diploma thesis names

Master's Thesis Formatting Standards

Template To simplify the process of formatting your master's thesis, we provide you this preformatted template that conforms to many of the specifications outlined below. When you download this template, it will open an untitled Word document that you can use to write your master's thesis. Be aware that copying and pasting text from other locations can bring in formatting along with the text. It is best to use the text-only function if pasting is necessary or to copy and paste material into Notepad or TextEdit before copying and pasting into Word. While this template is designed to assist you with formatting your thesis, you are ultimately responsible for ensuring the conformity of your work to these formatting standards. General Formatting For general formatting requirements (e.g., typeface, font size, spacing, references, etc.), consult the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (henceforth, APA). What follows are institutional guidelines that clarify, specify, or amend the formatting guidelines in the APA manual.

Page Layout and Spacing Pages should be 8 ½ by 11 inches. Margins at the top and bottom must be 1”. The left and right margins must be 1.5” to allow for binding (this allows for binding double-sided pages). 

While former editions of APA allowed for double spacing between sentences, the latest edition of APA has abandoned this practice (6.1 Spacing After Punctuation Marks, p. 154) and a single space after punctuation marks at the end of sentences should appear in all drafts of a master's thesis. Page Numbering Center all page numbers below the bottom margin, 0.7 inch from the bottom of the page. The number stands alone without “page” or any phrase or punctuation. Every page in your paper except the Copyright page will be counted in page numbering, however, not every page will show a number. The title page counts as the first preliminary page, but it does not display a number. Preliminary pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals (e.g. i, ii, iii, iv). The first page of the body of the text uses Arabic numerals and restarts the numbering. See the chart in the section below for more specific details about page numbering. Arrangement The chart below shows (1) the proper order pages and sections, (2) whether these pages/sections are required, (3) whether they are counted in the page count, and (4) whether the page number should appear or not and with what kind of numeral.

Copyright Page Students must agree to the Copyright License when submitting their final draft to Proquest Dissertation and Theses. Since the thesis is submitted in satisfaction of a part of Master’s degree and the act of depositing these materials in the College Archives indicates a willingness by student authors to share their work with the Rhodes community and with the general public, the College Archivist will permit public access to it. Signing this form does not prevent you from further publication of your work. The copyright page should include the word “Copyright,” followed by the copyright symbol ©, followed by the anticipated year of graduation, followed by the author’s full legal name (no initials). Below this line, the copyright notice should appear single-spaced and read, “All rights reserved. Rhodes College has been granted permission to copy, publish, post and or disseminate this document in any form by any means at the sole discretion of the College, including without limitation, for purposes of preservation or instruction.” Title Page The top of the first line of the title appears 2 inches from the top of the page. APA recommends titles be "focused and succinct." See further guidelines at 2.4 Title (pp. 31-32). If multiple lines are used, arrange the lines in inverted pyramid form (that is, each line shorter than the one above it). If the title contains both a main title and a subtitle, then the main title may appear on a separate line or lines from the subtitle, even if this means not using the inverted pyramid form.   The following items of information should be evenly spread out over the remainder of the title page:

2. Name as it appears in official College records

3. Educational Studies

Rhodes College

Memphis, Tennessee

4. Year of Graduation

5. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Master of Arts in Urban Education

Committee Approval Page The words “Committee Approval” (in Title Case) appears centered 2 inches from the top of the page. On the second single-spaced line below the heading, type your thesis title as it appears on the title page. On the fourth single-spaced line below your title, print your full name (do not include the word “by”). On the fourth single-spaced line below your name, include “Read and approved by:” left justified. On the fourth single-spaced line below this, include a 3.5-inch solid line, indented 0.7 inch. On the next single-spaced line indent 0.7 inch and type the title and formal name of the of your thesis committee followed by the parentheses “(Chair)”. On the fourth single-spaced line below the name of the chair or faculty supervisor, include another 3.5-inch solid line, indented 0.7 inch. On the next single-spaced line indent 0.7 inch and type the title and formal name of the second reader of your thesis committee (no parenthetical designation follows this name). Repeat the previous instructions for the third member of your committee. On the fourth line below the name of the last reader, type the word “Date” left justified followed by a 2.5-inch solid line. Consult the College’s website for the formal name of the members of your thesis committee and include the highest earned degree after the formal name.

If one of your committee members does not have a professional title (i.e. Dr.), use either Mx., Ms., Mr., or an alternative title of their choosing. Abstract The abstract, a brief summary of your work, should be 150-250 words and double-spaced. For advice about crafting your abstract, consult APA 2.9 Abstract (p. 38). The word “Abstract” appears centered 2 inches from the top of the page. On the second single-spaced line below the heading, type your thesis title as it appears on the title page. On the fourth single-spaced line below your title, print your full name (do not include the word “by”). On the fourth single-spaced line below your name, begin your thesis abstract. Table of Contents The heading “Table of Contents” (in Title Case) appears 2 inches from the top of the page. On the third line below the heading, the table of contents (TOC) should appear. Use double-spacing for the contents of the table that follow.  The entries correspond to all headings, either of pages or body sections) that follow the TOC. If the heading is too long for one line, subdivide the entry and single-space. First-level entries should appear left-justified with no indentation. Each deeper level in the TOC should indent 0.25 inches (e.g., level 2 is indented 0.25 inch, level 3 is indented 0.5 inch). Include all levels of headings (e.g., second-level, third-level, etc.) unless doing so would lengthen the table to more than two pages. In such cases, limit the table of contents to first- and second-level headings or to first-level headings, whatever produces a sufficiently detailed table without excessive length. Leaders from an entry to its page number should be arranged using periods (not dashes, solid lines, or other characters). Page numbers are justified to the right margin; the last number of each page reference should line up vertically.  Manually break long, multi-line entries in the table to allow at least half an inch of space between any portion of the text of the entry and the page number. Each page in the TOC is numbered with lower case Roman numerals centered at the bottom of each page beginning with iv (pages i-iii are the three previous pages which are counted but not numbered). List in Preliminary Pages The style guidelines for a list of tables or figures follow the same style guidelines for the Table of Contents (above). Choose the title (e.g., “List of Tables”) that best describes the type of data display you are documenting. Ideally, you would have no more than two lists, one of tables and one of figures. However, use the categories and the number of lists that make the most sense for your particular project. For all other formatting related guidelines, see APA chapter 7 Tables and Figures (pp. 195-250). Acknowledgments The acknowledgments section is a place to acknowledge the influence, assistance, or support of individuals or organizations throughout the course of your education and/or particularly during the course of your thesis work. As a place for personal reflection, it should not include any argumentation of or discussion about your thesis. The heading “Preface” appears 2 inches from the top of the page. The preface begins on the fourth line below the heading.  Main Text Follow the general guidelines for formatting the body of text according to the instructions in APA, particularly those instructions in chapter 2, Paper Elements and Format (pp. 29-67). While APA discourages a first-level "Introduction" heading at the head of the body of your main text, such a heading is actually useful for the table of contents (especially one with hyperlinks for ease of navigation, like our template produces). You can disregard APA's instructions here. Alternatively, you could use a different label than the word "Introduction" as the initial heading of your paper. Footnotes appear infrequently in APA style. If footnotes are necessary, consult section 2.13 Footnotes (pp. 40-41). Begin using Arabic numerals for the pagination of the body of text, beginning with 1. Continue this sequence of Arabic numbering through the remainder of the paper, including appendices and references. Appendices The heading “Appendix” appears 2 inches from the top of the page. The preface begins on the fourth line below the heading. For all other formatting-related matters, consult APA 2.14 Appendices and  2.15 Supplemental Materials (pp. 41-43). References The references section contains every work cited in the thesis and only those works that are cited. The heading “References” appears 2 inches from the top of the page. The preface begins on the fourth line below the heading. Use a 0.5-inch hanging indent for entries. For all other formatting-related matters, consult APA 2.12 References (pp. 39-40) and chapters 9 and 10.

A Short Guide for writing your Thesis at the Research Unit of Law

Are you interested in writing a diploma thesis at the Research Unit of Law?

Step 1: Contact your Prospective Supervisor

Do you have a thought-through proposal for a thesis topic?

Get in touch with the lecturer at the Research Unit of Law whose main research interests coincide with the intended topic of your thesis.

When you first contact your prospective supervisor, you should attach a tentative abstract and a provisional table of contents of your thesis proposal. It should include:

• The aim of the work;
• A research question;
• Your chosen methodology;
• An abstract (max. 1 page);
• A provisional table of contents / rough structure; and
• An indicative bibliography (literature, legal sources, etc.).

As soon as you have agreed on a topic with your supervisor, please fill in the corresponding form in TISS , opens an external URL in a new window .

Step 2: Determine a Research Question and Structure

Your prospective supervisor and you will have to agree on a research question and structure. You will then be expected to submit an abstract ( exposé ) to your supervisor for final approval.

Step 3: Writing your Thesis

A) general specifications.

In quantitative terms your thesis should roughly comply with the following:

Please use:

• A legible font (Times New Roman, Arial, Calibri etc.);
• Font size 12 pts for the body text (for the footnotes: 10 pts);
• Line spacing: 1.5.

Please precede the body text with a table of contents and a list of abbreviations.

The sources used (literature, legal sources, internet sources, etc.) must be listed at the end of your thesis.

Depending on what has been agreed with your supervisor, individual sections of the thesis can be submitted for inspection in advance and, if necessary, discussed before the entire thesis is submitted.

In the case of electronic submission, attention must also be paid to the naming of the file. Avoid spaces in the file name and please adhere to the following naming rule: <Diploma-title>_<Name>_<Description>_<Date  yymmdd>.<Extension> E.g.:

• BA_Mueller_Abstract_200301.docx
• MA_Berger_Final_220726.pdf

b) Citation Style

Lawyers usually work with footnotes. In Austria, quotations are made according to the specifications of Legcit , opens an external URL in a new window or AZR , opens an external URL in a new window . Both of these compilations of legal citation rules are available in the library of the FoB Law and can be viewed there.

You can also choose another common and familiar citation style. Above all, it is important that you quote completely and consistently! ATTENTION: Special citation rules apply to legal sources!

A distinction must be made in particular between those for legal provisions , opens an external URL in a new window and court decisions , opens an external URL in a new window . These are to be followed regardless of the selected citation style.

c) Plagiarism Check

In this context, please note the guidelines , opens an external URL in a new window (in German) for dealing with plagiarism in student theses at the TU Wien.

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• A Short Guide for writing your Thesis

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Diploma format

Master of Science:   The diploma for a degree with specification reads as in the following example:

“Massachusetts Institute of Technology upon the recommendation of the faculty hereby confers on (name) the degree of Master of Science in (department name) in recognition of proficiency in the general and the special studies and exercises prescribed by said Institute for such Degree given this day under the Seal of the Institute at Cambridge in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts”

The same language is used for the Master of Architecture, Master of Business Administration, Master in City Planning, Master of Finance, Master of Business Analytics, Master of Applied Science, and Master of Engineering degrees.

The diploma for a degree without specification reads as in the following example:

“Massachusetts Institute of Technology upon the recommendation of the faculty hereby confers on (name) the degree of Master of Science in recognition of proficiency in the general and the special studies and exercises prescribed by said Institute for such Degree given this day under the Seal of the Institute at Cambridge in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts”

Engineer:  The diploma for an Engineer’s degree reads as in the following example:

“Massachusetts Institute of Technology upon the recommendation of the faculty hereby confers on (name) the degree of (name) Engineer in recognition of proficiency in the general and the special studies and exercises prescribed by said Institute for such Degree given this day under the Seal of the Institute at Cambridge in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts”

Doctor of Philosophy:  The diploma for a Doctor of Philosophy degree reads as in the following example:

“Massachusetts Institute of Technology upon the recommendation of the faculty hereby confers on (name) the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in recognition of scientific attainments and the ability to carry on original research as demonstrated by a thesis in the field of (name) given this day under the Seal of the Institute at Cambridge in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts”

The same language is used for the Doctor of Science degree.

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The essentials of a thesis

The thesis should have a title page according to the established template and an abstract of the thesis (max. 1000 characters) and keywords (min. 3).

A paper written in a language other than Polish should additionally include a second title page in Polish, as well as an abstract of the paper and key words.

Prepare your work in 5 steps:

Step 1 - Start the process

Step 2 - submission of work.

• Step 3 - Completing the Cir culation

Step 4 - Defense

Step 5 - complete the paperwork after the defense.

The following points should be done after the work is approved by the supervisor.

In order to start the process, you need to:

• Print and bind the work - one copy for the entire group;
• One CD from each co-author of the work - for the Student's office,
• One additional CD - for the library.
• download, print and sign the statement on independent writing of the paper (link ) - one copy from each author.
• submit a general application to the Dean of the Faculty via podania.pja.edu.pl with a request to be able to approach the defense of the thesis without the diploma exam (only students who are not likely to graduate, and wrote a group thesis). The justification is that the thesis was written in a group.

At this stage, the thesis information entered by the Supervisor should exist in the GAKKO system (gakko.pja.edu.pl ). In this step, the student is required to provide additional information to the Supervisor, who, after verification, completes it in the GAKKO system:

• The individual contribution of each author to the various elements of the work (including individual chapters in the documentation of the thesis project);
• area completed scientific research (if applicable);
• Name of the Reviewer of the work.

The student completes the following information on his own:

• granting or not granting permission to post the thesis in the Thesis Repository
• original in Polish + 2 copies in Polish or
• original in Polish + copy in Polish + copy in English

You can send a set of physical documents listed in Step 1 by mail or make an appointment to deliver them to the Student's Office or the Library (just make an appointment with one department, the documents will be forwarded accordingly):

• the library receives a bound thesis and one CD to check the thesis for plagiarism. The Uniform Anti-Plagiarism System guarantees verification of the thesis within a maximum of 7 days from the date of entering the thesis into the system. The result of the verification from the "probability report" (factor No. 2) will be entered in the "Application for admission to the thesis defense", the so-called "circulator" (see Step 3).
• Students' Office receives the remaining CDs and statements signed by the authors of the work.

To formally complete Step 2, the Supervisor must accept the verification result from the JSA, entered into the GAKKO system by a library employee.

Completion of Step 2 is tantamount to the submission of the thesis by the deadline set by the Dean of the Faculty in the Order on Diploma Examinations.

Step 3 - Completing the Circulation

A request to create a circulator should be submitted to the Student's office/secretariat - by email (preferred option) or by phone only after all of the following requirements have been met together:

• obtaining a discharge or obtaining a positive decision on the application for admission to the defense of the thesis itself (submitted in Step 1).
• obtaining acceptance of the plagiarism result by the supervisor in the GAKKO system.

The graduation slip will be made available in the GAKKO system (link ). It is in the student's interest to make sure that the circulator is completed by:

• Accounting, (not applicable to non-degree students),
• Supervisor and Reviewer (the introduction of the Supervisor's and Reviewer's opinions is equivalent to their "signing" of the circulator),
• Students' Office (Only after all other signatures have been obtained).

Obtaining a set of signatures formally completes the process of preparing for defense.

The description of this step does not apply to remote defenses

On the day of the defense, no later than half an hour before the defense - during the Student's office hours:

• The chairman/member of the Commission collects a set of documents from the Student's office for the examination committee.
• Students go to the designated room and wait to be invited to the exam.

Information about the prepared diploma (and/or a copy in English) will appear on the student's profile, after logging into GAKKO under Students' Office/Course of study/documents (available for graduates of the academic year 2016/2017 and later).

In order to obtain an additional copy (no more than 3 pieces) in English, it is necessary to submit to the application system within 30 days from the date of defense:

• The application for translation of the thesis topic must be completed by the Supervisor at the stage of entering the thesis into the GAKKO system. If the topic is incorrect, an appendix signed by the Supervisor regarding the translation of the thesis topic must be added to the application).
• Proof of payment of PLN 40 per set.

Due to the introduction of new diploma prints, diploma photos are not required from the 2020/2021 summer semester defenses.

When picking up your diploma, please have your ID card ready for return.

PJAIT Interior Design Interior design project designed by a student of Interior Design

Conferences

“How to Write a Diploma Thesis” – Open Lecture

• March 31, 2022

The goal of this lecture was to clarify, simplify, and promote excellence in the writing and presentation of Bachelor’s and Master’s theses. Preparing a Diploma Thesis is the last essential step in a student’s academic career. Dr. Enriko Ceko guided participants through each stage of the process, from developing an idea to acquiring information, hypotheses creation, thesis writing, reviewing, revising, and printing the diploma thesis. Students interacted with one another throughout the session, and it was fascinating to hear about their creative thinking and practical skills developed during their studies, as well as how they applied their academic knowledge. We are thankful to Dr. Enriko Ceko, a respected CIT professor, for sharing his expertise and passion for education with the next generation!

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All students are required to complete a Diploma Thesis, which includes a substantial amount of work and a final written report on a well–defined project related to the scientific subjects of the ECE School. The diploma thesis is completed under the supervision of an (acting or emeritus or retired) professor of the School and monitored by a three-member thesis committee that comprises the supervisor plus two professors of the School. On a case-by-case basis, if the subject of the work requires it, up to one of the three committee members can be a Laboratory Teaching Staff member of the ECE School or an external scientist (indicatively, professor or designated assistant professor or designated lecturer or researcher of a recognized academic or research institution in Greece or abroad or industry executive), as long as he holds a Doctorate Degree. The thesis title, supervisor, and committee are assigned by the Assembly, upon an application by the student, provided that the proposed supervising professor has agreed. The thesis is usually assigned during the last two semesters studies (9th and 10th).

Thesis Assignment

For the Diploma Thesis assignment, the Assembly of the School has established a three-member Diploma Thesis Assignment Committee, which has the control and responsibility for uniform distribution of Diploma Theses among the professors of the School. The Committee comprises faculty members from different scientific areas and has a two-year term. At present, as decided by the 8th/22-06-2023 meeting of the Dean's Office of the School, the Committee consists of Prof. K. Gyftakis, A. Dollas, and G. Chalkiadakis and its term ends on June 22, 2025.

The Committee mainly focuses on the cases of students that are unable to identify a Diploma Thesis topic in direct consultation with professors of the School. Moreover, after the approval of the thesis title and supervisor by the Assembly, the Committee will regularly update the data base of the (instant and aggregate) thesis supervision load of the faculty members, in an effort to attain uniform distribution of Diploma Theses among the professors of the School.

Diploma Theses topics that are mutually agreed upon by the students and professors do not require approval by the Committee; the applications are submitted throughout the academic year. That is, the student who agrees on a Diploma Thesis with a professor submits an application for Diploma Thesis title, supervisor, and three-member committee approval by the Assembly.

For students who a) have not been assigned a Diploma Thesis topic and b) on August 25 of the academic year owe a maximum of five (5) courses for the completion of the study program, the following procedure applies.

• Students who wish to be assigned a Diploma Thesis topic must send, between Aug. 25 and Sept. 15, to the Committee a request for Diploma Thesis assignment.
• The Committee takes into account the total number of applications and the Diploma Theses load of professors and asks professors (who have room to supervise) to determine a certain number of proposed topics. Instead of a specific topic, the professor may provide a broader scientific area and the topic may be specified along the way. The list of subjects or scientific areas is communicated to students at the end of the September examination period (early October).
• A period of one month is provided (specifically, Oct. 15 - Nov. 15) during which interested students are invited to contact the professors who have proposed topics to discuss and be informed about the requirements of each topic. If during the discussions there is an agreement between the student and the professor, then the student submits an application to the Assembly for Diploma Thesis title, supervisor, and three-member committee assignment.
• For students who have not decided on a topic in the above period, a period of 2 weeks (specifically, Nov. 15 - Nov. 30) is provided during which they send to the Committee a list of 3 preferred topics from the available proposed ones and their transcript.
• At the end of November the Committee examines the preferences of the students and their performance in the courses and assigns them to the professors in the best possible way. Then, the student submits an application to the Assembly for Diploma Thesis title, supervisor, and three-member committee assignment. For students who were not assigned a topic from their preferences as well as for students who did not submit a list of preferred topics, the Diploma Thesis topic will be assigned based on their academic performance, the courses in which they have the highest grades, and the availability of professors, provided that they owe a maximum of one (1) compulsory and a maximum of two (2) electives compulsory courses for the completion of the study program.

Thesis Completion

Following its completion, the Diploma Thesis is presented to open audience and is graded by the three-member Diploma Thesis committee. The presentation of a Diploma Thesis can be done anytime throughout the academic year. In all cases, the Diploma Thesis presentation must take place within twenty (20) days from the end of an examination period, to receive a diploma degree in the graduation that follows that examination period. The exact date, time, and place of the presentation and the examination are determined in cooperation with the members of the three-member Diploma Thesis committee that grades the work and are publicly announced together with the title and summary of the work to all members of the Technical University of Crete.

The presentation and examination of the thesis is allowed only after completion of the student's obligations regarding the courses of the study program that are required to obtain a diploma and only after at least five (5) months from the thesis assignment by the Assembly.

If the duration of a Diplomatic Thesis exceeds one year, then, unless there is written notification to the Committee that the student and the supervisor agree on its extension, a specific date is set for its presentation and examination within one month. The student must present what he has done up to that day and is graded accordingly. For Diploma Theses that have been assigned by the Assembly before July 7, 2023, the one-year period starts from July 7, 2023.

Thesis Grade

Each diploma thesis is graded in the 0-10 scale by taking the average of the grades given by the three committee members to each of the following three criteria with the corresponding percentages: quality of technical content (50%), quality of written report (30%), and quality of oral presentation (20%).

In case of collaborative work among two or more students, which is allowed only following the approval of the School’s General Assembly, each student is graded separately for his/her contribution to the diploma thesis and his/her oral presentation.

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Instructions for the thesis preparation

Setting the text of the thesis.

• Binding and title page , REQUIRED
• Declaration , REQUIRED
• Resume and key words , REQUIRED

Introduction

Other chapters and subchapters of the thesis.

• Literature , REQUIRED

Binding and title page

• Masaryk University, Faculty of Informatics
• Diploma Thesis
• <Name from thesis assignment> (optional)
• <Student’s first name and family name>
• <Year of defence>

Declaration

Resume and keywords, requirements for the form, scale, typographic adjustment and linguistic quality.

• Robert Bringhurst. Elements of typographic style. Hartley & Marks, Vancouver, BC, 1992.
• Lyn Dupré. Bugs in Writing: A Guide to Debugging Your Prose. Addison Wesley, 2nd edition, 1998.
• Paul N. Edwards. How to give an academic talk, v4.0. School of Information, University of Michigan, 2010. http://pne.people.si.umich.edu/ PDF/howtotalk.pdf, cit. 4. 11. 2011.
• Justin Zobel. Writing for Computer Science. Springer, 2nd edition, 2004.

Responsible contact: Ing. Radka Brolíková

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When most people think about graduating from high school, they picture receiving a diploma after four years of study. But did you know there is more than one type of high school diploma? Some diplomas are much more common than others. The most common type, the standard high school diploma, requires students to earn credits in various subject areas, along with passing grades in all core courses. Another common type of diploma is the General Educational Development (GED) credential, which is earned by passing a series of tests covering four subjects: language arts, math, social studies, and science. While both credentials represent high school completion, there are some important differences between them.

Earning a high school diploma is an important milestone in a student’s journey that requires a lot of time, hard work, and dedication. This certificate acknowledges that the student has met the necessary requirements for graduation and creates a pathway for a student to start their career, pursue a college degree, or apply for trade school. There are several types of high school diplomas students may complete as a steppingstone in their academic journey.

General Diploma

The most common type of high school diploma is the general diploma. According to the National Center for Education Statistics , in the 2019–2020 school year, approximately 82% of high school graduates in the United States received a general diploma. This type of diploma indicates that a student has met the basic high school graduation requirements established by their state's department of education, including at least three years of science, math, history, and English along with electives of the student’s choice. In addition to these academic requirements, students must often pass standardized tests. Students are advised to complete community service hours, join a high school sports team, or participate in extracurricular activities to make themselves more competitive when applying for higher education programs. 

Honors Diploma

An honors diploma signifies that a student has performed exceptionally well in their classes. Besides the requirements of the general diploma, honors students have taken and passed advanced placement (AP) courses. The specific diploma requirements for an honors student can differ in each state but generally include taking a foreign language and completing four years of the other core subjects while maintaining an excellent grade point average (GPA). An honors diploma is a particularly valuable asset when applying to colleges or for scholarships, as it highlights a student's academic achievements and commitment to challenging academic studies. To earn this type of diploma, students may need to complete additional, advanced courses, as well as extracurricular activities or a senior project. In turn, students can set themselves apart when looking to take the next step in their academic career. 

Occupational Diploma

An occupational diploma is awarded to students who complete a specialized, career-focused program. Unlike a general diploma or an honors diploma, the occupational diploma is earned through a program that focuses on developing the skills that students need to enter the workforce. An occupational diploma is designed for students who are interested in pursuing a career in a specific field such as automotive technology, cosmetology, or culinary arts.

In addition to career-specific coursework, occupational diplomas require classes in English, math, science, and history. The courses are typically a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on training or internships to gain practical experience in their field. Many skilled trade jobs accept an occupational diploma as proof that the graduate has the skills to obtain an entry-level position in the field. This diploma is ideal for students who know what they want to do professionally because it allows them to enter the workforce right away, rather than needing to pursue a bachelor’s degree. 

Certificate of Attendance 

A certificate of attendance is a type of diploma earned by students who, due to a recognized disability, are unable to complete the standard program requirements to earn a general diploma. This type of diploma is commonly awarded to students in special education programs.

The requirements for earning a certificate of attendance vary from student to student and depend largely upon the student's level of functioning and academic abilities. While the prerequisites are different than a traditional high school diploma, this diploma is designed to recognize a student's academic achievements and provide a credential that can be used to apply for jobs or further education. While a certificate of attendance may not be as common or well recognized as a traditional high school diploma, it is still an important signifier of a student's hard work and dedication. 

What Is a General Education Development Credential (GED)?

A  General Education Development Credential (GED) is a certificate earned by people who didn’t complete high school. To earn a GED, students must take a course and pass a state-approved exam that covers language arts, math, social studies, and science. The GED exam assesses the person's knowledge and skills in these areas and determines whether they possess the same level of knowledge as someone who completed a traditional high school program. Each section of the GED test costs $37.50, and the whole test is $150.

The GED certificate is considered equivalent to a high school diploma by most employers, colleges, and universities and can be used to apply for entry-level jobs and college programs. In the U.S., the GED is offered in both English and Spanish. It’s also available in other formats such as large print, audio, and braille, making the GED accessible to a wide range of individuals. Many colleges and universities require GED graduates to take the SAT or ACT college entrance exam to determine their college readiness level. In fact, it is often even required.

Differences Between a GED and a Diploma

GED certificates and high school diplomas both signify that a student has met the necessary requirements and demonstrated adequate knowledge to pursue further education or a career in their chosen field.

A high school diploma is given to a student that attended and passed all the required classes in a traditional high school setting, which typically involves four years of coursework. A GED, on the other hand, shows that a student has passed four high school equivalency tests, demonstrating that they have the same aptitude for the core subjects as a traditional high school graduate. 

Despite these differences, the two credentials are very much alike in practice. Both allow students to join the workforce, launch a career, or attend college. 

One of the main differences between a traditional diploma and a GED is the time it takes to earn them. Traditional high school students must complete four years of school in order to graduate, while the GED is a seven-hour test that most can prep for in less than a year. This makes the GED a popular, accessible option for people who did not complete high school but want the same career opportunities as a high school graduate. 

After High School

Upon earning a high school diploma or GED, students have a variety of promising opportunities. Many students will go on to pursue further education or begin their careers. There are countless degree programs at many different types of schools, traditional four-year colleges, community colleges, vocational schools, and online universities. By pursuing further education, individuals can gain the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in their career path, achieve their personal and professional goals, and earn a competitive salary.

One option for individuals who have earned their high school diploma or GED is to seek a college degree at WGU. WGU offers a wide range of degrees in business , education , healthcare , and IT . Each WGU degree program is designed with input from industry experts to be affordable, flexible, and entirely online, making it an ideal choice for individuals who want to earn a bachelor’s or master’s degree while working or taking care of other responsibilities.  

Higher education is a valuable investment in your future, and a WGU degree will equip you with the essential skills and knowledge needed to succeed in today's competitive job market.

Ready to Start Your Journey?

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Extended deadline for the 2023 ees best diploma work / master thesis award.

by Sharon Scotcher | Dec 17, 2023 | Tenders

Date/Time Date(s) - 17/12/2023 0:00

EES 2023 best diploma work / master thesis award

Showcase your evaluation research to the world.

The European Evaluation Society is now accepting applications for the 2023 Best Diploma Work / Master Thesis Award. This prestigious award recognizes outstanding research on evaluation conducted by students at European higher education institutions.

Are you a student who has completed a diploma work or master’s thesis on evaluation?

If so, we encourage you to apply for this award! The deadline to apply has been extended to December 17, 2023.

About the Award

The EES best diploma work / master theses award is awarded bi-annually [1]. The competition is intended for applicants who have completed a diploma work / master theses on evaluations at any of the European higher education institutions.

A jury will select the award winners based on the eligibility (list 1) and evaluation criteria (list 2) as found in the award description document here .

If you want to apply, submit your application before the 17th of December 2023 per e-mail to the EES Secretariat at [email protected] . The application must contain the following information and documents:

• Name of the diploma thesis;
• Name of the author;
• Names of the supervisor(s) and the opponent(s)/ external examiners;
• Name of the university, research institute, or a higher education institution where was the diploma thesis supervised and needs to be based in Europe[2];
• The student submits the diploma thesis in the language of origin (pdf);
• An abstract of the work between 800 and 1,100 words in English. We recommend the following structure of the abstract: a) Background of the work, b) Question(s) to be answered, c) Data and methods, d) Results, e) Relevance of the work for the evaluation community.

The first place : two-year membership in the EES and free EES conference attendance (the winner will be informed immediately after the decision to be able to arrange her/his travel) The second place : two-year membership in the EES The third place : one-year membership in the EES

The jury reserves the right not to award a prize if none of the submitted diploma theses meets the eligibility criteria or achieves a very low score in evaluation criteria.

The chosen timing provides sufficient time for the individual phases of the appraisal process. It also allows the winners to organize their participation in the bi-annual EES conference. The exact dates will be adjusted according to the calendar to avoid deadlines during weekends.

• Extended Application deadline 17th December 2023
• Check of formal requirements 17th December 2023
• Invitation of two national reviewers 31st December 2023
• Diploma thesis sent to peer-reviewers 14th January 2024
• Peer-reviews delivered 14th February 2024
• Meeting of the jury 28th February 2024
• Announcement of the winners 3rd March 2024

Click here to access the full description of the 2023 diploma award!

[1] We understand bachelor work, diploma work, and master thesis under the term diploma work which we use throughout the text.

[2] Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Vatican.

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Vistula Group of Universities Guide to writing a diploma thesis General requirements standard

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linda ntokokzo

These rules should be read in conjunction with the general rules and the general information in Part 1 of the Calendar. 1 General information Please avail youself – prior to registration – of the practical teaching requirements. PE113 Admission requirements (1) To be registered as a candidate for the Postgraduate Certifi cate in Education (Senior Phase and Further Education and Training), a student must hold an approved Bachelor's degree or relevant equivalent qualifi cation. The fi rst degree or equivalent qualifi cation should include approved school subjects in the following combinations: One second-level and one fi rst-level appropriate school subject from the list of Appropriate subjects/fi eld of study for teacher education programmes – see PE114. (2) For the principal teaching subjects (see PE115 Subject didactics and Learning area didactics), students must have passed at least a second level course in an appropriate subject (for Subject didactics) and at least a fi rst level course in another appropriate subject (for Learning area didactics). NB1 (i) With the special permission of Senate, a student who holds a degree but lacks not more than two fi rst courses or one second course in a school subject(s) may take such outstanding course(s) concurrently with the Certifi cate. Note that the Subject Didactics of such an outstanding subject may not be taken concurrently with the degree course in the subject. The Certifi cate will not be issued until all the prescribed requirements have been satisfi ed. (ii) If students obtained their Bachelor's degree at another university, an original transcript of their complete academic record, issued by the REGISTRAR of the university concerned, must accompany their FIRST application for registration. (iii) A certifi ed copy of the student's Matriculation, Senior or School Leaving Certifi cate must also accompany his/her FIRST application for registration. (3) A student who intends to seek employment with a recognised Department of Education in the Republic of South Africa must have satisfi ed the provisions of (1) and (2) above and, inter alia, have passed the following at matriculation level: (a) two of the offi cial languages with 40% (minimum) in at least one of them as First Language Higher Grade. (An immigrant who has not satisfi ed all these requirements, will be required to do so during his or her period of training for the qualifi cation); and (b) have obtained at least 40% on Higher Grade in another subject (the two languages excluded). NB2 (i) Students who obtained a Matriculation, Senior or School Leaving Certifi cate prior to the introduction of the diff erentiated system will, for a transitional period, satisfy the provisions of (3)(a) and (b) above if they have passed two languages chosen in accordance with 3(a), at least one of which on the higher grade. The diff erentiated system was implemented by the Education Departments of Natal, Transvaal and Indian Education in 1975, by the Department of Coloured, Rehoboth and Nama Relations in 1977 and by the other examining bodies in 1976. (ii) Appointments to teaching posts and the recognition of qualifi cations are prerogatives of the relevant Education Departments and can therefore not be guaranteed by the University. PE114 School subjects Students must limit their choice of appropriate school subjects to subjects/fi elds of study associated with the eight learning areas of the General Education and Training Band and subjects/fi elds of study associated with subjects in the Further Education and Training Band (refer to Rule PE115). PE115 Curriculum NB The course or module codes must be indicated on the registration form. The curriculum comprises the following 10 study units. All study units are off ered as modules.

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BME Diploma Ceremony: Final Exercises 2024

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SCHEDULE May 19, 2023

• 9:00a Lawn Ceremony
• 11:30p BME Diploma Ceremony Old Cabell Hall
• 12:30p BME Reception at Nau-Gibson Hall/South Commons

TICKETS (LAWN CEREMONY)

• Lawn Ceremony e-tickets: click here  

TICKETS (BME DIPLOMA CEREMONY)

• Each graduate will receive FIVE (5) PAPER TICKETS to the BME Diploma Ceremony at Old Cabell Hall.  Not 6 tickets, as initially shared by the Dean's Office! This is due to an 851-person seating limit at Old Cabell Hall.
• Where to pick up tickets: We will email you when tickets are available for pick up from the BME Main Office, MR5 2010. It's usually a week or two before courses end. You can pick up tickets during normal operating hours up until 5:00pm on Friday, May 17th. Thereafter, tickets will move to Kitter's front porch, where you can continue to pick them up during daylight hours up until Sunday, May 19 at 9:00 a.m. Email  [email protected] for the address. The location is convenient to Old Cabell Hall, the South Garage and South Commons. 
• If tickets are not picked up, or otherwise arranged for, by Sunday, May 19 at 9:00 a.m., then we will assume they are safe to be released for another guest's use. If this is not the case, don't panic-- text Kitter at 434 245-0494.

TICKET LOTTERY

LINK: Lottery for a 6th Ticket to the BME Diploma Ceremony  

• Do you have 6 guests? Secure an extra ticket from another student, or enter the Lottery for a 6th Ticket . As of 4/8/2024 we have 67 tickets to share. 
• Do you have fewer than 5 guests?  Share your unused ticket(s) with another graduating student, or surrender unused tickets for BME to distribute. 
• Unticketed guests: Once all ticketed guests are seated, guests without tickets will be admitted. In the past, we have been able to seat all guests.

LOCATION AND WEATHER CONTINGENCIES

• Fair-Weather Location: Old Cabell Hall, Auditorium (11:30 a.m.)
• Inclement-Weather Location: Same | Severe-Weather Location: Same
• BME Department Contacts: Kitter Bishop (434) 245-0494,  [email protected] | Karen Sleezer, [email protected]

RECEPTION | FOOD

• Light sandwiches and gluten free snacks will be provided by  Mona Lisa Pasta in South Commons (adjacent to Gibson & Nau Halls) after the Diploma Ceremony, around 12:30 p.m.
• Following the Diploma Ceremony, escorts will be posted at the Old Cabell Hall elevators to help mobility-impaired guests travel the ADA route ( Map ) to South Commons (location of the reception). Most guests will travel a route with stairs.  
• Here is official  Parking Info from the Office of Major Events.  
• BME guests might consider parking at the Student Wellness Center Garage ( Maps ), the UVA Health South Garage ( Maps ), or Scott Stadium. These are all convenient to the Clark Hall/Bryan Hall Entrance to the Lawn . Afterwards, they are convenient to South Commons. The downside is that there is no Shuttle Service from these parking areas. If you park here, you'll be walking .4 miles up to the Lawn. 

PARKING FOR MOBILITY-IMPAIRED GUESTS

• We can secure parking passes directly at Old Cabell Hall in the "C-1 Lot" for disabled and/or mobility-impaired family members. 
• To secure a C-1 Parking pass, email  [email protected] or call 434 245-0494 well ahead of time . Kitter must talk/email with the organizing parent or the family member who is doing the driving and parking. (Why? because in the past, when I've released passes to your student, the pass tends to go unused).

PRONOUNCING YOUR NAME

• Undergraduate students: If your name is likely to challenge Dr. Allen, then please practice with him, or email him an audio file or phonetic spelling:  [email protected]
• Graduate students: If your name (or thesis title) is likely to challenge Dr. Griffin, then please practice with him or email him an audio file or phonetic spelling: [email protected]
• P.S. You may change your preferred name on transcripts and diplomas by emailing  [email protected] as per  Frequently Asked Questions for Transgender, Non-Binary, and Gender Nonconforming Students | Office For Equal Opportunity and Civil Rights, U.Va . 

CAPS AND GOWNS

• Caps and Gowns:  click here 
• PhD Hoods: The School of Engineering provides graduating PhDs with their hoods. Your PhD mentor "hoods" you as part of the diploma ceremony. MS and ME students do not receive hoods.

 THIRD YEAR VOLUNTEERS

• Volunteer training is during exam week. We will do a dry run of the ceremony and reception from the perspective of an usher.
• All volunteers will get an event badge and wristband. Some will do a brief crowd manager training online that yields a whistle and another badge. You'll need all this stuff to enter Old Cabell Hall while the Lawn Ceremony is happening. If you are unable to attend the Annual Training, email  [email protected] to arrange pick up of this gear. 
• Plan to arrive the Old Cabell Auditorium by 10:00am on Sunday. Enter Old Cabell Hall from New Cabell Hall at the side entrance off the C-1 parking lot. You will need your gear to enter Cabell Hall while the Lawn Ceremony is still taking place. 
• Regalia is available for pick up in the BME Office starting (TBD).  After 3p on May 17, email  [email protected] to arrange pick up from her front porch, which is convenient to Old Cabell Hall and South Garage. Regalia will NOT be carried to Old Cabell Hall on Sunday. Return regalia promptly to Kitter's porch or the BME Main Office (MR5 2010) just after graduation.
• Meet in basement of Old Cabell after the Lawn Ceremony, no later than 11:15a.
• If you need to enter Old Cabell Hall before the Lawn ceremony ends, you must get an event staff badge and wristband from Kitter ahead of time.

 SECURITY

• Metal detectors and  clear bag policy.
• Faculty who are attending the Lawn Ceremony and Diploma Ceremony: No special instructions.
• Family members who are attending only the diploma ceremony and want to enter Old Cabell before the Lawn Ceremony ends: Event Badge and wristband from Kitter.

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The Two Men Who Wanted to Categorize ‘Every Living Thing’ on Earth

Jason Roberts tells the story of the scholars who tried to taxonomize the world.

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By Deborah Blum

Deborah Blum, the director of the Knight Science Journalism Program at M.I.T., is the author of “The Poison Squad: One Chemist’s Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.”

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EVERY LIVING THING: The Great and Deadly Race to Know All Life , by Jason Roberts

A professor asks a student to go on a plant-collecting trip, a perilous journey from Sweden to Suriname in 1754. The devoted student agrees, which means months tossed about on a wooden ship while chased by a simmering fever. When the student returns, he still shows hints of delirium, declaring that one of his specimens can produce a harvest of pearls, refusing to turn over any of his treasures to his mentor. What’s a plant-obsessed professor to do?

For Carl Linnaeus, this was easily answered. He went to Daniel Rolander’s home and, finding him away, smashed a window and broke in. Sadly, he found no pearl-bearing oyster plant or any other notable vegetation; merely one small herb which people in Suriname used to treat diarrhea. Linnaeus took it anyway. He then dismissed the young collector entirely, denying him compensation and pointedly naming a minuscule beetle “Aphanus rolandi.” (“Aphanus” means obscure, by the way.)

If this sketch of Linnaeus causes you to view the man as ruthless, a little unhinged and a lot meanspirited, well, that’s the point here. Jason Roberts, the author of “Every Living Thing,” is not a fan of the founding father of taxonomy, whom he rather hilariously describes as “a Swedish doctor with a diploma-mill medical degree and a flair for self-promotion.” But the snark is not merely entertainment — the portrait is central to the main thesis of Roberts’s engaging and thought-provoking book, one focused on the theatrical politics and often deeply troubling science that shape our definitions of life on Earth.

Roberts’s exploration centers on the competing work of Linnaeus and another scientific pioneer, the French mathematician and naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. Of the two, Linnaeus is far better known today. Of course, Roberts notes, the Frenchman did not pursue fame as ardently as did his Swedish rival. Linnaeus cultivated admiration to a near-religious degree; he liked to describe even obscure students like Rolander as “apostles.” Buffon, in his time even more famous as a brilliant mathematician, scholar and theorist, preferred debate over adulation, dismissing public praise as “a vain and deceitful phantom.”

Their different approaches to stardom may partly explain why we remember one better than we do the other. But perhaps their most important difference — one that forms the central question of Roberts’s book — can be found in their sharply opposing ideas on how to best impose order on the planet’s tangle of species.

Linnaeus is justly given credit for applying logic and order to science, standardizing the names, definitions and classifications of research. But his directives were based on an often uncharitable and deeply biased worldview. He saw species, including humans, as needing to be ranked according to European values. Thus, Linnaeus is also credited with establishing racial categories for people.

He placed white Europeans firmly at the top. Homo sapiens Europaeus, as he called it, was blond, blue-eyed, “gentle, acute, inventive.” By contrast, Homo sapiens Afer was dark and, in Linnaeus’s definition, “slow, sly and careless”; Homo sapiens Americanus was red-skinned and short-tempered.

Buffon, far more generous by nature, rejected this racial hierarchy. “The dissimilarities are merely external,” he wrote in 1758, “the alterations of nature but superficial.” Living things were adaptable, he insisted, shaped by the environment. Charles Darwin, who pioneered the theory of evolution, would later call Buffon’s ideas, posed more than a century before the 1859 publication of “On the Origin of Species,” “laughably like my own.”

Roberts stands openly on the side of Buffon, rather than his “profoundly prejudiced” rival. He’s frustrated that human society and its scientific enterprise ignored the better ideas — and the better man. And he’s equally frustrated that after all this time we’ve yet to fully acknowledge Buffon’s contributions to our understanding. As time has proved him right, certainly on issues of race and evolution, Roberts asks, why are Linnaeus and his worldviews still so much better known — and better accepted by far too many?

The book traces some reasons — the anti-aristocratic fervor of the French Revolution in suppressing Buffon’s scholarship; the European colonialists who firmly elevated Linnaeus’s more convenient worldview. It wasn’t until the 20th century that scientists and historians began rediscovering the importance of the French scientist’s ideas. And that, Roberts believes, has been our loss in countless ways.

More than 250 years ago, Buffon proposed that we exist in a world full of ever-changing possibility, a place where our similarities matter as much as our differences. Perhaps it’s not too late, this book suggests, to be our better selves and yet hear him out.

EVERY LIVING THING : The Great and Deadly Race to Know All Life | By Jason Roberts | Random House | 422 pp. | $35

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