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What Is A Literature Review?
Steps for conducting a lit review.
- Citation Management
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- After Graduation
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More about the Literature Review...
Did you know the library has an entire guide to help you write a literature review? Click the link below to learn more!
- Literature Review: Conducting & Writing by Britt McGowan Last Updated Mar 22, 2024 99585 views this year
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A Literature Review Is Not:
- just a summary of sources
- a grouping of broad, unrelated sources
- a compilation of everything that has been written on a particular topic
- literature criticism (think English) or a book review
So, what is it then?
A literature review is an integrated analysis-- not just a summary-- of scholarly writings that are related directly to your research question. That is, it represents the literature that provides background information on your topic and shows a correspondence between those writings and your research question.
A literature review may be a stand alone work or the introduction to a larger research paper, depending on the assignment. Rely heavily on the guidelines your instructor has given you.
Why is it important?
A literature review is important because it:
- Explains the background of research on a topic.
- Demonstrates why a topic is significant to a subject area.
- Discovers relationships between research studies/ideas.
- Identifies major themes, concepts, and researchers on a topic.
- Identifies critical gaps and points of disagreement.
- Discusses further research questions that logically come out of the previous studies.
1. Choose your topic, define your question
- Your literature review should be guided by a central research question. Remember, it is not a collection of loosely related studies in a field but instead represents background and research developments related to a specific research question, interpreted and analyzed by you.
2. Decide on the scope of your review
- How many studies do you need to look at? How comprehensive should it be? How many years should it cover?
3. Select the databases you will use to conduct your searches
4. Conduct your searches and find the literature. Keep track of your searches!
- Review the abstracts and conclusions carefully. This will save you time.
- Write down the keywords you used and where you found them
- Use RefWorks to keep track of your citations.
5. Review the literature! This is the most time consuming part.
- What was the research question of the study you are reviewing? What were the authors trying to discover?
- Was the research funded by a source that could influence the findings?
- What were the research methodologies? Analyze its literature review, the samples and variables used, the results, and the conclusions. Does the research seem to be complete? Could it have been conducted more soundly? What further questions does it raise?
- If there are conflicting studies, why do you think that is?
- How are the authors viewed in the field? Has this study been cited?; if so, how has it been analyzed?
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- Last Updated: Jan 31, 2024 10:09 AM
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MATH 317 Statistics and Research Methods Laboratory
- Finding Research Articles
- How to Read a Scholarly Article
- Original Research Articles
- Review Articles
What is a literature review?
Conducting a literature review, writing a literature review.
- Avoiding Plagiarism
Research and Instruction Librarian
A literature review is a compilation of the works published in a particular field of study or line of research, usually over a specific period of time, in the form of an in-depth, critical bibliographic essay or annotated list in which attention is drawn to the most significant works.
- Summarizes and analyzes previous research relevant to a topic
- Includes scholarly books and articles published in academic journals
- Can be an specific scholarly paper or a section in a research paper
The objective of a Literature Review is to find previous published scholarly works relevant to an specific topic
- Help gather ideas or information
- Keep up to date in current trends and findings
- Help develop new questions
A literature review is important because it:
- Explains the background of research on a topic
- Demonstrates why a topic is significant to a subject area
- Helps focus your own research questions or problems
- Discovers relationships between research studies/ideas
- Suggests unexplored ideas or populations
- Identifies major themes, concepts, and researchers on a topic
- Tests assumptions; may help counter preconceived ideas and remove unconscious bias
- Identifies critical gaps, points of disagreement, or potentially flawed methodology or theoretical approaches
Source: "What is a Literature Review?", Old Dominion University, https://guides.lib.odu.edu/c.php?g=966167&p=6980532
1. Choose a topic. Define your research question.
Your literature review should be guided by a central research question. It represents background and research developments related to a specific research question, interpreted, and analyzed by you in a synthesized way.
- Make sure your research question is not too broad or too narrow.
- Write down terms that are related to your question for they will be useful for searches later.
2. Decide on the scope of your review.
How many studies do you need to look at? How comprehensive should it be? How many years should it cover?
- This may depend on your assignment.
- Consider these things when planning your time for research.
3. Select the databases you will use to conduct your searches.
- By Research Guide
4. Conduct your searches and find the literature.
- Review the abstracts carefully - this will save you time!
- Many databases will have a search history tab for you to return to for later.
- Use bibliographies and references of research studies to locate others.
- Use citation management software such as Zotero to keep track of your research citations.
5. Review the literature.
Some questions to help you analyze the research:
- What was the research question you are reviewing? What are the authors trying to discover?
- Was the research funded by a source that could influence the findings?
- What were the research methodologies? Analyze the literature review, samples and variables used, results, and conclusions. Does the research seem complete? Could it have been conducted more soundly? What further questions does it raise?
- If there are conflicted studies, why do you think that is?
- How are the authors viewed in the field? Are they experts or novices? Has the study been cited?
Source: "Literature Review", University of West Florida, https://libguides.uwf.edu/c.php?g=215113&p=5139469
The most common way that literature reviews are organized is by theme or author. Find a general pattern of structure for the review. When organizing the review, consider the following:
- the methodology
- the quality of the findings or conclusions
- major strengths and weaknesses
- any other important information
Writing Tips:
- Use evidence.
- Be selective - Select only the most important points in each source to highlight in the review. It should directly relate to the review's focus.
- Use quotes sparingly.
- Summarize and synthesize your sources within each paragraph as well as throughout the review.
- Keep your own voice - Your voice (the writer's) should remain front and center.
- Use caution when paraphrasing - Be sure to represent the author's information or opinions accurately and in your own words.
Source: "Composing your Literature Review", Florida A&M University, https://library.famu.edu/c.php?g=577356&p=3982811
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- Last Updated: Apr 8, 2024 5:16 PM
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- Skill Guides
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Mathematics & Statistics: Systematic Reviews
- Articles/Research Databases
- Data Resources
- Analytic Tools
- Systematic Reviews
- Social & Demographic Data
What Is a Systematic Review?
Regular literature reviews are simply summaries of the literature on a particular topic. A systematic review, however, is a comprehensive literature review conducted to answer a specific research question. Authors of a systematic review aim to find, code, appraise, and synthesize all of the previous research on their question in an unbiased and well-documented manner. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) outline the minimum amount of information that needs to be reported at the conclusion of a systematic review project.
Other types of what are known as "evidence syntheses," such as scoping, rapid, and integrative reviews, have varying methodologies. While systematic reviews originated with and continue to be a popular publication type in medicine and other health sciences fields, more and more researchers in other disciplines are choosing to conduct evidence syntheses.
This guide will walk you through the major steps of a systematic review and point you to key resources including Covidence, a systematic review project management tool. For help with systematic reviews and other major literature review projects, please send us an email at [email protected] .
Getting Help with Reviews
Organization such as the Institute of Medicine recommend that you consult a librarian when conducting a systematic review. Librarians at the University of Nevada, Reno can help you:
- Understand best practices for conducting systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses in your discipline
- Choose and formulate a research question
- Decide which review type (e.g., systematic, scoping, rapid, etc.) is the best fit for your project
- Determine what to include and where to register a systematic review protocol
- Select search terms and develop a search strategy
- Identify databases and platforms to search
- Find the full text of articles and other sources
- Become familiar with free citation management (e.g., EndNote, Zotero)
- Get access to you and help using Covidence, a systematic review project management tool
Doing a Systematic Review
- Plan - This is the project planning stage. You and your team will need to develop a good research question, determine the type of review you will conduct (systematic, scoping, rapid, etc.), and establish the inclusion and exclusion criteria (e.g., you're only going to look at studies that use a certain methodology). All of this information needs to be included in your protocol. You'll also need to ensure that the project is viable - has someone already done a systematic review on this topic? Do some searches and check the various protocol registries to find out.
- Identify - Next, a comprehensive search of the literature is undertaken to ensure all studies that meet the predetermined criteria are identified. Each research question is different, so the number and types of databases you'll search - as well as other online publication venues - will vary. Some standards and guidelines specify that certain databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE) should be searched regardless. Your subject librarian can help you select appropriate databases to search and develop search strings for each of those databases.
- Evaluate - In this step, retrieved articles are screened and sorted using the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias for each included study is also assessed around this time. It's best if you import search results into a citation management tool (see below) to clean up the citations and remove any duplicates. You can then use a tool like Rayyan (see below) to screen the results. You should begin by screening titles and abstracts only, and then you'll examine the full text of any remaining articles. Each study should be reviewed by a minimum of two people on the project team.
- Collect - Each included study is coded and the quantitative or qualitative data contained in these studies is then synthesized. You'll have to either find or develop a coding strategy or form that meets your needs.
- Explain - The synthesized results are articulated and contextualized. What do the results mean? How have they answered your research question?
- Summarize - The final report provides a complete description of the methods and results in a clear, transparent fashion.
Adapted from
Types of reviews, systematic review.
These types of studies employ a systematic method to analyze and synthesize the results of numerous studies. "Systematic" in this case means following a strict set of steps - as outlined by entities like PRISMA and the Institute of Medicine - so as to make the review more reproducible and less biased. Consistent, thorough documentation is also key. Reviews of this type are not meant to be conducted by an individual but rather a (small) team of researchers. Systematic reviews are widely used in the health sciences, often to find a generalized conclusion from multiple evidence-based studies.
Meta-Analysis
A systematic method that uses statistics to analyze the data from numerous studies. The researchers combine the data from studies with similar data types and analyze them as a single, expanded dataset. Meta-analyses are a type of systematic review.
Scoping Review
A scoping review employs the systematic review methodology to explore a broader topic or question rather than a specific and answerable one, as is generally the case with a systematic review. Authors of these types of reviews seek to collect and categorize the existing literature so as to identify any gaps.
Rapid Review
Rapid reviews are systematic reviews conducted under a time constraint. Researchers make use of workarounds to complete the review quickly (e.g., only looking at English-language publications), which can lead to a less thorough and more biased review.
Narrative Review
A traditional literature review that summarizes and synthesizes the findings of numerous original research articles. The purpose and scope of narrative literature reviews vary widely and do not follow a set protocol. Most literature reviews are narrative reviews.
Umbrella Review
Umbrella reviews are, essentially, systematic reviews of systematic reviews. These compile evidence from multiple review studies into one usable document.
Grant, Maria J., and Andrew Booth. “A Typology of Reviews: An Analysis of 14 Review Types and Associated Methodologies.” Health Information & Libraries Journal , vol. 26, no. 2, 2009, pp. 91-108. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x .
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Research review series: mathematics
A review of research into factors that influence the quality of mathematics education in schools in England.
Applies to England
This review explores the literature relating to the field of maths education. Its purpose is to identify factors that can contribute to high-quality school maths curriculums, assessment, pedagogy and systems. We will use this understanding of subject quality to examine how maths is taught in England’s schools from Reception onwards. We will then publish a subject report to share what we have learned.
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The STEM Gender Gap: A Literature Review
Article sidebar.
Main Article Content
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is vital for any advancing society. While diversity in STEM has improved significantly over the years, there is still evidence that gender inequality persists. The lack of diversity regarding gender is often referred to as the STEM gender gap. To delve deeper into this topic, the information presented in this literature review discusses the issues, causes, consequences, and solutions of the STEM gender gap.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access ).
- Student authors waive FERPA rights for only the publication of the author submitted works. Specifically: Students of Indiana University East voluntarily agree to submit their own works to The Journal of Student Research at Indiana University East , with full understanding of FERPA rights and in recognition that for this one, specific instance they understand that The Journal of Student Research at Indiana University East is Public and Open Access. Additionally, the Journal is viewable via the Internet and searchable via Indiana University, Google, and Google-Scholar search engines.
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JOHA N SIDENVALL. To characterize teaching designs intended to enhance students ' problem solving and. reasoning skills or to devel op othe r mathematic al compe tencies via problem solving. and ...
A literature review is important because it: Explains the background of research on a topic. Demonstrates why a topic is significant to a subject area. Discovers relationships between research studies/ideas. Identifies major themes, concepts, and researchers on a topic. Identifies critical gaps and points of disagreement.
Mathematics, Pure and Applied Math | Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on MATHEMATICS. ... references or conduct a literature review on ...
Overall, the current literature review pointed out the necessity for further theoretical work on conceptualizing mathematical modelling competencies while highlighting the richness of developed empirical approaches and their implementation at various educational levels. ... Research in Mathematics Education, 20(2), 127-145.
The research presented in this article is a systematic review of the literature on the assessment of mathematical modeling in the setting of mathematics education published in the previous five years. This research has compiled the current best information from around the world to offer an
For example, in education, which is among the social science disciplines that are closest to mathematics education and regarded as one of its "mother disciplines", researchers as early as the 1930s founded journals that published literature reviews exclusively (see, for example, Review of Educational Research). Almost 100 years later, no ...
Since problem solving became one of the foci of mathematics education, numerous investigations have been performed to improve its teaching, develop students' higher-level skills, emphasize mathe... Roles and characteristics of problem solving in the mathematics curriculum: a review: International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science ...
Writing a Literature Review: Activities on Research in Mathematics Education to Support Students in Conducting Research. Denny Haris 1, ... a crucial requirement in planning a mathematics education research project has received attention in the lecturing of mathematics education research methods in higher education environments. However, the ...
example, Review of Educational Research). Almost 100 years later, no such journal yet exists for mathematics edu-cation. The introduction of the new series of special issues in ZDM - Mathematics Education constitutes a first step toward recognizing literature reviews as an important form of scholarly contribution to mathematics education research.
This study provides a systematic literature review of research in the field of teaching and learning mathematics through Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), Content-Based Instruction (CBI), and English Medium Instruction (EMI). The review aims to examine the most relevant literature with a focus on mathematics and CLIL, CBI, or EMI in Scopus and Web of Science per the Preferred ...
In recent years, the number of studies examining resilience in relation to mathematics teaching/learning (or mathematical resilience, according to some), increased significantly. This paper is a systematic review of 78 studies published between 2010 and 2021, and investigates (a) conceptualisations of mathematical resilience, (b) demographic ...
research. Amber Simpson *and Mikel W. Cole. Eugene T. Moor e School of Education, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA. This paper presents the results of a systematic search of the empirical ...
A literature review is a compilation of the works published in a particular field of study or line of research, usually over a specific period of time, in the form of an in-depth, critical bibliographic essay or annotated list in which attention is drawn to the most significant works.. Summarizes and analyzes previous research relevant to a topic ...
1. A Scoping Review of Research into Mathematics Classroom Practices and Affect. Mathematics is an important school subject because of its usefulness in our technologically-rich society and the value it has as a critical filter in educational and career opportunities (Anthony & Walshaw, 2009).There is growing concern, particularly in western nations, about students' mathematical achievement in ...
Her research focuses on mathematics education and mathematics teacher education, particularly the role of language in the teaching and learning of ... Funding for this literature review was provided by the Department for Education (DfE) as part of the TALIS Video Study. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) led TALIS ...
Additional findings highlighted the importance in mathematics education research to look closely at: (a) how curricula can serve as stimuli aiding adaptive teaching practices; (b) the idea that the teacher reflects directly on the student stimuli, the learning trajectory, or her own actions; and (c) additional teacher responses, including ...
Examples of literature reviews. Step 1 - Search for relevant literature. Step 2 - Evaluate and select sources. Step 3 - Identify themes, debates, and gaps. Step 4 - Outline your literature review's structure. Step 5 - Write your literature review.
Instructional approaches and strategies for teaching mathematics to students with ID. To find the parameters for our systematic review, the most effective and often used instruction methods, we conducted a survey of the results of previous reviews and meta-analyses of research on teaching mathematics to students with ID.
Researchers make use of workarounds to complete the review quickly (e.g., only looking at English-language publications), which can lead to a less thorough and more biased review. Narrative Review. A traditional literature review that summarizes and synthesizes the findings of numerous original research articles.
A literature review on math anxiety and learning. math emat ics: A gener al o verv iew. Rafa el An ton io Var gas Varga s. Fac ult ad d e M edi cin a, U niv ers ida d Mi lit ar Nue va Gran ada, Tv ...
Details. This review explores the literature relating to the field of maths education. Its purpose is to identify factors that can contribute to high-quality school maths curriculums, assessment ...
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is vital for any advancing society. While diversity in STEM has improved significantly over the years, there is still evidence that gender inequality persists. The lack of diversity regarding gender is often referred to as the STEM gender gap. To delve deeper into this topic, the information presented in this literature review discusses ...
The method used in this study was Systematic Literature Review (SLR). ... (8 articles) of computational thinking research on mathematics learning is conducted at the university level, (3) East ...
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KSA. This literature review focused on the use of MATLAB, a computer algebra system, as a. didactical tool for mathematics. It has also looked at some ...
Author contributions. Amar Johri: Conceptualization and designing, Methodology, Formal analysis and interpretation of data, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Raj Kumar Singh: Conceptualization and designing, Methodology, Formal analysis and interpretation of data, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. All authors agree to be accountable for all ...
Despite its importance, the literature on personalized marketing remains fragmented due to the absence of a comprehensive review that consolidates the intellectual structure of the field.