-research-writing-web

For OASIS multimedia resources, such as interactive guides, include a description of the resource in brackets after the title.

Online Video/Webcast

Walden University. (2013).  An overview of learning  [Video]. Walden University Canvas.  https://waldenu.instructure.com  

Use this format for online videos such as Walden videos in classrooms. Most of our classroom videos are produced by Walden University, which will be listed as the author in your reference and citation. Note: Some examples of audiovisual materials in the APA manual show the word “Producer” in parentheses after the producer/author area. In consultation with the editors of the APA manual, we have determined that parenthetical is not necessary for the videos in our courses. The manual itself is unclear on the matter, however, so either approach should be accepted. Note that the speaker in the video does not appear in the reference list entry, but you may want to mention that person in your text. For instance, if you are viewing a video where Tobias Ball is the speaker, you might write the following: Tobias Ball stated that APA guidelines ensure a consistent presentation of information in student papers (Walden University, 2013). For more information on citing the speaker in a video, see our page on Common Citation Errors .

Taylor, R. [taylorphd07]. (2014, February 27). Scales of measurement [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDsMUlexaMY

OASIS. (2020, April 15). One-way ANCOVA: Introduction [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_XnNDQ5CNW8

For videos from streaming sites, use the person or organization who uploaded the video in the author space to ensure retrievability, whether or not that person is the speaker in the video. A username can be provided in square brackets. As a change from APA 6 to APA 7, include the publisher after the title, and do not use "Retrieved from" before the URL. See APA 7, Section 10.12 for more information and examples.

See also reference list entry formats for TED Talks .

Technical and Research Reports

Edwards, C. (2015). Lighting levels for isolated intersections: Leading to safety improvements (Report No. MnDOT 2015-05). Center for Transportation Studies. http://www.cts.umn.edu/Publications/ResearchReports/reportdetail.html?id=2402

Technical and research reports by governmental agencies and other research institutions usually follow a different publication process than scholarly, peer-reviewed journals. However, they present original research and are often useful for research papers. Sometimes, researchers refer to these types of reports as gray literature , and white papers are a type of this literature. See APA 7, Section 10.4 for more information.

Reference list entires for TED Talks follow the usual guidelines for multimedia content found online. There are two common places to find TED talks online, with slightly different reference list entry formats for each.

TED Talk on the TED website

If you find the TED Talk on the TED website, follow the format for an online video on an organizational website:

Owusu-Kesse, K. (2020, June). 5 needs that any COVID-19 response should meet [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/kwame_owusu_kesse_5_needs_that_any_covid_19_response_should_meet

The speaker is the author in the reference list entry if the video is posted on the TED website. For citations, use the speaker's surname.

TED Talk on YouTube

If you find the TED Talk on YouTube or another streaming video website, follow the usual format for streaming video sites:

TED. (2021, February 5). The shadow pandemic of domestic violence during COVID-19 | Kemi DaSilvalbru [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGdID_ICFII

TED is the author in the reference list entry if the video is posted on YouTube since it is the channel on which the video is posted. For citations, use TED as the author.

Walden University Course Catalog

To include the Walden course catalog in your reference list, use this format:

Walden University. (2020). 2019-2020 Walden University catalog . https://catalog.waldenu.edu/index.php

If you cite from a specific portion of the catalog in your paper, indicate the appropriate section and paragraph number in your text:

...which reflects the commitment to social change expressed in Walden University's mission statement (Walden University, 2020, Vision, Mission, and Goals section, para. 2).

And in the reference list:

Walden University. (2020). Vision, mission, and goals. In 2019-2020 Walden University catalog. https://catalog.waldenu.edu/content.php?catoid=172&navoid=59420&hl=vision&returnto=search

Vartan, S. (2018, January 30). Why vacations matter for your health . CNN. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/why-vacations-matter/index.html

For webpages on the open web, include the author, date, webpage title, organization/site name, and URL. (There is a slight variation for online versions of print newspapers or magazines. For those sources, follow the models in the previous sections of this page.)

American Federation of Teachers. (n.d.). Community schools . http://www.aft.org/issues/schoolreform/commschools/index.cfm

If there is no specified author, then use the organization’s name as the author. In such a case, there is no need to repeat the organization's name after the title.

In APA 7, active hyperlinks for DOIs and URLs should be used for documents meant for screen reading. Present these hyperlinks in blue and underlined text (the default formatting in Microsoft Word), although plain black text is also acceptable. Be consistent in your formatting choice for DOIs and URLs throughout your reference list.

Related Resources

Knowledge Check: Common Reference List Examples

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How to Cite a Newspaper Article in Harvard Style

Published by Alaxendra Bets at August 30th, 2021 , Revised On August 23, 2023

Citing a newspaper article in Harvard style is the same as citing a journal article. However, the only difference lies in the fact that the volume and preferable issue number are also included in the reference list entry for a journal article. Neither of these is needed for citing or referencing a newspaper article.

The basic format for citing a newspaper article using Harvard style is:

In-text citation: (Author Surname, Year Published)

Reference list entry: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title. Publication Title, [online] p. or pp. Available at: http://Website URL [Accessed Date Accessed].

Note: In Harvard, if a couple of pages have been used, their references include ‘pp.’ for page range instead of ‘p.’, which is for a single page.

For example:

In-text citation: … particular problems stem from the original contracts signed before 2002. (Syal, 2013)

Reference list entry: Syal, R. (2013). Abandoned NHS IT system has cost £10bn so far. Then Guardian , [online] p.1. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/sep/18/nhs-records-system-10bn [Accessed 19 Oct. 2014].

Note: Such references, same as that for journal articles, are placed outside the punctuation marks at the end of sentence, as in the example above.

Types of In-Text Citation and Reference Formats For Newspapers with Examples

1.    citing a newspaper article without an author.

If a newspaper article’s author name is missing or unavailable, Harvard referencing dictates that all other details be included in the in-text citation, for example:

In-text citation: (Sydney Morning Herald 24 January 2000, p.12) OR

… in the Sydney Morning Herald (24 January 2000, p.12).

Reference list entry: There is no need to create a reference list entry for newspaper articles lacking the author’s name as per Harvard referencing.

Citing a newspaper article with no name or page number

If a newspaper article shows neither the author’s name nor page numbers, the following Harvard format is used:

In-text citation: (Article title Year)

Reference list entry: ‘Article title’ Year, Newspaper Title in italics, Day, Month, viewed Date Month Year, <URL>.

In-text citation: Footage captured by drone provides a new perspective on the ‘Rock’ (‘Uluru like you never seen it’ 2016).

Reference list entry: ‘Uluru like you’ve never seen it’ 2016, The Daily Telegraph , 29 August, viewed 31 August 2016,

<http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/voyages-indigenous-tourism-australia-releases-drone-footage-over-uluru/news-story/e33604c8e87a4d01a751a30c2e961ed0>.

2.    Citing a print newspaper article

The basic format for citing a print version of a newspaper article is:

In-text citation: (Author Surname Year) OR (Author Surname Year, p.#)

Reference list entry: Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, ‘Article title’, Newspaper Title in italics, Day, Month, page range.

In-text citation: (Browne 2010) OR (Browne 2010, p. 45)

Reference list entry: Browne, R 2010, ‘This brainless patient is no dummy’, S ydney Morning Herald , 21 March, p. 45.

(Schwartz 1993)

3.    Citing an online newspaper article

Online newspaper articles generally include sources like online news-only websites or blogs, news journals, newspaper articles from a separately paginated section of a website or journal and media releases. No matter the kind of platform, since they are all online, the following format is used to cite newspaper articles from such sources:

Reference list entry: Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, ‘Article title’, Newspaper Title in italics, Day, Month, page range, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

In-text citation: (Puvanenthiran 2016)

Reference list entry: Puvanenthiran, B 2016, ‘Holographic creation company gets boost from Alibaba’s investment arm’, Sydney Morning Herald , 28 September, viewed 08 January 2017, <http://www.smh.com.au/small-business/startup/holographic-creation-company-gets-boost-from-alibabas-investment-arm-20160927-grphjz.html>.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do you cite a newspaper article.

To cite a newspaper article, use the following format: Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Title of the Newspaper, page range. URL (if online). In-text: (Author, Year).

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To cite a speech in Harvard style, you must know the speaker name, date and speech title, and the URL of the speech.

The citing format: James, A 2008, Week 4 Pipes, PowerPoint slides, University of Manchester, UK

If you are using any electronic sources such as images, audios, videos, webpages, etc. you need to acknowledge the sources to avoid plagiarism.

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Referencing in your assignments

In academic work of any kind, effective referencing of your sources will ensure that you:

• show that you are writing from a position of understanding of your topic.
• demonstrate that you have read widely and deeply.
• enable the reader to locate the source of each quote, idea or work/evidence (that was not your own).
• avoid plagiarism and uphold academic honesty.

In order to cite sources correctly in your assignments, you need to understand the essentials of how to reference and follow guidelines for the referencing style you are required to use.

• Referencing styles

Citing your sources can help you avoid plagiarism. You may need to submit your assignments through Turnitin, plagiarism detection software. Find out more about Turnitin and how you can use it to check your work before submitting it:

• What is plagiarism?

Why do I need to reference? Find out more

Referencing and empowerment

Karen Gravett & Ian M. Kinchin (2020) Referencing and empowerment: exploring barriers to agency in the higher education student experience, Teaching in Higher Education, 25:1, 84-97

Plagiarism: what is it, whom does it offend, and how does one deal with it?

J D Armstrong, 2nd (1993) Plagiarism: what is it, whom does it offend, and how does one deal with it?, American Journal of Roentgenology, 161:3, 479-484

Teaching Referencing as an Introduction to Epistemological Empowerment

Monica Hendricks & Lynn Quinn (2000) Teaching Referencing as an Introduction to Epistemological Empowerment, Teaching in Higher Education, 5:4, 447-457

Academic honesty and conduct

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Referencing style guides

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• Referencing & Plagiarism Awareness
• 3. How to insert citations into your assignment.

Referencing & Plagiarism Awareness: 3. How to insert citations into your assignment.

• 1. Introduction
• 2. What is referencing and citation?
• 4. What is plagiarism?
• 5. Referencing Artificial Intelligence Outputs
• 6. Consequences of plagiarism
• 7. Plagiarism in the news
• 8. Referencing Examples
• 9. Reference management tools
• 10. Submitting your work using Turnitin
• 11. How to interpret your Turnitin similarity report
• 12. Further help

What is citing?

Citing is identifying the sources you have used in the text of your assignment.  This may be done as;

a direct quotation

paraphrasing

summarising

In-text citations give brief details about the source that you refer to.

This is an example citation (Harvard referencing style):

(Pears and Shields, 2013)  

Further citation examples from the different referencing styles used at Aberystwyth University can be found here .

The citations will allow the person reading your assignment to locate the full details of the source you have used in the reference list located at the end of your work.

Reference list (Harvard Style)

Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide . London: Palgrave.

Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013). Cite them right: the essential referencing guide . London: Palgrave.

How to use quotes in your assignment.

When you use quotations they should be relevant.  Try not to use too many as they can break the flow of your text.  You will need to balance quotations with your own understanding of the sources used.

Don't forget - quotes are included in your word count!

A few tips:

Enclose any quotes in " quotation marks " - be consistent. Check out the further examples to see whether your chosen referencing style uses single or double quotation marks.

If using long quotes that are more than a few sentences, add these as a separate paragraph. This should be indented and there is no need to use quotation marks. ( Please note : The Department of Geography and Earth Sciences stipulate that long, indented quotations require quotation mark at the beginning and the end of the quotation).

Depending on the referencing style you are using, give the author, date and page number that the quote is from.

The full details of the source of the quote are then added into the reference list at the end of your assignment.

Example (Harvard Style):

In-text citation

'There are several ways in which you can incorporate citations into your text, depending on your own style and the flow of the work' (Pears and Shields, 2013, p. 8).

Reference list

How to paraphrase.

Paraphrasing involves expressing another author’s ideas or arguments in your own words, without direct quotation but with due acknowledgement.  It entails reformulating key points or information accurately, so that nothing important is lost but the means of communication is new. For instance:

Quotation     ‘It is impossible to step twice into the same river’ (Heraclitus) Paraphrase     Heraclitus argues that, just as a river is always in motion, the world is always changing so that nothing stays the same.

Paraphrasing can help with the flow or continuity of your written work and is a good way of demonstrating your understanding.

Read your source a few times to ensure you understand the meaning

Restate the key point(s) from the source in your own words, but without distorting the original meaning

Ensure you cite and reference the source.

Please note: When paraphrasing, you should NOT copy a passage from your source and then seek to change some of its wording. Use your own words and phrases from beginning to end when paraphrasing.

How to summarise.

This method provides the key points from an article, book or web page as a brief statement.

A few Tips;

Summaries should be your own work. It is NOT permitted to use online summary tools or other software for this purpose.

Ensure you cite and reference the source

Only list the main topics

In text citation

Importantly, one particular book (Pears and Shields, 2013) looks at the different citation methods when including them in an assignment.

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José Raúl Mulino sworn in as Panama’s new president, promises to stop migration through Darien Gap

New Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino gives a speech at his swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix)

José Raúl Mulino was sworn in on Monday as Panama’s next president. The new leader faces pressure to slow irregular migration through the Darien Gap that connects Panama with Colombia. The 65-year-old former security minister has promised to shut down migration through the jungle-clad and largely lawless border. (AP Video/Abraham Terán)

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New Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino waves before giving a speech at his swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix)

New Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino cries at his swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix)

World leaders attend new Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino’s swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix)

Panamanian President-elect Jose Raul Mulino waves to the press alongside wife Maricel Cohen de Mulino as they arrive at his swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Agustin Herrera)

Colombian President Gustavo Petro waves to the press as he arrives at the swearing-in ceremony of Panama’s President-elect Jose Raul Mulino at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Agustin Herrera)

Costa Rica’s President Rodrigo Chaves Robles waves to the press as he arrives at the swearing-in ceremony of Panama’s President-elect Jose Raul Mulino at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Agustin Herrera)

Honduran President Xiomara Castro waves to the press as she arrives at the swearing-in ceremony of Panama’s President-elect Jose Raul Mulino at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Agustin Herrera)

New Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino smiles as Colombian President Gustavo Petro looks on as they leave Mulino’s swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix)

New Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino, center, poses for a photo alongside his wife and world leaders at his swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix)

New Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino sings the national anthem at his swearing-in ceremony at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Monday, July 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix)

PANAMA CITY (AP) — José Raúl Mulino was sworn in Monday as Panama’s next president, facing pressure to slow irregular migration through the Darien Gap that connects his country with Colombia.

The 65-year-old former security minister has promised to shut down migration through the jungle-clad and largely lawless border.

More than half a million people traversed the corridor last year and more than 190,000 people have crossed so far in 2024, with most of the migrants hailing from Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia and China.

“I won’t allow Panama to be an open path for thousands of people who enter our country illegally, supported by an international organization related to drug trafficking and human trafficking,” Mulino said Monday, after he was sworn in. “I understand that there are deep-rooted reasons for migration, but each country has to resolve its problems.”

Shortly after Mulino’s inauguration, the Panamanian government released a statement saying that U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas had signed a memorandum of understanding Monday with Panama’s Foreign Affairs Minister Javier Martínez-Acha in which the U.S. government committed to covering the cost of repatriation of migrants who enter Panama illegally through the Darien.

Last week on a visit to the Darien, Mulino announced he would seek an agreement with the United States government to aid in deporting migrants who crossed into Panama. Mayorkas was among those who attended his inauguration.

The U.S. role would largely be covering the cost of deportation flights. Panama’s Foreign Affairs Minister-designate Javier Martínez Acha said Sunday that the U.S. would help cover the costs, but that the amounts were not yet set.

“As the key issue on his agenda, Mulino has promised to end irregular immigration through the Darien Gap,” said Michael Shifter, adjunct professor at Georgetown University. “The new president appears to be supremely committed to this idea.”

“However, it won’t be easy to carry out this policy, groups and interests can be expected to come out against it,” Shifter said. The U.S. government will have to shoulder the costs of deportation, he said.

Panama’s active efforts to stop and deport migrants would be a massive shift. Under the outgoing administration, Panama had sought to help migrants cross the country quickly and in an orderly fashion. Migrants emerge from the jungle, register with authorities and are swept across the country to the Costa Rican border.

The presidents of Costa Rica and Colombia also attended the inauguration.

Strengthening enforcement efforts in Panama could potentially reduce the number of migrants reaching the U.S. border, at least for a time until new routes are established. But it could also force migrants to riskier paths and be a boon for smugglers.

Mulino won the election in May in a crowded field with more than 30% of the vote. He replaced former President Ricardo Martinelli as candidate after the former leader was banned from running after being sentenced to 10 years in prison for money laundering.

In addition to migration, Mulino will have to manage one of the world’s key trade routes, the Panama Canal, which was forced to limit traffic this year by persistent drought .

He will also have to find a way to plug a hole in Panama’s budget caused by the scrapping of a major mining concession after popular protests.

On Monday, Mulino criticized the outgoing administration of President Laurentino Cortizo for leaving him a limping economy and high levels of public debt.

“I will have an administration mainly focused on resolving the problem of the great majority of Panamanians,” Mulino said. “That doesn’t mean getting rid of wealth, but rather combating poverty.”

He promised to launch a program aimed at youth employment and an effort to rebuild the country’s roads and highways.

Follow AP’s coverage of Latin America and the Caribbean at https://apnews.com/hub/latin-america

Watch CBS News

Hurricane Beryl, a Category 3 storm, heads toward Mexico after lashing Jamaica

Updated on: July 4, 2024 / 11:39 PM EDT / CBS/AP

After leaving a trail of destruction across the eastern Caribbean and at least nine people dead, Hurricane Beryl weakened as it chugged over open water toward Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula on Thursday, going from the earliest Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic to a Category 3 storm by Thursday night.

Jack Beven, senior hurricane specialist at the U.S. Hurricane Center, said "the biggest immediate threat now that the storm is moving away from the Cayman Islands is landfall in the Yucatan Peninsula."

Beryl was expected to bring heavy rain and winds to Mexico's Caribbean coast, before crossing the Yucatan peninsula and restrengthening in the Gulf of Mexico to make a second strike on northeast Mexico.

As the wind began gusting over Tulum's white sand beaches on Thursday afternoon, four-wheelers with megaphones rolled along the sand telling people to leave. Tourists snapped photos of the growing surf, but military personnel urged them to leave as Beryl headed to an expected landfall around Tulum early Friday.

Over the past days, Beryl has damaged or destroyed 95% of homes on a pair of islands in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, jumbled fishing boats in Barbados and ripped off roofs in Jamaica before rumbling past the Cayman Islands early Thursday.

As of late Thursday night, Beryl's center was about 135 miles southeast of Tulum, Mexico, with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph, the hurricane center said. It was moving west-northwest at 16 mph with hurricane-force winds extending about 30 miles from the storm's center. 

Beryl had briefly weakened to a Category 2 storm before strengthening to Category 3. A hurricane is considered major when it's a Category 3 or higher, with winds of at least 111 mph. Beryl was forecast to still be a hurricane when it makes landfall on Mexico Yucatan Peninsula sometime early Friday morning, according to the hurricane center. 

A hurricane warning was in effect for the Yucatan Peninsula from Puerto Costa Maya north to Cancun. A hurricane watch was in place south of Puerto Costa Maya to Chetumal, as well as the Yucatan Peninsula north of Cancun.   

Mexico braces for Beryl's arrival

Mexico's popular Caribbean coast prepared shelters, evacuated some small outlying coastal communities and even moved sea turtle eggs off beaches threatened by storm surge.

In Playa del Carmen, most businesses were closed Thursday and some were boarding up windows as tourists jogged by and some locals walked their dogs under sunny skies. In Tulum, authorities shut things down and evacuated beachside hotels.

Francisco Bencomo, General manager of Hotel Umi in Tulum said all of their guests had left. "With these conditions, we'll be completely locked down," he said, adding there were no plans to have guests return before July 10.

"We've cut the gas and electricity. We also have an emergency floor where two maintenance employees will be locking down," he said from the hotel. "We have them staying in the room farthest from the beach and windows."

"I hope we have the least impact possible on the hotel, that the hurricane moves quickly through Tulum, and that it's nothing serious," he said.

Tourists were also taking precautions. Lara Marsters, 54, a therapist visiting Tulum from Boise, Idaho, said "this morning we woke up and just filled all of our empty water bottles with water from the tap and put it in the freezer … so we will have water to flush the toilet."

"We expect that the power will go out," Marsters said. "We're going to hunker down and stay safe."

Myriam Setra, a 34-year-old tourist from Dallas, Texas was having a sandwich on the beach earlier Thursday, saying "figured we'd get the last of the sun in today, too. And then it's just going to be hunker down and just stay indoors until hopefully it passes."

The head of Mexico's civil defense agency, Laura Velázquez, said Thursday that Beryl is expected to be a Category 1 hurricane when it hits a relatively unpopulated stretch around Tulum early Friday.

Will Hurricane Beryl hit Texas?

CBS affiliate KHOU-TV reported  that whether Beryl  crashes into Texas  depends on how much strength it loses as it goes over land, as well as conditions in the Gulf of Mexico in the coming days. 

"Beryl is expected to emerge over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico Friday night and move northwestward toward northeastern Mexico and southern Texas late in the weekend," the hurricane center said Thursday evening. 

One key factor will be how wind shear affects Beryl.

"Will Beryl maintain a Cat. 1 hurricane strength as it makes landfall in the Yucatan?" KHOU-TV meteorologist Kim Castro asked. "Or will the unfavorable conditions -- more sheared winds in the Caribbean -- help weaken it enough that it's not much of anything when it gets to the Gulf." 

The hurricane center urged people in southern Texas to monitor Beryl's progress.

Beryl leaves trail of damage, destruction

Beryl's worst damage appeared to be behind it. Its eye wall brushed by Jamaica's southern coast on Wednesday afternoon while on Thursday morning, telephone poles and trees were blocking the roadways in Kingston.

Authorities confirmed a young man died on Wednesday after he was swept into a storm water drain while trying to retrieve a ball. A woman also died after a house collapsed on her.

Residents took advantage of a break in the rain to begin clearing debris.

Sixty percent of the island remained without electricity, along with a lack of water and limited telecommunications. Government officials were assessing the damage, but it was hampered by the lack of communication, mainly in southern parishes that suffered the most damage.

Some 1,432 people remained in shelters in Jamaica, like Desrine Campbell, a resident of the low-lying community of Old Harbour Bay, who wailed, "My house is almost flooded!"

Nearby, Carlton Golding said ruefully, "I lost everything this time." Golding's house was totally destroyed by the hurricane, the second time that he has suffered damage from storms.

In the south-central parish of Clarendon, residents attempted to mend damaged roofs and clear downed trees. Many roadways in the area remained partially blocked from downed electricity and telecommunication poles.

The premier of the Cayman Islands, Juliana O'Connor, thanked residents and visitors Thursday for contributing to the "collective calm" ahead of Beryl by following storm protocols.

Michelle Forbes, the St. Vincent and Grenadines director of the National Emergency Management Organization, said that about 95% of homes in Mayreau and Union Island have been damaged by Hurricane Beryl.

Three people were reported killed in Grenada and Carriacou and another in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, officials said. Three other deaths were reported in northern Venezuela, where four people were missing, officials said.

One fatality in Grenada occurred after a tree fell on a house, Kerryne James, the environment minister, told The Associated Press.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves has promised to rebuild the archipelago.

Historic hurricane

Beryl was the earliest Category 5 hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic basin, and was only the second Category 5 storm recorded in July since 2005, according to the hurricane center.     

It took Beryl only 42 hours to strengthen from a tropical depression to a major hurricane, which is a  Category 3 storm or higher  — a feat accomplished only six other times in Atlantic hurricane history, and with Sept. 1 as the earliest date, according to hurricane expert Sam Lillo.

Beryl was also the third Category 3 hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic in June, following Audrey in 1957 and Alma in 1966, hurricane specialist and storm surge expert Michael Lowry said.

"Beryl is an extremely dangerous and rare hurricane for this time of year in this area," he told the AP in a phone interview earlier this week. "Unusual is an understatement," he said, calling Beryl historic.

Hurricane Ivan in 2004 was the last strongest hurricane to hit the southeast Caribbean, causing catastrophic damage in Grenada as a Category 3 storm.

"So this is a serious threat, a very serious threat," Lowry said of Beryl.

Beryl is the second named storm in what is predicted to be a busy hurricane season, which runs from June 1 to Nov. 30 in the Atlantic. Last week, Tropical Storm Alberto brought torrential flooding to portions of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. It was responsible for at least four deaths in the Mexican states of Nuevo Leon and Veracruz.  

According to CBS News weather producer David Parkinson, Beryl is the farthest east a hurricane has formed in June, and one of only two to do so east of the Caribbean, with the other instance occurring in 1933. Parkinson expects Beryl to remain south of Jamaica, and forecasts that any U.S. impacts are still at least eight days away.

Warm waters are fueling Beryl, with ocean heat content in the deep Atlantic the highest on record for this time of year , according to Brian McNoldy, University of Miami tropical meteorology researcher.

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