beginner html assignments for students

HTML Projects for Beginners: 10 Easy Starter Ideas

Published: December 11, 2023

Are you eager to level up your HTML skills? Embarking on HTML projects for beginners is an excellent way to start. As someone who once stood where you are now, I can confidently say that the journey from HTML novice to proficiency is both thrilling and immensely rewarding. It's not just about learning a language; it’s about creating and bringing your ideas to life. 

In my early days of exploring web development, HTML was the cornerstone that laid the foundation for my career. Now, with several years of experience in web development and a passion for being a resource for beginners, I understand the importance of starting with practical, easy-to-follow projects.

In this blog, I'm excited to share with you a curated list of HTML projects that are perfect for beginners. These projects are designed not only to increase your understanding of HTML but also to spark your creativity and enthusiasm for web development.

Table of Contents

• Understanding the Basics
• Project 1: Personal Portfolio Page
• Project 2: Simple Blog Layout
• Project 3: Landing Page
• Project 4: eCommerce Page
• Project 5: Recipe Page
• Project 6: Technical Documentation 
• Project 7: Small Business Homepage 
• Project 8: Simple Survey Form
• Project 9: Event Invitation Page
• Project 10: Parallax Website

The Road Ahead in Web Development

Understanding the basics: what is html.

Before I dive into the exciting world of HTML projects, I want to share why grasping the basics of HTML is crucial. HTML , which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the foundational building block of the web. It’s not a programming language, but a markup language that I use to define the structure and layout of a web page through various elements and tags.

To me, HTML is like creating a framework for web content, similar to how an architect designs a building's blueprint. You would use tags to mark up text, insert images, create links, and lay out web pages in a format that browsers can understand and display. These tags , the basic units of HTML, help differentiate between headings, paragraphs, lists, and other content types, giving the web its versatile and user-friendly nature.

Every web developer starts somewhere, and for many, including myself, that starting point is HTML. It's a language that empowers me to create, experiment, and develop various digital experiences . So, as we embark on these beginner projects, remember that you're not just learning a new skill. You are stepping into a world full of endless possibilities and opportunities.

10 HTML Projects for Beginners: Your Journey Starts Here

As a web developer passionate about teaching, I‘m thrilled to guide you through this series. This section is crafted to progressively enhance your skills, offering a blend of creativity and learning. I’ve seen firsthand how these projects can transform beginners into confident creators, and I‘m excited to see the unique and innovative web experiences you’ll bring to life. Let's embark on this adventure together, turning code into compelling digital stories!

Project 1: Creating a Personal Portfolio Page

One of the best ways to start your HTML journey is by creating a personal portfolio page. This project allows you to introduce yourself to the world of web development while learning the basics of HTML. It’s not just about coding; it’s about telling your story through the web.

The objective here is to craft a web page that effectively portrays your personal and professional persona. This includes detailing your biography, showcasing your skills, and possibly even including a portfolio of work or projects you've completed. This page will be a cornerstone in establishing your online presence and can evolve as you progress in your career.

See the Pen HTML Project 1 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Showcase and Evolve : I'm selecting projects that best represent my abilities, and I plan to continually update my portfolio as I develop new skills.
• Simplicity and Clarity : My focus is on creating a clear, user-friendly layout that makes navigating my story and achievements effortless for visitors.

Project 2: Building a Simple Blog Layout

After creating a personal portfolio, the next step in your HTML journey is to build a simple blog layout. This project will introduce you to more complex structures and how to organize content effectively on a webpage.

The goal of this project is to create a basic blog layout that includes a header, a main content area for blog posts, and a footer. This layout serves as the foundation for any blog, providing a clear structure for presenting articles or posts.

See the Pen HTML Project 2 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Consistency is Key : In designing the blog, I'm focusing on maintaining a consistent style throughout the page to ensure a cohesive look.
• Content First : My layout will prioritize readability and easy navigation, making the content the star of the show.

Project 3: Designing a Landing Page

For the third project, let's shift gears and focus on creating a landing page. A landing page is a pivotal element in web design, often serving as the first point of contact between a business or individual and their audience. This project will help you learn how to design an effective and visually appealing landing page.

The objective is to create a single-page layout that introduces a product, service, or individual, with a focus on encouraging visitor engagement, such as signing up for a newsletter, downloading a guide, or learning more about a service.

See the Pen HTML Project 3 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Clear Call to Action : I'm ensuring that my landing page has a clear and compelling call to action (CTA) that stands out and guides visitors towards the desired engagement.
• Visual Appeal and Simplicity : My focus is on combining visual appeal with simplicity, making sure the design is not only attractive but also easy to navigate and understand.

Project 4: Crafting an eCommerce Page

Creating an eCommerce page is an excellent project for web developers looking to dive into the world of online retail. This project focuses on designing a web page that showcases products, includes product descriptions, prices, and a shopping cart.

The aim is to build a user-friendly and visually appealing eCommerce page that displays products effectively, providing customers with essential information and a seamless shopping experience. The page should include product images, descriptions, prices, and add-to-cart buttons.

See the Pen HTML Project 4 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Clarity and Accessibility : In designing the eCommerce page, my priority is to ensure that information is clear and accessible, making the shopping process straightforward for customers.
• Engaging Product Presentation : I'll focus on presenting each product attractively, with high-quality images and concise, informative descriptions that entice and inform.

Project 5: Developing a Recipe Page

One of the best ways to enhance your HTML and CSS skills is by creating a recipe page. This project is not only about structuring content but also about making it visually appealing. A recipe page is a delightful way to combine your love for cooking with web development, allowing you to share your favorite recipes in a creative and engaging format.

The aim of this project is to design a web page that effectively displays a recipe, making it easy and enjoyable to read. This includes organizing the recipe into clear sections such as ingredients and instructions, and styling the page to make it visually appealing. The recipe page you create can serve as a template for future culinary postings or a personal collection of your favorite recipes.

See the Pen HTML Project 5 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Clarity and Simplicity : My focus is on presenting the recipe in an organized manner, ensuring that the ingredients and instructions are easy to distinguish and follow.
• Engaging Visuals : I plan to use appealing images and a thoughtful layout, making the page not just informative but also a delight to the eyes.

Project 6: Creating a Technical Documentation 

Implementing a responsive navigation menu is a crucial skill in web development, enhancing user experience on various devices. This project focuses on creating a navigation menu that adjusts to different screen sizes, ensuring your website is accessible and user-friendly across all devices.

The goal is to create a navigation menu that adapts to different screen sizes. This includes a traditional horizontal menu for larger screens and a collapsible " hamburger " menu for smaller screens. Understanding responsive design principles and how to apply them using HTML and CSS is key in this project.

See the Pen HTML Project 6 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Flexibility is Key : I'm focusing on building a navigation menu that's flexible and adapts smoothly across various devices.
• Simplicity in Design : Keeping the design simple and intuitive is crucial, especially for the mobile version, to ensure ease of navigation.

Project 7: Building a Small Business Homepage 

Creating a homepage for a small business is a fantastic project for applying web development skills in a real-world context. This project involves designing a welcoming and informative landing page for a small business, focusing on user engagement and business promotion.

The aim is to create a homepage that effectively represents a small business, providing key information such as services offered, business hours, location, and contact details. The design should be professional, inviting, and aligned with the business's branding.

See the Pen HTML Project 7 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Clarity and Accessibility : My priority is ensuring that key information is presented clearly and is easily accessible to visitors.
• Brand Consistency : I plan to incorporate design elements that are in line with the business's branding, creating a cohesive and professional online presence.

Project 8: Setting Up a Simple Survey Form

Creating a simple survey form is a valuable project for practicing form handling in HTML and CSS. It's a fundamental skill in web development, essential for gathering user feedback, conducting research, or learning more about your audience.

The objective of this project is to create a user-friendly survey form that collects various types of information from users. The form will include different types of input fields, such as text boxes, radio buttons, checkboxes, and a submit button. The focus is on creating a clear, accessible, and easy-to-use form layout.

See the Pen HTML Project 8 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Simplicity in Design : I'm aiming for a design that's straightforward and intuitive, ensuring that filling out the form is hassle-free for users.
• Responsive Layout : Ensuring the form is responsive and accessible on different devices is a key consideration in its design.

Project 9: Creating an Event Invitation Page

Designing an event invitation page is a fantastic way to combine creativity with technical skills. This project involves creating a web page that serves as an online invitation for an event, such as a conference, workshop, or party.

The aim is to create a visually appealing and informative event invitation page. This page should include details about the event like the date, time, venue, and a brief description. The focus is on using HTML and CSS to present this information in an engaging and organized manner.

See the Pen HTML Project 9 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Visual Impact : I'm aiming for a design that captures the essence of the event, making the page immediately engaging.
• Clear Information Hierarchy : Organizing the event details in a clear and logical manner is crucial for effective communication.

Project 10: Building a Parallax Website

Creating a parallax website involves implementing a visual effect where background images move slower than foreground images, creating an illusion of depth and immersion. It's a popular technique for modern, interactive web design.

The objective of this project is to create a website with a parallax scrolling effect. This will be achieved using HTML and CSS, specifically focusing on background image positioning and scroll behavior. The key is to create a visually engaging and dynamic user experience.

See the Pen HTML Project 10 by HubSpot ( @hubspot ) on CodePen .

• Balance in Motion : While implementing parallax effects, I'll ensure the motion is smooth and not overwhelming, to maintain a pleasant user experience.
• Optimized Performance : I'll be mindful of optimizing images and code to ensure the parallax effect doesn't hinder the site's performance.

As we reach the end of our journey through various web development projects, it's clear that the field of web development is constantly evolving, presenting both challenges and opportunities. From creating basic HTML pages to designing dynamic, interactive websites, the skills acquired are just the beginning of a much broader and exciting landscape.

Embracing New Technologies: The future of web development is tied to the ongoing advancements in technologies. Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js are changing how we build interactive user interfaces. Meanwhile, advancements in CSS, like Flexbox and Grid, have revolutionized layout design, making it more efficient and responsive.

Focus on User Experience: As technology progresses, the emphasis on user experience (UX) will become even more crucial. The success of a website increasingly depends on how well it engages users, provides value, and creates meaningful interactions. Web developers must continuously learn about the latest UX trends and apply them to their work.

The Rise of Mobile-First Development: With the increasing use of smartphones for internet access, mobile-first design is no longer an option but a necessity. This approach involves designing websites for smaller screens first and then scaling up to larger screens, ensuring a seamless experience across all devices.

Web Accessibility and Inclusivity: Making the web accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities, is a growing focus. This includes following best practices and guidelines for web accessibility, ensuring that websites are usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities or disabilities.

Performance and Optimization: As users become more demanding about performance, optimizing websites for speed and efficiency will continue to be a priority. This includes minimizing load times, optimizing images and assets, and writing efficient code.

Emerging Trends: The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in web development is on the rise, offering new ways to personalize user experiences and automate tasks. Additionally, the development of Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) is blurring the lines between web and mobile apps, offering offline capabilities and improved performance.

Continuous Learning: The only constant in web development is change. Continuous learning and adaptation are key to staying relevant in this field. Whether it's learning new programming languages, frameworks, or design principles, the ability to evolve with the industry is critical for any web developer.

As you continue on your path in web development, remember that each project is a step towards mastering this ever-changing discipline. Embrace the challenges, stay curious, and keep building, for the road ahead in web development is as exciting as it is limitless.

Don't forget to share this post!

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Fun HTML Activities for Beginners

Have you ever wanted to build your own website? Today we’re going to show you some fun HTML activities for beginners to help you get a better understanding of HTML coding and get you started building a site of your very own!

These days, there are lots of cool apps out there that make building a simple website quick and easy. But if you want to build something really cool and unique, knowing how to code in HTML is super important!

Learning HTML is important because the internet was created on and continues to rely heavily on HTML code. Automated WYSIWIG (What you See is What You Get) website editors are helpful but they have their limitations. Fortunately, many automated website editors also have the ability to also use custom HTML code. So, if you want more control of your website, learning how to code HTML for yourself is key!

Find out how to build web pages with HTML and CSS in our award-winning online class, Build Your Web , designed by Google, Stanford, and MIT professionals, and led live by an expert.

Discover HTML activities for beginners with this tutorial for kids

Learning HTML sometimes involves a lot of trial and error. Today’s activities will give you a chance to:

• experiment and make mistakes in a safe environment
• explore some key HTML concepts

Here are a few fun activities you can try to get your feet wet in the world of HTML coding!

1. Make your first webpage using HTML!

The first thing you need to know is that websites are built using a coding language called HTML. HTML is a coding language that uses tags. Tags are kind of like boxes. There are lots of kinds of boxes that have different “attributes” like color or size and different boxes can be used to hold different things. Some boxes are even used to hold other boxes. When using boxes to hold things in the real world, it’s important to have a bottom and a cover for the box so it works properly and so that things inside the boxes don’t spill out. HTML tags are the same way.

In this first activity we will customize a pre-built web page to make your first web page! To customize this web page and make it your own, we will be customizing an < h1 > tag and a < p > tag. An < h1 > tag is for making a large heading or title section on your page and the < p > tag is for making paragraphs.

Before experimenting with the tags, keep in mind that every tag needs an opening tag and a closing tag. The opening tag is like the top of a box and the closing tag is like the bottom. The opening and closing tags keep everything contained just like the lid and bottom of a box.

For example, the large heading tag starts like this < h > and ends like this </ h >.

Do you see the “/”? This tells the computer that we are closing the heading tag.

Now that you have the basics, click over to this page and start customizing.

• Start by changing the words inside the < h1 > tag. You can put something like, “Welcome to my first web page!”
• Then, try changing the text in the < p > tag right below your heading. Write a paragraph sharing your favorite outdoor activity. :)
• When you’re ready to test your web page, hit the big green button that says “Run”.

• Be very careful with the opening and closing tags. If you accidentally erase a “<” or the “/” it may make the page render funny. You have to be very precise with your typing.
• HTML doesn’t work the same as a typical text editor like Microsoft Word or Apple Pages or Google Docs. If you press the “Return” button on your keyboard to get a new line, the web browser won’t do as you expect. If you’d like to add a new line after a sentence, you will need to use a line break tag. < br >

So for example if you type this:

The page will render like this:

Hello, I’m Ray. I like to play lacrosse. To render properly, you’ll want to use the line break tag < br > like this:

This will work correctly, too.

2. Dress Up Your Text

In this activity you’ll learn how to make your words in your paragraph stand out by making words bold, or italic , or underlined.

To do this, you will use use the following tags:

< b > for bold text

< i > for italic text

< u > for underlined text

For example:

Will render like this:

Hello! My name is Ray and I like to play lacrosse .

For this activity, you can continue customizing your webpage from the previous activity or click here to start a new webpage :

• Remember, whenever you use an HTML tag, don’t forget to use a closing tag to let the computer know when you want the text effect to stop.
• You can also NEST tags. For example, what if you wanted some text to be both bold AND italic ? You can insert a tag, followed by another tag, followed by the text you want to decorate, followed by the closing tags like this:

The above code will render like this:

The following text will be both bold and italic .

3. Adding links to your page.

No webpage would be complete without links to other pages, right?! So let’s explore creating links.

To create a tag, we will need to use the anchor tag < a >.

Until now, we have only been using simple container tags. A box is a type of container. The tags we have been using so far have contained text. The anchor tag < a > is also a container tag but it is special because it is the first tag that we have encountered so far that has attributes . Attributes can change the personality or actions that can be applied to and by a tag.

The attributes we will be playing with for the anchor tag are href and target.

href stands for “Hypertext REFerence”. We can use the href attribute to reference another location in the webpage or another webpage.

target is used to specify where the href will be displayed.

Attributes are similar to variables and you can set their value using an equal sign “=”.

As an example:

This code will create a link to the USA Lacrosse website that looks like this:

USA Lacrosse

The target value "_blank" tells the web browser to open this link in a new browser window.

For this activity, you can continue customizing your webpage from the previous activity or click here to start a new webpage . Copy the code example above, paste it into your HTML code and change the href attribute to your favorite website. Then change the text inside the < a > tags the same way you changed the text in the < h1 > and < p > tags.

• Be careful with the " symbols. Each attribute should have two. If you forget one, the web browser will get confused.
• Also remember to make sure you have matching < and > brackets for all your tags.

4. Exploring RGB Hex Colors

In this activity you’ll learn how to change colors in HTML using RGB Hexadecimal numbers.

Normally, we count from 0-10 and then move on to 11, 12, 13, 14, etc. In hexadecimal, the numbers go from 0 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.

So for example, A in hex is the same as 10 in decimal. F in hex is the same as 15 in decimal.

Hexadecimal is useful because it allows us to express the same numerical value with fewer digits or characters. 15 in decimal requires 2 digits while saying the same number with “F” uses only one digit.

HTML uses hex numbers to give you very specific control of your colors. Lots of other programs like Adobe Photoshop and other graphics and video programs use hex numbers for colors as well, so learning hex colors is a very useful skill.

You may be wondering, “What is ‘RGB’? What does that mean?”

RGB stands for Red Green Blue. The first two characters in a six character RGB code give the amount of red. The second two give the amount of green. The last two characters give the amount of blue. So if you have the color code FF0000, that is true red. 00FF00 is all green. 0000FF is all blue.

FFFFFF means all the reds, all the greens, and all the blues, which makes white.

000000 means no reds, no greens, and no blues, which makes black.

You can create all kinds of combinations with the numbers to get a very specific color.

Ready to try playing around with RGB hexadecimal colors? Try it here.

• Be careful not to get confused with the color attribute code and the label. The numbers you want to change are the numbers connected to this code: “background-color:#ff0000;”
• Hit the green “Run” button to run your code
• You can reload the page if you mess up and want to start over

5. Adding color to your text

Now that you know how colors are handled in HTML, let's add some more fun and personality to your plain text. Before, we started off by playing around with HEX color codes. These are great if you want complete control over your color choices. But for your convenience, you can ALSO use CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) color keywords to use “pre-mixed” colors. For a complete list of CSS Color Keywords, check out this link .

For most HTML tags, you can use the style attribute to control different tag properties such as color, size, font, font decoration, etc. In fact, this is the PREFERRED way to style your HTML code because it gives you much more flexibility when you decide you want to give your website a new look. In this activity, we will focus on the style attribute to control the color of the text in a heading and a couple paragraphs.

The style attribute can take several “key/value pair” values. The key is the property you want to change and the value tells the browser how to change that property.

This bit of code will render a small heading like this:

Do you see how the key/value pair is entered inside the "  " marks? The key is color and the value is red.They are separated by a “:”. If you wanted to add another property to change, you can separate the key/values with a semi-colon “;” like this:

This bit of code will render like this:

Ready to give it a try? Click this link and try changing the colors on the < h3 > heading and the two < p > paragraphs.

If you’d like to play around with more text-decoration properties, you can see more options here .

And here are some other ways you can make your text bold or italic.

Get started with HTML activities for beginners

We hope you enjoyed creating your first webpage with HTML! You now know how tags work, how to create headings and paragraphs, how to make your text fancy, and how to change colors. Want to learn more? Check out our tutorial for learning HTML . And join our award-winning live online, small group Build Your Web class , designed by professionals from Google, Stanford, and MIT.

Written by Ray Regno, who earned his B.S. in Computer Science at the University of California San Diego in 2003. Only two years after graduation, Ray left his career as a software engineer to pursue his true passion: inspiring and educating others. For almost two decades Ray has taught students of all ages a wide variety of topics and disciplines including coding, fitness, music, automotive repair, and leadership development.

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32 HTML And CSS Projects For Beginners (With Source Code)

updated Apr 17, 2024

If you want to feel confident in your front-end web developer skills, the easiest solution is to start building your own HTML and CSS projects from scratch.

As with any other skill, practicing on simple, realistic projects helps you build your skills and confidence step-by-step.

But if you are new to HTML and CSS, you may be wondering:

Where can I find ideas for beginner-level HTML and CSS projects?

Even if you are just starting out with HTML and CSS, there are some fun and easy projects you can create.

Whether you are new to learning web development or have some experience under your belt, this guide is the perfect place to start improving your skills.

In this article, I’ll walk you through 32 fun HTML and CSS coding projects that are easy to follow. We will start with beginner-level projects and then move on to more demanding ones.

If you want to become a professional front-end developer, the projects below will help you expand your portfolio.

When it’s time to apply for your first entry-level job, you can showcase your skills to potential employers with a portfolio packed with real-life project examples.

Let’s get started!

Please note: This post contains affiliate links to products I use and recommend. I may receive a small commission if you purchase through one of my links, at no additional cost to you. Thank you for your support!

What are HTML and CSS?

HTML and CSS are the most fundamental languages for front-end web development.

Learning them will allow you to:

• Build stunning websites
• Start a coding blog
• Make money freelancing

Let’s take a quick look at both of them next:

What is HTML?

HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the standard markup language for all web pages worldwide.

It’s not a “typical” programming language – like Python or Java – since it doesn’t contain any programming logic. HTML can’t perform data manipulations or calculations, for example.

Instead, HTML allows you to create and format the fundamental structure and content of a web page.

You will use HTML to create:

• Page layouts (header, body, footer, sidebar)
• Paragraphs and headings
• Input fields
• Checkboxes and radio buttons
• Embedded media

Thus, HTML only allows you to determine the structure of a web page and place individual content elements within it.

For more details, check out my post on what HTML is and how it works .

You can’t format the look and feel of your web page with HTML, though.

Your HTML web page will look dull and boring. Sort of like this:

The example above is the first web page every built for the WWW , by the way.

This is how websites used to look in the ’90s. But we’ve come a long way since then – luckily.

To make your HTML content visually appealing and professional-looking, you need another language: CSS. Let’s look at that next.

What is CSS?

CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language that allows you to adjust the design and feel of your HTML content.

Thus, you can turn your pure-HTML pages into stunning, modern websites with CSS. And it’s super easy to learn, too!

Here’s how it works:

CSS allows you to target individual HTML elements and apply different styling rules to them.

For example, here’s a CSS rule that targets H2 headings, their font-size property, and sets it to a value of 24px:

You can use CSS to adjust:

• Backgrounds
• Fonts and text styling
• Spacings (paddings, margins)
• CSS animations
• Responsiveness (media queries)

If you want to create stunning websites and become a front-end web developer, CSS is one of the first tools you must learn and master.

For more details, check out my post on what CSS is and how it works .

Why build HTML and CSS projects?

Practicing on realistic, hands-on projects is the best way to learn how to create something useful and meaningful with HTML and CSS.

The more projects you build, the more confident you will feel in your skills.

To build a web page from scratch , you need a basic understanding of how HTML works. You should be comfortable with writing the necessary HTML code to create a page without copying a boilerplate or following a tutorial.

Thus, if you want to become a front-end web developer , building HTML and CSS projects will teach you how to use these two languages in real life.

Therefore, practising your skills with the projects in this article will give you a competitive edge against anyone who’s simply following tutorials and copy-pasting other people’s code.

Finally, building HTML and CSS projects helps you build a professional portfolio of real-world projects.

When it’s time to start applying for your first job, you will have 10 to 20 cool projects to showcase your skills to potential employers. Not bad!

32 HTML and CSS projects: Table of contents

Here’s an overview of the HTML and CSS projects we’ll go through:

Beginner project: CSS radio buttons

Beginner project: css toggle buttons, beginner project: hamburger menu, beginner project: pure css sidebar toggle menu, beginner project: animated css menu, beginner project: custom checkboxes, beginner project: pure css select dropdown, beginner project: modal/popup without javascript, beginner project: animated gradient ghost button, beginner project: css image slider, basic html & css website layout, tribute page, survey page with html forms, sign-up page / log-in page, job application form page, landing page, product landing page, interactive navigation bar, responsive website header, restaurant menu, restaurant website, parallax website, custom 404 error page, personal portfolio website, blog post layout.

• Photography website

Music store website

Discussion forum website.

• Event or conference website

Technical documentation website

Online recipe book, website clone.

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This quick project is a great example of what you can do with pure CSS to style radio buttons or checkboxes:

See the Pen CSS radio buttons by Angela Velasquez ( @AngelaVelasquez ) on CodePen .

☝️ back to top ☝️

This HTML and CSS project teaches you how to create custom CSS toggle buttons from scratch:

See the Pen Pure CSS Toggle Buttons | ON-OFF Switches by Himalaya Singh ( @himalayasingh ) on CodePen .

Every website needs a menu, right?

This hamburger menu is beautiful and clean, and you can build it with just HTML and CSS:

See the Pen Pure CSS Hamburger fold-out menu by Erik Terwan ( @erikterwan ) on CodePen .

Placing your website navigation inside a sidebar toggle is an easy way to clean up the overall look and feel of your design.

Here’s a modern-looking solution to a pure-CSS sidebar toggle menu:

See the Pen PURE CSS SIDEBAR TOGGLE MENU by Jelena Jovanovic ( @plavookac ) on CodePen .

If you want to build a more dynamic, interactive website navigation, try this animated CSS menu:

See the Pen Animate menu CSS by Joël Lesenne ( @joellesenne ) on CodePen .

Styling your checkboxes to match the overall design is an easy way to elevate the look and feel of your website.

Here’s an easy HTML and CSS practice project to achieve that:

See the Pen Pure CSS custom checkboxes by Glen Cheney ( @Vestride ) on CodePen .

Standard select dropdowns often look dull and boring. Here’s a quick CSS project to learn how to create beautiful select dropdowns easily:

See the Pen Pure CSS Select by Raúl Barrera ( @raubaca ) on CodePen .

Modals and popups often use JavaScript, but here’s a pure HTML and CSS solution to creating dynamic, interactive modals and popups:

See the Pen Pure css popup box by Prakash ( @imprakash ) on CodePen .

Ghost buttons can look great if they fit the overall look and feel of your website.

Here’s an easy project to practice creating stunning, dynamic ghost buttons for your next website project:

See the Pen Animated Gradient Ghost Button Concept by Arsen Zbidniakov ( @ARS ) on CodePen .

This image slider with navigation buttons and dots is a fantastic HTML and CSS project to practice your front-end web development skills:

See the Pen CSS image slider w/ next/prev btns & nav dots by Avi Kohn ( @AMKohn ) on CodePen .

Now, before you start building full-scale web pages with HTML and CSS, you want to set up your basic HTML and CSS website layout first.

The idea is to divide your page into logical HTML sections. That way, you can start filling those sections with the right elements and content faster.

For example, you can break up the body of your page into multiple parts:

• Header: <header>
• Navigation: <nav>
• Content: <article>
• Sidebar: <aside>
• Footer: <footer>

Depending on your project, you can fill the article area with a blog post, photos, or other content you need to present.

This layout project will serve as a starting point for all your future HTML and CSS projects, so don’t skip it.

Having a template like this will speed up your next projects, because you won’t have to start from scratch.

Here are two tutorials that will walk you through the steps of creating a basic website layout using HTML and CSS:

• https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_layout.asp
• https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_website_layout.asp

Building a tribute page is fantastic HTML and CSS practice for beginners.

What should your tribute page be about?

Anything you like!

Build a tribute page about something you love spending time with.

Here are a few examples:

• a person you like
• your favorite food
• a travel destination
• your home town

My first HTML-only tribute page was for beetroots. Yes, beetroots. I mean, why not?

HTML and CSS concepts you will practice:

• HTML page structure
• basic HTML elements: headings, paragraphs, lists
• embedding images with HTML
• CSS fundamentals: fonts and colors
• CSS paddings, margins, and borders

Here’s a helpful tutorial for building a HTML and CSS tribute page .

Whether you want to become a full-time web developer or a freelance web designer, you will use HTML forms in almost every project.

Forms allow you to build:

• Contact forms
• Login forms
• Sign up forms
• Survey forms

Building a survey page allows you to practice HTML input tags, form layouts, radio buttons, checkboxes, and more.

Pick any topic you like and come up with 10 pieces of information you want to collect from respondents.

Perhaps an employee evaluation form? Or a customer satisfaction form?

• form elements: input fields, dropdowns, radio buttons, labels
• styling for forms and buttons

Here’s an example survey form project for inspiration:

See the Pen Good Vibes Form by Laurence ( @laurencenairne ) on CodePen .

Let’s practice those HTML forms a bit more, shall we?

For this project, you will build a sign-up or log-in page with the necessary input fields for a username and a password.

Because we can create a user profile on almost every website, forms are absolutely essential for allowing people to set their usernames and passwords.

Your forms will collect inputs from users and a separate back-end program will know how to store and process that data.

Creating a clean and clear sign-up page can be surprisingly difficult. The more you learn about HTML and CSS, the more content you want to create to showcase your skills. But the thing is: a sign-up page needs to be as clean and easy-to-use as possible.

Thus, the biggest challenge with this project is to keep it simple, clear, and light.

Here’s an example project to get started with:

See the Pen Learn HTML Forms by Building a Registration Form by Noel ( @WaterNic10 ) on CodePen .

For more inspiration, check out these 50+ sign-up forms built with HTML and CSS .

Using a HTML form is the best way to collect information from job applicants.

You can also generate and format a job description at the top of the page.

Then, create a simple job application form below to collect at least 10 pieces of information.

Use these HTML elements, for example:

• Text fields
• Email fields
• Radio buttons

Here’s an example job application page you can build with HTML and CSS:

See the Pen Simple Job Application Form Example by Getform ( @getform ) on CodePen .

One of your first HTML and CSS projects should be a simple landing page.

Your landing page can focus on a local business, an event, or a product launch, for example.

Landing pages play an important role for new businesses, marketing campaigns, and product launches. As a front-end developer, you will be asked to create them for clients.

For this project, create a simple HTML file and style it with CSS. Be sure to include a headline, some text about the company or its services, and a call-to-action (CTA) button.

Make sure that your landing page is clean and clear and that it’s easy to read.

If you build a landing page for a new product, highlight the product’s key benefits and features.

To get started, follow this freeCodeCamp tutorial to build a simple landing page . You will need JavaScript for a few features. If you are not familiar with JavaScript, leave those features out for now and come back to them later.

For more inspiration, check out these HTML landing page templates .

A product landing page is a page that you build to promote a specific product or service.

For example, if you want to sell your ebook about how to use CSS to build an animated website, then you would create a product landing page for it.

Your product landing page can be very simple to start with. When your skills improve, add some complexity depending on what kind of information you need to present.

One of the most iconic product landing pages is the iPhone product page by Apple, for example:

Of course, the iPhone landing page is technically complex, so you won’t build it as your first project. But still, it’s a good place to find inspiration and new ideas.

The best way to design your first product landing page is to create a simple wireframe first. Sketch your page layout on paper before you start building it.

Wireframes help you maintain a clear overview of your HTML sections and elements.

To get started, browse through these product landing page examples for some inspiration .

Building an interactive navigation bar will teach you how to create an animated menu with dropdowns using HTML and CSS.

This is another great project for beginners, because it will teach you how to create menus using HTML and CSS. You’ll also learn how to style them with different colors, fonts, and effects.

You’ll also learn how to use anchors and pseudo-classes to create the menu navigation, as well as how to create the dropdown menus from scratch.

If you aren’t familiar with CSS media queries yet, building a responsive navigation bar is a smart way to learn and practice them.

CSS media queries allow you to create a responsive navigation menu that changes its size and layout depending on screen width.

To get started, check out this tutorial on how to build an interactive navigation bar with HTML and CSS .

One of the best ways to practice your HTML and CSS skills is to create custom website headers. This is a great project to add to your portfolio website, as it will show off your skills and help you attract new clients.

There are a number of different ways that you can create a stylish and responsive website header. One option is to use a premade CSS framework such as Bootstrap or Foundation. Alternatively, you can create your own custom styles by hand.

No matter which option you choose, be sure to make your header mobile-friendly by using media queries. This will ensure that your header looks great on all devices, regardless of their screen size or resolution.

To get started, check out this simple example for a responsive HTML and CSS header .

If you’re looking to get into web development, one of the best HTML and CSS projects you can build is a simple restaurant menu.

Align the different foods and drinks using a CSS layout grid.

Add prices, images, and other elements you need to give it a professional, clean look and feel.

Choose a suitable color palette, fonts, and stock photos.

You can also add photos or a gallery for individual dishes. If you want to add an image slider, you can create one with HTML and CSS, too.

Here’s an example of a very simple restaurant menu project:

See the Pen Simple CSS restaurant menu by Viszked Tamas Andras ( @ViszkY ) on CodePen .

Once you’ve built your restaurant menu with, it’s time to tackle a more complex HTML and CSS project.

Building a real-life restaurant website is a fun way to practice a ton of HTML and CSS topics.

Not only will you learn the basics of creating a beautiful, professional web page, but you also get a chance to practice responsive web design, too.

And if you’re looking to land your first front-end web developer job, having a well-designed business website in your portfolio will help you stand out from the crowd.

Make sure your website matches the restaurant’s menu and target clientele. A fine-dining place on Manhattan will have a different website than a simple (but delicious!) diner in rural Wisconsin.

Here are a few key details to include on your restaurant website:

• Clear navigation bar
• Restaurant details
• Menu for food and drinks
• Location and directions
• Contact details
• Upcoming events

To get started, check out this free tutorial on how to build a restaurant website with HTML and CSS .

To build a parallax website, you will include fixed background images that stay in place when you scroll down the page.

Although the parallax look isn’t as popular or modern as it was a few years back, web designers still use the effect a lot.

The easiest way to build a parallax HTML and CSS project is to start with a fixed background image for the entire page.

After that, you can experiment with parallax effects for individual sections.

Create 3-5 sections for your page, fill them with content, and set a fixed background image for 1-2 sections of your choice.

Word of warning: Don’t overdo it. Parallax effects can be distracting, so only use them as a subtle accent where suitable.

Here’s an example project with HTML and CSS source code:

See the Pen CSS-Only Parallax Effect by Yago Estévez ( @yagoestevez ) on CodePen .

404 error pages are usually boring and generic, right?

But when a visitor can’t find what they’re searching for, you don’t want them to leave your website.

Instead, you should build a custom 404 error page that’s helpful and valuable, and even fun and entertaining.

A great 404 page can make users smile and – more importantly – help them find what they are looking for. Your visitors will appreciate your effort, trust me.

For some inspiration, check out these custom 404 page examples .

Any web developer will tell you that having a strong portfolio is essential to landing your first job.

Your portfolio is a chance to show off your skills and demonstrate your expertise in front-end web development.

And while there are many ways to create a portfolio website, building one from scratch using HTML and CSS will give you tons of valuable practice.

Your first version can be a single-page portfolio. As your skills improve, continue adding new pages, content, and features. Make this your pet project!

Remember to let your personality shine through, too. It will help you stand out from the crowd of other developers who are vying for the same jobs.

Introduce yourself and share a few details about your experience and future plans.

Employers and clients want to see how you can help them solve problems. Thus, present your services and emphasize the solutions you can deliver with your skills.

Add your CV and share a link to your GitHub account to showcase your most relevant work samples.

Make sure to embed a few key projects directly on your portfolio website, too.

Finally, let your visitors know how to get in touch with you easily. If you want, you can add links to your social media accounts, too.

In this project, you’ll create a simple blog post page using HTML and CSS.

You’ll need to design the layout of the page, add a title, a featured image, and of course add some content to your dummy blog post.

You can also add a sidebar with a few helpful links and widgets, like:

• An author bio with a photo
• Links to social media profiles
• List of most recent blog posts
• List of blog post categories

Once your HTML structure and content are in place, it’s time to style everything with CSS.

Photography website with a gallery

If you’re a photographer or just enjoy taking pictures, then this project is for you.

Build a simple photo gallery website using HTML and CSS to practice your web design skills.

Start with the basic HTML structure of the page, and figure out a cool layout grid for the photos. You will need to embed the photos and style everything beautiful with CSS.

My tip: Use CSS Flexbox and media queries to create a responsive galleries that look great on all devices.

Here’s a full tutorial for building a gallery website with HTML and CSS:

If you love music, why not practice your HTML and CSS skills by building a music store web page?

Before you start, make a thorough plan about your website structure. What’s the purpose of your music store? What genres will you cover?

Pick a suitable color palette, choose your fonts, and any background images you want to use.

My tip: If you feature album cover images, keep your colors and fonts as clean and simple as possible. You don’t want to overpower the album covers with a busy web page with tons of different colors and mismatching fonts.

Create a user-friendly menu and navigation inside the header. Fill the footer with helpful links for your store, career page, contact details, and newsletter form, for example.

Building a music store website with HTML and CSS is a great opportunity to practice your skills while you are still learning.

Start with very basic features, and add new ones as your skills improve. For example, you can add media queries to make your website responsive.

A forum is a great way to create a community around a topic or interest, and it’s also a great way to practice your coding skills.

In this project, you’ll create a simple forum website using HTML and CSS.

You’ll need to design the layout of the site, add categories and forums, and set up some initial content.

Of course, you should start with creating the basic layout and structure with HTML first. You will need a navigation bar, at least one sidebar, and an area for the main content.

To make your discussion forum website more interesting, add new content and remember to interlink related threads to make the site feel more realistic.

Event or conference web page

Creating a web page for an event is a fun HTML and CSS project for beginners.

You can either pick a real event and build a better landing page than the real one, or come up with an imaginary conference, for example.

Make sure to include these elements:

• Register button
• Venue details
• Dates and schedule
• Speakers and key people
• Directions (how to get there)
• Accommodation details

Divide the landing page into sections, and create a header and a footer with menus and quick links.

Come up with a suitable color palette, pick your fonts, and keep your design clean and clear.

Every programming language, software, device and gadget has a technical documentation for helpful information and support.

Creating a technical documentation website with just HTML and CSS allows you to build a multi-page site with hierarchies, links, and breadcrumbs.

The main idea is to create a multi-page website where you have a sidebar menu on the left, and the content on the right.

The left-hand side contains a vertical menu with all the topics your documentation covers.

The right-hand side presents the description and all the details for each individual topic.

For simplicity, start with the homepage and 2–3 subpages first. Come up with a clean layout and make sure your links are working properly.

Then, start expanding the website with additional sub-pages, content, and elements.

• HTML hyperlinks and buttons

Creating an online recipe book as an HTML and CSS project requires a similar setup than the previous project example.

You will need to create a homepage that serves as a directory for all your recipes. Then, create a separate subpage for each recipe.

If you want to challenge yourself, add recipe categories and create separate directory pages for each of them.

• embedding recipe photos

One of the best ways to practice HTML and CSS is to clone an existing web page from scratch.

Use your browser’s inspecting tools to get an idea of how the page is built.

As with any HTML and CSS project, start by creating the basic page template with:

Then, divide your page into sections, rows, and columns.

Finally, fill your page with individual elements like headings, paragraphs, and images.

Once the HTML content is in place, use CSS to style your page.

Start with something simple, like the PayPal login page.

Then move on to more demanding cloning projects, such as a news website. Try the BBC homepage, for example.

Where to learn HTML and CSS?

There are no prerequisites required for you to learn HTML and CSS.

Both languages are easy to learn for beginners, and you can start building real-life projects almost right away.

Here are a few courses to check out if you want to learn HTML and CSS online at your own pace:

1: Build Responsive Real World Websites with HTML5 and CSS3

Build Responsive Real World Websites with HTML5 and CSS3 was my first online web development course focused 100% on HTML and CSS.

You don’t need any coding or web development experience for this course. But if you have watched some online tutorials but you’re not sure how to create a full-scale website by yourself, you are going to love it.

2: The Complete Web Developer Course 2.0

The Complete Web Developer Course 2.0 changed my life back when I started learning web development.

This course takes you from zero to knowing the basics of all fundamental, popular web development tools. You’ll learn:

• HTML and CSS
• JavaScript and jQuery
• and much more

3: Modern HTML & CSS From The Beginning (Including Sass)

I’m a big fan of Brad Traversy, and I really can’t recommend his Modern HTML & CSS From The Beginning course enough.

Even if you have never built a website with HTML and CSS before, this course will teach you all the basics you need to know.

4: The Complete 2023 Web Development Bootcamp

One of my most recent favorites, The Complete 2023 Web Development Bootcamp by Dr. Angela Yu is one of the best web development courses for beginners I’ve come across.

If you’re not quite sure what area or language to specialize in, this course is the perfect place to try a handful of tools and programming languages on a budget.

5: Learn HTML (Codecademy)

Learn HTML is a free beginner-level course that walks you through the fundamentals with interactive online lessons.

Codecademy also offers a plethora of other web development courses. Check out their full course catalog here .

6: Responsive Web Design (freeCodeCamp)

The Responsive Web Design certification on FreeCodeCamp is great for learning all the basics of web development from scratch for free.

You start with HTML and CSS to get the hang of front-end web dev fundamentals. Then, you start learning new tools and technologies to add to your toolkit, one by one.

Also, check out these roundups with helpful web development courses:

• 27 Best Web Development Courses (Free and Paid)
• 20+ Web Development Books for Beginners
• 120+ Free Places to Learn to Code (With No Experience)
• 100+ Web Development Tools and Resources

Final thoughts: HTML and CSS project ideas for beginners

There you go!

When it comes to learning HTML and CSS, practice really makes perfect. I hope you found a few inspirational ideas here to start building your next project right away.

Learning HTML and CSS may seem intimidating at first, but when you break it down into small, less-intimidating projects, it’s really not as hard as you might think.

HTML and CSS are easy to learn. You can use them to create really cool, fun projects – even if you are new to coding.

Try these beginner-level HTML and CSS project ideas to improve your front-end web development skills starting now. Do your best to build them without following tutorials.

Remember to add your projects to your portfolio website, too.

It’s possible to learn how to code on your own, and it’s possible to land your first developer job without any formal education or traditional CS degree.

It all boils down to knowing how to apply your skills by building an awesome portfolio of projects like the ones above.

So, which project will you build first? Let me know in the comments below!

Once you feel comfortable with HTML and CSS, it’s time to start learning and practising JavaScript .

To get started, check out my guide with 20+ fun JavaScript projects ideas for beginners . I’ll see you there!

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About mikke.

Hi, I’m Mikke! I’m a blogger, freelance web developer, and online business nerd. Join me here on MikkeGoes.com to learn how to code for free , build a professional portfolio website , launch a tech side hustle , and make money coding . When I’m not blogging, you will find me sipping strong coffee and biking around town in Berlin. Learn how I taught myself tech skills and became a web dev entrepreneur here . And come say hi on Twitter !

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Learn HTML Basics for Beginners in Just 15 Minutes

If you want to build a website, the first language that you need to learn is HTML.

In this article, we are going to go through the basics of HTML. At the end, we are going to build a basic website using only HTML.

Here's a video you can watch if you want to supplement this article:

What Is HTML?

HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is a pretty simple language. It consists of different elements which we use to structure a web page.

What Are HTML Elements?

The element usually starts with an opening tag, which consists of the name of the element. It's wrapped in opening and closing angle brackets. The opening tag indicates where the element begins.

Similar to the opening tag, the closing tag is also wrapped in opening and closing angle brackets. But it also includes a forward slash before the element's name.

Everything inside the opening and closing tags is the content.

But not all elements follow this pattern. We call those that don't empty elements. They only consist of a single tag or an opening tag that cannot have any content. These elements are typically used to insert or embed something in the document.

For example, the <img> element is used to embed an image file, or the <input> element is used to insert an input onto the page.

In the example above, the <img> element only consists of one tag that does not have any content. This element is used to insert an image file from Unsplash in the document.

How to Nest HTML Elements

Elements can be placed inside other elements. This is called Nesting. In the example above, inside the <div> element we have an <h4> element and an <ul> or unordered list element. And Similarly inside the <ul> element, there are 3 <li> or list item elements.

Basic nesting is quite straight-forward to understand. But when the page gets larger, nesting can become complicated.

Therefore, before working with HTML, think about the layout structure you would like to have. You can draw it out on a piece of paper or in your mind. It will help a lot.

What are HTML Attributes?

Elements also have attributes, which contain extra information about the element that will not appear in the content.

In the example above, the <img> element has 2 attributes: src or source to specify the path of the image, and width to specify the width of the image in pixels.

With this example, you can see the following characteristics of attributes:

• There is a space between attributes and the element name
• Attributes are added in the opening tag
• Elements can have many attributes
• Attributes usually have a name and a value: name=“value”

But not every attribute has the same pattern. Some can exist without values, and we call them Boolean Attributes.

In this example, if we want to disable the button, all we have to do is pass a disabled attribute without any values. This means that the presence of the attribute represents the true value, otherwise, the absence represents the false value.

Common HTML elements

There are in total more than 100 elements. But 90% of the time you will only use around 20 of the most common. I have put them into 5 groups:

Section elements

These elements are used to organize the content into different sections. They are usually self-explanatory, for example, <header> usually represents a group of the introduction and navigation section, <nav> represents the section that contains navigation links, and so on.

Text content

These elements are used to organize content or text blocks. They are important to accessibility and SEO. They tell the browser the purpose or structure of the content.

These elements can be used together to create forms that users can fill out and submit. Forms might be the trickiest part of HTML.

Images and Links

These elements are used to insert an image or create a hyperlink.

These elements are used to add a break to the webpage.

You can find all the elements on developer.mozilla.org . But for beginners, you just need to know the most common ones.

Block-level vs inline HTML elements

By default, an element can be either block-level or an inline element.

Block-level elements are the elements that always start on a new line and take up the full width available.

Inline elements are the elements that do not start on a new line and it only take up as much width as necessary.

Two elements that represent block-level and inline elements, respectively, are <div> and <span> . In this example, you can see that the <div> elements takes 3 lines, whereas the <span> element only takes up 1 line.

But the question is: how do we know which ones are block-level elements and which ones are inline elements? Well, unfortunately you need to remember them. The easiest way is to remember which are inline elements – and the rest are block elements.

If we look back at the most common HTML elements, inline elements include: <span>, <input>, <button>, <label>, <textarea>, <img>, <a>, <br> .

How to comment in HTML

The purpose of comments is to include notes in the code to explain your logic or simply to organize your code.

HTML comments are wrapped in the special markers: <!-- and --> and they are ignored in the browser.

How to use HTML entities

What if you want to show the text: the <p> tag defines a paragraph. , but the browser interprets <p> as an opening tag for a new element? In this case, we can use HTML entities like in the following example:

How to use emoji in HTML

In the modern web, we can display emoji in HTML pretty easily, like this: 👻

Common beginner mistakes in HTML

1. tags/element names.

Tags/Element names are cAse-inSensitive. This means that they can be written in lowercase or uppercase, but it is recommended that you write everything in lowercase: <button> not <ButTon> .

2. Closing tag

Failing to include a closing tag is a common beginner error. Therefore, whenever you create an opening tag, immediately put in a closing tag.

This is wrong:

The tags have to open and close in a way that they are inside or outside one another.

4. Single quotes and Double quotes

You cannot mix single quotes and double-quotes. You should always use double quotes and use HTML entities if needed.

How to build a simple website with HTML

Individual HTML elements are not enough to create a website. So let's see what more we need to build a simple website from scratch.

How to create an HTML document

First, let's open Visual Studio Code (or your favorite code editor). In the folder of your choice, create a new file and name it index.html.

In the index.html file, type ! (exclamation mark) and press enter. You will see something like this:

This is the minimal code that an HTML document should have to make up a website. And here we have:

• <!DOCTYPE html> : First we have Doctype. For some weird historical reason in HTML we have to include the doctype for everything to work correctly.
• <html lang="en"></html> : The <html> element wraps all the content on the page, also known as the root element. And we should always include the lang attribute to declare the language of the page.
• <head></head> : The <head> element is a container for everything you want to include, but not content that you show to your users.
• <meta charset="UTF-8" /> : The first meta element is used to set the character set to be UTF-8, which includes most characters from written languages.
• <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> : The second meta element specifies the browser viewport. This setting is for a mobile-optimized site.
• <title>Document</title> : This is the <title> element. It sets the title of the page.
• <body></body> : The <body> element contains all the content on the page.

How to build a pancake recipe page

Alright, now that we have the starter code, let's build a pancake recipe page. We are going to use the content from this AllRecipes Page .

First, let's give the <title> element content of the pancakes recipe. You will see the text on the web page tab change. In the <body> element, let's create 3 elements: <header> , <main> and <footer> representing 3 sections.

1. Build the header section

In the header, we want to have the logo and the navigation. Therefore, let's create a div with the content ALL RECIPE for the logo.

For the navigation, let's use the <nav> element. Within the <nav> element, we can use <ul> to create an unordered list. We want to have 3 <li> elements for 3 links: Ingredients, Steps, and Subscribe. The header code looks like this:

2. Build the Main Section

In the main section, first, we want to have a title and an image. We can use h1 for the title and <img> for the image (we can use an image from Unsplash for free):

Next, we want to list all the ingredients. We can use <ol> to create an ordered list and <input type="checkbox" /> to create a checkbox.

But before that, we can use <h2> to start a new content block. We also want to add the id attribute for <h2> so that the link in the navigation knows where to go:

After the ingredients, we want to list all the steps. We can use <h4> for the step heading and <p> for the step content:

Alright, now that we are done with the main section, let's move on to the footer section.

3. Build the Footer Section

In the footer, we want to have a subscribe form and copyright text.

For the subscribe form, we can use the <form> element. Inside it, we can have an <input type="text"> for text input and a <button> for the submit button.

For the copyright text, we can simply use a <div> . Notice here, we can use the HTML entity $copy; for the copyright symbol.

We can add <br> to add some space between the subscribe form and the copyright text:

Alright now we are done! Here is the full code for reference:

You can build a simple website with just HTML. But to be able to build beautiful and functional websites, you need to study CSS and JavaScript.

You can follow me on social media or Youtube for future updates on these topics. But meanwhile, you can check out the freeCodeCamp Curriculum to practice HTML by solving small tasks.

Otherwise, stay happy coding and see you in future posts 👋. __________ 🐣 About me __________

• I am the founder of DevChallenges
• Subscribe to my Channel
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• Join Discord

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• HTML Tutorial
• HTML Exercises
• HTML Attributes
• Global Attributes
• Event Attributes
• HTML Interview Questions
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• Color Picker
• A to Z Guide
• HTML Formatter
• 10 HTML Project Ideas & Topics For Beginners [2024]

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Learning to code is always exciting and fun for everyone and when it comes to stepping into the programming world most of the people start with the easiest thing HTML and CSS . Every beginner’s coding journey in frontend starts with these two basic building blocks and you need to be creative when it comes to designing a beautiful application. 

Initially, beginners enjoy making buttons, adding the links, adding images, working with layout and a lot of cool stuff in web designing but when it comes to making a project using only HTML and CSS they get stuck and confuse about what they should make to practice all these stuff. Afterall their knowledge is just limited to HTML and CSS. No matter what after learning everything at some point you will realize that making a project is important to practice HTML and CSS skills. You need to check how HTML and CSS work together to design a beautiful frontend application. So the question is what are some beginner-friendly projects you can build to practice everything you have learned…Let’s discuss that.  

1. A Tribute Page

The simplest website you can make as a beginner is a tribute page of someone you admire in your life. It requires only basic knowledge of HTML and CSS. Make a webpage writing about that person adding his/her image. On the top of the webpage, add the image and name of the person and below that give layout for the rest of the details. You can use paragraphs, lists, links, images with CSS to give it a descent look. Add a suitable background color and font style on your webpage. Most of the parts you can make using HTML but to give it a better look using a bit of CSS. Take help from the link given below. 

• My Tribute Page

2. Webpage Including Form

Forms are always an essential part of any project and you will be working with a lot of forms in most of the applications so why not practice it earlier and test your knowledge. Once you get familiar with the input field or basic tags in HTML to create a form make a project using all those tags. How to use a text field, checkbox, radio button, date, and other important elements in a single form. You will be learning how to give a proper structure to a webpage while creating a form. Knowledge of HTML / HTML5 is good enough but you can use a bit of CSS to make the project look better. Take help from the links given below. 

• Survey Form

3. Parallax Website

A parallax website includes fixed images in the background that you can keep in place and you can scroll down the page to see different parts of the image. With basic knowledge of HTML and CSS, you can give a parallax effect to a website. Using the parallax effect in web designing is really popular and it gives beautiful look and feels to the webpage. Give it a try and divide the whole page into three to four different sections. Set 3-4 background images, align the text for different sections, set margin and padding, add background-position and other CSS elements and properties to create a parallax effect. You can take help from the link given below. 

• Parallax Website

4. Landing Page

A landing page is another good project you can make using HTML and CSS but it requires a solid knowledge of these two building blocks. You will be using lots of creativity while making a landing page. You will practice how to add footer and header, create columns, align-items, divide the sections and a lot of things. You will have to use CSS carefully keeping in mind that different elements do not overlap with each other. You will also take care of color combinations, padding, margin, space between sections, paragraphs, and boxes. Color combinations should go well with each other for different sections or backgrounds.

5. Restaurant Website

Showcase your solid knowledge of HTML and CSS creating a beautiful webpage for a restaurant. Making a layout for a restaurant will be a bit complicated than previous project examples. You will be aligning the different food items and drinks using a CSS layout grid. You will be adding prices, images and you need to give it a beautiful look and feel as well using the proper combination of colors, font-style and images. You can add pictures gallery for different food items, you can also add sliding images for a better look. Add links for redirection to internal pages. Make it responsive setting a viewport, using media queries and grid. You can take help from the link given below. 

• Restaurant Website

6. An Event or Conference Webpage

You can make a static page holding an event or conference. People who are interested in attending the conference create a register button for them. Mention different links for speaker, venue and schedule at the top in the header section. Describe the purpose of the conference or the category of people who can get benefit from this conference. Add an introduction and images of the speaker, venue detail and the main purpose of the conference on your webpage. Divide the page into sections, add header and footer showcasing the menu. Use proper background color that can go well with each other for various sections. Choose a descent font style and font color that matches the theme of your web page. It requires HTML/HTML5 and CSS knowledge in depth. You can take help from the link given below. 

• Event webpage

7. Music Store Page

If you are a music lover you can make a webpage for it. It requires HTML5 CSS3 knowledge. Add a suitable background image describing the purpose or what the page is all about. In the header section add different menus. Add buttons, links, images and some description about the collection of songs available. At the bottom mention the links for shopping, store, career or contact details. You can also add other features on your webpages such as a trial option, gift cards or subscription. Make it responsive setting viewport or using media queries and grid. You can take help from the link given below. 

8. Photography Site

If you have in-depth knowledge of HTML5 and CSS3, you can make a one-page responsive photography site. Use flexbox and media queries for responsiveness. Add the company name with an image (related to photography) on the top (landing page). Below that showcase your work adding multiple images. Mention the contact detail of the photographer at the bottom (footer). Add a button to view your work. This button will directly bring you down to the images section. You need to take care of the margin, padding, color combination, font-size, font-style, image size and styling of a button. You can take help from the link given below. 

• Image gallery

9. Personal Portfolio

With knowledge of HTML5 and CSS3, you can also create your portfolio. Showcase your work samples and skills in your portfolio with your name and pictures. You can also add your CV there and host your complete portfolio on GitHub account. In your header section mention some menus like about, contact, work or services. At the top add one of your images and introduce yourself there. Below that add some work samples and at last (footer) add contact information or social media account. You can take help from the links given below. 

• Simple portfolio
• Portfolio gallery

10. Technical Documentation

If you have a little bit of knowledge of Javascript then you can create a webpage of technical documentation. It requires knowledge of HTML, CSS and basic javascript. Divide the whole webpage into two sections. The left side creates a menu with all the topics listed from top to bottom. Right side you need to mention the documentation or description for the topics. The idea is once you click on one of the topics in the left section it should load the content on the right. For click, you can use either javascript or CSS bookmark option. You don’t need to make it too fancy, just give it a simple and descent look, that looks good for technical documentation. You can take help from the links given below. 

• Technical Documentation

HTML is the foundation of webpages, is used for webpage development by structuring websites and web apps.You can learn HTML from the ground up by following this HTML Tutorial and HTML Examples .

CSS is the foundation of webpages, is used for webpage development by styling websites and web apps.You can learn CSS from the ground up by following this CSS Tutorial and CSS Examples .

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HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a language used for creating webpages which is the fundamental building block of the Web.

One thing to remember about HTML is that it is a markup language with no programming constructs. Instead, the language provides us with a structure to build web pages.

Using HTML, we can define web page elements such as paragraphs, headings, links, and images. Our HTML tutorials will teach you everything you need to know about HTML5 (modern HTML) step-by-step.

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11 Easy HTML & CSS Projects for Beginners

Author: daragh ó tuama.

If you are a new coder who has just started learning HTML and CSS and wants to enhance your portfolio and refine your skills, you might wonder what kind of projects you should be working on. The good thing is that beginners can use a variety of projects to practice coding, develop their abilities, learn, and even start making money. Let’s explore some of the top HTML & CSS projects for beginners. 

What is HTML?

The common markup language used to create web pages and web apps is called  HyperText Markup Language .  Using a technique known as markup, HTML is used to define the layout of the web pages.

HTML5  even has a body and an online community that oversees the standards and best practices for front-end website development.

It is mainly made up of elements denoted by tags and serves as the foundation of any HTML page.

Early on, HTML dominated many visual elements, such as canvas, bold tags, and centre tags, but  CSS  eventually took over most of these functions.

What is CSS?

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is concerned with one thing, which is styling.  It functions by checking the appearance of items on a specific webpage, such as their colours and fonts, their positioning and a small amount of animation.

Parallax Website

Sticky notes, simple landing page, conference or event webpage, college fest website, photography website, restaurant website, tribute page, survey forms, technical documentation page, personal portfolio.

A parallax website has fixed backdrop graphics in the background that can be kept in place while you scroll down the page to view different parts of the picture. You can add a parallax effect to a website with just a little understanding of HTML and CSS. 

The parallax effect is widely used in web design and offers websites a lovely appearance and feel. First, try dividing the entire page into three or four separate portions. To create a parallax effect, adjust margin and padding, align the text for each segment, add background-position, and use other CSS elements and properties.

Creating sticky notes is one of the easy HTML projects for beginners. Without any graphics or JavaScript, sticky notes can smoothly animate and tilt. Opera, Safari, Firefox and Chrome all support this feature.

Coders can avoid writing some scripts by skillfully using the selector and CSS transforms and transitions. Additionally, using a custom font was made simple by Google’s Web Font API. Keyboard users can also see the outcomes by utilising both hovers and concentrating on the effect.

Making a stunning landing page simply requires knowledge of HTML and CSS. You’ll need to design columns and margins, arrange items in columns and boxes, and use both your HTML and artistic skills to produce an effective landing page.

A landing page requires a lot of ingenuity to create. You will practise adding a header and footer, making columns, aligning items, creating sections, and doing many other things. You must apply CSS with caution and bear in mind that various elements should not overlap one another. You will also be responsible for using colour contrasts, padding, margins, and spaces between paragraphs, sections, and boxes. Different sections or backdrops should have complementary colour schemes.

Static page websites make great CSS projects for beginners. You can create a static page that hosts a meeting or event. Create a register button for those who are planning to attend the conference. Mention various speakers, venues, and schedule links in the header area at the top. Give a brief description of the conference’s goals or the target audience for its benefits.

Your website includes an overview, the speaker’s headshots, venue information, and the conference’s primary goals. Section off the page and include header and footer with a menu. Use appropriate background colours that complement one another well for the different sections. Select a respectable font type and colour that matches the website’s theme.

The HTML responsive college festival website is a basic static website for handling college activities and programming. You can quickly promote your future activities and motivate the participants with the website’s assistance.

People can see the type of event that will take place at the college. They can also send their registration information for participating in the event here.

You can produce a responsive website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The user can easily examine the descriptions of the menu bar by clicking on it.

You can create a one-page dynamic photography website if you have an in-depth understanding of HTML5 and CSS3. For responsiveness: 

• Use media queries and flexbox. 
• Feature the business name and a photograph on the top landing page. 
• Showcase your work with many photographs below that. 
• Mention the photographer’s contact information at the bottom (footer). 
• To view your work, include a button. 

You can go straight to the photos section by pressing this button. The margin, padding, colour scheme, font size, font style, picture size, and button design are all important considerations.

This project offers you plenty of chances to show off your artistic abilities. As you can expect, a restaurant website needs to be sophisticated and provide a variety of functions.

You must first create an eye-catching website layout and add various features to it. This will include a menu, brief item descriptions, prices, appealing pictures of various foods, social media buttons, contact details, an option for making an online reservation, and other valuable information. Next, you can arrange the different foods and drinks and their associated pricing in a grid using CSS.

You must concentrate on using stylish layouts, clean font styles, and an eye-catching colour scheme while developing a restaurant website. You can add a photo gallery with rotating photographs of various foods to the website if you want to make it even fancier. To improve audience navigation, you can also provide important links on the website.

One of the simplest HTML projects you can create is a tribute page. It honours someone who motivates you, someone you revere. You only need a basic understanding of HTML principles to create a tribute page.

After building a website, you can add a photo of the person you’re honouring and information about their life, accomplishments, and other things. You are welcome to include some kind words in your message as well. Employing CSS for this project will be useful because it will allow you to integrate various styles and layouts. Make sure you choose a pleasing backdrop colour for the website.

As a beginner, you can create survey forms very easily. Forms are a common component of websites’ strategies for collecting user information. A well-designed survey form can assist you in gathering essential data about your target audiences, including their age, employment, geographic location, tastes and preferences, and pain concerns. This HTML assignment is an excellent opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of form design and webpage organisation.

Making a survey form is not difficult. You must become familiar with the fundamental HTML tags and input fields needed to create forms. Then, you can make a text field, checkbox, button, date, and other essential form components using the tags. CSS can be used to give your form and webpage a better appearance and feel.

You can create a technical documentation page if you are familiar with the fundamentals of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The main goal of this project is to develop a technical documentation page that allows users to click on any subject on the left side of the page and have the relevant content load on the right.

The project is a basic page of technical documentation and nothing fancy. You should divide the page into two sections to build this HTML project. The description of each topic will be on the right side, whereas the left side will feature a menu showing all the topics in top-to-bottom order. Javascript or CSS bookmarks can be used to incorporate the click function.

You can also make your portfolio if you are familiar with HTML5 and CSS3. In your portfolio, provide your name, images, and examples of your work and skills. Additionally, you may attach your CV and upload your entire portfolio on a GitHub account. 

Mention some menus in your headers, such as about, contact, job, or services pages. Add one of your photos and a brief bio to the header. Add some work samples after that, and then in the footer, including your contact information or social network accounts can be helpful.

All these projects will help you grow as a coder and website developer. Before moving on to more complicated languages like JavaScript or Python, it is advised to grasp HTML and CSS thoroughly. Join camps and take coding challenges  to master your skills.  For example, the video below shows you what you’ll learn on the free 5 Day Coding Challenge .

Get very comfortable with HTML and CSS projects while working on developing complicated projects. That’s because it’s crucial to understand the fundamentals before tackling more difficult terrain.

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Try our free 5 Day Coding Challenge and learn the basics of HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Your project will be to build your first web page. Register now through the form below.

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15 Top HTML Projects For Beginners [With Source Code]

Introduction, top html project ideas,  best html projects for beginners, 1. a tribute page, 2. a questionnaire, 3. technical documentation, 4. a landing page, 5. the event or conference web page, intermediate html projects with source code, 6. a website with a parallax effect,  7. your own portfolio, 8. restaurant’s official webpage, 9. music shop page, 10. a photography-related website, advanced html projects with source code, 11. whatsapp web clone, 12. clone of the bbc news website, 13. clone of the popular video-sharing site youtube, 14. netflix clone on the web, 15. the nike website clone, q1: why do we use html in projects, q2: where can i make html projects, q3: where can i run html code, additional resources.

As a web standard, HTML is required for web designers and developers who work on the Internet. Paragraphs, headers, hyperlinks, quotations, and pictures are all elements of HTML. Because it’s not a programming language, it doesn’t perform anything dynamic; it only helps with site structure and layout. The simplest code defines how each website component should be shown. 

Presentational instructions should be kept separate from semantic and structural markup, as advised by software best practices. Web developers cannot construct a website just using HTML. For a website to be aesthetically beautiful and effective, HTML data must be formatted using CSS or Javascript. HTML isn’t a programming language either. Looking for projects that will stand out in your portfolio? Within the following blog sections, you’ll discover various vital HTML projects for developers of all levels.

When it comes to creating your first HTML projects, it is usually an exciting and delightful experience for anybody who has even the smallest interest in computer programming. Newcomers to coding are generally curious about what type of projects they may work on to impress their employers, launch their own development firm, or impress their college peers.

Confused about your next job?

 When it comes to getting started in the coding world, most people choose to start with the most basic methods, HTML and CSS. As a result, when it comes to developing a unique application or website, you can make only static web pages because of thinking outside the box to stand out from the crowd of other developers who are also learning the same skills. In this manner, you may come up with innovative HTML projects!

You are about to embark on one of the most straightforward HTML projects you will ever do. As implied by the name, a tribute page is created to honor someone who has inspired you or to someone you adore and revere. To create a memorial page, you need to be familiar with the fundamentals of HTML. A tribute page is a web page which can be extended to many pages or sections. Make certain that the webpage’s background color is visually pleasing (use earthy tones or pastel colors).

Forms are often included on websites as part of their strategy for collecting client data. A well-designed survey form may assist you in obtaining valuable information about your target consumers, such as their age, work, location, taste and preference, and pain areas, all of which can be useful for your business. You may use this HTML project to test your abilities and knowledge to develop forms and organize a web page. 

You can create a technical documentation page if you have a working grasp of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The underlying concept of this project is to develop a technical documentation page where you can click on any subject on the page, and it will load the relevant material on the page. The project is a plain and easy technical documentation website; nothing particularly exciting about it. You must split the website into two sections to complete this HTML homework. You can use backend and fetch data from DB and make it full fledge project

The creation of a landing page demands a basic understanding of HTML and CSS. Making a landing page requires a lot of ingenuity. You will learn how to build a footer and header, construct columns, align objects, and separate sections. You must utilize CSS with caution so that elements do not overlap. You will also deal with color combinations, padding, margins, section, paragraph, and box spacing. Colors should blend effectively in various areas or backgrounds.

Once again, this is a simple project with which you may explore. It will entail the creation of a static page that will present the specifics of an event (conference, webinar, product launch, etc.). This project will need the use of both HTML and CSS.

To make the page seem more organized, break it into smaller sections. Selecting the appropriate font type, font color, and background color for each website portion is essential. Also, be sure to include a registration button to sign up for individuals interested in attending the event.

Rather than having moving graphics in the background, a parallax website has fixed images in the backdrop that you may stay in place while scrolling down the page to view various areas of the image. A newbie well-versed in HTML ideas may create a parallax website in a single day! An essential parallax website has a fixed picture in the backdrop and enables you to scroll up and down the page to view the various elements of that image from different perspectives. Divide the whole page into three to four separate pieces and see how it works for you. Create a parallax effect by using three or four background pictures, aligning the text for separate parts, adjusting margins and padding, and using background position and other CSS elements and attributes. 

Source Code: Parallax Website   

Working knowledge of HTML5 and CSS3 is required to construct a personal portfolio page on your website. Your web page will include the normal information found in a job portfolio, such as your name and picture, projects, special talents, and hobbies. You will complete this project to get credit for it. Additionally, you may include your CV and store the whole portfolio on GitHub using your GitHub account. GitHub accounts are free to use. You may provide a brief description of your professional career and hobbies at the top of the page, along with your picture, in the header section. You might provide a few examples of your work below this description. Finally, you may provide links to your social network profiles in the footer area. 

Source Code: Portfolio Website

To create a successful restaurant website, you must pay close attention to the use of attractive layouts, clean font styles, and an eye-catching color palette. Adding a picture gallery with rotating photographs of various food products to your website will make it even more appealing to visitors. You may also include relevant links on your website to assist your viewers in navigating across the site more effectively. 

Source Code: Restaurant Website

If you are a music enthusiast, you may create a website dedicated to your passion. A music shop website is an excellent place for music enthusiasts to try out new ideas. However, to construct this page, you must be familiar with the intricacies of HTML5 and CSS3. It is necessary to add an acceptable background picture to the music page and a brief explanation of what you will discover on this page before proceeding with the rest of the process. The top area of the website will have many menus that will list songs depending on various characteristics such as genre, year, performer, album, and so forth. 

Source Code: Music Store Website

The concept is to design a responsive one-page photography website. To create this photographic website, you will need to work with HTML5 and CSS3 once again, as you did before. You must pay attention to the margins, padding, colour combinations, font size, font-style, picture size, and button styling while designing a button. 

At this level, the projects will put practically all of the talents you’ve acquired over your career to the test. When compared to amateurs, HTML professionals often have an easier time generating knowledge, but there is still a lot to learn. These tasks are more complicated and require a longer period to accomplish. As a result, you will spend most of your time working on projects requiring full-stack software development and deployment after getting comfortable with the typical web development environment.

In terms of functionality, you will create an electronic program that functions just like a messaging app, such as Whatsapp. While you may personalize it to your liking, you should include text-based communication technology and data administration foundations.

The project story revolves around creating a website that performs in the same way as the original BBC News website. It would be best to take screenshots of the website’s interface, parts and features, and interactive components. There’s even an opportunity for you to express your individuality via the use of color.

The Youtube clone project is largely used to assess participants’ HTML, CSS, and Responsive design abilities. Users should establish channels and post videos, and these functionalities should be available. In addition, be sure to have text sections that allow for comments, as well as a search engine, on your website.

In this project, you will create a visually identical interface to the original while also including interactive components. In addition, you will need to include a search engine with the required criteria. Finally, a separate organization division should oversee the different payment plans and payment choices.

This project makes use of fundamental frameworks. You should include a search engine with filters in the clone and a marketing ambience that matches the original. Make sure you include a secure payment area that keeps consumers’ credit card and bank account information safe. Aesthetics are just as important as functionality for a business structure.

The learning doesn’t stop there. We reviewed some simple HTML project ideas that you may try out in this post, but the learning doesn’t stop there. The possibilities are endless: you may work on various other interactive projects and add complexity to them, merge any of these projects into a single project, and experiment with various tags. Building responsive real-world websites with HTML5 and CSS3 is a wonderful course to supplement your HTML knowledge and abilities. 

Ans: HTML has been utilized in front-end development for so many years that there are no alternative web development languages available on the market. However, HTML gives the Developer all the tags necessary to include anything on the website, such as a table, picture, or hyperlink, etc.

Ans: Create your first web page using Notepad or TextEditor like Sublime, atom etc by following the instructions below.

• Step 1: Open Notepad (PC) on Windows 8 or
• Open TextEdit in the first step (Mac). Next, open the Finder and go to Applications > TextEdit.
• Step 2: Compose a Small Amount of HTML.
• Step 3: Save the HTML Page
• Step 4: Open Your Browser and View the HTML Page.

Ans: The extension “. HTML” is used to store any file containing HTML code. All current browsers – including Google Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla Firefox – recognize and can read HTML files, so all you need to do is open one in your preferred Web browser.

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A Unified General Education Pathway

"...the transfer process is still unnecessarily complex, confusing and difficult for the majority of students to navigate." — Assembly Bill 928, The Student Transfer Achievement Reform (STAR) Act 2021

More than 50% of CSU students are transfer students, arriving primarily from the California Community Colleges system. In an effort to simplify their pathway to a four-year degree, the Student Transfer Achievement Reform Act (AB 928) creates a singular, lower-division General Education (GE) pattern for both California State University and University of California transfer admissions. This pattern, called Cal-GETC, was approved by all three higher education intersegmental partners via the Intersegmental Committee of Academic Senates in spring 2023. When Cal-GETC is implemented in fall 2025, it will become the only transfer GE pattern offered by California community colleges.

The STAR Act is meant to support student success and equity, helping to ease access, simplify advisement across segments, eliminate barriers and carve a clear path to a four-year degree across California's educational segments.

Recognizing a growing trend of first-time, first-year students arriving to the CSU with college credit, including 60% of CSU first-year applicants who have earned college credit, the Chancellor's Office has recommended a unified pathway. Historically, the CSU has had one unified GE pattern for all students—CSU GE Breadth. Changes to Title 5 California Code of Regulations ensure the CSU continues to provide one unified GE pattern whether students enroll as first-time, first-year students or transfer students.

GE Informational Webinar, April 15, 2024

An informational webinar was held on Monday, April 15, 2024 hosted by Interim Associate Vice Chancellor of Academic and Faculty Programs Laura Massa and Assistant Vice Chancellor and State University Dean Brent Foster. Questions posed in this webinar will be posted shortly.

On March 27, 2024, the CSU Board of Trustees approved proposed changes to Title 5 CSU General Education that modify CSU GE Breadth to mirror the Cal-GETC pattern and units.

The Chancellor’s Office will support campuses and faculty through the implementation processes, including through resources to support faculty release, written guidance and stipends for faculty effort during off-contract periods. Each campus will determine the application of units that are not included in Cal-GETC.

Changes to CSU General Education

The update to CSU GE removes five units from the GE pattern. It does this by:

• Including a one-unit laboratory for Biological or Physical Sciences
• Not including one of three Arts or Humanities courses (in Area C)
• Not including Area E, Lifelong Learning and Self-Development

The five units removed from GE will be returned to campuses to determine how to utilize.

About the Student Transfer Achievement Reform Act

Authored by Assemblymember Marc Berman and approved in 2021, Assembly Bill 928 consolidates two existing general education pathways for California Community College students into a single pathway to either the CSU or UC system. It also requires that community colleges place incoming students on an Associate Degree for Transfer (ADT) pathway, if one exists for their major, on or before August 1, 2024.

Key Terms and Definitions

What is Cal-GETC? Cal-GETC is a new GE pattern that will be implemented in fall 2025. As a result of its implementation, California Community Colleges will no longer offer the current CSU GE Breadth and Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) patterns.

What is IGETC? The Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum, or IGETC, is designed for the community college student who wants to be eligible to transfer to either the CSU or the UC systems. 

What is CSU GE Breadth? CSU GE Breadth is the current General Education pattern for all CSU students whether they are first-time first-year students or transfer students. Following the approval of the CSU Board of Trustees on March 27, 2024, starting in fall 2025 CSU GE will mirror Cal-GETC in areas and units.

What is an ADT? The Associate Degree for Transfer (ADT) allows California Community College students who meet the CSU's minimum eligibility requirements guaranteed priority admission to the CSU, though not necessarily to a particular campus or major. Students earn a two-year associate degree (no more than 60 units) that is fully transferrable towards a CSU bachelor's degree.

Additional Resources

GE Informational Seminar May 2023

AB 928 Bill Text

ADT Intersegmental Implementation Committee

The Intersegmental Committee of the Academic Senates (ICAS)

Frequently Asked Questions

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Over 100 Arrested at Columbia After Pro-Palestinian Protest

The university called in the police to empty an encampment of demonstrators. But students have vowed to stay, no matter the consequences.

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By Sharon Otterman and Alan Blinder

• April 18, 2024

More than 100 students were arrested on Thursday after Columbia University called in the police to empty an encampment of pro-Palestinian demonstrators, fulfilling a vow to Congress by the school’s president that she was prepared to punish people for unauthorized protests.

“I took this extraordinary step because these are extraordinary circumstances,” the president, Nemat Shafik, wrote in a campuswide email on Thursday afternoon.

The president’s decision swiftly sharpened tensions on campus, which has been battered for months by boisterous pro-Palestinian demonstrations that many Jewish people regarded as antisemitic. And it stood to become a milestone for the country, as campuses have been torn by the Israel-Hamas war and grappled with how to manage protests.

What was far less clear was whether the harsher tactics would form an updated playbook for officials struggling to calm restive campuses, or do little besides infuriate and inflame.

Protesters had already promised that any effort to dismantle the encampment would only embolden them.

Dr. Shafik’s message arrived as swarms of New York City police officers, clad in riot gear and bearing zip ties, marched on the encampment of about 50 tents that had sprung up earlier in the week. On Thursday, protesters clutched Palestinian flags, demonstrators sat huddled on the ground and a thicket of onlookers kept watch as officers bore down on tents in the zone that had styled itself as the “Gaza Solidarity Encampment.”

“Since you have refused to disperse, you will now be placed under arrest for trespassing,” a man repeatedly called through a loudspeaker. The protesters responded with their own repeated cry: “Columbia, Columbia, you will see — Palestine will be free!”

Mayor Eric Adams said on Thursday evening that while Columbia has a “proud history of protest,” students did not “have a right to violate university policies and disrupt learning.”

Less than an hour later, at least two buses were filled with arrested protesters, while other demonstrators thundered their displeasure toward officers. Among those arrested, according to police, was Isra Hirsi, the daughter of Representative Ilhan Omar, Democrat from Minnesota. Ms. Hirsi was issued a summons for trespassing.

“They can threaten us all they want with the police, but at the end of the day, it’s only going to lead to more mobilization,” Maryam Alwan, a senior and pro-Palestinian organizer on campus, had said before the arrests.

Barnard College, across the street from Columbia and so closely linked to the university that the two institutions share dining halls, said it had begun issuing interim suspensions against its students who participated in the encampment.

“Now and always, we prioritize our students’ learning and living in an inclusive environment free from harassment,” Barnard said in its own campus message. “Given the evolving circumstances at Columbia and in the area, we are working to ensure the safety and well-being of the entire Barnard community.”

The core of the turmoil, though, was at Columbia.

Etched into Columbia’s history is the brutal police crackdown that its administrators authorized in 1968 against student protesters who were occupying academic buildings. The fallout from the violence tarnished the school’s reputation and led it to adopt reforms in favor of student activism.

Now, the university points proudly to that activism as one of the hallmarks of its culture, and markets it to prospective students. On Thursday, Dr. Shafik insisted that university officials “work hard to balance the rights of students to express political views with the need to protect other students from rhetoric that amounts to harassment and discrimination.”

In recent months, she and administrators across the country have felt that tension acutely, as the federal government opened investigations into the handling of bias claims at dozens of schools, Congress subpoenaed records and court dockets filled with lawsuits.

Columbia, with roughly 5,000 Jewish students and a vibrant strain of support for the Palestinian cause, has drawn particular attention, which led to the appearances by Dr. Shafik and three other Columbia leaders on Capitol Hill on Wednesday.

During her testimony, Dr. Shafik said she had been frustrated “that Columbia’s policies and structures were sometimes unable to meet the moment,” and said the university had updated many of them. Some of those changes include limiting protests to certain times of day and to designated spots on campus.

Columbia’s tightened rules were being tested even as Dr. Shafik testified. By 7:15 p.m. on Wednesday, Columbia said, the university had issued a written warning to students in the encampment: They had 105 minutes to leave or they would face suspension.

Administrators also deployed intermediaries to try to defuse the showdown, only, they said, to have those entreaties rejected.

In a statement before the arrests, Apartheid Divest, a coalition of student groups, said that protesters planned to remain until the university acceded to its demands, including that the university cut its financial ties to Israel. And while Dr. Shafik’s decision drew immediate criticism from the protesters and their allies, others on and around Columbia’s campus had signaled that they would support a crackdown.

“They have guidelines and if they are violating them, I don’t see why this is a special circumstance,” said Ami Nelson, a student.

Since the Oct. 7 Hamas attacks on Israel, administrators at Columbia had tried to calibrate their approaches to the demonstrations, balancing free-speech rights with the security of Jewish students.

But before the Republican-led House Committee on Education and the Workforce on Wednesday, Dr. Shafik and other Columbia leaders signaled a tougher approach. The co-chair of the university’s board, Claire Shipman, declared that there was “a moral crisis on our campus.” And Dr. Shafik went so far as to detail some of the disciplinary actions underway, including suspensions and firings.

That conciliatory approach toward House Republicans infuriated many on campus.

In New York, some students and faculty members complained that university leaders had largely kowtowed to a Congress whose insistent questioning helped fuel the recent resignations by the presidents of Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania.

There has been no indication that Dr. Shafik, who took office last July, has lost the confidence of Columbia’s board. Thursday’s tactics, though, showed how much more aggressive she has become in her campaign to quell protests.

Five days after the attack on Israel, hundreds of protesters gathered on the campus, and the university shut its gates — a step that has now become familiar as protests have flared. Weeks later, Columbia suspended a pair of student groups, Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace, in connection with an unauthorized student walkout.

The university rolled out a protest policy in February that was designed to curtail demonstrations, and this month, Dr. Shafik announced suspensions of students who had helped organize an event that included open expressions of support for Hamas.

“This is a challenging moment and these are steps that I deeply regret having to take,” Dr. Shafik wrote on Thursday.

Tents were removed later that day. But within hours, another protest had formed on the lawn and new tents were up.

Reporting was contributed by Olivia Bensimon , Anna Betts , Karla Marie Sanford, Stephanie Saul and Chelsia Rose Marcius

Sharon Otterman is a Times reporter covering higher education, public health and other issues facing New York City. More about Sharon Otterman

Alan Blinder is a national correspondent for The Times, covering education. More about Alan Blinder

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Nc school suspends student who used term 'illegal alien' in classroom.

The family of a 16-year-old student who was reportedly suspended for using the phrase "illegal alien" when asking for clarification about an assignment is working with an attorney in hopes of removing the infraction from his record, fearing it could harm his future. 

As  The Carolina Journal reported Monday, Leah McGhee's son Christian attends Central Davidson High School in North Carolina, part of the Davidson County Schools system. 

According to an email sent to local officials and shared with the outlet, the school suspended the student for three days after a young man in the teenager's English class became offended at the use of the word "illegal alien." 

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McGhee used the term after the teacher issued a vocabulary assignment that used the word "alien," prompting the teenager to ask, "Like space aliens or illegal aliens without green cards?"

The student who took offense reportedly threatened to fight McGhee's son, and the teacher called the assistant principal, according to The Carolina Journal. The administration later determined McGhee's conduct was disrespectful to Hispanic students, and he was suspended for three days.

"I didn't make a statement directed towards anyone; I asked a question," the student reportedly told the outlet. "I wasn't speaking of Hispanics because everyone from other countries needs green cards, and the term 'illegal alien' is an actual term that I hear on the news and can find in the dictionary."

The McGhee family sought help from an attorney to have the incident removed from the teenager's record.

The high school student participates in various school clubs, including cross country and track, and is trying to secure an athletic scholarship for college, according to the report.

"Because of his question, our son was disciplined and given THREE days OUT of school suspension for 'racism,'" Leah McGhee is quoted as saying. "He is devastated and concerned that the racism label on his school record will harm his future goal of receiving a track scholarship. We are concerned that he will fall behind in his classes due to being absent for three consecutive days." 

According to the mother, the school's assistant principal has refused to remove the suspension from her son's record.

Davidson County Schools and Central Davidson High School did not immediately respond to The Christian Post's request for comment. 

In response to a Tuesday email from  Newsweek , a Central Davidson High School staff member said federal student privacy protections prohibit the faculty from discussing the student.

"Please know that Davidson County Schools administrators take all discipline incidents seriously and investigate each one thoroughly," the staff member said in the statement. "Any violation of the code of conduct is handled appropriately by administrators."

According to the student  handbook , a student must have an "informal hearing" with the principal before the school can issue a short-term suspension. During the hearing, students are informed of the accusations against them, and they have the chance to make statements in their defense.

As the handbook explains, the purpose of the procedures for suspensions is to "ensure that any student who is to be suspended is afforded due process of law."

"The principal may impose a short-term suspension without first providing the student with an opportunity for a hearing if the presence of the student (1) creates a direct and immediate threat to the safety of other students or staff or (2) substantially disrupts or interferes with the education of other students or the maintenance of discipline at the school," the handbook states. "In such cases, the principal shall give the student notice of the charges and an opportunity for an informal hearing as soon as practicable."

Samantha Kamman is a reporter for The Christian Post. She can be reached at:  [email protected] . Follow her on Twitter:  @Samantha_Kamman

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We teach the Bible to public school students. Critics should stop freaking out about it.

Families deserve the freedom to send their public school students to private religious classes. parents want it. students enjoy it..

The red bus arrives at Beechwood Elementary School in Whitehall, Ohio, throughout the day. About 15 students pile on each time, then it drives a few blocks to a church down the street. For the next 40 minutes, the students learn basic biblical teaching alongside virtues such as honesty, integrity and kindness.

When the lessons are over, they get on the bus and head back to school to finish the day.

All told, about 500 kids in the school district participate each week. They’re engaged and their parents are thrilled, which is why they keep coming back and even bring friends.

This scene plays out weekly at more than 300 public schools in 12 states , reaching more than 30,000 kids. That’s a huge increase from the two schools our organization started with in 2019; and this year, we may grow by hundreds more.

The schools can be found in major cities, suburban communities and rural towns, reflecting the fact that Christian families live everywhere. When told that their kids can receive religious education during the school day, many parents jump at the opportunity. They want their values to infuse their children’s formation, not only on Sundays but throughout the week. More than 75% of participants in a national survey conducted for our organization by RMG Research said they want moral and character education in public schools.

But some people don’t want that. As our organization has grown, we’ve faced pushback from a small number of critics, especially teachers unions.

The news media also have weighed in. This month, MSNBC broadcast a report critical of our work, and in March, it was NBC News that gave a platform to those who claim we're indoctrinating public schools students in religious dogma and molding today's students into tomorrow's right-wing voters.

We teach students to love their neighbors

And I thought we were helping young minds understand what it means to love your neighbor as yourself.

The attacks share a common denominator, accusing us of shattering the separation of church and state. But no one exemplifies the separation of church and state more than us.

Trump is selling Bibles: I hope Trump reads about welcoming immigrants in the Bibles he's peddling

We’re following rules outlined by the Supreme Court in the 1952 case Zorach v. Clauson . The court ruled that public school students could receive religious instruction during the school day so long as three conditions are met.

First, the teaching can’t happen on school grounds. Second, it can’t be funded with taxpayer money. Third, parents must approve before their children participate.

Supreme Court has set rules we must follow

We follow these rules to the letter because that’s what the Constitution and human dignity demand. For those reasons, the attacks against us are laughable.

We’re told the Bible has no place in school. No problem: We teach it outside of school.

We’re told public school teachers shouldn’t teach religion. No problem: We use volunteers who aren’t on the public payroll.

We’re told that parents shouldn’t be forced to send their kids to religion class. Not possible: We go only to schools where the community expresses interest, and teach only those students whose parents give their express consent.

Many of these families don’t have the money to send their kids to a religious school. Many live in communities that don’t have religious schools. We help them pass on their values to their children in a form of school choice. Best of all, it can exist where traditional school choice doesn’t.

The real goal of these attacks is to stifle more schools from working with us. As part of our mission, we ask state lawmakers and local school boards to pass policies that adhere to the Supreme Court’s guidance. Many states have laws on the books, some better than others, that allow off-campus religious instruction .

Some states say public schools “may” release students for religious instruction, but the better laws say public schools “shall” do so if parents request it. That’s the best way for public schools to give families the choices they want, while respecting the wishes of those who want nothing to do with religion.

Americans want a religious president. They just don't see Trump or Biden that way.

Sadly, the fearmongering about church and state has worked in some places. A small number of school boards have repealed their religious release policies after a local media story or activist campaign.

We’ve even seen people set up public school “ Satan Clubs ” in what appears to be an attempt to stoke an overreaction from religious parents. They know the easiest way to block a Satan Club is to have the school board repeal the policy that allows outside religious education. But we don’t mind competing with a Satan Club. We’re confident that Jesus Christ will win.

Families deserve the freedom to send their public school students to private religious classes. Parents want it. Students enjoy it. And in the schools where we operate, teachers routinely thank us for it, because evidence shows that our character-based teaching increases attendance and decreases suspensions.

It says a lot that so many families are flocking to the Bible-based teaching we provide. It says a lot more that so few people want to stop them.

Joel Penton is founder and CEO of LifeWise Academy .

Milton High Archaeology class finds Holocene era remains on school grounds

Milton High School archaeology students have uncovered items on school grounds from the most recent periods of the late Holocene epoch, when the beverage species Mello Yello first emerged as a savage annihilator of thirst.

OK, they're not peeling back centuries at Milton High School. But they are peeling back the decades and learning the scientific method and specific archaeological practices. (And yes, they did dig up an old Mello Yello can, first introduced in 1979. And, duh, we're in the Holocene epoch. But you knew that.)

The dig trench, on a 2-meter by 4-meter grid plot on grassy school grounds on Stewart Street , has been ongoing throughout the school year, with students from Steven Ramirez's anthropology/archaeology class working alongside University of West Florida graduate students and the Florida Public Archaeology Network.

"We're not expecting to find anything of a real historical nature, or historically profound," Ramirez said. "But the archaeology is real and they're learning from the absolute best. Several of our students from the past have gone on to UWF to be in their anthropology and really run with what they learned here."

Milton High was constructed in 1953. Students have found nails, bits of bricks, parts of a bottle and various pieces of metal fragments related to construction.

"We found a little piece of a bottle, that was pretty cool," said Milton High senior Chloe Still, who plans on studying biology at UWF. "I learned some skills that I probably wouldn't have otherwise. You learn about precision and detailing your work. The digging is very precise as well."

This year represents the 16th year that Milton High School has partnered with the Florida Public Archaeology Network to help teach Ramirez's anthropology and archaeology class.

"The program here at Milton High School is incredibly unique," said Nicole Grinnan, Florida Public Archaeology Network faculty research associate/public archaeologist. "It's very rare that students at the K through 12 level have any exposure to anthropology or archaeology. This is our 16th year and we've had graduate students from the University of West Florida for all those years. I got interested in archaeology as a college student, and I never had any exposure until then. So, this is an incredible opportunity for the students. It's engaging and high impact because they're out here working every day, and they're working with talented college students who can act as mentors."

Throughout the year, students have learned how to use specific archaeology tools, ground penetrating radar methods, how to remove, clean, bag and tag artifacts, as well as receive instruction on topography and stratigraphy and much more.

UWF graduate assistant Pax Johnson helped students carefully clean the site for photos after Wednesday's storm. In previous years, the class researched deeper pits, but ones with less breadth.

"This way we can better see the stratigraphy, which is the various layers of soil," Johnson said. "We can identify the organic material where the grass was, and then we have a darker level. That's what we really wanted to do this year."

Milton senior Logan Colbath ‒ the elective class is open for 9th through 12th grades ‒ said "I've always been in archaeology."

"I know archaeology is kind of a branch of anthropology so it seemed like a perfect fit for me," said Logan, who plans on taking a gap year journey to South Africa after graduating from Milton High. "I'm going to go and learn about the culture and the people and the land, so this is interesting to me."

He said when he returns, he plans to study cybersecurity in college.

"If that doesn't work, archaeology would be a great thing to do," Logan said. "I know UWF has a great program. I've heard a lot about it."

Ramirez said students knew coming into the project that they weren't going to uncover any major headline-grabbing finds. It's the learning, the method that counts.

"Most is residue debris from the actual construction of the school," Ramirez said. "We're not our here looking for Indian burial grounds. But it is very exciting when the students find a nail or something like that. They're just as excited as if they had found a piece of old brick or ceramic. It's just a great learning opportunity."

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DeSantis signs Florida communism bill. What is communism?

A new bill signed by Gov. Ron DeSantis this week requires Florida kindergarteners to be taught "the evils of communism."

On Wednesday, which was also the 63rd anniversary of the launch of the Bay of Pigs invasion, the United States' ill-fated attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro's dictatorship in Cuba, DeSantis signed SB 1264 to require the history of communism and its "increasing threat" to the country to be taught in lower grades. The topic was previously already taught in high school courses.

"We know that the Bay of Pigs was launched because the island of Cuba had succumb to communist tyranny," DeSantis said at a press conference at the  Hialeah Gardens Museum , which honors the efforts of the Bay of Pigs'  Assault Brigade 2506 . "We're going to tell the truth about communism in the state of Florida. We're going to tell the truth about the evils of communism."

What is communism?

Communism proposes that people as a whole, or in groups such as villages or communes, should own all the means of production such as land, houses, factories, railroads, canals, etc. with "the fruits of their labor" distributed appropriately, according to Richard T. Ely in his 1883 book "French and German Socialisms in Modern Times."

Communists believe that when the means of production are owned by the powerful (called the bourgeoisie) they have too much power over their workers (called the proletariat).

This was in reaction to the abuses of workers during the Industrial Revolution, according to Sarah Pruitt of history.com , which saw industrialists gaining massive wealth while workers grew increasingly poor. The concept of socialism arose, which would require industrial production to be owned by a democratically elected government. German philosopher Karl Marx, the father of communism, took that several steps further.

In an ideal communist society, there is no government or private property, no money, and no different social classes. Wealth is divided among citizens "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs," in a phrase popularized by Marx, who wrote "The Communist Manifesto" in 1848 with Friedrich Engels.

The governments of different countries such as Russia (which combined with other surrounding countries to become for much of the 20th Century the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet Union), China and Cuba were overthrown in the 20th Century in the name of workers' states in a worldwide movement called Social Democracy which was influenced by Marx's ideas.

However, the authoritarian leaders of these countries were not chosen democratically and used force and propaganda to maintain power.

What was the Cold War?

About a third of the world's countries had rejected capitalism and tried to build communist states by the 1960s, which led to a battle of ideologies between those countries and the rest of the world. This was known as "The Cold War" as no firepower was exchanged, although the U.S. and the Soviet Union entered into a fierce arms race (and space race) for supremacy.

Communism under authoritarian leaders didn't last in most countries. The Soviet Union broke up in 1991, although Russia remained a communist country. China is communist but uses some capitalistic methods to compete on the world market. Other Communist countries include Cuba. Vietnam, Laos and North Korea.

What is the difference between communism and socialism?

This can be endlessly debated, and even Karl Marx used both terms interchangeably. Both ideologies put industrial production and the chief means of generating wealth under the control of the people, either directly or under a democratically elected government.

But Marx saw two phases of communism. In the first transitional phase, the working class controls the government and individuals could still own property and be paid for their work. For many people, this stage, which can work in tandem with capitalism, is widely regarded as socialism. Socialism is generally considered to be a gradual effort as socialists working within the political and social systems to effect change.

In contrast, communism calls for a violent revolution by the workers rising against the middle and upper classes to achieve a pure, classless, moneyless state with no private property.

What are the evils of communism?

The Florida Department of Education has not yet provided its new curriculum, but critics of communism have historically pointed to several flaws:

• Communism has been easily subverted by authoritarian and totalitarian leaders who use the promise of a glorious, unachievable future to justify current tyranny and oppression, leading to state-controlled media, mass surveillance, repression of free speech, dissent and other rights, harsh laws and armed state force.
• The ease in which strong personalities (Stalin, Mao, Castro) rise to the top of communist countries.
• The existence of human nature and greed to corrupt the system.
• Communism calls for violent revolutions.
• Marx and Engles never worked out exactly how a communist economy would work in practical terms.
• Despite the promises, countries calling themselves communist don't always economically outperform capitalist countries

There has never been a pure communist country. Countries calling themselves communist are generally a mix of socialism and capitalism with the state controlling employment, production and the economy to varying degrees.