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Masters vs. Doctorate in Clinical Psychology

Know the facts when deciding between a master's or doctorate in clinical psych..

Posted June 13, 2016 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

In choosing a career related to clinical psychology, there are a lot of decisions that must be made. In a previous post we discussed the Ph.D.-PsyD decision. Today, we want to explore another tough decision: Master's (e.g., MA/MS in Psychology, Marriage , and Family (Counseling) Therapy , Mental Health Counseling or MSW) versus Doctorate (Ph.D. or PsyD).

Let’s start with some basic characteristics of each type of degree. First, a Master of Psychology can be in clinical (best suited for those with an interest in psychopathological populations and behavioral health), counseling (best for those interested in vocational and career processes, human diversity, and professional training) or educational (provide counseling services to students, including those with a learning disability or those with behavioral or social problems).

Second, a Master's of Social Work (MSW) degree can be in a clinical direct practice track, or a macro-practice track (i.e., focus on political advocacy, community organizing, policy analysis and/or human services management ).

Third, a PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology degree that is best suited for those with an interest in psychopathological populations and behavioral health, and places greater emphasis on the practice of psychology and less emphasis on research. Finally, a Ph.D. (a Doctor of Philosophy degree) can be obtained in the same domains as a Master’s degree, and puts greater emphasis on research than a PsyD.

The time frame for completing each of these graduate degrees is MSW: 2 years, MA: 2 years, PsyD: 4-6 years, and Ph.D.: 5-7 years. During these years of study, it is important to note that (in general) only Ph.D. students will receive support (tuition paid and a stipend) during their years in graduate school.

Of course, there are funding exceptions, especially in cases where a university only has a Master’s program. In addition, scholarships are sometimes available to MSW, MA and PsyD students, but this is generally rare. Support during graduate school might be very important for you, because you can rack up literally tens of thousands of dollars each year in financial assistance, and the amount of money you will earn with your graduate degree may not be as high as you imagined.

Master’s and PsyD programs, in general, are unable to provide the same type of support as a Ph.D. program. Part of this is tied to the fact that typically only Ph.D. students serve as Teaching Assistants or Research Assistants. Also, because Ph.D. programs have far fewer graduate students than PsyD programs, schools are able to afford to support their Ph.D. students.

As far as deciding to go Master or Doctorate degree, there are several issues to keep in mind. First, the general state of affairs for graduate school acceptance is that there is a hierarchy, with Master's programs being easier to get into than PsyD programs and Ph.D programs being the hardest to get into. For the sake of this post, ease of being accepted is defined in terms of grades and GRE scores, although other factors (e.g., clinical and research experience) do come into play. Of course, there are exceptions to this hierarchy, and you may decide to seek a degree at a for-profit school where grades and GRE score are not deemed as important as a non-profit public or private institution.

Our point is simply that your decision about going for a Master’s or Doctorate degree in a graduate program may be a function of what type of program your grades can get you into. We are not saying this is fair, but we hope you understand that schools need some way to pare down the number of students they will accept, with grades and (especially) GRE scores are seen as two important criteria to make these decisions.

We want to add one more point about all of this. It may be the case that your undergraduate academic record is not strong enough to get into a Doctoral program, but you can get accepted into a Master’s program and you do very well in this program. This can work to your advantage if you still want a Doctorate. The thinking here is that if you do well in the Master’s program, you show a Doctoral program that your undergraduate academic record was not indicative of your true potential. However, your stellar record in your Master’s program can show you have what it takes to continue your education in a Doctoral program.

The second issue to think about is the length of time you will be in graduate school. As stated above, the time in graduate school is shorter for a Master’s student than a Ph.D. student. Of course, this means a typical Master’s student can be earning a real salary a few years before a Ph.D. student. Although this is true, one must keep in mind (1) a Master’s degree leads (on average) to a lower salary than a PhD, and (2) a Master’s student will typically have some debt incurred during their two years in school. Let me add that to find out tuition costs for any APA-accredited graduate program, go to their website and look for the link that says “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data.” I think you will be very surprised to see the tuition costs at graduate programs—they’re pretty high. As stated earlier, a Ph.D. student will typically not have any tuition debt hanging over their head. Thus the extra salary for a Master’s student in the time they are out of graduate school working compared to the stipend of a Ph.D. student will probably be offset by the debt the Master’s student must repay.

Third, whether you go for a Master’s or Doctoral degree, you need to consider issues of accreditation of your graduate program and (for Doctoral degrees) your clinical internship. The reason for this is that graduating from an accredited program will offer a greater range of job opportunities. In fact, some employers will only hire those from accredited graduate programs (e.g., the Veterans Administration). If a school does not indicate that it is accredited (e.g., from the American Psychological Association) it should be viewed with caution. With all of this in mind, you should know that to be licensed (certified to practice by a state) in your chosen field it is often the case that you need an accredited graduate degree or internship. Also, note that licensure requires supervised professional experience, an examination at both the state and national levels. Specific courses may be required if a state deems it necessary.

Fourth, as discussed earlier, you must be clear about the issue of job opportunities and salary. In general, it is the case that Master’s degrees lead to fewer job opportunities and lower salaries than Doctoral degrees. One could argue that this is a function of the amount of training--employers are looking for potential employees who have more experience and supervised training. Some might argue that in this regard, a Doctoral student has a stronger foundation of training than a Master's student.

Fifth, you need to decide how much research training versus clinical practice training you want. If you are hoping for the former, then a Ph.D. is definitely for you. A Master’s in Psychology degree may include some research experience. An MSW and a PsyD will likely offer the least research training. One must keep in mind, however, that regardless of the clinical degree you pursue, there will always be some discussion of research, since the basis of diagnoses, testing, therapeutic techniques, etc. is based on research. The key point here is that certain clinical degrees do not require you to be actually conducting research.

Finally, give some thought to how much independence you want to have when you graduate. This all revolves around the issue of licensure that was raised earlier, and it gets very complicated because every state has its own laws regarding licensure for psychology-related degrees. Make sure you understand the laws for the state where you will practice. Of course, you might not know where you will end up, but you must be aware that the state where you end up living may have very different laws than what you expected or from where you originally were working. An important point to keep in mind about licensure is that once you are licensed, if you decide to go into private practice, your fee schedule is typically market-driven.

With all of this in mind, licensure issues require you to consider the following (also check out this info from the APA ):

You need to see what are the licenses your state approves. For a PsyD and PhD, this is not a problem, because all states will have a license for a Psychologist. The issue gets tricky when you have a Master's degree, because states tend to have different types of licensure for these individuals.

• If your state does not have a license that meets your background, what requirements are needed to get a license in a different area? For example, your Master’s degree may not allow you to be licensed as a Psychologist, but after meeting additional requirements you might get licensed as a Licensed Clinical Counselor.
• You need to be clear which licenses require you to be supervised (by a colleague with a certain license) and which allow for autonomous functioning (i.e., functioning on your own). Keep in mind that an employer typically likes an employee to be autonomous—they do not like paying for two hours of supervision (your time and that of your supervisor).
• When you apply for a license that will eventually allow autonomous functioning, what are the requirements to ultimately receive this license (e.g., supervision hours, direct service hours) that you must fulfill?

In presenting these important factors to think about with regard to a Master's vs. Doctoral degree], we, of course, understand that each individual has unique circumstances that must be taken into account. Still, we hope that presenting these factors gives you some food for thought as you consider your ultimate career path in clinical psychology.

Please note that the comments of Dr. Golding, Dr. Lippert and the others who post on this blog express their own opinion and not that of the University of Kentucky.

Want more? Check out our website for more psychology-related career information.

Jonathan Golding, Ph.D. , is a professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky. Anne Lippert, Ph.D. , is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Kentucky.

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Examples of student dissertations and theses include “Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Developmental Risk Factors and Predictors of Treatment Response,” “Clarifying the Pathway to Suicide: An Examination of Subtypes of Suicidal Behavior and Their Association with Impulsiveness,” and “A Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Groups.”

Graduates have secured positions in academia at prestigious institutions such as Princeton University, Dartmouth College, and Columbia University. Others have embarked on careers with companies such as Facebook, BetterUp, and Apple.

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Please review admissions requirements and other information before applying. You can find degree program-specific admissions requirements below and access additional guidance on applying from the Department of Psychology .

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While an undergraduate concentration in psychology is not required, some social science coursework is recommended. Because the program is heavily quantitatively oriented, college-level math and statistics are also advised. Research experience is extremely helpful; successful applicants have often worked for professors, done research projects as part of college courses, written an undergraduate thesis, or volunteered in a psychology research lab.

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Psychology is an in-demand field, and a master’s degree in psychology provides a solid foundation for a variety of different career paths. Job opportunities for psychologists are expected to grow, but those in certain specialties — such as substance abuse and family therapy — are even more sought after. And with many companies putting a greater emphasis on their employees mental wellbeing, professionals who have advanced psychology degrees are in greater demand.

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Our curriculum is flexible in pace and customizable by design. You can study part time, choosing courses that fit your schedule and align with your career goals. In the program, you’ll experience the convenience of online learning and the immersive benefits of learning in person.

As you work through the program’s core courses, you’ll deepen your knowledge of essential psychology concepts, tools, and strategies. You’ll then build on that foundation by selecting elective courses that enable you to focus on the areas that are most important to you — for example, neurobiology, racial equity, or mindfulness. And you’ll culminate the experience with either a capstone or thesis.

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You’ll learn from Harvard faculty and industry leaders who will help you gain real-world perspectives. Our instructors are renowned experts in clinical psychology, neurobiology, psychopathology, and more. They bring a genuine passion for teaching, with students giving our faculty an average rating of 4.6 out of 5.

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Many of our students in the Psychology Master’s Degree Program are established professionals looking to make a career change (33%). Others are earning the degree for career advancement (23%) or as preparation for further advanced study (25%).

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Graduates of our Psychology Master’s Program work in the fields of mental health, research, healthcare, human resources, and education. Some alumni continue their educational journeys and work toward a PhD, including at Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, or Harvard School of Public Health. They have also pursued further studies in other nationally ranked degree programs, including those at Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University, and Brown University.

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Whatever your career goals, we’re here to support you. Harvard’s Mignone Center for Career Success offers career advising, online tools, employment opportunities, career fairs — including the Ivy+ Just in Time Virtual Career Fair — and connections to Harvard alumni mentors.

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Upon successful completion of the required curriculum, you will earn your Harvard University degree — the Master of Liberal Arts (ALM) in Extension Studies, Field: Psychology.

Expand Your Connections: the Harvard Alumni Network

As a graduate of the master’s degree program in the psychology field, you’ll become a member of the worldwide Harvard Alumni Association (400,000+ members) and Harvard Extension Alumni Association (29,000+ members).

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Affordability is core to our mission. When compared to our continuing education peers, it’s a fraction of the cost.

After admission, you may qualify for financial aid . Typically, eligible students receive grant funds to cover a portion of tuition costs each term, in addition to federal financial aid options.

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This type of degree can also enhance non-psychology careers, like those in the fields of advertising, human resources, and retail sales.

Understanding human behavior is an invaluable skill that spans industries and careers.

What is the difference between a master’s degree in psychology and clinical psychology?

Both types of master’s degrees provide a detailed look into human behavior.

However, a psychology master’s degree can be broader in scope and more widely applicable to a variety of careers, while a clinical psychology masters is more specialized for analyzing and treating a range of mental health disorders.

What skills do you need prior to applying for the psychology master’s degree program?

Harvard Extension School does not require any specific skills prior to applying, but in general, it’s helpful to have solid communication, critical thinking, and active listening skills if you are considering a psychology master’s degree.

Initial eligibility requirements can be found on our psychology degree requirements page .

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M.A./Ph.D. Clinical Psychology

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Our goal is to prepare students to become constructively engaged in diverse clinical, academic, and community settings as researchers and clinicians who are grounded in deeply humane, theoretically sophisticated, and socially conscious approaches to clinical psychology.

Our alumni include:

Mark Montijo, Ph.D. (2006)

Mark Montijo is faculty at Pacifica in the Clinical Psychology Ph.D. as well as the Masters in Counseling Psychology and Integrative Therapy and Healing Process programs. He was first licensed in New Mexico as a Clinical Mental Health Counselor where he worked in partnership with Native American healers using traditional healing techniques. He then became licensed in California as a Marriage, Family and Child Counselor. While working for the U.S. Postal Service in several capacities, Mark investigated and resolved Equal Employment Opportunity complaints, created protocol for threat assessment, coordinated a regional Employee Assistance Program, and managed psychological services in the aftermath of workplace violence. Currently a healthcare mediator for a large HMO , Mark works with patients, families, physicians and staff involved in unexpected adverse medical outcomes. He is a passionate advocate for patient and family centered care, including briding physician-patient perspectives . He also maintains a private practice and delivers pro bono geropsychology services at a skilled nursing facility in Berkeley.

AnnaMarie Fidel-Rice, Ph.D., LPC (Colorado), (2003)

AnnaMarie Fidel-Rice is a Professor at Regis University in the Division of Counseling and Family Therapy where she teaches grief therapy from a depth perspective among many other courses. She maintains a pro bono psychotherapy private practice in Arvada, Colorado , and is author of the book The Alchemy of Grief: a depth psychological approach to grief . AnnaMarie has given numerous presentations on alchemy, loss, and grief as well as led retreats in Peru for celebrating the feminine.

Doug Henry, Ph.D. (2003)

Doug Henry has worked in the inpatient psychiatric unit at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital where he did evaluations, group, individual, and family therapy. He also did training and consulting work with the Santa Barbara Police Department (Hostage) Negotiation Team and the CIT – Crisis Intervention Team of the SBPD as well. He has also been lead assessor for Santa Barbara County department of Alcohol, Drug, and Mental Health Services (ADMHS), in the Calle Real Adult Outpatient Clinic. He currently works at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center as Clinical Administrator for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, where he has implemented funding from the Beckwith Institute’s Frontline Innovation Program to the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC). He also also moderated Clinical Grand Rounds presentations on children and adolescents at the WPIC.

Marcia Dobson, Ph.D. (1998)

Marcia Dobson is a Professor at Colorado College, in the Classics Department . She has taught there for over 35 years. In addition to teaching regular Classics courses such as ancient Greek drama and language, Marcia also teaches classes on discovering the unconscious, life of the soul, and myth and meaning. Marcia initiated the psychoanalysis minor at Colorado College, and now teaches classes in contemporary psychoanalysis to students both at Colorado College and at the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis during summers. Her recent research and publications consider classical texts in their relationship to psychoanalytic thinking and theory. She is also an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology .

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Chair & faculty.

The Faculty members of Pacifica’s Clinical M.A./Ph.D. Psychology program bring a passion for education and a wealth of real-world experience into the classroom.

As leaders in their fields, the members of Pacifica’s faculty include authors of international acclaim, renowned lecturers, practicing psychologists, and certified analysts. Many of the faculty are also meditation teachers, social activists, artists, and philosophers.

All Clinical faculty members share a passion for transformative forms of education and are dedicated to working with adult learners. To learn more about the faculty in the M.A./Ph.D. Program in Clinical Psychology, read the individual descriptions below.

Program FAQs

What is distinct about doctoral education in clinical psychology at pacifica.

Pacifica Graduate Institute has a 40-year long history of providing training in depth psychology within a human science model, and remains one of the few institutions in the world to offer degrees that bring together education in clinical psychology together with rich traditions of depth psychology, which draw from such fields as humanities, mythology, philosophy, cultural studies, and human sciences. In addition, Pacifica’s education emphasizes the dynamic contemporary visions of understanding human experience, which include somatic, spiritually-grounded, indigenous, multicultural, neuropsychological, and community-based approaches.

Oksana Yakushko, Program Chair, explains how Pacifica's Clinical Psychology programs educate students' minds, hearts, and souls.

Does receiving a M.A./Ph.D. from Pacifica’s clinical psychology program meet the qualification needed to be licensed as a Clinical Psychologist in California?

Our curriculum is designed to lead to licensure as a clinical psychologist (based on educational requirements for psychologists in the State of California). In order to receive the California Clinical Psychologist’s license, students must also have met the post-doctoral clinical services hours and examination requirements of the State. As part of receiving the degree from our program, students are required to complete pre-doctoral internship hours that meet requirements of the California Board of Psychology. The eligibility requirements for the formal internship programs in California are set by varied organizations, including the California Psychology Internship Council (CAPIC) which governs many clinical sites that embrace depth psychological treatment modalities.  Pacifica is a graduate school member of CAPIC, and students will be guided through the formal process of application to all such sites. Following receipt of their degree from Pacifica, students must follow state’s requirements, which include post-doctoral supervised clinical hours and passing scores on the national and state exams ( EPPP and CPLEE) . Applicants and students are responsible for following and adhering to the licensure requirements of other states or countries, in which they wish to reside and practice, which may differ from California requirements.

How long is the M.A./Ph.D. program?

Students attend classes in the M.A./Ph.D. program for three years on a year-round basis (including summers). Each year classes are held during nine, four (4)-day sessions. One seven-day summer week occurs during the summer quarter. Students complete their dissertations following the three years of coursework. There is an eight-year time limit for completion of the degree program. Please see the graph below for a visual overview of the M.A./Ph.D. program.

What is the general format of classes?

The classes are a combination of lecture and discussion formats and occur on Pacifica campus. While faculty present lecture material, time is set aside for discussions and question and answer periods. Some of the classes include presentations by experts, experiential activities (e.g., rituals, somatic exercises), as well as time for processing the information as a group. The cohort system at Pacifica encourages a process of in-depth collaborative learning that integrates the multiple personal and cultural contexts affecting learning and guiding discussions.

How much work is required outside of class?

Class assignments consist of readings, posted reflections/discussions, exams, papers or projects.  For every hour in class, at least three hours of academic work outside of class is expected.  This time may include reading, reflections, research, and writing.  Graduate study in general requires twenty (20) hours of study per week with an additional approximate 15 to 20 hours of practica per week in the second and thirds years. Dissertation and internship are undertaken after coursework is completed and comprehensive exams are passed.

Experiential clinical training at off campus clinical training sites is an essential part of the doctoral program. Students complete a minimum of 1,000 hours of practicum, 1,500 hours of internship, and 60 hours of personal therapy. The Director of Clinical Training works collaboratively with students to place them in practica in the beginning of their second year of academic study. Students receive supervision and are given feedback at off-site locations as well as during campus coursework.

Once students complete their coursework and practica and pass a comprehensive exam, students enter off-campus internships where they are also given supervision and feedback. Internships are completed in a multidisciplinary setting offering a variety of training experiences. To obtain pre-doctoral internships, students often compete in a state-wide or nation-wide competitive application process. However, state of California allows clinical training under a licensed psychologist as a psychological assistant to complete pre-doctoral internship hours required by the state of California toward psychology licensure. Training at culturally diverse sites is encouraged.

When do students have an opportunity to meet with faculty?

Each teaching faculty member holds office hours during the time that students are on campus as well as during specified hours during the week. These office hours schedules and sign-up sheets are made available during each learning session. Students are also assigned a core faculty advisor who connects with them regarding varied aspects of their academic and professional development. At the beginning of spring quarter, faculty advisors assess the progress that each student makes in the program as part of the student’s annual evaluations.

Where does a student complete the 2,500-hour practicum/internship requirement?

Students in the doctoral clinical program are required to accrue a total of 2,500 hours of approved and supervised clinical experience.  These hours are obtained in two “tiers” of training:  practicum (1000 hours required) and internship (1,500 hours required).  Both levels of training are obtained at off-campus locations such as group private practices, clinics, hospitals, treatment centers, or other agencies, in which psychologists provide services.  Practicum training is a lower level of training with more intensive and directive supervision, and is obtained during the second and third years of classes at Pacifica.  The Clinical Training Handbook outlines the requirements for beginning clinical training. During the coursework on campus, the students participate in Thursday evening practicum seminars designed to ground their clinical training experience in small-group discussions, case conferences, and intensive supervision by faculty. In contrast to practicum training, internship training is a higher level of training with more independence and responsibility, and is undertaken after the student has completed all of the coursework and passed the comprehensive exams.  The internship, in contrast to the practicum, is a summative and capstone training experience, in which the skills and the knowledge obtained through the coursework and the practicum experiences are exercised.  All of the training activities described here are coordinated and supported by Pacifica’s Training Office, including the Training Coordinator and the Director of Clinical Training.

Can a student use past personal therapy hours to satisfy the 60-hour personal therapy requirement?

The personal therapy requirement is an integral part of the program, essential for the development of clinicians who utilize themselves as an instrument of healing of others. In addition, personal self-awareness is essential to other processes of being a student including conducting research studies with human participants or engaging in clinical and scholarly dialogues in the field that expand psychological knowledge. Therefore, the minimum of 60 hours of personal therapy must be completed while a student is enrolled in the program. These hours may be completed in individual, group, couple or family settings.

Scholarships

Education Assistance Offered to new and returning students based on extreme financial hardship and strong academic excellence. The award is $1,000 to be equally divided between four quarters. For students in the M.A. Counseling program enrolled in the 3rd year, the award is $500. This scholarship is not renewable and students must apply each academic year. Students enrolled in the dissertation phase are not eligible for consideration.

Jung/Freud Clinical Psychology Scholarship Offered to newly admitted students entering into either the Ph.D. Clinical Psychology or Psy.D. Counseling programs. Awards range $2,000-$3,000. The number and amount of individual awards is contingent upon the number of eligible applications received. This scholarship is renewable, provided recipients meet the required 3.5 cumulative grade point average.

Yellow Ribbon Matching Scholarship Pacifica Graduate Institute is pleased to announce that we have entered into an agreement with the Veteran’s Administration in support of veterans continuing their education under the Post 9/11 GI Bill . Pacifica has agreed to provide up to ten Yellow Ribbon Scholarships each year for qualifying veterans under the Post 9/11 GI Bill on a first-come first-serve basis. Students in the M.A. Counseling program will qualify for up to $6,500 per year, M.A. Engaged Humanities and Creative Life will qualify for up to $5,400 per year, and those in the doctoral programs will qualify for up to $7,800 per year.

Curriculum Overview

Clinical Psychology M.A./Ph.D. classes take place in four-day sessions (Thursday evening through Sunday afternoon) once each month during fall, winter, and spring. There is also one seven-day summer session each year. Between learning sessions, advising, mentoring, study and instruction continue through individual and group mentorship from faculty, web-enhanced learning, and cohort support groups.

• Professional and Ethical Development Seminar I - CL 755 , 1 unit
• Professional and Ethical Development Seminar II - CL 756 , 1 unit
• Professional and Ethical Development Seminar III - CL 757 , 1 unit
• 1st Year Annual Assessment for Program Advancement - CL 758 , 0 units
• Psychoanalytic-Based Psychotherapy I: Developmental Perspectives - CP 711 , 2 units
• Jungian-Based Psychotherapy I: Personality Structure and Function - CP 810 , 2 units
• History and Systems of Psychology - CP 700 , 2 units
• Psychological Assessment I - CP 930 , 2 units
• Psychological Assessment II - CP 931 , 2 units
• Legal, Ethical, and Professional Practice - CP 832 , 2 units
• Advanced Psychopathology I - CP 730 , 2 units
• Biological Foundations of Human Behavior - CP 735 , 2 units
• Research Designs and Methodology I: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods - CP 932 , 2 units
• Research Designs and Methodology II: Qualitative Methods of Analysis - CP 933 , 2 units
• Research Designs and Methodology III: Quantitative Design and Statistical Analysis - CP 926 , 3 units
• History of Depth Psych & the Human Science Traditions - CL 819 , 2 units
• Phenomenological Psychology: Theory and Practice - CL 917 , 2 units
• Emergent Clinical and Social Theories in Depth Psychology - CP 799 , 2 units

Second Year

• Supervision Practicum Seminar I: Assessment and Diagnosis - CL 759 , 1 unit
• Supervision Practicum Seminar II: Assessment and Diagnosis - CL 760 , 1 unit
• Supervision Practicum Seminar III: Assessment and Diagnosis - CL 761 , 1 unit
• Psychoanalytic-Based Psychotherapy II: Personality and Psychopathology - CP 712 , 2 units
• Jungian-Based Psychotherapy II: Affect, Mind, and Psyche - CP 811 , 2 units
• Principles of Psychopharmacology - CP 873 , 2 units
• Developmental Psychology Through the Lifespan - CP 830 , 3 units
• Alcohol, Chemical Dependency, and Addictive Behaviors - CL 900 , 2 units
• Cognitive Foundations of Human Behavior - CL 837 , 2 units
• Affective Foundations of Human Behavior - CL 838 , 2 units
• Advanced Clinical Research Approaches and Dissertation Development I - CP 961 , 1 unit
• Depth Psychological Designs and Methods I - CL 928 , 2 units
• Research Designs and Methodology III: Test and Measurement - CP 934 , 2 units
• Indigenous Approaches to Psychology - CP 803 , 1 unit
• Archetypal Psychology I: Social Basis of Human Experience - CP 840 , 2 units
• Social Foundations of Human Behavior - CL 800 , 2 units
• 2nd Year Annual Assessment for Program Advancement - CL 762 , 0 units
• MA Qualifying Exam - CP 890 , 0 units
• Psychotherapy Practicum Seminar I: Effective Psychological Interventions - CL 763 , 1 unit
• Psychotherapy Practicum Seminar II: Effective Psychological Interventions - CL 764 , 1 unit
• Psychotherapy Practicum Seminar III: Effective Psychological Interventions - CL 765 , 1 unit
• 3rd Year Annual Assessment for Program Advancement - CL 766 , 0 units
• Post-Jungian Psychotherapy: Biological, Ecological, and Cultural Systems - CP 745 , 2 units
• Theories of Group Psychotherapy - CP 719 , 1 unit
• Archetypal Psychology II: Personality, Psychopathology, and Culture - CP 814 , 2 units
• Advanced Psychopathology II - CP 731 , 2 units
• Principles of Clinical Supervision and Consultation - CL 752 , 1 unit
• Evidence-Based Psychotherapies - CL 912 , 2 units
• Violence and Trauma: Developmental and Social Theories - CP 834 , 2 units
• Advanced Clinical Research Approaches and Dissertation Development II - CP 962 , 2 units
• Depth Psychological Designs and Methods II - CL 929 , 2 units
• Advanced Clinical Research Approaches and Dissertation Development III - CP 963 , 2 units
• Research Designs and Methodology IV: Advanced Qualitative Methods - CL 940 , 2 units
• Gender and Human Sexuality - CP 901 , 1 unit
• Psychotherapy with Diverse Populations - CP 845 , 2 units
• Comprehensive Exam Portfolio – CP 989 - CP 989 , 0 units
• Capstone Projects and Program Requirements
• Comprehensive Exam Portfolio - CP 989 , 0 units
• Dissertation Writing - CP 990 , 15 units
• Pre-doctoral Internship - CP 980 , 0 units
• Personal Psychotherapy - CP 950 , 0 units

Requirements for Graduation

Degree requirements for graduation.

• Students must complete a total of 105 quarter units to fulfill the unit requirement for the Ph.D. degree.
• A minimum grade of “B” is required in each completed course. A cumulative grade point average of 3.0 must be maintained.
• Students must meet attendance requirements as articulated in the Student Handbook.
• 56 units of first and second year designated coursework have been successfully completed.
• Completion of 100 hours of practicum has been documented.
• Documentation of 30 hours of personal therapy has been submitted.
• In addition to completion of the M.A. degree requirements, in order to proceed with the third year of coursework, students must pass the Second Year Assessment for Program Advancement which encompasses a comprehensive review of coursework, annual evaluations, qualifying exam results (a minimum of 80% is required), advancement toward clinical practicum training goals, writing skills and readiness to conduct research.
• Students must successfully pass the Comprehensive Portfolio at the end of the third year.
• Students must submit and defend an original dissertation accepted by the faculty.
• Students are required to complete a minimum of 1,000 hours of practicum and 1,500 hours of internship..
• Students are required to complete a total of 60 hours of personal therapy.
• Students must comply with all the policies and procedures articulated in the Student, Dissertation, and Clinical Handbooks.

Faculty Mentorship

Preparation for clinical psychology licensure, enroll today.

Pacifica Graduate Institute is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC), 985 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 100, Alameda, CA 94501, 510.748.9001, and is approved by the State of California Board of Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE) and the U. S. Department of Education.

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What to Know About a Master's in Psychology

How Long It Takes, Career Options, and Alternatives

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Emily is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, Vox, and Verywell.

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Master of Science vs. Master of Arts in Psychology

• Master's in Psychology Types
• Master's Degree Before a Doctorate
• Job With a Master's in Psychology
• Preparing for a Master's Program
• Alternatives to a Master's in Psychology

A master's in psychology is a graduate-level degree that generally involves two to three years of study after you complete your undergraduate (bachelor's) degree. The two most common types of psychology master's degrees are the Master of Arts (MA) and the Master of Science (MS).

A master's degree can open up a new world of career opportunities. Start by exploring what's involved in determining the right educational choice for you: how long it will take, your career options after graduation, and alternative degrees you might want to consider.

At a Glance

A master's in psychology usually takes two to three years to complete. Some people may stop at this level, but others may then continue to get a doctorate degree. Earning this type of degree can be an important professional step, leading to more job opportunities, higher pay, and the possibility of becoming a licensed professional in some fields.

An MA in psychology may indicate a stronger liberal arts focus, while an MS in psychology usually means a stronger concentration on research and the sciences. The type of degree offered depends on the school and program , however, since the academic requirements are often very similar.

Some master's programs in psychology offer what is known as a terminal degree. This type of degree is designed to prepare graduates for professional practice in their specialty area . In other cases, a master's degree may serve as preparation for further study at the doctoral level.

Specific requirements can vary considerably, so take a careful look at the course outline of any program you are considering. You may also choose between a thesis and a non-thesis option.

Completing a thesis is a good choice if you're interested in further graduate study, while the non-thesis alternative might be ideal if you are more interested in entering the workforce immediately after graduation.

Master's in Psychology Types

While generalist programs are available, many students elect to focus on a particular specialty area. Some of the different types of master's programs available include:

• MA or MS in Experimental Psychology
• MA or MS in Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• MA or MS in Forensic Psychology
• MA or MS in Clinical Psychology
• MA or MS in Social Psychology
• MA or MS in Child Development
• MA or MS in School Psychology

In addition to traditional master's programs, there are a variety of online master's degrees in psychology available. This can be a great option for students who don't live near a university or who need a more flexible schedule.

Master's Degree Before a Doctorate

One of the biggest questions facing students interested in earning a graduate degree in psychology is whether or not they should earn a master's degree before applying to a doctoral program.

Many PhD and PsyD programs do not require a master's degree, and students can begin these doctoral programs immediately after completing their bachelor's degrees.

If you're unsure if doctoral study is right for you, a master's degree can be a good option. Spend some time talking to your college advisor and faculty members to determine which option is the best choice based on your educational interests and career goals.

Job With a Master's in Psychology

A master's in psychology can help you gain many important skills, including:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Interpersonal

While having a master's degree means you'll find more job opportunities than at the bachelor's level, job options are still limited if you're interested in entering the field of professional psychology.

A terminal master's program, however, does open the door to entry-level jobs in fields such as mental health , industrial-organizational psychology, and forensic psychology . Other potential employment sectors include colleges, universities, private businesses, and government.

Preparing for a Master's Program

If you're interested in pursuing a master's degree in psychology, it pays to start planning early. Check the requirements of a few programs you're considering, and then be sure to schedule all of the prerequisite courses during your years of undergraduate study.

Statistics, experimental methods , and developmental psychology are just a few of the common courses required by psychology graduate programs .

Before you apply to a master's program, you may also be required to take the Graduate Record Examination or GRE. In addition to taking the main test, you might also need to take the GRE psychology subject test .

Once you've been admitted to a master's program, take note of the required courses, and check out your school's class offering schedule. Some classes are only offered every other semester or every other year, so plan carefully to ensure that you are able to take all the classes you need during your two- to three-year program.

Alternatives to a Master's in Psychology

You might decide that a master's degree in psychology is not the best choice for you. In such cases, a different degree may be better able to help you fulfill your academic and career goals.

Fortunately, there are many related alternative programs to choose from. If you know that you want to work in mental health, counseling, social work , school psychology, education, and health sciences, there are other academic options that might also appeal to you.

Possible alternative degrees include:

• PhD in Psychology
• Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
• Master's in Social Work
• Master's in Counseling
• Master's in Sociology
• Master's in Student Affairs
• Master's in Education

What This Means For You

A master's in psychology can be a great option for many students, particularly those who want to advance their careers or pursue further graduate study. Some master's programs offer a general degree, but many focus on a specialty area such as clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, or school psychology. If you think a master's in psychology might be right for you, talk to an academic advisor to learn more about your options.

Michalski DS. Master's careers in psychology . Psychology Student Network.

Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al. Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action .  Annu Rev Clin Psychol . 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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What are the Differences Between a Masters and PhD in Psychology?

Choosing a path in psychology can be a bit like picking a route for a big journey. Should you stop at a master’s or go all the way to a PhD? While both are advanced degrees, they serve different purposes.

A master’s in psychology usually takes less time and provides a general overview, helping you get into various career paths within the field. A PhD, however, is a longer journey, focusing on specialized research and allowing you to become an expert in a specific area.

So, whether you are dreaming of counseling, teaching, or groundbreaking research, understanding the distinctions between these degrees is crucial. Let’s explore both options to find which suits you best!

Masters Vs. PhD in Psychology

A master’s in psychology typically takes 2-3 years and provides foundational knowledge and skills for various psychology-related careers. On the other hand, a PhD in psychology, taking 4-7 years, emphasizes research and advanced expertise, preparing graduates for academic, research, or specialized clinical positions.

To work in the field psychology, you need to have a minimum of master’s degree in psychology , and if you want to become a licensed psychologist , then a PhD will help you do that.

Master’s and Ph.D. degrees come under the heading of graduate studies. As mentioned above, a master’s degree in psychology typically takes between 2 to 3 years to complete in addition to an undergraduate in the same subject.

There are different types of psychology master’s degrees with the two most common being a Master’s of Art (M.A.) and a Master’s of Science (M.S.) . Without a master’s degree in psychology you cannot get licensed and hence you cannot begin practicing freely.

If your focus in psychology is more towards the applied side, you will need to complete an internship as well. Depending on the program, students may also need to prepare a thesis report towards the final months of a master’s program.

When it comes to a psychology doctorate degree , there are essentially 2 options – a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) or a Psy. D (Doctor of Psychology) . A PhD in psychology is more research oriented, whereas a Psy. D is more focused towards the practical and clinical sides. However, we are limiting our discussion to a PhD in psychology.

Typically a PhD can take between 4 and 7 years depending on how you approach it and on your work schedule. A few years of course work and a final dissertation are almost always required in a PhD program. Some PhD programs even require students to complete an internship which formally marks the end of their doctorate program.

The Road to Get There

To get into a master’s level program in psychology, it is preferred that candidates possess an undergraduate background in psychology. At the undergraduate level, students are presented with the opportunity to choose their majors which is then carried forward in the master’s program.

The undergraduate degree is necessary for creating a strong background and laying the right foundation for students. Some masters programs prefer that candidates have gone through some practical training which usually takes the form of an internship.

A master’s degree in psychology can also serve as an inroad to a PhD in psychology. Many top university PhD programs require students to have a master’s degree in psychology under their belt as a pre-requisite.

However not all PhD programs have that requirement. Some programs offer students a terminal master’s degree in the process of a PhD. This is basically a specialized master’s program that prepares students in their area of expertise and professional practice.

It is often required by PhD level psychology programs for students to have some kind of prior practical experience. This could be an internship or an assistant level position to a senior psychologist. With added practical experience, the concepts taught at the doctorate level are easier to understand and make more sense.

After Graduation

Psychology is a vast and quick expanding field of science which means that demand for qualified psychologists is high. With a masters level psychology you may land some entry level jobs such as a research assistant, assistant to a supervisor, teacher’s assistant and so on. You may work with other psychologists and learn from them on the job.

Opportunities may also exist in mental health institutes, schools and the like. You may also sit-in some sessions with a senior as they treat other patients. Initially there will be a lot of interaction with seniors in a controlled environment.

With a PhD in psychology under your belt you may be exposed to a more challenging and dynamic work environment. You may be part of an experiment where patients are kept under closely monitored situations. Pharmaceutical companies may contract your services to work on drug trials for instance.

Depending on your chosen niche, you may spend time with patients at correctional facilities, detention centers and even prisons.

Which One is Right For You?

There is no right answer for this question. Both degree options have their own merits, requirements and results. What matters is your drive and motivation as well as your career aspiration. For starters, you need to have an interest in the subject of psychology, otherwise there may not be any point in doing a masters, let alone a PhD.

A masters can only take you so far career-wise, sooner or later you will need to rely on a PhD to take your career to the next level – therefore you need to consider your vision. The best way to answer this question is from a timeline point of view – you must prioritize your goals at the given time.

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Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the 30 best psychology master's programs and how to pick.

General Education

Regardless of whether you majored in psychology as an undergrad or are just now realizing you have an invested interest in the field, a psychology master's program could be a great fit for you, especially if you're not sure about pursuing a doctorate.

In this guide, we look at what kinds of psychology master's programs are out there and what the point of these programs is in terms of how they help you build a career. Moreover, we'll present you with a list of the best psychology master's programs for various kinds of psychology.

What's the Point of a Master's in Psychology?

What is the overall purpose of entering a psychology master's program and earning an advanced degree in psychology?

For one, many people choose to get a master's degree in psychology to learn more about a specific subfield or type of psychology. Whereas a bachelor's degree program in psych mostly provides you with a broad overview of the field, a master's degree program lets you concentrate on the particular area of psychology that interests you most.

The area you're interested in will likely vary depending on what kind of job you're hoping to get after you earn your degree (and also whether you want to continue on to get a doctorate ).

Here are some examples of the types of psychology you could study in a graduate program:

• Clinical psychology
• Industrial-organizational psychology
• Child and adolescent development
• Counseling psychology
• Educational psychology
• Experimental psychology
• Developmental psychology
• Cognitive psychology
• Social psychology
• Health psychology
• Behavioral psychology
• General psychology

Secondly, a master's degree in psychology can be useful because many jobs in the field require or strongly prefer people with a master's degree. In short, a master's degree has the potential to advance your career.

Most counseling and therapy jobs, for example, require a master's degree in psychology, therapy, counseling, social work, or a related field. Therefore, by getting a master's degree, you're not only deepening your knowledge of a particular area of psych but also expanding your job prospects.

The chart below shows a variety of psychology-related jobs for master's degree holders and what kinds of salaries and job growth rates you can expect for them. All jobs listed require at least a bachelor's degree (typically in psychology), with some requiring a master's degree in psychology or a related field.

For each job, we give you its 2021 median annual salary and employment growth rate for 2020-2030. Jobs are listed in order of highest salary to lowest. All data is from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

According to the BLS, the current average employment growth rate is 10%, so any job with a percentage higher than this means that it's growing faster than average.

In general, an advanced degree will increase your earning potential. Even for jobs that only require a bachelor's degree, a master's degree could help you stand apart from other applicants and give you a better chance of nabbing a higher salary for that position.

But what if you want to become an actual psychologist?

Can You Become a Psychologist With Just a Master's Degree?

You might have noticed that the chart above doesn't include the job "psychologist" in it. This isn't a mistake—the reality is that in order to become a practicing psychologist, you will need to earn either a PhD in Psychology or a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD). In other words, a master's degree, though impressive, simply won't cut it if your dream is to work full-time as a licensed psychologist.

I should clarify here that a psychologist differs from a therapist. Psychologists hold a doctorate and often work with psychiatrists to diagnose and treat disorders; they can also conduct research or offer therapy. By contrast, therapists can hold either a master's degree or doctorate and solely offer therapy services to support and guide patients. The word "therapist" is a broader term that encompasses not only psychologists who offer therapy services, but also counselors, life coaches, and social workers.

According to the BLS, the majority of research, clinical, and counseling psychologists are required to have a doctoral degree . That said, a master's degree could be sufficient for jobs as a school psychologist or an industrial-organizational psychologist.

In addition to a PhD or PsyD, you'll usually need to have a psychologist license. This applies to most jobs that include the title "psychologist." (Note that although therapists must be licensed as well, their license requirements differ from those required to become a psychologist.)

To get licensed as a psychologist, you'll typically need to have done the following:

• Earned a PhD in Psychology or a PsyD
• Passed the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology
• Completed an internship
• Accumulated one to two years of supervised professional experience

Exact licensure requirements vary by state, so be sure to check with your own state's policies and procedures to see what you must do to become a licensed psychologist.

Though not typically required by states, certain jobs might require psychologists to obtain board certification in a particular area of psychology, too.

Here are some examples of jobs you could get with a doctorate in psychology (ordered from highest median salary to lowest):

Best Psychology Master's Programs: Notes on Rankings

Before we take a look at our list of the best psychology master's programs, it's important that we are aware of the current state of these types of programs.

Because a doctorate is required to become a psychologist—the overarching goal of many people studying psychology— there aren't many terminal psychology master's programs in the US.

Indeed, most psychologists earn a master's in psychology on the way to their doctorate (students normally get an MA/MS in Psychology along the way to the PhD or PsyD after a couple of years of study). This means that it can be somewhat difficult to find psychology master's degree programs that are not part of doctoral programs.

Therefore, we've looked mostly at master's degree programs in fields related to psychology, such as social work, counseling, and therapy. These degrees range from a Master of Social Work (MSW), to an MA, to other specialized types of professional master's degrees.

For each category of master's degree, we'll be introducing you to our top four to five choices (unranked), which we have determined based primarily on the following criteria:

• Prestige of both the program and overall school
• Ranking of the program by online lists and websites, such as US News
• Array of concentrations, classes, and online options offered
• Whether the program has an internship and/or practicum component
• Quality and reputation of faculty

Now then, it's time to look at our picks for the best psychology master's programs!

The Best Psychology Master's Programs, by Category

Since there aren't that many terminal psychology master's programs (programs that don't require or expect you to continue on to get a doctoral degree), this list will mostly consist of programs that offer master's degrees in fields strongly tied to psychology.

Here are the seven categories we'll be looking at (feel free to click the link to jump straight to that category):

Social Work

Marriage and family therapy, mental health counseling, school counseling/educational psychology, rehabilitation counseling, clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology.

The field of social work is largely connected to psychology, especially counseling and therapy, in that it's all about improving the lives of people and people within certain communities. Typically, social work master's degree programs lead to a Master of Social Work (MSW).

University of Michigan —Ann Arbor, MI

Ranked #1 by US News and many other top social work programs lists, U-M's MSW program offers many areas of specialization, including aging in families and society, children and youth in families, and community and social systems.

Many students attend U-M's MSW program to jump-start their careers as school social workers, juvenile justice workers, case managers, community organizers, or geriatric specialists.

The school offers 550 fieldwork locations so students can gain real-life experience and training. U-M also has made available several scholarships, such as the Geriatric Scholarship Program and the Child Welfare Scholarship.

Washington University in St. Louis —St. Louis, MO

Another top-ranked social work program based at the Brown School, WUSTL's MSW offers the opportunity to perform groundbreaking research with renowned faculty to create sustainable impact.

Nine concentrations are available, including mental health; American Indian and Alaska Native; children, youth, and families; health; and violence and injury prevention. WUSTL has connections with more than 500 organizations around the world for students to complete their practicum.

University of Chicago —Chicago, IL

If you'd prefer a more flexible approach to social work, UChicago's social work master's degree program might be a good fit for you. Equivalent to an MSW, the MA in Social Work, Social Policy, and Social Administration provides students with a broader foundation that combines research, theory, practical experience, and policy development.

Two concentrations are available: Clinical and Social Administration. In addition, students can take advantage of a handful of study abroad opportunities in India, China, and Hong Kong. (Note: due to COVID-19 restrictions, the study abroad programs in China and Hong Kong are currently on hold.) 

Columbia University —New York, NY

Home to the first social work school in the US, Columbia has a highly ranked MSW program . This rigorous program combines theory and practice to help students become leading professionals in the field of social work.

Four method concentrations are available across seven fields of practice, which are as follows:

• Contemporary Social Issues
• Family, Youth, and Children's Services
• Health, Mental Health, and Disabilities
• International Social Welfare and Services to Immigrants and Refugees
• School-Based and School-Linked Services
• World of Work

Columbia's MSW is also available entirely online (for specific fields of practice) —perfect for those who aren't based in New York or who'd prefer the flexibility of an online program.

University of California, Berkeley —Berkeley, CA

Established in 1944, UC Berkeley's Master of Social Welfare (MSW) program is known for producing top-quality social work professionals who are able to work in multiple practice areas and assume a variety of leadership roles.

There are three specializations students can choose from:

• Strengthening Children, Youth, and Families
• Strengthening Organizations and Communities
• Advancing Health and Well-being across the Adult Lifespan

Although UC Berkeley doesn't offer an online version of its MSW program, students have the option of earning their MSW degree concurrently with either a Master of Public Health or a Master of Public Policy. Working professionals or other students who can’t attend a full-time degree program can pursue the FlexMSW option as well. FlexMSW Advanced program allows students to complete the degree in one year; the FlexMSW Extended program allows students to extend the degree timeline over the course of three years.

These next master's programs specialize in marriage and family therapy, and offer degrees and practical experiences so you can become a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) in the state where you earn your degree.

Note that although many of these programs are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE), MFT programs are not required to have this accreditation.

Northwestern University —Evanston, IL

The MS in Marriage and Family Therapy program at Northwestern is a joint initiative between The Graduate School and the Family Institute at Northwestern—which boasts an impressive 40-year history of researching and teaching marriage and family therapy.

This COAMFTE-accredited program uses a 21st-century approach called Integrative Systemic Therapy. Students study topics such as intimate relations, treatment models, and methods of systems therapy; do an intensive clinical internship; and conduct at least 500 hours of therapy.

Brigham Young University —Provo, UT

Students can earn an MS in Marriage and Family Therapy in BYU's COAMFTE-accredited program, which aims to prepare students to pass the Association of Marital and Family Therapy Regulatory Boards .

The aim of the program is to help students develop theoretical, research, and clinical competence, as well as the ability to understand cultural diversity. Students have the option to pursue either a research track (mainly for those intending to go on to doctoral study) or a clinical track.

The program is quite competitive, with a mere 20% acceptance rate.

University of San Diego —San Diego, CA

USD offers a highly regarded MA in Marital and Family Therapy program that is accredited by both COAMFTE and the Board of Behavioral Sciences in California .

This two-year program has a unique "biopsychosocial, systems approach" that focuses on how relationships influence our day-to-day lives. Class topics include human diversity, couples and sex therapy, ethical and legal issues in family therapy, and family violence.

Students enroll in a practicum for three semesters wherein they accumulate 500 hours of direct supervised contact with clients by working for a community agency.

Pepperdine University —Malibu, CA

At Pepperdine, students can get an MA in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis in marriage and family therapy .

This program, which offers more than 130 clinical practicum sites, prepares students to become a licensed marriage and family therapist or a licensed professional clinical counselor in the state of California.

Classes teach students about human sexuality and intimacy, mental health systems, multicultural counseling, and preparing for the practicum.

The following master's programs in psychology focus on providing counseling services to people with psychiatric disabilities and/or problems with substance abuse and addiction (as opposed to rehabilitation counseling or career counseling, for example).

Many mental health counseling master's programs are accredited by the Masters in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC) and/or the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP).

New York University —New York, NY

NYU, a consistently top-ranked private university, offers an MPCAC-accredited MA in Counseling for Mental Health and Wellness program . In this program, students must complete a 600-hour internship and a 100-hour practicum over a 12-week period.

This program is available both on-campus and online , the latter of which lets you choose from among three start dates (January, June, or September). The online version also gives students the chance to visit NYU for three to four days of networking and hands-on training.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill —Chapel Hill, NC

UNC's Clinical Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling master's program is a unique, highly regarded program that combines two types of counseling and is also accredited by CACREP.

This program specifically aims to prepare students to become Certified Rehabilitation Counselors (CRCs) and Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) in North Carolina. In 2021, 100% passed the CRC exam on their first attempt, and the job placement rate of CRMH graduates who were actively seeking employment after graduation is 98% for the past five years.

Students can choose to concentrate on developmental disabilities, psychiatric disabilities, or both.

At the famed Columbia Teachers College, students can earn an MEd in Mental Health Counseling . Strengths of the program include its focus on cultural diversity and social justice, its commitment to experiential training, and its emphasis on providing students with adequate opportunities to conduct research.

Many graduates of the program go on to work in educational and health settings such as schools, colleges, hospitals, and clinics.

University of Wisconsin–Madison —Madison, WI

UW Madison's highly ranked MS in Counseling program is available through the Department of Counseling Psychology. Mandatory core courses include Abnormal Behavior and Psychopathology, Social and Cultural Foundations, Counseling Theories, and Crisis and Trauma Counseling. Students must complete a year-long practicum and also have the option to do a master's thesis.

These next counseling psychology master's programs are all about helping students in school settings. School counselors assist students with personal, social, and career development; they also offer guidance to students with academic problems.

Most school counselors work in schools (primary and secondary), though some instead work at community centers or youth centers. Like the mental health counseling programs above, many school counseling programs have been accredited by CACREP.

Vanderbilt University —Nashville, TN

Ranked #3 by US News in educational psychology programs, Vanderbilt offers a fantastic school counseling master's program: the MEd in Human Development Counseling with an emphasis in School Counseling (the other emphasis available is Clinical Mental Health Counseling).

Some of the program's biggest benefits are its small classes and the option to complete the school counseling track entirely online . Both tracks are accredited by CACREP.

What's more, over the past decade, 100% of school counseling students secured employment within four months of graduation.

University of Texas at Austin —Austin, TX

One of the nation's most renowned public universities, UT offers top-ranked MEd in Counselor Education and MA in School Psychology programs (the latter of which is geared toward those who ultimately plan to get a doctorate).

Two tracks are available for the MEd program: School Counseling (counseling students in K-12), and Higher Education Counseling & Student Affairs (which focuses on roles within colleges and universities). This program option emphasizes the importance of diversity training and lets students supplement their studies so they can eventually become an LPC.

Meanwhile, the highly competitive MA program prepares you to become a Licensed Specialist in School Psychology in Texas.

University of Maryland —College Park, MD

UMD's MEd in School Counseling is a high-quality psychology master's program that is currently ranked #7 by US News on its list of the best educational psychology schools.

Here, students learn how to work with diverse student populations, with special emphasis on the importance of social justice and inclusivity. Students must also complete a 100-hour practicum in addition to two 300-hour internships in urban public school systems. Courses cover research methods, school counseling, and special education, among other topics.

Ohio State University —Columbus, OH

Ranked #4 for school counseling programs and #12 for educational psych programs , OSU offers two reputable psychology master's programs: an MA in Educational Psychology and an MA in Counselor Education .

In the former, students can study alongside doctoral students and take advantage of the program's partnership with the Learning Technologies program to learn more about the intersection between psychology and technology.

The latter, which is CACREP-accredited, trains students to become professional counselors and to work at places such as public schools, community agencies, and health-care facilities.

Rehabilitation counseling is a type of counseling in which you work with people who have physical, emotional, mental, and/or developmental disabilities to help them achieve and maintain a self-sufficient lifestyle and career.

Many of the following master's programs in rehabilitation counseling are accredited by CACREP.

Michigan State University —East Lansing, MI

MSU's MA in Rehabilitation Counseling program is currently ranked #1 by US News .

In this CACREP-accredited program, students study disability management, ethical practices, and the social and psychological side of disabilities. Additionally, students must complete a practicum and internship. Evening classes are available to accommodate a range of schedules.

Upon completion of this program, graduates may sit for the national CRC exam and are eligible to apply for Limited Licensure as a Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Michigan.

Tied for the #1 spot with MSU for best rehabilitation counseling graduate programs, UW Madison offers a top-ranked MS in Rehabilitation Counseling program through the school's Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education.

In this program, which has been accredited by CACREP, students learn how to improve the quality of life for people with psychiatric and physical disabilities, alcohol/substance abuse problems, and learning disabilities.

Notably, UW Stout (another branch of the University of Wisconsin system) offers an online MS in Rehabilitation Counseling program that was ranked #4 in the country by US News . This part-time online master's program lasts three years and is geared toward those with at least two years of related work experience.

George Washington University —Washington, DC

GW's MA in Rehabilitation Counseling program is available both on-campus and online and is currently ranked #3 by US News on its list of best rehabilitation counseling programs.

This CACREP-accredited program consists of intensive coursework as well as an internship and practicum. One of the program's unique traits is the breadth of counseling theories and practices it covers, from multicultural counseling to the medical aspects of disabilities.

Furthermore, GW has a special mentorship program wherein current master's students are paired with graduates.

University of Alabama —Tuscaloosa, AL

UA offers a renowned, CACREP-accredited MA in Rehabilitation Counseling . In this wholly online program, students get to watch live class lectures and take classes in career development, ethics, research methods, life-span development, and psychopathology. Additionally, both an internship and practicum are required.

Several scholarships are available through UA's College of Continuing Studies.

University of Massachusetts Boston —Boston, MA

Through UMassOnline, the renowned distance-learning platform created by the UMass schools, including UMass Boston, students can earn an MS in Rehabilitation Counseling , which is ranked #15 by US News .

This CACREP-accredited, 60-credit program begins in the summertime and uses the cohort model wherein all students take the same program of study. Although all the classes are delivered online, students are required to be on-campus for two weeks in July to complete two mandatory clinical courses during their first summer of study.

Clinical psychology focuses on the science behind mental illness and disability. Although clinical psychology master's programs are usually far harder to find than doctoral programs, there are some terminal ones available.

Be aware that these master's programs do not lead to licensure as a psychologist (though they could prepare you for licensure as a therapist or counselor), as you'll generally need a doctorate to become a practicing clinical psychologist.

Note: For a list of the best clinical psychology doctoral programs, check out this one by US News .

Northwestern is known for its doctoral clinical psychology program, for which it's currently ranked #27 by US News , but it also offers a renowned master's program in clinical psychology .

This program is designed mainly for those who aren't decided about getting a doctorate in clinical psychology and who want to learn more about clinical psychology through an academic lens. As such, the program does not lead to licensure for clinical practice as a psychologist, nor does it include the clinical training required for clinical practice.

Classwork is mostly the same as that completed by the clinical psychology PhD students. Master's students must also participate in a Research Lab Experience for at least 10 hours a week and finish a capstone project under the guidance of a research mentor.

Ivy League member Columbia offers an esteemed MA in Psychology in Education program , which is geared toward students interested in clinical psychology and mental health occupations. It’s also designed to give students the academic preparation needed to apply to doctoral programs in psychology, though the master’s program is not a funnel into a specific PhD program.

Although the program doesn't prepare students to become a professionally licensed psychologist, it does serve those who wish to work in the field of mental health and psychology more broadly.

Students in the program are mentored by clinical psychology PhD students and can choose from among eleven concentrations:

• Child & Family
• Clinical Psychology & Technology
• Community Psychology & Integrated Health Services
• Forensic Psychology
• Global Mental Health & Trauma
• Neuropsychology
• Psychotherapy 
• Research Methods
• Sexuality, Women & Gender
• Spirituality & Mind/Body Practices

Ranked #33 by US News for its doctoral clinical psychology program, UMD also offers a Master of Professional Studies (MPS) in Clinical Psychological Science . This program primarily targets those who are interested in clinical psychology but aren't sure where to begin or don't know whether a doctorate is the right path.

The MPS emphasizes the study of empirical scientific research in clinical psychology. Classes, which can be taken in the evenings, include Basic Foundations of Clinical Interventions, Research Methods in Clinical Psychology, and Child Psychopathology.

Boston University —Boston, MA

Tied for the #27 spot on US News with UMD for its doctoral program in clinical psychology, BU has an MA in Psychology program wherein you can specialize in clinical psychology specifically.

This master's program is rigorous, lasting only one year, and offers courses on a multitude of topics, such as behavioral medicine, social oppression, child therapy, and social anxiety. Students have the opportunity to work directly with a faculty member on a Directed Study project as well.

Industrial-organizational psychology—also known as I/O psychology—is an applied discipline in the field of psychology that involves using psychological principles to improve workplace settings, encourage efficiency, and foster teamwork.

While most I/O programs are doctoral ones, there's still a number of master's programs available around the country, mostly at state and tech schools.

Note: For a list of the best I/O psychology doctoral programs, check out the rankings by US News .

At NYU, students can enroll in the MA in Industrial/Organizational Psychology program to learn about critical topics, such as work motivation, personnel selection, training in organizations, etc.

Based in NYU's eminent Department of Psychology, the I/O psych master's program offers small class sizes and provides students with a foundation in research, practice, and theory so they can pursue jobs in client interaction and solution development for corporate environments.

Students can choose from among six specializations:

• Management consulting
• Leading and managing change
• Executive coaching
• Conflict and negotiation
• Quality of work life
• Diversity and culture

Middle Tennessee State University —Murfreesboro, TN

Although MTSU isn't as well known as some of the other colleges on this list, it's home to the #4 I/O psych master's program , as ranked in 2018 by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). This makes MTSU an excellent choice for I/O psychology students.

This program emphasizes the real-world application of skills and knowledge through a required internship. Students must also complete several applied projects with local businesses.

Many graduates have gone on to work for large companies and corporations, including Walmart, Microsoft, Coca-Cola, and Target.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis —Indianapolis, IN

IUPUI's MS in Industrial/Organizational Psychology program is well liked among students and a solid choice for I/O studies, especially if you're more interested in the organizational aspect.

Cohorts are small—around three students each year —ensuring that all master's students get tons of individualized attention and guidance. Students learn about the core content areas of I/O psychology and are required to write a thesis and conduct research with the assistance of faculty members. The program also offers the option to take part in a summer internship.

Several scholarships are available to MS students at IUPUI.

Florida Institute of Technology —Melbourne, FL

The MS in Industrial Organizational Psychology at Florida Tech is ranked #10 by SIOP and is famed for the strength of its faculty and mentoring.

The program utilizes a team-based research approach in small-sized classes, allowing students to conduct critical research with faculty members and their peers. MS students also have the option to participate in a 300-hour practicum in order to gain real-world experience.

Moreover, the program offers a concentration in international I/O psychology for students who hope to work in international business settings.

Recap: The Best Psychology Master's Programs

When it comes to psychology master's programs, at a first glance, it might not seem that there are that many programs available to those not seeking a doctorate.

But the truth is that there are a ton of quality, prestigious psychology master's programs out there —you just have to know what type of psychology you want to study and what kind of career you're hoping to get out of your degree.

Although you can't become a licensed, practicing psychologist with just a master's degree, you can enter related fields and work as a licensed counselor, therapist, or social worker.

To recap, here are the best psychology master's programs for each category above:

• University of Michigan
• UC Berkeley
• Northwestern
• University of San Diego
• UNC Chapel Hill
• University of Alabama
• UMass Boston
• Middle Tennessee State
• Florida Tech

We hope this list will be useful as you search for the best psychology master's program for you!

What's Next?

Are you planning to take the AP Psych exam? Get tips and review what you need to know with our ultimate AP Psych study guide . For study materials, check out our picks for the best AP Psych prep books and get access to free official and unofficial practice tests .

Not sure if a master's degree is the right move for you? Then take a look at our in-depth guide on what grad school is and how to determine whether you should go .

Hannah received her MA in Japanese Studies from the University of Michigan and holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California. From 2013 to 2015, she taught English in Japan via the JET Program. She is passionate about education, writing, and travel.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

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M.A. in Psychology

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Students from all over the world choose NYU

A comprehensive program to achieve your career goals:, flexibility.

The flexibility of the M.A. Program suits a broad range of students. Some students have decided on a particular focus when they enter our program, and take courses that fit these interests. However, students are not required to choose an area of focus. Some students enter our program with the intention of exploring the field of psychology. In these cases, students often take a variety of electives in order to see where their interests lie.

Common areas of focus are: Social Psychology Cognition/Perception & Neuroscience Clinical Psychology* Clinical Neuroscience* Forensic Psychology Social & Consumer Psychology

* The M.A. Program prepares students for doctoral study in clinical or counseling psychology, but is not an accredited clinical training program leading to licensure at the M.A. level.

Curriculum Opportunities

Our program requires the completion of 12 courses and either a thesis or comprehensive exam. Students are required to take Statistics, Research Methods, and 3 core Psychology courses (see Program Requirements ). Of the remaining seven electives, three must be taken within the Psychology Department, while up to four can be taken elsewhere at NYU, with advisor permission. As the largest private university in the U.S., NYU has many schools, centers, and departments, and courses from outside the Psychology Department can broaden students’ perspectives. Students select courses in consultation with M.A. Program advisors.

Small Class Sizes

Our classes have an average size of 15 students. The small class size allows students to get to know professors and each other. Individual and team projects, debates, oral presentations and written papers are included in classes in order to prepare students for careers in academia and/or business environments.

Most of our classes are offered in the evenings to accommodate students who are employed, taking a fieldwork course, or involved in daytime research internships. Full-time students typically take three courses per semester and finish the program in four semesters (two years). US or permanent resident students have the option of taking fewer than three courses per semester, but must complete the program within five years. International students must be enrolled in courses full-time (3 courses per semester)

M.A. Program classes are taught by full-time Psychology Department faculty as well as adjunct faculty who are seasoned practitioners, organization professionals or business leaders. All faculty members have Ph.D. degrees. In addition to M.A. Program courses, students may take doctoral courses with permission from faculty and advisor approval. Many M.A. students obtain research experience by working in the labs of faculty in the Psychology Department.

Research experience

Many students join research labs while enrolled in the M.A. Program, in order to gain hands-on experience. These research labs may be in the Psychology Department, in other departments at NYU, or at other universities, institutions or organizations in the New York metro area. Research experience helps students to develop specific skills and knowledge needed for doctoral study or research-based employment.

Our program also offers students opportunities to develop research and quantitative skills through coursework in research design, statistics and computational methods, which can be helpful for careers in both academia and business.

Internships and jobs

Many of our students are employed, either full-time or part-time, while enrolled in the M.A. Program. Some students participate in internships (paid or unpaid) to gain experience related to clinical or forensic psychology, marketing, or other areas of research and applied psychology. Postings of job opportunities and internships are regularly passed on to students. The NYU Wasserman Center for Career Development also provides many resources for students who are seeking internships and jobs.

Vibrant Student Community

Our program offers opportunities for getting to know people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Students come from many different countries and from across the United States. Several student groups within the M.A. Program organize events for networking, professional development, and social interaction. The Graduate Psychology Association includes all students in the M.A. Program. Special Interest Groups are smaller and include students interested in particular focus areas. The M.A. Program also has an International Student Club. Student groups hold regular meetings to hear invited speakers, discuss topics of interest, mentor each other and socialize.

M.A. Research Conference

Every year, the Psychology Department holds an M.A. Research Conference that is modeled after professional conferences. The conference offers M.A. students the opportunity to create a poster and present it to a panel of judges. Conference presentations give students experience in discussing professional work, which is useful for job and doctoral program interviews.

The Master’s College

The Graduate School of Arts and Science’s Master's College provides access to information, advisement, and resources for prospective and current master's students as they focus on their scholarly, professional, and personal development. Founded by Dean Emeritus Catharine R. Stimpson in 2007, the Master’s College is an innovative initiative in higher education which demonstrates our commitment and dedication to master’s education and students.

GSAS Threesis Challenge

Every year the Master’s College holds a Threesis Event. The Threesis showcases scholarly work from Master’s students across many departments at NYU GSAS. Each participating student presents a research project to a panel of faculty judges in language appropriate for a non-specialist audience.  Students receive mentoring and presentation skills training that are useful for both academic and non-academic careers.

Opportunities after Graduation

Some students enter our program in order to prepare for doctoral studies in psychology or business, or for professional fields such as law. Our curriculum and the research opportunities offered through our program have helped many students gain admission to the doctoral programs of their choice.

We also have students who enter our program in order to prepare for employment in institutional, organizational or corporate settings. Our graduates have gone on to work in diverse areas, including academic research, applied psychology, human resources, marketing, market and insight research, and user experience design.

Our MA Psychology student won a major GSAS Award this year!

Gsas master's college threesis academic challenge, third place award - yasmin farah, share this page.

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MPhil vs PhD: What to pursue after Masters?

MPhil vs PhD: Master of Philosophy is known as “MPhil” and the full form of PhD is “Doctor of Philosophy”. Although both degrees are similar and have a great importance in their respective fields, there are several factors that differentiate them. These factors include the admission procedure, course duration, course structure and many more. While PhD is by far the most popular research degree across the world, students can also explore other research degrees like MPhil, Doctor of Science, Doctor by Judicial Science, and so on.

Between MPhil vs PhD, many students choose an MPhil degree , which is a 1 to 2 years research based programme and is seen as a first step towards a PhD. However, most students are either not aware or are confused about the degrees and MPhil vs PhD difference. In this article, we explain the basics of both MPhil and PhD degrees and help students in solving the MPhil vs PhD conundrum.

Master of Philosophy vs PhD: What is a PhD?

The PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is one of the highest levels of degree that a student can achieve in his/her academic credentials. A PhD is a Doctorate degree which can be attained through detailed research on a subject, following which the researcher is required to submit a thesis describing the result of her research. Usually, a PhD can be taken up after Master's and MPhil.

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However, in certain cases, students can pursue PhD after bachelors as it is prevalent in the USA. As the name suggests, a PhD is a doctorate degree and is mainly pursued by those who are interested in a career in academics. There is no specific time frame for a PhD However, it generally takes upwards of 3 years to complete a PhD which can go up to 7 to 10 years. A PhD is usually undertaken under an academician, working under a university or otherwise, who is known to have enough research experience to guide the PhD candidate.

MPhil vs PhD: What is an MPhil degree?

The Master of Philosophy which is the full form of MPhil is a structured research degree that allows students to take up research-oriented studies for 1 or 2 years. It is an intermediate degree between a Master's and a PhD and is sometimes seen as a first step towards a Doctorate. In MPhil, students learn the fundamentals of research work and may actually investigate the research of others rather than taking up their own research. An MPhil degree is more common in the field of Arts and Humanities, with many universities offering it as a replacement for a Ph.D.

Again, an MPhil degree is not necessarily a research degree. In cases like that of Cambridge University, MPhil replaces the one-year Masters’ degree and has more coursework content. However, in other cases, the MPhil degree's structure is inclined more towards research or the study of it.

MPhil or PhD: Which One is Better?

While the inclination of both PhD and MPhil is towards research, both are far from being similar degrees. Two of the major difference between PhD and MPhil are, of course, their lengths and content structure. The table below highlights MPhil vs PhD difference in terms of length, content, guidance and more.

Difference between PhD and MPhil

What after Masters: MPhil or PhD?

Generally speaking, pursuing a Master's or PhD depends on the interest of the student. Both are research-oriented programmes and lead to different qualifications. Since an MPhil is intermediate to a PhD, many students pursue it as preparation for a PhD. It has, however, been observed that MPhil degrees are mostly offered in the field of Arts and Humanities while STEM-related fields focus more on Ph.D. Further, MPhil courses are rare and not all universities offer an MPhil degree while most universities, especially research intensive ones, offer research opportunities in at least some of the subjects.

MPhil vs PhD: How to apply?

For PhD, the best way to apply is by searching research opportunities in specific departments and writing to them asking for opportunities. While Master's is a must for many universities, many even accept bachelor's students, provided the student can show credentials that are impressive enough for the faculty members. PhD aspirants are required to submit a research proposal and their doctorate depends on whether the research proposal is accepted and an academician at a university is willing to take the student under her.

For application to MPhil, the requirements vary along with the universities. Since an MPhil degree does not require a dissertation; students are not required to submit a research proposal for the same. In fact, the process of applying for an MPhil is more often the same as for Master's. However, the university will look into your research interest during screening. Also, as in PhD, when you apply, it helps to have majored in the same subject that you wish to pursue your MPhil in.

Here are few ways to apply for PhD across the world:

How to apply for Phd in the UK?

How to apply for Phd in the USA?

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

Both degrees are based on coursework and research, however a PhD has a greater advantage over an MPhil. A candidate for a PhD may teach in academic settings as well as in the field of education.

MPhil is less intensive than a PhD and therefore easier to study than PhD.

The MPhil degree provides several profitable employment prospects in the legal profession, academic research, private industry, government agencies, human services, etc. For MPhil graduates who don't wish to work in the workforce, there is also the option of pursuing a PhD to expand their research opportunities.

In most cases, you can pursue a Ph.D. after completing your Master's and MPhil, though in certain cases such as in the USA,  a research degree can be taken up right after your bachelor's degree.  

Yes, usually you can follow up your MPhil with a PhD degree. 

The M.Phil programme duration is two years, whereas the duration of the Ph.D. programme can be anywhere between 3 to 6 years. 

An MPhil is the most advanced research degree before Ph. D. and is done after a master's degree.

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PhD in Psychology Course, Admissions, Eligibility, Syllabus, Fees, Career

Ph.D. in psychology is a doctoral degree program generally completed in an ideal time of three years or more. Ph.D. Psychology is a degree that deals with the clinical psychology of humans or different species and explores the treatments and methods available. Graduates with a master’s degree in psychology from a recognised institute are eligible to pursue Ph.D. in psychology. The average salary of a Psychologist is Rs. 3.7 LPA.

Latest: Top Ph.d Colleges in India

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Highlights - Ph.D. in psychology

Eligibility criteria for ph.d. in psychology, admission process of ph.d in psychology, top entrance exams for ph.d in psychology, ph.d in psychology cutoff, ph.d in psychology skills required, syllabus of ph.d psychology, ph.d in psychology fee structure, scope of ph.d in psychology, career options after completing ph.d in psychology, benefits of studying ph.d in psychology, salary after ph.d in psychology, top ph.d psychology colleges in india with fees, top private ph.d psychology colleges in india with fees, top government ph.d. psychology colleges in india with fees.

To pursue a Ph.D. in a psychology course, students are required to complete their undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in psychology. Some of the popular bachelor’s choices include B.Com , BA, B.Sc, BBA, and, in the case of master's, M.Com, MBA , and more such similar courses.

Students must fulfil the eligibility requirements of the course before applying for admissions, they must have completed a Bachelor’s degree in a related discipline from a recognised university. They must also clear relevant entrance exams such as UGC NET with a valid aggregate score.

Many private and public institutes offer Ph.D Psychology courses, popular colleges are Akal College of Arts and Social Sciences, Anugraha Institute of Social Sciences, and Government Arts College. The average course fees of a Ph.D. in Psychology range from Rs. 59,550 to Rs. 3.65 Lakhs.

The eligibility criteria for Ph.D. in psychology courses is the minimum qualification that must be obtained by the students in order to be eligible for admission. Candidates are required to fulfil all the eligibility requirements else they are disqualified from the admission process. Mentioned below are the eligibility criteria of

• Applicants for Ph.D. in psychology are required to complete their postgraduate studies in psychology or a related field.
• Prospective candidates are required to appear in the entrance examination such as UGC NET.
• Prospective candidates who qualify for the entrance examination are required to fill out the application form.

The admission process for Ph.D. in psychology courses is more or less the same for every institute offering this degree. The admission is entrance-based and national-level counselling is conducted to confirm the admission. Some of the important admission steps for a Ph.D. in psychology are discussed below:

• Candidates are required to make sure they meet all the eligibility criteria specified by the university.
• They are then required to take the entrance examination and clear the exam with a cutoff estimated.
• After the result of the entrance exam, students are required to fill out the application form providing all personal and academic details.
• Selected students are invited to participate in group discussions and personal interviews.
• Applicants who successfully clear all the rounds are offered admission.

Admission to PhD in psychology courses is offered on the basis of national-level entrance exams for most universities. Some of the popular entrance examinations for admission to PhD in psychology are mentioned below:

UGC NET : UGC NET or University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test is a national-level entrance exam conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA). The mode of the exam is online, and the exam is conducted two times in a year. Candidates can check the relevant exam details mentioned in the table below:

• UGC NET Admit Card
• UGC NET Syllabus
• UGC NET Exam Pattern
• UGC NET Result
• UGC NET Cutoff
• UGC NET Preparation Tips
• UGC NET Eligibility
• UGC NET Application

The cutoff for a Ph.D. in psychology can be defined as the minimum score for any entrance exam that has to be scored by the students for admission to their choice of university and course. The cutoff for Ph.D in Psychology is released by many institutes all over India after the completion of the admission process.

Ph.D. in psychology candidates are required to possess a lot of skills that are not only necessary but also help them become better at their job. A Ph.D student is involved in research and analysis for a long duration and is required to possess certain skills that help them excel in their career.

• Managerial Skills
• Observation Skills
• Time Management
• Analytical and Critical Thinking
• Leadership Skills
• Decision Making

The syllabus for PhD in psychology is quite subjective since there are various sub-disciplines available for research. Students choose their optional subjects and area of research as per their interest in the topic. In the following table, we have listed the syllabus of MDU Rohtak for their Ph.D Psychology course.

* The examination will be based on the Report and Viva

The fee structure for Ph.D. in psychology courses is subjective and depends from university to university. Some universities charge less fees due to external funding from government or private companies. However, a rough estimate of the average fee structure for Ph.D. in psychology courses ranges between Rs. 59,550 to Rs. 3.65 Lakhs.

The scope of PhD in psychology is quite huge in the medical sector and the degree helps students develop a comprehensive approach to human psychology and mental health. Apart from working as a medical professional, graduates with a Ph.D. in psychology can also join schools and universities to work as a counsellor to students.

Ph.D. in psychology is a degree with a plethora of career opportunities in terms of further education as well as job options. After completing a Ph.D. in psychology, candidates can start working as a scientist or research analyst in a research firm.

Candidates can also choose to work as medical psychologists and have their clinics. Another option is to pursue higher education such as a postdoctoral degree. Graduates with Ph.D. in psychology can also start working as a counsellor in schools and colleges.

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Ph.D. in psychology is one of the most sought-after degree programs in the field of medical and healthcare systems. After completing their Ph.D. in psychology, candidates have the option to either start their medical facility or work as a counsellor in schools, universities, and NGOs.

The salary after completing a Ph.D. in psychology is variable and depends on the skills, knowledge, and job profiles of a candidate. On average, the salary after completing the Ph.D Psychology course is Rs. 3.7 LPA for a Psychologist. After gaining some experience in the field of Psychology, the salary of the graduates will also increase.

Many institutes offer PhD Psychology courses, the admission is based on either an entrance exam or direct admission. Candidates must follow the admission procedure carefully and meet certain eligibility requirements before applying for the admission. Mentioned below are the top colleges in India offering Ph.D Psychology courses.

Several private institutes offer Ph.D Psychology courses, admission to these institutes is based either on the entrance exam or direct admission based on merit score. Private institutes are slightly more expensive than government institutes, but these colleges are known to provide quality education along with state-of-the-art facilities.

Many government institutes in India offer Ph.D. in Psychology degree programmes, students must have a postgraduate degree in psychology or a related discipline to be eligible for admissions. Government institutes offer the courses at slightly cheaper rates than private colleges offering the same course.

Ph.D Psychology is a doctoral course in the field of Psychology, the course provide in-depth information to the students on the practical as well as the theoretical aspects of Psychology. Candidates interested in pursuing the course are advised to meet the eligibility criteria before applying for the admission procedure.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

PhD in Psychology is a degree which deals with the clinical psychology of humans or different species.

PhD in psychology is a doctoral degree programme generally completed in an ideal time of 3 years or more depending on the individual.

Graduates from a master’s degree in psychology from a recognised institute are eligible to pursue PhD in psychology.

The admission is entrance based and national level counselling is conducted to confirm the admission.

For a rough estimate of the average fee structure in PhD in psychology courses, it must be between Rs. 59,550 to Rs. 3.65 Lakhs for the entire course.

On average, the average salary of a Psychologist in India is Rs. 3.7 LPA.

Scientist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Research associate are some of the popular job profiles after completing a PhD in psychology.

AajiCare Home Health Services Pvt. Ltd, Inception rehab, Zeeboombaa Manpower, Sahayam, Varta Health are some of the top recruiters of PhD in psychology graduates.

The scope of PhD in psychology is quite huge in the medical sector. There are ample job opportunities available for candidates after completion of PhD in psychology.

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List of Ph.D colleges

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Questions related to Ph.D

There are many universities which offer PhD program in English. The duration of this program may be between 4-6 years depending on the scholar; if he/she is full time PhD scholar or part time. The fees may range from Rs 10000- Rs Rs 1 lakh.

Some of universities which offer PhD in English are listed below:

• Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
• Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
• Jadavpur University, Kolkata
• Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
• Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore
• Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Hope you will find this information helpful. Best wishes ahead!

A PhD in Construction Law provides a deep understanding of legal and construction industry issues, leading to careers in academia, legal practice, consultancy, and policy-making.

Career Opportunities:

Academic positions.

Legal practice in construction law firms.

Consultancy.

Policy-making in government or regulatory bodies.

Hope this helps you,

Hello Chetan

Top universities offering phD in geology are mentioned here

Aligarh muslim university

Banaras Hindu university

• University of Delhi

Amity university , Noida

Panjab university , Chandigarh

Alagappan university , Andhra Pradesh

IISER , Kolkata

Indian Institute of science education and research , Behrampur

Indian Institute of science education and research, pune , maharshtra

Guahati university

Patna university

IIT Roorkee

For detsils kindly visit the link given below

https://university.careers360.com/colleges/list-of-phd-in-geology-universities-in-india

In most universities, selecting a PhD supervisor or guide is a crucial step during the application process or shortly after being accepted. You need to find a faculty member whose research interests align with your own and who is willing to mentor you throughout your PhD journey. Even if not strictly mandatory during registration, it is highly recommended to start researching potential PhD supervisors well before applying. Reaching out to faculty members whose work interests you demonstrates your initiative and allows you to discuss potential research fit. https://www.careers360.com/phd-full-form I hope it helps !

These are some of best universities where you can do your PhD:

• Jawaharlal Nehru University
• Banaras Hindu University
• Jamia Milia Islamia
• Tezpur University
• Aligarh Muslim University
• Assam University
• Visva Bharati University
• University of Hyderabad
• North-Eastern Hill University

Hope this information will help you. Thank you.

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Certifications

We Appeared in

When the PhD path leads to career struggles

A doctoral degree is a major commitment. Think carefully.

I appreciated reading Kara Miller’s The Big Idea column “PhD: Pretty heavily disappointed” (Business, May 22), about people with doctoral degrees struggling to build careers in academia. It made me think back to a conversation I had when I was about to graduate from high school.

I happened to run into a former track coach of mine, and as we were reminiscing he asked me what I planned as a major in college. “History,” I responded. He said, “Why don’t you take some computer classes also? It never hurts to be able to do something useful.”

I did not reflect on his motivation at the time, but my track coach was a young guy, and he was probably giving me advice straight from his own life, as a parent trying to raise his own young children. I did take computer classes in college and ultimately received a PhD in chemical engineering. I always remember that conversation as being a kind of turning point.

Earning a doctoral degree is a life commitment of great proportion. It can take, as Miller notes, between four and seven years. If we think of working life as roughly between the ages of 22 and 65, then a PhD requires more than 10 percent of a person’s working life. People need to think carefully about that investment.

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Two powerful arguments in favor of the path of science, technology, engineering, and math are that there tend to be more STEM jobs for PhDs, and many universities’ STEM departments are generous in covering their PhD students’ tuition and cost of studies, including a stipend toward food, rent, and other expenses.

Stuart Gallant

Not much has changed in 30 years

As I prepared to graduate in 1995 with a doctor of education degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, my mother memorably said to me, “Of my four children, you are the one with the most education and the smallest salary.” Apparently not much has changed in 30 years.

I must congratulate these students, however, on following their passion rather than following the money. I can’t help but think that their lives, though stressful, may contain greater happiness.

Peggy Clark

Lawyers & electricians & philosophers, oh my!

Kara Miller’s column on the career challenges for people with doctoral degrees generated more than 260 comments on Boston.Globe.com. The following is an edited sample of readers’ reactions:

Lots of law school grads are underemployed as well. (PL)

So true, PL. The market in Massachusetts is flooded with talented lawyers seeking work. (Roforma)

Supply and demand, the market at work. (guk)

Investing in education and research in all fields is the hallmark of a society with staying power. Disinvesting from these endeavors signals decline and decay. (Massachusetts citizen)

Electricians, plumbers, mechanics, and other skilled technical professions have no problems getting $100k jobs with great benefits. (ramsen)

Not enough turnover from tenured professors, leaving little space for new faculty. Although the tenured, well-established professors are needed, it’s the junior faculty who are hungry and with new ideas that help build new programs. The whole graduate program model is a bad model. I worked two jobs, had my tuition and some type of minimal student health insurance and could barely cover the rent with my stipend, and the second job paid for everything else. Though I was working on many faculty projects, it was the faculty who said this would be good for me. Never did they say it was also good for them. (TravelerofNJ2)

I just retired from a tenured faculty position in science. I’m in my early 70s. I have colleagues who are still doing what they do well into their 70s, a couple approaching 80. There is no active incentive from the university to move the older faculty on, to make way for a new generation. (Lola-lola)

The next step is for adjuncts to go on strike across the nation and hold colleges and universities accountable. The current system is completely absurd. (Wordsmith2358)

Universities should be required to release disclosure data about the fate of their PhD graduates. (davidman820)

I knew an attorney who managed a Cheesecake Factory. She had worked in food services through school. As an attorney, she really did not make that much money and was not doing the field of law of her choice. How many real estate closings can you do without dying of boredom? She went into management in the food industry and makes the same salary. (Antietem)

It was always a question and puzzling to me why people study philosophy. (Blazer27)

Globe Opinion