European red squirrels numbers have dwindled in recent years, thanks to invasive gray squirrels from North America.
- WEIRD & WILD
Which Are Smarter, Red Squirrels or Gray Squirrels? Science Weighs In
An experiment comparing cousins from across the pond may help explain a British squirrel invasion.
Gray squirrels may not look so smart when they’re frantically burying acorns they may never find again, but they appear to be smarter than the red squirrels found across the pond.
Ever since gray squirrels arrived in the U.K. from North America more than a century ago, numbers of Great Britain’s native red squirrels have begun to dwindle. Now scientists may have a clue as to why: Gray squirrels are better at problem-solving when it’s time for dinner.
The two closely related species share habitat and food sources, which makes them direct competitors. And gray squirrels’ craftiness may be helping them outcompete their smaller, reddish counterparts, researchers report in the journal Animal Behaviour .
During the past several decades, the plight of the red squirrel has grown especially concerning, leading the Red Squirrel Survival Trust to project that the species could go extinct in the U.K. within the next decade if numbers don’t reverse.
To figure out how gray squirrels are outcompeting their British cousins, University of Exeter squirrel behavior expert Pizza Ka Yee Chow studied the twitchy-tailed rodents at both her university campus and on the Isle of Arran, off Scotland’s West Coast. Chow and colleagues tested the squirrels’ problem-solving abilities using two different puzzles, one simple and the other more complex. If the squirrels solved the puzzles, they got a tasty hazelnut.
The easy puzzle simply required the squirrel to open a clear plastic flap to get the food. The difficult puzzle had several more steps, including operating a lever, before the squirrel got its treat.
Both species did equally well at the simple puzzle, although they used different strategies. Gray squirrels tackled the puzzle with short, repeated attempts, often changing up their tactics when they tried again. The red squirrels made fewer attempts but spent more time with the puzzle.
Invasive North American gray squirrels do better at overcoming obstacles to get food, according to new research.
The difference emerged with the more challenging puzzle. Although 91 percent of the gray squirrels solved it, only 68 percent of the red squirrels did. Chow and her colleagues chalked the difference up to the gray squirrel’s ability to try new strategies to tackle the challenging task.
“Tree squirrels have a pretty varied diet and are very good at finding food wherever it might be,” says Thaddeus McRae , an animal behavior expert at Lee University who wasn’t involved in the study. “This kind of flexibility is especially important when they’re competing against other species of squirrel, making them very successful at invading.”
Over time, this ingenuity could have helped gray squirrels find better, more nutritious food, giving them an advantage in making more squirrels.
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Researchers from the study have suggested that gray squirrels’ cannier sensibilities may, in part, be to blame. “ [Problem solving] might be especially important for an invasive species like ...
Chow and colleagues tested the squirrels’ problem-solving abilities using two different puzzles, one simple and the other more complex. If the squirrels solved the puzzles, they got a tasty ...