economics grade 11 poverty essay

Poverty Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on poverty essay.

“Poverty is the worst form of violence”. – Mahatma Gandhi.

How Poverty is Measured?

For measuring poverty United nations have devised two measures of poverty – Absolute & relative poverty.  Absolute poverty is used to measure poverty in developing countries like India. Relative poverty is used to measure poverty in developed countries like the USA. In absolute poverty, a line based on the minimum level of income has been created & is called a poverty line.  If per day income of a family is below this level, then it is poor or below the poverty line. If per day income of a family is above this level, then it is non-poor or above the poverty line. In India, the new poverty line is  Rs 32 in rural areas and Rs 47 in urban areas.

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Causes of Poverty

According to the Noble prize winner South African leader, Nelson Mandela – “Poverty is not natural, it is manmade”. The above statement is true as the causes of poverty are generally man-made. There are various causes of poverty but the most important is population. Rising population is putting the burden on the resources & budget of countries. Governments are finding difficult to provide food, shelter & employment to the rising population.

The other causes are- lack of education, war, natural disaster, lack of employment, lack of infrastructure, political instability, etc. For instance- lack of employment opportunities makes a person jobless & he is not able to earn enough to fulfill the basic necessities of his family & becomes poor. Lack of education compels a person for less paying jobs & it makes him poorer. Lack of infrastructure means there are no industries, banks, etc. in a country resulting in lack of employment opportunities. Natural disasters like flood, earthquake also contribute to poverty.

In some countries, especially African countries like Somalia, a long period of civil war has made poverty widespread. This is because all the resources & money is being spent in war instead of public welfare. Countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc. are prone to natural disasters like cyclone, etc. These disasters occur every year causing poverty to rise.

Ill Effects of Poverty

Poverty affects the life of a poor family. A poor person is not able to take proper food & nutrition &his capacity to work reduces. Reduced capacity to work further reduces his income, making him poorer. Children from poor family never get proper schooling & proper nutrition. They have to work to support their family & this destroys their childhood. Some of them may also involve in crimes like theft, murder, robbery, etc. A poor person remains uneducated & is forced to live under unhygienic conditions in slums. There are no proper sanitation & drinking water facility in slums & he falls ill often &  his health deteriorates. A poor person generally dies an early death. So, all social evils are related to poverty.

Government Schemes to Remove Poverty

The government of India also took several measures to eradicate poverty from India. Some of them are – creating employment opportunities , controlling population, etc. In India, about 60% of the population is still dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. Government has taken certain measures to promote agriculture in India. The government constructed certain dams & canals in our country to provide easy availability of water for irrigation. Government has also taken steps for the cheap availability of seeds & farming equipment to promote agriculture. Government is also promoting farming of cash crops like cotton, instead of food crops. In cities, the government is promoting industrialization to create more jobs. Government has also opened  ‘Ration shops’. Other measures include providing free & compulsory education for children up to 14 years of age, scholarship to deserving students from a poor background, providing subsidized houses to poor people, etc.

Poverty is a social evil, we can also contribute to control it. For example- we can simply donate old clothes to poor people, we can also sponsor the education of a poor child or we can utilize our free time by teaching poor students. Remember before wasting food, somebody is still sleeping hungry.

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390 Poverty Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

• 📑 Aspects to Cover in a Poverty Essay

Students who learn economics, politics, and social sciences are often required to write a poverty essay as part of their course. While everyone understands the importance of this topic, it can be hard to decide what to write about. Read this post to find out the aspects that you should cover in your essay on poverty.

🏆 Best Poverty Topics & Free Essay Examples

👍 powerful topics on poverty and inequality, 🎓 simple & easy topics related to poverty, 📌 interesting poverty essay examples, ⭐ strong poverty-related topics, 🥇 unique poverty topics for argumentative essay, ❓ research questions about poverty.

Topics related to poverty and inequality might seem too broad. There are so many facts, factors, and aspects you should take into consideration. However, we all know that narrowing down a topic is one of the crucial steps when working on an outline and thesis statement. You should be specific enough to select the right arguments for your argumentative essay or dissertation. Below, you will find some aspects to include in your poverty essay.

Poverty Statistics

First of all, it would be beneficial to include some background information on the issue. Statistics on poverty in your country or state can help you to paint a picture of the problem. Look for official reports on poverty and socioeconomic welfare, which can be found on government websites. While you are writing this section, consider the following:

• What is the overall level of poverty in your country or state?
• Has the prevalence of poverty changed over time? If yes, how and why?
• Are there any groups or communities where poverty is more prevalent than in the general population? What are they?

Causes of Poverty

If you look at poverty essay titles, the causes of poverty are a popular theme among students. While some people may think that poverty occurs because people are lazy and don’t want to work hard, the problem is much more important than that. Research books and scholarly journal articles on the subject with these questions in mind:

• Why do some groups of people experience poverty more often than others?
• What are the historical causes of poverty in your country?
• How is poverty related to other social issues, such as discrimination, immigration, and crime?
• How do businesses promote or reduce poverty in the community?

Consequences of Poverty

Many poverty essay examples also consider the consequences of poverty for individuals and communities. This theme is particularly important if you study social sciences or politics. Here are some questions that may give you ideas for this section:

• How is the psychological well-being of individuals affected by poverty?
• How is poverty connected to crime and substance abuse?
• How does poverty affect individuals’ access to high-quality medical care and education?
• What is the relationship between poverty and world hunger?

Government Policies

Governments of most countries have policies in place to reduce poverty and help those in need. In your essay, you may address the policies used in your state or country or compare several different governments in terms of their approaches to poverty. Here is what you should think about:

• What are some examples of legislation aimed at reducing poverty?
• Do laws on minimum wage help to prevent and decrease poverty? Why or why not?
• How do governments help people who are poor to achieve higher levels of social welfare?
• Should governments provide financial assistance to those in need? Why or why not?

Solutions to Poverty

Solutions to poverty are among the most popular poverty essay topics, and you will surely find many sample papers and articles on this subject. This is because poverty is a global issue that must be solved to facilitate social development. Considering these questions in your poverty essay conclusion or main body will help you in getting an A:

• What programs or policies proved to be effective in reducing poverty locally?
• Is there a global solution to poverty that would be equally effective in all countries?
• How can society facilitate the reduction of poverty?
• What solutions would you recommend to decrease and prevent poverty?

Covering a few of these aspects in your essay will help you demonstrate the in-depth understanding and analysis required to earn a high mark. Before you start writing, have a look around our website for more essay titles, tips, and interesting topics!

• Poverty Research Proposal To justify this, the recent and most current statistics from the Census Bureau shows that the level and rate of poverty in USA is increasing, with minority ethnic groups being the most disadvantaged.
• What Causes Poverty in the World One of the major factors that have contributed to poverty in given areas of the world is overpopulation. Environmental degradation in many parts of the world has led to the increase of poverty in the […]
• Wordsworth’s Vision of Childhood in His Poems “We Are Seven” and “Alice Fell or Poverty” Specifically, the joint publication he released in 1798 known as “Lyrical Ballads” are considered the most important publications in the rise of the Romantic literature in the UK and Europe.
• Poverty: A Sociological Imagination Perspective I was raised in a nuclear family, where my mum was a housewife, and my father worked in a local hog farm as the overall manager.
• Analysis of Theodore Dalrymple’s “What Is Poverty?” With ethical arguments from Burnor, it can be argued that Dalrymple’s statements are shallow and based on his values and not the experience of those he is judging.
• “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” by Peter Singer The article “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” by author Peter Singer attempts to provide a workable solution to the world poverty problem.
• Poverty and the Environment The human population affects the environment negatively due to poverty resulting to environmental degradation and a cycle of poverty. Poverty and the environment are interlinked as poverty leads to degradation of the environment.
• Relationship Between Crime Rates and Poverty This shows that the strength of the relationship between the crime index and people living below the line of poverty is.427.
• Max Weber’s Thoughts on Poverty Weber has contributed to the exploration of the origins of poverty and the impact of religions on the attitude to it.
• Consumerism: Affecting Families Living in Poverty in the United States Hence, leading to the arising of consumerism protection acts and policies designed to protect consumers from dishonest sellers and producers, which indicates the high degree of consumer’s ignorance, and hence failure to make decisions of […]
• Poverty Effects on Child Development and Schooling To help children from low-income families cope with poverty, interventions touching in the child’s development and educational outcomes are essential. Those programs campaign against the effects of poverty among children by providing basic nutritional, academic, […]
• Poverty in India and China India’s slow rate of poverty reduction compared to China is due to the differences in their approach to the economy. Improving the living conditions and general well being of the people is not only the […]
• Poverty in the World In this paper, we will be looking at the situation of poverty in the world, its causes and the efforts of the international organizations to manage the same.
• The Problem of Poverty in Bob Marley’s “No Woman, No Cry” To see the situation from the perspective of its social significance, it is necessary to refer to Mills’ concept of sociological imagination and to the division of problems and issues into personal and social ones.
• The End of Poverty Philippe Diaz’s documentary, The End of Poverty, is a piece that attempts to dissect the causes of the huge economic inequalities that exist between countries in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
• Poverty and Its Effects on Childhood Education The foremost strength of Guo’s study is that in it, author succeeded with substantiating the full soundness of an idea that children’s exposure to poverty cannot possibly be thought of as only the factor that […]
• The Philippines’ Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty However, despite the strong emphasis of the government on income equality and poverty reduction along with the growth of GDP, both poverty and economic and social inequality remain persistent in the Philippines.
• Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Development The research focuses on the causes of poverty and the benefits of poverty alleviation in achieving sustainable development. One of the causes of poverty is discrimination and social inequality.
• Community Work: Helping People in Poverty The first project would be water project since you find that in most villages water is a problem, hence $100 would go to establishing this project and it’s out of these water then the women […]
• Social Issues of Families in Poverty With the tightened budget, parents of the families living in poverty struggle to make ends meet, and in the course of their struggles, they experience many stresses and depressions.
• The Singer Solution to World Poverty: Arguments Against The article compares the lives of people in the developed world represented by America and that of developing world represented by Brazil; It is about a school teacher who sells a young boy for adoption […]
• Children Living in Poverty and Education The presence of real subjects like children is a benefit for the future of the nation and a free education option for poor families to learn something new and even use it if their children […]
• Global Poverty: Famine, Affluence, and Morality In the article Famine, Affluence, and Morality, Michael Slote contends that rich people have a moral obligation to contribute more to charities.
• Reflective Analysis of Poverty It can be further classified into absolute poverty where the affected do not have the capability to make ends meet, and relative poverty which refer to the circumstances under which the afflicted do not have […]
• Poverty Areas and Effects on Juvenile Delinquency The desire to live a better life contributes to the youths engaging in crimes, thus the increase in cases of juvenile delinquencies amid low-income families. The studies indicate that the fear of poverty is the […]
• Poverty in Africa These pictures have been published online to show the world the gravity of the poverty situation in the African continent. The pictures represent the suffering of majority of the African people as a result of […]
• The Problems of Poverty and Hunger Subsequently, the cause in this case serves as a path to a solution – more social programs are needed, and wealthy citizens should be encouraged to become beneficiaries for the hungry.
• Poverty in Bambara’s The Lesson and Danticat’s A Wall of Fire Rising It is important to note the fact that culture-based poverty due to discrimination of the past or political ineffectiveness of the nation can have a profound ramification in the lives of its victims.
• Poverty Through a Sociological Lens Poverty-stricken areas, such as slums, rural villages, and places hit by disasters, lack the required economic activities to improve the employment and wealth status of the people.
• Cause and Effect of Poverty For example, the disparities in income and wealth are considered as a sign of poverty since the state is related to issues of scarcity and allocation of resources and influence.
• Analysis of a Social Problem: Poverty Furthermore, the World Bank predicts that both the number of people and the percentage of the population living in extreme poverty will increase in 2020 and 2021 due to the coronavirus outbreak.
• Poverty as a Great Social Problem and Its Causes The human capital model assumes that the inadequate incomes of the working poor are the result of characteristics of the labor market rather than the inadequacy of the poor.
• Poverty and Global Food Crisis: Food and Agriculture Model Her innovative approach to the issue was to measure food shortages in calories as opposed to the traditional method of measuring in pounds and stones.
• The Connection Between Poverty and Mental Health Problems The daily struggle to earn a daily bread takes a toll on an individual mental health and contributes to mental health problem.
• We Can Stop Poverty in Ghana Today One of the main disadvantages of the document is that the problem of poverty is not considered separately, but only as a part of other economic and social problems.
• Environmental Degradation and Poverty It is however important to understand the causes of the environmental degradation and the ways to reduce them, which will promote the improvement of the environmental quality.
• The Myth of the Culture of Poverty Unfortunately, rather all of the stereotypes regarding poor people are widespread in many societies and this has served to further increase the problem of generational poverty. Poor people are regarded to be in the state […]
• Poverty in New York City, and Its Reasons The poverty rate for seniors in New York is twice the poverty rate in the United States. New York City’s blacks and Hispanics have a much higher poverty rate than whites and Asians in the […]
• “The Hidden Reason for Poverty…” by Haugen It is also noteworthy that some groups of people are specifically vulnerable and join the arrays of those living in poverty.
• Dependency Theory and “The End of Poverty?” It is also reflected in the film “The End of Poverty?” narrating the circumstances of poor countries and their precondition. It started at the end of the fifteenth century and marked the beginning of the […]
• Poverty Policy Recommendations Different leaders have considered several policies and initiatives in the past to tackle the problem of poverty and empower more people to lead better lives.
• Child Poverty and Academic Achievement Association It is expected to pay attention to the challenges and problems poor children and their families may face in their lives.
• Concept of Poverty The main difference between this definition and other definitions of poverty highlighted in this paper is the broad understanding of the concept.
• Third World Countries and the Barriers Stopping Them to Escape Poverty The phrase Third World was initially used in the Cold War period to represent those countries that were neither on the West NATO nations referred to as the first world countries, nor on the East-Communist […]
• War on Poverty in US The term war on poverty officially came into being in 1964 and referred to concerted government efforts to eradicate assiduous poverty in the United States of America.
• Aspects of Global Poverty There are arguments that have been put forth in regard to the causes of poverty in various nations with some people saying that the governments in various nations are there to be blamed for their […]
• Political Economy: Relationship Between Poverty, Inequality, and Nationalism The prevalence of nationalism leads to changes in the education system, as the government tries to justify the superiority of the country by altering the curriculum.
• Poverty and Diseases A usual line of reasoning would be that low income is the main cause of health-related problems among vulnerable individuals. Such results that the relationship between mental health and poverty is, in fact, straightforward.
• The Poverty Issue From a Sociological Perspective The core of the perspective is the idea that poverty is a system in which multiple elements are intertwined and create outcomes linked to financial deficits.
• Poverty Simulation Reflection and Its Influence on Life Something that stood out to me during the process is probably the tremendous emotional and psychological impact of poverty on a person’s wellbeing.
• Poverty Effects and How They Are Handled Quality jobs will provide income to the younger people and women in the community. The focus on developing and facilitating small and medium-sized enterprises is a great strategy but more needs to be done in […]
• Children in Poverty in Kampong Ayer, Brunei Part of the reason is likely malnutrition that results from the eating or consumption patterns of the families and also dependency on the children to help out with the family or house chores.
• “The End of Poverty” by Phillipe Diaz In the film End of Poverty, the filmmaker tries to unravel the mystery behind poverty in the world. The film is arranged in such a way that the author has persuasively argued his case that […]
• Poverty, Government and Unequal Distribution of Wealth in Philippines The author of the book Poverty And The Critical Security Agenda, Eadie, added: Quantitative analyses of poverty have become more sophisticated over the years to be sure, yet remain problematic and in certain ways rooted […]
• Poverty, Inequality and Social Policy Understanding The roots of inequality can relate to both welfare and some other factors, for example, the judiciary. Therefore, the principle of equality is violated, and social norms cannot be considered to be respected.
• Inequality and Poverty Relationship To begin with, it is necessary to define the concepts of poverty and inequality. As of inequality, it is the difference in access to income, power, education, and whatever.
• The Rise of Poverty in the US The main issue that is portrayed in the article is the presence of the invisible poor and the homeless poor in the US.
• Poverty and Development Into the 21st Century The choices of citizens in the west influence the consumer, as well as political behaviors of the consumers and voters in the developing regions.
• Social Business Scope in Alleviating Poverty Instead of charity work, social business aims at creating a mechanism in which the poor may be helped in a sustainable manner in that the social business makes profits just like conventional businesses, but the […]
• Poverty in the Bronx: Negative Effects of Poverty South Bronx is strictly the southwestern part of the borough of Bronx and Bronx is the only borough in New York city in the mainland.
• Poverty in Urban Areas The main reason for escalation of the problem of poverty is urban areas is because the intricate problems of urban poverty are considered too small to attract big policies.
• Effects of Poverty on Immigrant Children As research studies show, although there is a group of immigrants who belong to higher social classes, mostly because of their formal education levels, most of immigrants belong to the low socioeconomic class, as most […]
• How Poverty Contributes to Poor Heath The results show that poverty is the main cause of poor health. The study was purposed to assess the effect of poverty in determining the health status of households.
• Global Poverty Project: A Beacon of Hope in the Fight Against Extreme Poverty The organization works with partners worldwide to increase awareness and understanding of global poverty and inspire people to take action to end it.
• The Causes of an Increase in Poverty in Atlanta, Georgia The key causes of the high poverty rise in the city include housing policies and instabilities, the lack of transit services and public transportation infrastructure in suburban areas, and childhood poverty.
• Thistle Farms: Help for Women Who Are Affected by Poverty As I said in the beginning, millions of women need help and assistance from the community to overcome poverty and heal emotional wounds caused by abuse. You can purchase a variety of its home and […]
• Median Household Incomes and Poverty Levels The patterns of poverty in the Denver urban area show that rates are higher in the inner suburb and the core city and lower in the outer suburb.
• Poverty: The American Challenge One of the main problems in the world is the problem of poverty, which means the inability to provide the simplest and most affordable living conditions for most people in a given country.
• Saving the Planet by Solving Poverty The data is there to make the necessary links, which are needed when it comes to the economic variations and inadequate environmental impacts of climate change can be distinguished on a worldwide scale.
• Anti-Poverty Programs From the Federal Government The programs provide financial assistance to low-income individuals and families to cover basic needs like housing and food. The anti-poverty programs that have been most effective in reducing poverty rates in the United States are […]
• Rural Development, Economic Inequality and Poverty The percentage of the rural population is lower for developed countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom. Thus, the objective of the proposal is to determine how the inhabitants of the country in […]
• Global Poverty: Ways of Combating For example, one of such initiatives is social assistance and social protection programs, which ensure the safety and creation of various labor programs that will help increase the number of the working population.
• Poverty and Homelessness as a Global Social Problem What makes the task of defining poverty particularly difficult is the discrepancy in the distribution of social capital and, therefore, the resulting differences in the understanding of what constitutes poverty, particularly, where the line should […]
• Poverty: Aspects of Needs Assessment The target neighborhood and population for the following analysis are women of reproductive age, defined as 15 to 49 years, in Elmhurst and Corona, Queens. 2, and the percentage of births to women aged over […]
• What Is Poverty in the United States? Estimates of the amount of income required to meet necessities serve as the foundation for both the official and supplemental poverty measurements.
• The Caribbean Culture: Energy Security and Poverty Issues Globally, Latin American and the Caribbean also has the most expensive energy products and services because of fuel deprivation in the Caribbean and the Pacific regions.
• Poverty: The Main Causes and Factors Because of the constant process of societal development, the concept of poverty changes rapidly, adapting to the new standards of modern human life.
• How to Overcome Poverty and Discrimination As such, to give a chance to the “defeated” children and save their lives, as Alexie puts it, society itself must change the rules so that everyone can have access to this ticket to success. […]
• Poverty and Homelessness in American Society It is connected with social segregation, stigmatization, and the inability of the person to improve their conditions of life. The problem of affordable housing and poverty among older adults is another problem that leads to […]
• Private Sector’s Role in Poverty Alleviation in Asia The ambition of Asia to become the fastest-growing economic region worldwide has led to a rapid rise of enterprises in the private sector.
• Connection of Poverty and Education The economy of the United States has been improving due to the efforts that have been made to ensure that poverty will not prevent individuals and families from having access to decent education.
• The Opportunity for All Program: Poverty Reduction The limiting factors of the program may be the actions of the population itself, which will not participate in the employment program because of the realized benefits.
• Early Childhood Financial Support and Poverty The mentioned problem is a direct example of such a correlation: the general poverty level and the well-being of adults are connected with the early children’s material support.
• Global Poverty: The Ethical Dilemma Unfortunately, a significant obstacle to such global reforms is that many economic systems are based on the concept of inequality and exploitation.
• Discussion: Poverty and Healthcare One of the research questions necessary to evaluate this issue is “How do ethical theories apply to the issue?” Another critical research question worth exploring is “Which cultural values and norms influence the problem?” These […]
• Explosive Growth of Poverty in America The three richest Americans now own 250 billion USD, approximately the same amount of combined wealth as the bottom 50 percent of the country. Wealth inequality is a disturbing issue that needs to be at […]
• “Life on a Shoestring – American Kids Living in Poverty” by Claycomb Life on a Shoestring – American Kids Living in Poverty highlights the widening disparity between the poor and the wealthy in America and how the economic systems are set up to benefit the rich and […]
• Decreasing Poverty With College Enrollment Program In order to achieve that, it is necessary, first and foremost, to increase the high school students’ awareness of the financial aid programs, possibilities of dual enrollment, and the overall reality of higher education.
• Poverty in Rural and Urban Areas My main focus is on articles explaining the sources of poverty in rural and urban areas and the key difference between the two.
• Reducing Poverty in the North Miami Beach Community The proposed intervention program will focus on the students in the last semester of the 9th and 10th grades and the first semester of the 11th and 12th grades attending the client schools.
• Food Banks Board Members and Cycle of Poverty What this suggests is that a large portion of the leadership within these collectives aim to provide assistance and food but not to challenge the current system that fosters the related issues of poverty, unemployment, […]
• Poverty as a Social Problem in Burundi The rationale for studying poverty as a social problem in Burundi is that it will help to combat poverty through the advocacy plan at the end of this paper.
• Poverty: Subsidizing Programs Subsidizing programs are considered welfare and net initiatives that the government takes to aid low-income families and individuals affected by poverty.
• Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? & How to Judge Globalism The article Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality by Robert Hunter Wade explores the phenomenon of globalization and its influence on the poverty and inequality ratios all over the world.
• The Problem of Poverty in Chad Thus, the study of the causes of poverty in the Republic of Chad will help to form a complete understanding of the problem under study and find the most effective ways to solve it.
• “Poverty, Toxic Stress, and Education…” Study by Kelly & Li Kelly and Li are concerned with the lack of research about poverty and toxic stress affecting the neurodevelopment of preterm children.
• Is Poverty a Choice or a Generational Curse? The assumption that poverty is a choice persists in public attitudes and allows policy-makers to absolve themselves of any responsibility for ensuring the well-being of the lower socioeconomic stratum of society.
• Poverty in “A Modest Proposal” by Swift The high number of children born to poor families presents significant problems for a country.”A Modest Proposal” is a satirical essay by Jonathan Swift that proposes a solution to the challenge facing the kingdom.
• Life Below the Poverty Line in the US The major problem with poverty in the US is that the number of people living below the poverty threshold is gradually increasing despite the economic growth of the country. SNAP is not considered to be […]
• The Relationship Between Single-Parent Households and Poverty The given literature review will primarily focus on the theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between single-parent households and poverty, as well as the implications of the latter on mental health issues, such as […]
• Poverty and Its Effect on Adult Health Poverty in the UK is currently above the world average, as more than 18% of the population lives in poverty. In 2020, 7% of the UK population lived in extreme poverty and 11% lived in […]
• Child Poverty in the United States The causes of child poverty in the United States cannot be separated from the grounds of adult poverty. Thus, it is essential to take care of the well-being of children living in poverty.
• Juvenile Violent Crime and Children Below Poverty The effect of this trend is that the number of children below poverty will continue to be subjected to the juvenile and criminal justice systems.
• Poverty and Homelessness as Social Problem The qualifications will include a recommendation from the community to ensure that the person is open to help and willing to be involved in the neighborhood of Non-Return.
• Feminization of Poverty and Governments’ Role in Solving the Problem However, women form the greatest percentage of the poor, and the problem continues to spread. Furthermore, the public supports available are inaccessible and inadequate to cater for women’s needs.
• Free-Trade Policies and Poverty Level in Bangladesh The purpose of this paper is to examine the way in which the end of the quota system and introduction of a free-trade system for the garment industry in Bangladesh has impacted on poverty in […]
• Poverty and Risks Associated With Poverty Adolescents that are at risk of being malnourished can be consulted about the existing programs that provide free food and meals to families in poverty.
• Poverty and Inequality Reduction Strategies Thus, comprehending the causes of poverty and inequalities, understanding the role of globalization, and learning various theoretical arguments can lead to the establishment of appropriate policy recommendations.
• International Aid – Poverty Inc This film, the research on the impact of aid on the states receiving it, and the economic outcomes of such actions suggest that aid is a part of the problem and not a solution to […]
• Poverty Effects on American Children and Adolescents The extent to which poor financial status influences the wellbeing of the young children and adolescents is alarming and needs immediate response from the community.
• Progress and Poverty Book by Henry George George wrote the book following his recognition that poverty is the central puzzle of the 20th century. Thus, George’s allegation is inconsistent with nature because the number of living organisms can increase to the extent […]
• Vicious Circle of Poverty in Brazil The vicious circle of poverty is “a circular constellation of forces that tend to act and react on each other in such a way that the country in poverty maintains its poor state”.
• Global Education as the Key Tool for Addressing the Third World Poverty Issue Global education leads to improvements in the state economy and finances. Global education helps resolve the unemployment problem.
• Poverty, Partner Abuse, and Women’s Mental Health In general, the study aimed at investigating the interaction between poverty and the severity of abuse in women. The research question being studied in this article is how income intersects with partner violence and impacts […]
• America’s Shame: How Can Education Eradicate Poverty The primary focus of the article was global poverty, the flaws in the educational system, as well as the U.S.government’s role in resolving the problem.
• Global Poverty and Ways to Overcome It These are some of the strategies, the subsequent application of which would significantly reduce the level of poverty around the world.
• Social Work at Acacia Network: Poverty and Inequality Around the 1980s, the number of older adults was significantly increasing in society; the local government of New York established a home for the aged and was named Acacia Network. The supporting staff may bond […]
• Poverty and Sex Trafficking: Qualitative Systematic Review The proposed research question is to learn how the phenomenon of poverty is connected to sex trafficking. To investigate the relationship between the phenomenon of poverty and sex trafficking.
• End of Extreme Poverty Importantly, the ability to remain the owners of a substantial amount of accumulated wealth is the primary motivation for such individuals.
• The Problem of Poverty in the United States The problem of increasing poverty is one of the major political issues in the United States, which became especially agile after the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the difficult economic situation all over […]
• Poverty and Unemployment Due to Increased Taxation The government on its side defended the move while trying to justify the new measures’ benefits, a move that would still not benefit the country.
• Poverty as a Global Social Problem For example, the research shows that Kibera is the largest slum in the country, and this is where many people move to settle after losing hope of getting employed in towns.
• Researching the Problem of Poverty However, the rich people and the rich countries reduce poverty to some extent by providing jobs and markets to the poor, but the help is too little compared to the benefits they get thus accelerating […]
• Poverty, Social Class, and Intersectionality I prefer the structural approach to the issue as I believe the created structures are responsible for the existence of diverse types of oppression.
• Wealth and Poverty: The Christian Teaching on Wealth and Poverty To illustrate the gap between the world’s richest and the world’s poorest, a recent UN publication reported that the wealth of the three richest persons in the world is greater than the combined wealth of […]
• Guns Do Not Kill, Poverty Does It is widely accepted that stricter gun control policies are instrumental in alleviating the problem, as they are supposed to reduce the rate of firearm-related deaths, limiting gun access to individuals at-risk of participating in […]
• Poverty’s Effects on Delinquency The economic status of people determines their social class and the manner in which they get their basic needs. Seeing these things and the kind of life rich people lead motivates the poor to commit […]
• The Criminalization of Poverty in Canada In this regard, with a special focus on Canada, the objective of this essay is to investigate how public policy has transformed alongside the public perception of social welfare reform.
• The Issue of Vicious Circle of Poverty in Brazil The persistence of poverty, regardless of the many shocks that every state receives in the normal course of its survival, raises the feeling that underdevelopment is a condition of equilibrium and that there are pressures […]
• Community Health Needs: Poverty Generally, the higher the level of poverty, the worse the diet, and hence the higher the chances of developing diabetes. Consequently, a considerable disparity in the prevalence of diabetes occurs between communities with high levels […]
• “Poverty, Race, and the Contexts of Achievement” by Maryah Stella Fram et al. The article “Poverty, race, and the contexts of achievement: examining the educational experience of children in the U.S. Multilevel models were then applied in the analyses of how children varied in their reading scores depending […]
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Poverty Class 11 Notes CBSE Economics Chapter 4 (Free PDF Download)

Revision notes.

• Economics: Indian Economic Development
• Chapter 4 Poverty

Revision Notes for Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 4 - Free PDF Download

This chapter on economics deals with the issues of poverty and the Indian economic development in general. The various methods to measure poverty are discussed. What is the poverty line, and what are the possible causes of poverty are also elaborated in detail? 

Students will find the topics engaging and interesting. Since it deals with such a grave issue like poverty, the discussion on this chapter can be taken little by little to reduce the pressure on students. For better understanding, Vedantu’s economics chapter 4 class 11 notes come in handy. 

Download CBSE Class 11 Chapter-wise Economics Revision Notes 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 11 Economics revision notes for all chapters:

Access Class 11 Economics Chapter 4: Poverty

Introduction

Poverty is the inability to fulfill the minimum requirements of life like basic food requirements, clothing, shelter, health, and education.

Who are the poor?

The poor are characterized by:

Lack of adequate food: Starvation and hunger is a widespread phenomenon for the poor. They are unable to fulfill their minimum food requirements. Also, malnutrition is a key feature among the poor.

Illiteracy and lack of skills: The poor have very limited opportunities due to lack of basic literacy and skills.

Lack of basic amenities and healthcare: They do not have access to clean drinking water, electricity, or basic healthcare facilities. Poor women do not get the required medical care during pregnancy that leads to serious illness and disability for both the child and mother.  Illness makes them physically weak and further limits their opportunities

Unemployment: They face unstable employment. Rural poor work as agriculture labourers with very small landholdings or as landless labourers engaged in non – agricultural activities. The urban poor work in a variety of informal employment or are self-employed, selling a variety of items along roadsides.

Indebtedness: For their survival, the poor borrow from money lenders, who exploit them by charging high interest rates, and this results in chronic indebtedness.

Absolute Poverty: When the household income is less than a certain level, which makes it not possible for a person or a family to fulfill its basic needs like: shelter, water, food, health care etc.

In this type of poverty, if the nation is growing economically, it has null effect on the people living down below the poverty line. Absolute poverty examines a household based on a set level of income which is different from nation to nation on its economic condition.

Relative poverty: When the households get 50% less than the average household incomes, and also they have some money but even though not enough money to afford anything apart from the basic necessities. This poverty change depends upon the economic growth of the nation.

How are poor people identified?

Categorizing Poverty

Chronic Poor – Those who are constantly poor, as well as those who are typically poor. As an example, workers who do not own land, i.e., landless workers and those who work on a contract basis, i.e., casual workers.

Transient Poor – Those who keep moving in and out of poverty like the seasonal workers and occasionally poor:who are usually not poor but sometimes, face a rough patch.

Non-poor – Those who are never poor.

Poverty line

The poverty line refers to a cutoff point that divides the people of a region as poor and non-poor. The poverty line is a metric for determining absolute poverty.

In India, the minimum calorie intake requirement is 2,400 calories in rural areas and 2,100 calories in urban areas.

Another way to define the poverty line is based on per capita expenditure. The minimum consumption expenditure per person a month is Rs. 816 in rural areas and Rs. 1000 in urban areas.

However, the poverty line does not take into account the various other factors such as illiteracy, ill health, lack of access to basic amenities and resources, lack of civil and political freedom.

The Number of Poor in India

The Head Count Ratio measures the number of poor as the proportion of people below the poverty line.

Trends in Poverty in India

In 1973-74, the number of people below the poverty line was more than 320 million and in terms of proportion, it was 55% of the total population. In 2011-12, the absolute number came down 270 million and by proportion, fell to 22%.

More than 80% poor resided in rural areas in 1973-74 which remained unchanged in 2011-12. More than three- fourth of the poor are from rural areas.

The absolute number of poor declined in rural areas but increased in urban areas. The poverty ratio declined for both.

State-level Trends in Poverty

During 1973-2012, the proportion of poor fell from 55 to 22%.

Six states – Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, and Orissa had a large section of poor. This was reduced considerably during 1973-2012.

Four states – Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh are in a better position compared to the national poverty rate.

What Causes Poverty?

1. Social, economic, and political inequality

The British rule in India severely aggravated poverty. Our resources were plundered, high taxes were imposed, and goods were procured from India at very low prices.

2. Social Exclusion

Minorities like the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribes are not able to grab economic opportunities due to a lack of knowledge and skills due to years of social exclusion.

3. Indebtedness

Farmers are often unable to pay loans they had taken for agricultural and domestic needs on the occasion of crop failure due to natural calamities.

4. Unemployment

India is a country where chronic unemployment and underemployment are widespread phenomena. Poverty is a reflection of unemployment.

5. Unequal distribution of wealth

The government has tried to redistribute resources since independence by taking the land away from those who have it in large amounts and giving it to those who do not have any. But this was hardly successful because the poor did not have the money or skills to make good use of the land.

6. Lack of infrastructure

Economic infrastructure – energy, transportation, communication; and social infrastructure – education, health, and housing were largely deficient.

7. Pressure of population

The population has been trending up at a rapid pace due to the falling death rate. The heavy pressure of the population adds to the dependency burden, implying greater poverty.

Policies and Programmes towards Poverty Alleviation

The government's approach to combat poverty was three-dimensional.

Acceleration of Economic Growth – It was expected that a rapid increase in GDP and per capita income would spread to all sections of society and eradicate poverty. Rapid industrialization and agricultural transformation through the Green Revolution were expected to benefit the backward and underdeveloped regions.

Employment Generation – Income could be raised for the poor through the generation of work. The government aimed to achieve this through poverty alleviation programs.

Basic Amenities – The government aimed at providing basic amenities to people through various schemes like Public Distribution System, Poshan Abhiyan, and Midday Meal Scheme.

Poverty Alleviation Programmes

1. Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana

This scheme aims to create self-employment opportunities in urban areas for the educated unemployed. 

This scheme facilitates the educated unemployed people to get financial help to set up any kind of enterprise.

2. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)

Under the scheme, all those who are willing to work at the minimum wage are offered work for a minimum period of 100 days

Those seeking jobs are to report in rural areas where the program is being launched.

Around 5 crore people were granted employment under this scheme.

3. Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)

The objective of this program is to provide self-employment or wage employment to urban unemployed or underemployed persons.

It consist of two schemes – Urban Self – Employment Programme (USEP) and Urban Wage Employment Programme (UWEP)

4. Pradhan Mantri Jandhan Yojana

Launched in 2014, this scheme encouraged people in India to open bank accounts. Not only does it promote saving habits, but also lets the government transfer all the benefits of schemes and subsidies directly into the bank accounts

Programs like Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana and Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana are aimed at improving infrastructure and housing facilities in India.

Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes

Notable Observation – The percentage of absolute poor in some states is better than the national average.

Shortcomings

Many of the benefits of direct poverty alleviation programs were reaped by non – poor due to unequal distribution of land and other assets.

Government and bank officials had a huge role to play in these programs. They were either ill-motivated, inadequately trained, corrupt, and vulnerable to pressure from local elites.

There was a lack of support from local institutions in the implementation of these programs.

Policies did not address the people living just above the poverty line.

Inactive participation of the poor, owing to constraints of accessibility in remote areas in interiors of villages.

Poverty Chapter Economics Class 11 Notes PDF

Students studying this chapter may encounter many difficulties with it since it is purely conceptual. There are many nuanced theories, and it requires a highly finetuned mind to understand the various sub-topics of the chapter. To counter this problem faced by students, Vedantu has developed economics class 11 chapter 4 notes. 

The notes thus created, simplify the studying process and help students to progress in their education. They make concepts clear and enhance the understanding of any pupil who feels weak in the subject.

Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 4

Vedantu’s notes are written in a concise and straightforward manner. They make a student’s life easier and are aimed at improving the overall knowledge of the students. 

Poverty Chapter Economics Class 11 Notes PDF: Poverty

This section deals with the definition of what is poverty and the two measures that are used to calculate it. The two methods are absolute poverty and relative poverty. These topics are discussed in detail.

Poverty Chapter Economics Class 11 Notes PDF: Poverty Line

These notes then progress into a definition of what is the poverty line. Five features of the poverty line are appropriately elaborated and explained.

Class 11 Indian Economics Chapter 4 Notes: Causes of Poverty

There are five methods to understand what are the causes of poverty. These are explained in thorough detail.

Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Notes: Ways to Remove Poverty

Five ways to reduce and remove poverty are elaborated in much detail. These methods to reduce poverty are accelerating growth, reducing the inequality of income, and population control.

Chapter 4 Poverty Class 11 Notes: Government Measures to Remove Poverty

The government of India brought about many reforms, and some of them are schemes implemented to alleviate those who live below the poverty line. Details of these schemes are intricately presented.

Poverty Chapter Economics Class 11 Notes PDF: Measuring Number of Poor

This section discusses the headcount ratio, which is an essential concept regarding the poverty line.

Poverty Chapter Economics Class 11 Notes PDF: Characteristics of Poor People

There are five characteristics of poor people which are laid out. These characteristics are hunger, malnutrition and starvation. Also, poor health and limited economic opportunities are an example of these characteristics.

Poverty chapter economics class 11 notes is a useful tool for students. They can refer to these notes at their convenience whenever they like. These notes are free and come in an easy to download format. Making the study of economics both enjoyable and simplified, these notes are worth using.

FAQs on Poverty Class 11 Notes CBSE Economics Chapter 4 (Free PDF Download)

1. What is poverty?

Poverty is that condition of life when a person is unable to meet any of his needs, both physical and basic needs. Such people find it difficult to pay for or fulfil their necessities. They lack the necessary means to accomplish this task. There are two ways in which one can measure poverty. One is the absolute poverty technique, and the other is a relative poverty technique. Utilising both these methods, students can gauge the poverty levels. As a student, if you have any difficulty in understanding the topic, you can always refer to poverty chapter economics class 11 notes pdf.

2. What is the poverty line?

The line of cut off on the line of distribution that divides the country into poor and non-poor is known as the poverty line. Those whose income falls below that line are called poor, and those whose income is above the line are called non-poor. When the planning commission decides on the line, it takes into consideration the food consumption. Using this definition, economists can easily denote who is below the line and who falls upon the line. Make use of class 11 economics poverty notes, and gain a complete understanding of the subject.

3. What are the causes of poverty?

There are several causes of poverty, and these can be explained in a nutshell. Population explosion is a major cause of poverty as is a high rate of unemployment. Even unequal wage distribution is counted among the causes of poverty. A high illiteracy rate can also result in a high percentage of unemployment as the population is not qualified to hold good jobs. Lastly, political factors are the primary cause of unemployment. The government of any country is responsible for creating jobs and encouraging the economy to grow. Chapter 4 economics class 11 notes will be helpful to any student that does not understand this concept.

4. How do you categorize poverty according to Chapter 11 Indian Economic Development of Class 11 Economics?

Chronic poor are those people who are always and usually poor but they may sometimes have a little money as we see in the case of casual workers. Another category is the transient poor consisting of the churning poor who constantly move in and out of poverty including seasonal and small workers and the occasionally poor who are rich most of the time but sometimes get out of luck and become poor. The non-poor are those who never get out of poverty.

5. What is the basis of the poverty line in India according to Chapter 11 Indian Economic Development of Class 11 Economics?

A poverty line is an economic tool used to measure poverty. The poverty line is measured by taking the Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) into consideration. In the year 2011-12, the poverty line as per the per capita expenditure was defined to be the consumption of Rs 816 per person in a month in rural areas and Rs 1000 per person in a month for people in urban areas. Consumption below this level means that they are below the poverty line.

These solutions are available on Vedantu's official website( vedantu.com ) and mobile app free of cost.

6. What are the cons of using MPCE as the basis for the poverty line according to Chapter 11 Indian Economic Development of Class 11 Economics?

The poverty line used by the government in India is based on the Monthly Per Capita Expenditure, which is the monetary value of the minimum calories intake estimated for rural and urban areas. The fault in using this basis to calculate the poverty line is that it does not differentiate between the very poor and the poor. Moreover, income and assets cannot be the sole consideration for poverty. Other factors like access to education, drinking water, sanitation, and health are equally important.

7. What is development according to Chapter 11 Indian Economic Development of Class 11 Economics?

Development is removing any obstacle that is in the way of things that a person can do in his life. For example, illiteracy, poor sanitation, ill health, poor access to resources or limited access to political and civil freedoms. Poverty alleviation is one development programme that governments have undertaken. Other development measures include providing education, an increase in agricultural production, and a high rate of employment. One of the main aims is also to improve the standard of living of people.

8. Why is poverty so rampant in India according to Chapter 11 Indian Economic Development of Class 11 Economics?

Ans: Poverty in India is rampant because of the following reasons -  

lack of quality education and skills 

social, political, and economic inequality 

high unemployment rate 

social exclusion as in the case of Dalits and women 

indebtedness 

unequal distribution of wealth which is making the rich richer and the poor poorer

poor infrastructure

lack of demand

low capital formation

To cover all other important points from this chapter, download the CBSE Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Notes Chapter 4 today.

CBSE Study Materials

What is Poverty? Exercise : Summary and Question Answers

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Understanding the text

Answer the following questions., a. what is poverty according to parker, b. how is poverty difficult for parker’s children list some specific examples., c. how does parker try to obtain help, and what problems does she encounter, d. why are people’s opinions and prejudices her greatest obstacles, e. how does parker defend her inability to get help how does she discount the usual solutions society has for poverty (e.g., welfare, education, and health clinics), reference to the context, a. explain the following: poverty is looking into a black future., b. what does parker mean by “the poor are always silent”, c. what writing strategy does the author use at the beginning of most of the paragraphs do you notice a recurring pattern what is it, d. how does parker develop each paragraph what details make each paragraph memorable, e. in the final paragraph, how does the author use questions to involve the reader in the issue of poverty, reference beyond the text, a. define a social problem (homelessness, unemployment, racism) imitating parker’s style..

A Social Problem: Unemployment

b. Using adjectives to highlight the futility of the situation, write a short definition essay on Growing up in Poverty.

Essay on Growing Up in Poverty

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