supporting statement in essay

Grammar Software

Grammar Checker

Types of supporting statements for your essay.

In essays, the body typically consists of a series of supporting statements that are designed to explain “why” you’re expressing a particular opinion.  This “why” can take the form of many different things.  Generally, though, it will fall under one (or more) of these five general types of supporting statements.

1. Specific examples

Examples are among the most popular supporting statements for essays, as they provide a tangible account that the reader can imagine, making your assertions more “real” in their minds.  If you argue that a particular politician is corrupt, for instance, you can state instances that depict that person in such a manner, making your claim more believable.

A fact is something that has been derived objectively – it’s something proven and undeniable.  As such, facts that support your assertions  – from statistics to scientific truths – make for some very compelling evidence.

When you provide supporting statements that aren’t completely “facts,” they generally fall under this category.  Reasons are typically drawn from both facts and opinions tied together by sound logic.  As such, they make sense as an argument, despite not owning full immunity to being challenged.  Want an example?  Read how many times we’ve promoted the use of a grammar checking software using pure “reasoning” in these pages.

4. Descriptions and anecdotes

Describing a particular situation or relaying an anecdotal event can sometimes prove to be a good method of illustrating a point.  Like reasons, they are often subject to interpretation.  When done well, however, they can illuminate unclear points.

5. Expert opinion

People may discount your opinion, but few will do the same for an expert in the field.  If you chance upon an authority on the subject that agrees with you, exploiting their words as a way to support your point can be very powerful.

« The Art and Science of Resume Proofreading: Crafting Your Path to Professional… The Crucial Importance of Proofreading: Polishing Your Words to Perfection »

• The Power of Supporting Sentences: Building Strong Arguments

Introduction

Supporting sentences are the unsung heroes of effective communication. While they may only sometimes take center stage in our writing and speaking, they are pivotal in conveying information, persuading audiences, and creating well-structured and coherent content. In this article, we will delve into the significance of supporting sentences, explore their various types, and discuss practical tips for using them effectively in different contexts.

Understanding Supporting Sentences

Supporting sentences, also known as detail or evidence, are the backbone of written or spoken communication. They serve the essential purpose of providing evidence, examples, or elaboration to support the main idea or thesis statement. Essentially, they are the glue that holds a paragraph or an argument together, making the content more convincing, informative, and engaging.

Types of Supporting Sentences

• Examples:  One of the most common types of supporting sentences involves providing examples that illustrate or clarify the main point. For instance, when explaining a concept, you can use concrete measures to make it more relatable and understandable. These examples add depth to your writing and help readers connect with your ideas.
• Statistics and Data:  Incorporating statistics and data into your supporting sentences can bolster your credibility when making a persuasive argument or discussing factual information. Numbers, percentages, and facts solidify your claims, making your argument more compelling and trustworthy.
• Analogies:  Analogies are powerful tools for drawing parallels between the unfamiliar and the familiar. Using analogies in supporting sentences can simplify complex ideas and make them accessible to a broader audience. They bridge what your audience knows and what you want them to understand.
• Quotations:  If you’re writing an academic paper, article, or essay, incorporating quotes from experts or reputable sources can lend authority and credibility to your arguments. Quotations serve as external validation of your claims and add depth to your content.
• Personal Stories or Anecdotes:  Sharing personal experiences or anecdotes can be particularly compelling in persuasive writing or when trying to establish an emotional connection with your audience. These stories can make your argument more relatable and emotionally resonant.
• Comparisons and Contrasts:  Comparative supporting sentences help clarify similarities and differences between two or more concepts, ideas, or objects. These sentences are precious when analyzing topics or presenting pros and cons.
• Cause and Effect:  Explaining the cause-and-effect relationship between events or ideas can help readers understand the consequences of specific actions or decisions. This type of supporting sentence is crucial in academic and analytical writing.
• Transitions and Linking Sentences:  Although often overlooked, transition sentences are vital in guiding readers through your content smoothly. They create logical connections between ideas, ensuring your writing flows seamlessly from one point to the next.

The Importance of Effective Supporting Sentences

• Clarity:  Well-crafted supporting sentences clarify your main ideas, making them more understandable to your audience. They prevent ambiguity and ensure that your message is conveyed accurately.
• Credibility:  Supporting sentences provide evidence and authority to your arguments. They show you have researched and can be trusted as a knowledgeable source.
• Engagement:  Engaging supporting sentences captivate your audience’s attention. They make your writing more attractive and keep readers or listeners actively involved in the content.
• Persuasion:  In persuasive writing, supporting sentences are your precise tools. They help convince your audience of your viewpoint by presenting compelling evidence and reasoning.
• Coherence:  Supporting sentences create a logical structure in your content, ensuring your ideas are connected and presented coherently. This coherence makes it easier for readers to follow your train of thought.

Tips for Using Supporting Sentences Effectively

• Stay focused:  Each supporting sentence should directly relate to the main idea or thesis statement. Avoid introducing irrelevant information that can confuse your audience.
• Vary sentence types:  Use a mix of supporting sentences to keep your writing engaging and address various aspects of your topic.
• Provide adequate evidence:  Ensure your supporting sentences offer enough evidence to support your claims. Avoid being too vague or overly general.
• Use transitions:  Employ transitional words and phrases to connect your supporting sentences and create a smooth flow between ideas.
• Balance quantity and quality:  While including enough supporting sentences to build a robust argument is essential, keep your writing manageable with details. Quality should always trump quantity.
• Revise and edit:  After writing, review your work to ensure that your supporting sentences effectively enhance your main ideas. Eliminate any redundancy or unnecessary repetition.

While often associated with formal writing and structured arguments, supporting sentences are also valuable in daily life for effective communication. Here are some common scenarios and contexts where you can use supporting sentences:

• Explaining Instructions or Processes:  When giving someone directions or describing how to do something, you can use supporting sentences to provide step-by-step guidance and offer additional details. For example, provide supporting sentences for each cooking step when teaching someone to cook a new recipe.
• “First, preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. This ensures that the dish bakes evenly. Then, grease the baking pan to prevent sticking.”
• Sharing Personal Stories: When sharing anecdotes or personal experiences in conversations, using supporting sentences can make your story more engaging and relatable. Adding details and context helps others connect with your narrative.
• “Last summer, during our family vacation, we decided to go camping in the mountains. It was such an adventure! One night, we heard rustling outside the tent, and my heart started pounding.”
• Making Persuasive Arguments: In everyday discussions or debates, you can employ supporting sentences to strengthen your arguments or opinions. Presenting evidence, examples, or data can make your point more convincing.
• “We should invest in renewable energy sources. Studies show that renewable energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions, crucial for combatting climate change.”
• Offering Recommendations or Advice: Using supporting sentences can help justify your recommendations when giving advice or suggesting solutions. Providing reasons or evidence can instill confidence in your suggestions.
• “If you’re looking for a reliable smartphone, I’d recommend the latest model from XYZ brand. It’s received positive reviews for its long battery life, excellent camera, and user-friendly interface.”
• Discussing Current Events: When discussing news or current events, supporting sentences can provide context and detail to help others better understand the situation. You can use statistics, facts, or historical information.
• “The economic downturn in the last decade, as evidenced by the double-digit unemployment rate, has had a lasting impact on our region’s job market.”
• Resolving Conflicts or Disagreements: Using supporting sentences can help you articulate your point of view more clearly and calmly in interpersonal conflicts or disagreements. Presenting facts and reasons can lead to a more productive discussion.
• “Our team would benefit from a different project management approach. Our current method has resulted in missed deadlines, and adopting a more structured approach could address this issue.”
• Expressing Gratitude or Appreciation: When thanking someone or expressing appreciation, providing specific examples in supporting sentences can convey the depth of your gratitude.
• “I wanted to express my heartfelt thanks for your support during my recovery. Your visits to the hospital, helping with household chores, and the thoughtful gifts meant the world to me.”
• Educational Conversations: While helping children or peers learn new concepts, supporting sentences can simplify complex ideas. Using examples or analogies can make the subject matter more accessible.
• “Think of photosynthesis as a plant’s way of making food. Like how we eat to get energy, plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their energy through photosynthesis.”

In daily life, supporting sentences can enhance your communication skills by making your messages more transparent, persuasive, and engaging whether explaining, persuading, or sharing stories, using supporting sentences effectively can help you connect with others and convey your ideas more effectively.

Here’s a table example illustrating different types of supporting sentences, along with model sentences for each class:

These example sentences illustrate how supporting sentences of various types can be used to enhance and reinforce the main ideas in different contexts.

Supporting sentences are the unsung heroes of effective communication. They provide the backbone for your arguments, clarify your ideas, and engage your audience. Whether writing an academic paper, a persuasive essay, a business proposal, or even a casual blog post, mastering the art of crafting compelling supporting sentences is essential for effective communication. By understanding their types, importance, and how to use them effectively, you can become a more persuasive and engaging communicator, making your writing and speaking more impactful and memorable.

• The Crucial Importance of Proofreading: Polishing Your Words to Perfection
• The Art and Science of Resume Proofreading: Crafting Your Path to Professional Success
• Mastering the Art of Reference Writing: A Comprehensive Guide
• The Art and Importance of Proofreading Websites: Elevating Online Content Quality
• The Crucial Role of Proofreading Services for Students
• Proofread or Proof Read? Clarifying the Confusion
• The Power of Proofreading with Grammarly: Elevating Your Writing to Perfection
• A Comprehensive Guide on How to Publish an Academic Paper
• Unlock Your Writing Potential with a Free Proofreading Course
• Elevate Your Writing with Professional Essay Proofreading Services
• Data: Singular or Plural? Unraveling the Grammar Puzzle
• Thank You For Subscribing

Powered by WordPress and Simple Affiliate WordPress Theme

Northern Illinois University Effective Writing Practices Tutorial

• Make a Gift
• MyScholarships
• Huskie Link
• Anywhere Apps
• Huskies Get Hired
• Student Email
• Password Self-Service
• Quick Links
• Effective Writing Practices Tutorial
• Organization
• Supporting Paragraphs

"A paragraph is a sentence or group of sentences that develops a main idea. Paragraphs serve as the primary building blocks of essays, reports, memos, and other forms of written composition" (Hult and Huckin, The New Century Handbook , 103).

In essence, paragraphs control the design and structure of the written composition. Paragraphs in the middle of your composition develop the thesis statement and provide transition ideas between supporting details.

Paragraphs should be " unified, coherent, and adequately developed , while flowing from one to the next as smoothly as possible" (Hult and Huckin, The New Century Handbook , 103).

Rule to Remember

Make sure all your paragraphs are unified, coherent, and adequately developed.

"A unified paragraph focuses on and develops a single main idea . This idea is typically captured in a single sentence, called a topic sentence . The other sentences in the paragraph, the supporting sentences , should elaborate on the topic sentence in a logical fashion (Hult and Huckin, The New Century Handbook , 104).

The supporting sentences, also called the body of the paragraph , are used to support, explain, illustrate, or provide evidence for the idea expressed in the topic sentence.

The main characteristics of a well-written paragraph

Introduce a topic sentence in your paragraph and then let the rest of the sentences build details to support it.

A paragraph should not introduce any other evidence or provide information that does not support the main idea; otherwise, the paragraph will lack unity and coherence.

Find logical subdivisions in your argument and organize them into unified paragraphs.

It is common to start a paragraph with a topic sentence and then let the rest of the sentences build details to support it. However, this is not by any means the only or the best pattern. The topic sentence can appear in any part of the paragraph or sometimes it can be implied.

Topic sentences at the beginning of a paragraph

In the following two paragraphs, the topic sentence appears at the beginning:

The environment the teacher creates in the classroom plays one of the most crucial roles in successful learning . This is true of any setting, whether the teaching occurs in a long academic program or in a tutoring situation. The teacher is a role model, a person students can trust, a guide, and a mentor. It is the responsibility of the teacher to create a low-anxiety environment in order to allow the students to enjoy the learning process. A good teacher tries to find out what works best with a particular learner or a group of learners and goes from there. What needs to come first in any learning situation is not a specific aspect or principle of methodology but the learners themselves.

From a Teaching Practicum Reflection Paper

Online education has become more popular than other forms of distance education because it offers learners a great deal of flexibility . Students have the freedom to work at their own pace, time, and chosen location. The flexibility of online learning makes it a very powerful tool that enhances learning, provides motivation for self-directed study, and, at the same time, increases convenience for learners with effective use of place and time. Online education is an excellent solution for those who consider learning to be a lifelong process. For adult learners, it provides the possibility to manage work, family, and other activities while still being able to take classes.

From a student research paper on Advantages and Limitations of Web-Based Instruction

"A topic sentence should, if possible, do four things: (1) provide a transition from a the preceding paragraph, (2) introduce the topic of the paragraph, (3) make a main point about this topic, and (4) suggest how the rest of the paragraph will develop this point" (Hult and Huckin, The New Century Handbook , 104).

Suggestions for writing paragraphs

• Avoid paragraphs that are either too long or too short
• Develop a single idea in a paragraph
• Use different patterns of paragraph development (narration, description, definition, example, comparison and contrast, analogy, cause and effect, or process)
• Provide transitions between paragraphs to make your writing flow smoothly (refer to the section on Transitions )

Audience also affects the choice of language, vocabulary, and sentence structures.

Reasons to start a new paragraph

• Introduce a new idea
• Emphasize an idea
• Introduce a logical pause
• Introduce a subtopic
• Conclude the composition

(Lunsford, The Everyday Writer , 48)

• Punctuation
• Reading the Assignment
• Addressing the Audience
• Introduction
• Thesis Statement
• Transitions
• Revision Process

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

36 Writing the Essay Body: Supporting Your Ideas

Whether the drafting of a paragraph begins with a main idea or whether that idea surfaces in the revision process, once you have that main idea, you’ll want to make sure that the idea has enough support. The job of the paragraph body is to develop and support the topic. Here’s one way that you might think about it:

• Topic sentence : what is the main claim of your paragraph; what is the most important idea that you want your readers to take away from this paragraph?
• Support in the form of evidence : how can you prove that your claim or idea is true (or important, or noteworthy, or relevant)?
• Support in the form of analysis or evaluation : what discussion can you provide that helps your readers see the connection between the evidence and your claim?
• Transition : how can you help your readers move from the idea you’re currently discussing to the next idea presented? For more specific discussion about transitions, see the following section on “ Transitions .”

For more on methods of development that can help you to develop and organize your ideas within paragraphs, see “ Patterns of Organization and Methods of Development ” later in this text.

Types of support might include

Now that we have a good idea what it means to develop support for the main ideas of your paragraphs, let’s talk about how to make sure that those supporting details are solid and convincing.

Strong vs. Weak Support

What questions will your readers have? What will they need to know? What makes for good supporting details? Why might readers consider some evidence to be weak?

If you’re already developing paragraphs, it’s likely that you already have a plan for your essay, at least at the most basic level. You know what your topic is, you might have a working thesis, and you probably have at least a couple of supporting ideas in mind that will further develop and support your thesis.

So imagine you’re developing a paragraph on one of these supporting ideas and you need to make sure that the support that you develop for this idea is solid. Considering some of the points about understanding and appealing to your audience (from the Audience and Purpose and the Prewriting sections of this text) can also be helpful in determining what your readers will consider good support and what they’ll consider to be weak. Here are some tips on what to strive for and what to avoid when it comes to supporting details.

Breaking, Combining, or Beginning New Paragraphs

Like sentence length, paragraph length varies. There is no single ideal length for “the perfect paragraph.”  There are some general guidelines, however.

Some writing handbooks or resources suggest that a paragraph should be at least three or four sentences; others suggest that 100 to 200 words is a good target to shoot for.

In academic writing, paragraphs tend to be longer, while in less formal or less complex writing, such as in a newspaper, paragraphs tend to be much shorter. Two-thirds to three-fourths of a page—or seven to twelve sentences—is usually a good target length for paragraphs at your current level of academic writing.

The amount of space needed to develop one idea will likely be different than the amount of space needed to develop another. So when is a paragraph complete? The answer is: when it’s fully developed. The guidelines above for providing good support should help.

Signs to end a paragraph and start a new one:

• You’re ready to begin developing a new idea.
• You want to emphasize a point by setting it apart.
• You’re getting ready to continue discussing the same idea but in a different way (e.g., shifting from comparison to contrast).
• You notice that your current paragraph is getting too long (more than three-fourths of a page or so), and you think your writers will need a visual break.

Signs to combine paragraphs include:

• You notice that some of your paragraphs appear to be short and choppy.
• You have multiple paragraphs on the same topic.
• You have undeveloped material that needs to be united under a clear topic.

Finally, paragraph number is a lot like paragraph length. You may have been asked in the past to write a five-paragraph essay. There’s nothing inherently wrong with a five-paragraph essay, but just like sentence length and paragraph length, the number of paragraphs in an essay depends upon what’s needed to get the job done. There’s really no way to know that until you start writing. So try not to worry too much about the proper length and number of things unless those are specified in your assignment. Just start writing and see where the essay and the paragraphs take you. There will be plenty of time to sort out the organization in the revision process. You’re not trying to fit pegs into holes here. You’re letting your ideas unfold. Give yourself—and them—the space to let that happen.

Text Attributions

• This chapter was adapted from “ The Paragraph Body: Supporting Your Ideas ” in The Word on College Reading and Writing by Carol Burnell, Jaime Wood, Monique Babin, Susan Pesznecker, and Nicole Rosevear, which is licensed under a CC BY-NC 4.0 Licence . Adapted by Allison Kilgannon.

Advanced English Copyright © 2021 by Allison Kilgannon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book

Integrating Sources

The paragraph body: supporting your ideas.

Whether the drafting of a paragraph begins with a main idea or whether that idea surfaces in the revision process, once you have that main idea, you’ll want to make sure that the idea has enough support. The job of the paragraph body is to develop and support the topic. Here’s one way that you might think about it:

• Topic sentence: what is the main claim of your paragraph; what is the most important idea that you want your readers to take away from this paragraph? • Support in the form of evidence: how can you prove that your claim or idea is true (or important, or noteworthy, or relevant)? • Support in the form of analysis or evaluation: what discussion can you provide that helps your readers see the connection between the evidence and your claim? • Transition: how can you help your readers move from the idea you’re currently discussing to the next idea presented? (For more specific discussion about transitions, see the following section on “Developing Relationships between Ideas”). For more on methods of development that can help you to develop and organize your ideas within paragraphs, see “Patterns of Organization and Methods of Development” later in this section of this text.

Now that we have a good idea what it means to develop support for the main ideas of your paragraphs, let’s talk about how to make sure that those supporting details are solid and convincing.

Good vs. Weak Support

What questions will your readers have? What will they need to know? What makes for good supporting details? Why might readers consider some evidence to be weak?

If you’re already developing paragraphs, it’s likely that you already have a plan for your essay, at least at the most basic level. You know what your topic is, you might have a working thesis, and you probably have at least a couple of supporting ideas in mind that will further develop and support your thesis.

So imagine you’re developing a paragraph on one of these supporting ideas and you need to make sure that the support that you develop for this idea is solid. Considering some of the points about understanding and appealing to your audience (from the Audience and Purpose and the Prewriting sections of this text) can also be helpful in determining what your readers will consider good support and what they’ll consider to be weak. Here are some tips on what to strive for and what to avoid when it comes to supporting details.

Good support • Is relevant and focused (sticks to the point). • Is well developed. • Provides sufficient detail. • Is vivid and descriptive. • Is well organized. • Is coherent and consistent. • Highlights key terms and ideas.

Weak Support • Lacks a clear connection to the point that it’s meant to support. • Lacks development. • Lacks detail or gives too much detail. • Is vague and imprecise. • Lacks organization. • Seems disjointed (ideas don’t clearly relate to each other). • Lacks emphasis of key terms and ideas.

Breaking, Combining, or Beginning New Paragraphs

Like sentence length, paragraph length varies. There is no single ideal length for “the perfect paragraph.” There are some general guidelines, however. Some writing handbooks or resources suggest that a paragraph should be at least three or four sentences; others suggest that 100 to 200 words is a good target to shoot for. In academic writing, paragraphs tend to be longer, while in less formal or less complex writing, such as in a newspaper, paragraphs tend to be much shorter. Two-thirds to three-fourths of a page is usually a good target length for paragraphs at your current level of college writing. If your readers can’t see a paragraph break on the page, they might wonder if the paragraph is ever going to end or they might lose interest.

The most important thing to keep in mind here is that the amount of space needed to develop one idea will likely be different than the amount of space needed to develop another. So when is a paragraph complete? The answer is, when it’s fully developed. The guidelines above for providing good support should help.

Some signals that it’s time to end a paragraph and start a new one include that • You’re ready to begin developing a new idea. • You want to emphasize a point by setting it apart. • You’re getting ready to continue discussing the same idea but in a different way (e.g. shifting from comparison to contrast). • You notice that your current paragraph is getting too long (more than three-fourths of a page or so), and you think your writers will need a visual break. Some signals that you may want to combine paragraphs include that • You notice that some of your paragraphs appear to be short and choppy. • You have multiple paragraphs on the same topic. • You have undeveloped material that needs to be united under a clear topic.

Finally, paragraph number is a lot like paragraph length. You may have been asked in the past to write a five paragraph essay. There’s nothing inherently wrong with a five-paragraph essay, but just like sentence length and paragraph length, the number of paragraphs in an essay depends upon what’s needed to get the job done. There’s really no way to know that until you start writing. So try not to worry too much about the proper length and number of things. Just start writing and see where the essay and the paragraphs take you. There will be plenty of time to sort out the organization in the revision process. You’re not trying to fit pegs into holes here. You’re letting your ideas unfold. Give yourself—and them—the space to let that happen.

Developing Relationships Between Ideas

So you have a main idea, and you have supporting ideas, but how can you be sure that your readers will understand the relationships between them? How are the ideas tied to each other? One way to emphasize these relationships is through the use of clear transitions between ideas. Like every other part of your essay, transitions have a job to do. They form logical connections between the ideas presented in an essay or paragraph, and they give readers clues that reveal how you want them to think about (process, organize, or use) the topics presented.

Why are Transitions Important?

Transitions signal the order of ideas, highlight relationships, unify concepts, and let readers know what’s coming next or remind them about what’s already been covered. When instructors or peers comment that your writing is choppy, abrupt, or needs to “flow better,” those are some signals that you might need to work on building some better transitions into your writing. If a reader comments that she’s not sure how something relates to your thesis or main idea, a transition is probably the right tool for the job.

When Is the Right Time to Build in Transitions?

There’s no right answer to this question. Sometimes transitions occur spontaneously, but just as often (or maybe even more often) good transitions are developed in revision. While drafting, we often write what we think, sometimes without much reflection about how the ideas fit together or relate to one another. If your thought process jumps around a lot (and that’s okay), it’s more likely that you will need to pay careful attention to reorganization and to providing solid transitions as you revise.

When you’re working on building transitions into an essay, consider the essay’s overall organization. Consider using reverse outlining and other organizational strategies presented in this text to identify key ideas in your essay and to get a clearer look at how the ideas can be best organized. This can help you determine where transitions are needed.

Let’s take some time to consider the importance of transitions at the sentence level and transitions between paragraphs.

Sentence-Level Transitions

Transitions between sentences often use “connecting words” to emphasize relationships between one sentence and another. A friend and coworker suggests the “something old something new” approach, meaning that the idea behind a transition is to introduce something new while connecting it to something old from an earlier point in the essay or paragraph. Here are some examples of ways that writers use connecting words (highlighted with red text and italicized) to show connections between ideas in adjacent sentences:

To Show Similarity When I was growing up, my mother taught me to say “please” and “thank you” as one small way that I could show appreciation and respect for others. In the same way, I have tried to impress the importance of manners onmy own children. Other connecting words that show similarity include also, similarly, and likewise.

To Show Contrast Some scientists take the existence of black holes for granted; however, in 2014, a physicist at the University of North Carolina claimed to have mathematically proven that they do not exist. Other connecting words that show contrast include in spite of, on the other hand, in contrast, and yet.

To Exemplify The cost of college tuition is higher than ever, so students are becoming increasingly motivated to keep costs as low as possible. For example, a rising number of students are signing up to spend their first two years at a less costly community college before transferring to a more expensive four-year school to finish their degrees. Other connecting words that show example include for instance, specifically, and to illustrate.

To Show Cause and Effect Where previously painters had to grind and mix their own dry pigments with linseed oil inside their studios, in the 1840s, new innovations in pigments allowed paints to be premixed in tubes. Consequently, this new technology facilitated the practice of painting outdoors and was a crucial tool for impressionist painters, such as Monet, Cezanne, Renoir, and Cassatt. Other connecting words that show cause and effect include therefore, so, and thus.

To Show Additional Support When choosing a good trail bike, experts recommend 120–140 millimeters of suspension travel; that’s the amount that the frame or fork is able to flex or compress. Additionally, they recommend a 67–69 degree head-tube angle, as a steeper head-tube angle allows for faster turning and climbing. Other connecting words that show additional support include also, besides, equally important, and in addition.

A Word of Caution

Single-word or short-phrase transitions can be helpful to signal a shift in ideas within a paragraph, rather than between paragraphs (see the discussion below about transitions between paragraphs). But it’s also important to understand that these types of transitions shouldn’t be frequent within a paragraph. As with anything else that happens in your writing, they should be used when they feel natural and feel like the right choice. Here are some examples to help you see the difference between transitions that feel like they occur naturally and transitions that seem forced and make the paragraph awkward to read:

Too Many Transitions : The Impressionist painters of the late 19th century are well known for their visible brush strokes, for their ability to convey a realistic sense of light, and for their everyday subjects portrayed in outdoor settings. In spite of this fact, many casual admirers of their work are unaware of the scientific innovations that made it possible this movement in art to take place. Then, In 1841, an American painter named John Rand invented the collapsible paint tube. To illustrate the importance of this invention, pigments previously had to be ground and mixed in a fairly complex process that made it difficult for artists to travel with them. For example, the mixtures were commonly stored in pieces of pig bladder to keep the paint from drying out. In addition, when working with their palettes, painters had to puncture the bladder, squeeze out some paint, and then mend the bladder again to keep the rest of the paint mixture from drying out. Thus, Rand’s collapsible tube freed the painters from these cumbersome and messy processes, allowing artists to be more mobile and to paint in the open air.

Subtle Transitions that Aid Reader Understanding : The Impressionist painters of the late 19th century are well known for their visible brush strokes, for their ability to convey a realistic sense of light, for their everyday subjects portrayed in outdoor settings. However, many casual admirers of their work are unaware of the scientific innovations that made it possible for this movement in art to take place. In 1841, an American painter named John Rand invented the collapsible paint tube. Before this invention, pigments had to be ground and mixed in a fairly complex process that made it difficult for artists to travel with them. The mixtures were commonly stored in pieces of pig bladder to keep the paint from drying out. When working with their palettes, painters had to puncture the bladder, squeeze out some paint, and then mend the bladder again to keep the rest of the paint mixture from drying out. Rand’s collapsible tube freed the painters from these cumbersome and messy processes, allowing artists to be more mobile and to paint in the open air.

Transitions between Paragraphs and Sections

It’s important to consider how to emphasize the relationships not just between sentences but also between paragraphs in your essay. Here are a few strategies to help you show your readers how the main ideas of your paragraphs relate to each other and also to your thesis.

Use Signposts

Signposts are words or phrases that indicate where you are in the process of organizing an idea; for example, signposts might indicate that you are introducing a new concept, that you are summarizing an idea, or that you are concluding your thoughts. Some of the most common signposts include words and phrases like first, then, next, finally, in sum, and in conclusion. Be careful not to overuse these types of transitions in your writing. Your readers will quickly find them tiring or too obvious. Instead, think of more creative ways to let your readers know where they are situated within the ideas presented in your essay. You might say, “The first problem with this practice is…” Or you might say, “The next thing to consider is…” Or you might say, “Some final thoughts about this topic are….”

Use Forward-Looking Sentences at the End of Paragraphs Sometimes, as you conclude a paragraph, you might want to give your readers a hint about what’s coming next. For example, imagine that you’re writing an essay about the benefits of trees to the environment and you’ve just wrapped up a paragraph about how trees absorb pollutants and provide oxygen. You might conclude with a forward- looking sentence like this: “Trees benefits to local air quality are important, but surely they have more to offer our communities than clean air.” This might conclude a paragraph (or series of paragraphs) and then prepare your readers for additional paragraphs to come that cover the topics of trees’ shade value and ability to slow water evaporation on hot summer days. This transitional strategy can be tricky to employ smoothly. Make sure that the conclusion of your paragraph doesn’t sound like you’re leaving your readers hanging with the introduction of a completely new or unrelated topic.

Use Backward-Looking Sentences at the Beginning of Paragraphs Rather than concluding a paragraph by looking forward, you might instead begin a paragraph by looking back. Continuing with the example above of an essay about the value of trees, let’s think about how we might begin a new paragraph or section by first taking a moment to look back. Maybe you just concluded a paragraph on the topic of trees’ ability to decrease soil erosion and you’re getting ready to talk about how they provide habitats for urban wildlife. Beginning the opening of a new paragraph or section of the essay with a backward-looking transition might look something like this: “While their benefits to soil and water conservation are great, the value that trees provide to our urban wildlife also cannot be overlooked.”

Evaluate Transitions for Predictability or Conspicuousness

Finally, the most important thing about transitions is that you don’t want them to become repetitive or too obvious. Reading your draft aloud is a great revision strategy for so many reasons, and revising your essay for transitions is no exception to this rule. If you read your essay aloud, you’re likely to hear the areas that sound choppy or abrupt. This can help you make note of areas where transitions need to be added. Repetition is another problem that can be easier to spot if you read your essay aloud. If you notice yourself using the same transitions over and over again, take time to find some alternatives. And if the transitions frequently stand out as you read aloud, you may want to see if you can find some subtler strategies.

• The Paragraph Body from The Word on College Reading and Writing. Authored by : Monique Babin, Clackamas Community College Carol Burnell, Clackamas Community College Susan Pesznecker, Portland State University. Provided by : Open Textbook Library. Located at : https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/BookDetail.aspx?bookId=471 . Project : Center for Open Education. License : CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial

Online Learning Resources

Academic skills office, academic skills.

• Introduction
• Academic essays
• Thesis statement
• Question analysis
• Sample essay
• Introduction paragraphs
• Beginner paragraphs
• Perfecting Paragraphs
• Academic paragraphs
• Conclusion paragraphs
• Academic writing style
• Using headings
• Using evidence

Supporting evidence

• Citing authors
• Quoting authors
• Paraphrasing authors
• Summarising authors
• Tables & figures
• Synthesising evidence
• About academic reading
• Identify your purpose for reading
• Some reading techniques
• Effective reading keto diet and alcoholic cirrhosis will uric acid pills lower blood pressure where can you get diet pills how many beets to eat to lower blood pressure 2015 learn about keto diet blood pressure medication makers what diabetes meds cause high blood pressure does lithium cause erectile dysfunction the most extreme weight loss pills for men what can help lower blood pressure it you rum out of meds perscription diet pills will formula 303 lower blood pressure diet v8 splash on keto irwin naturals ripped man reviews just angina raise or lower blood pressure
• Making notes keto diet skin on chicken thighs cons on keto diet federal funding for viagra african penis enlargement custom what kind of yogurt can you eat on keto diet different types of diets to lose weight fast can i have banana on keto diet phen phen diet pills for sale how to lose weight fast fully raw christina sugar bear hair vitamin and keto diet san diego county adolescent sexual health data where can i buy elite max keto diet pills how can i get a prescription for blood pressure medicine forged supplements keto diet ad
• Overcoming reading difficulties lifestyle changes to lose weight forskolin trim diet reviews blood pressure medicine used for does a keto diet make you gain fat medication chart for home a guys dicks what can you naturally take to lower your blood pressure immediately how do i tell if my health insurance will cover diet pills fessiona male enhancement how ro increase your sex drive how to lower yuor systolic blood pressure adam secret extra strength medication cognitive function and high blood pressure g herbal medicine for bp which high blood pressure meds are recalled

For every claim you make in your writing, you will be required to prove your point. Your opinions and generalisations will need factual detail (evidence) to support them. Those supporting details may come from a number of different types of sources.

About placing evidence in your essay

In a standard essay, you can follow these general rules (i.e. rules may vary) about where you should put your evidence:

Click on each link for a description.

Supported facts and unsupported facts

Statements in academic writing need to be supported by factual details. When you are editing your writing, you will need to check that you have supported your claims with adequate evidence. For example:

Check the following sentence to see if you can recognise unsupported and supported facts:

The learning and teaching report showed that incorrect punctuation caused the most problems for students in conveying meaning in their essay writing (Department of Student Services, 2013, p. 23).

To convey meaning, students must punctuate their work correctly.

Types of supporting details

There are a number of ways you can support your claims in writing by using information/evidence from the work of (significant) writers and researchers. The following are three of the most common techniques:

• Quotations (e.g. direct quotes, paraphrases, summaries)
• Examples (e.g. illustrations of your points)
• Statistics (e.g. facts, figures, diagrams)

Check the following sentence to see if you can identify quotations, examples and statistics:

Many student writers have difficulty with some aspects of punctuation. For example, researchers (George et al., 2016; Jones & Brown, 2013; Smith, 2012) find that many students misuse commas, mix up colons and semicolons and use capital letters incorrectly.

In its research project, the Literacy Foundation (2014, p. 167) argues that “common punctuation errors cause problems with meaning-making in student writing”.

The Literacy Reference Group (2017, para. 10) finds that more than 60% of the students who were assessed on their literacy scale made errors in their punctuation.

Using supporting and opposing ideas

When you have sorted out the position you will take in your essay, you will write a number of paragraphs to provide support for your stance. It is also equally valuable to find information that does not support your stance and argue against those opposite points of view. Statements that you use to do this can follow a simple pattern:

• write support statement (sentence)

Read a 'supporting' argument

Supporting Argument

Writing about the opposing ideas

• write a statement with the idea you disagree with (the opposing idea)

Opposing Argument

Don’t do this.

• Don’t put information in your essay that comes from the recesses of your mind without finding an authority to support your statements
• Don’t use authorities that have no academic credibility (e.g. a popular magazine)
• Don’t use your lecture notes (even with appropriate referencing) as the sole authority in your assignments

eSkills 2.0 SOL: AR

• Report broken link
• Found an error?
• Suggestions

How to Write a Supporting Statement with Examples

Learning how to write a supporting statement is important. Supporting statements have over recent years become an important part of the application process. This is partly because sending a CV/resume when applying for a job has become easier than ever before. Employers are flooded with applications! On the flip side this has made it harder for  the hiring managers to decide whether a person’s is simply spamming their CV and if interest is genuine or not. A personal statement is a great way of filtering that challenge. In this blog post you’re going to learn how to write a supporting statement with examples.

What is a supporting statement

A supporting statement can be considered as a shorter and more concise version of your cover letter.  It should be no longer than two paragraphs long and take up approximately a quarter of an A4 sheet of paper,  so up to between 80 to 150 words. 

Why are supporting statements important?

Supporting statements have a starring role in the modern job application process. The role of the supporting statement is to provide added value to your CV or resume.  If your CV or resume is the cake, then the supporting statement will be the icing. It’s an enhancer there to help your CV shine and provide colour to the content. You could even say it is the job application equivalent of MSG,  it’s there to bring out the flavour in your CV.  Although unlike MSG It has no effect on your health! 

Companies also value the fact that you have gone the extra mile when writing a supporting statement for a job. By not simply sending your CV, but also demonstrating that you have an authentic interest in that particular position.  This will make it easier for you in your job application  to ultimately get through to the interview stage. At the interview stage it’s important to learn the STAR interview technique as well as know which killer interview questions work best. To be able to master this skill I would recommend that you consider interview coaching , as it will allow you to shine in your interviews.

In the rest of this post we’re going to cover the various key aspects when it comes to writing a supporting statement.  Furthermore to also discuss example supporting statements. 

How to start a supporting statement

When starting to write your supporting statement  The key is to build context quickly you’re trying to paint a picture as fast as possible in the hiring manager’s mind.  When learning how to write the start of a supporting statement, it’s essential that you mentioned the following:

•  Your Job Title or Specialisation as a professional.
• The number of years experience you have. 
• The type of industries or organisations that you’ve worked for or with.

The reason why listing your job title or specialisation is very important is that when it comes to writing a supporting statement for a job, this helps instantly build context.  The reader will be able to understand your current role and can visualise what you might be doing in your job.  Now if it’s the case that your job title doesn’t align very well for the vacancy that you are applying for, maybe you are trying to move into a more senior position. Then  it’s better to mention your specialisation, saying something along the lines of marketing professional rather than marketing coordinator   since your job title of marketing coordinator is lower than that of a marketing manager which is the role that you’re targeting.

Mentioning the number of years that you have experienced again goes back to the fundamental principles on how to  write a job supporting statement, which is to create context quickly. By mentioning the number of years they automatically know how experienced you are. Usually experience correlates with the seniority of the role that you’re applying for for example if you’ve got two years of experience it’s very unlikely that you will be going for a manager role. However it is generally acceptable that if you have around 4 years experience that a manager position is something you’d be suitable to apply for. So  from my experience there’s very little negative when it comes to measuring the number of years. 

Also by talking about the organisations and industries that you’ve worked in, goes back to that to the importance of painting a picture very quickly when writing a supporting or summarising statement.  Particularly if you have worked with or for well-known recognisable brands. This aspect of starting your statement  is critical. 

How to write a supporting statement

To write a personal statement  there are a number of  important principles  to follow. Below are the list of three key steps you will be able to write a supporting statement for a job whatever your level of experience.

• Be descriptive by using figures and numbers
• Talk about the  quantifiable skills that you possess
• Mention something specific that impressed you about the organisation or the role

1) Be descriptive by using figures and numbers

To write a supporting statement first you need to understand that a  supporting statement  has to be concise and numbers are critical in creating context and understanding quickly. By saying the number of years of experience that you have,  the amount of people that you’ve led, the size of the budgets that you manage, and how much money you’ve generated or saved  within your company. Will instantly have a positive impact!

2) Talk about the quantifiable skills that you possess

Remember that you’re trying to build a picture as quickly as possible about you in the shower for the shortest amount of time. Soft skills are very difficult to express in writing because they are subjective and require greater explanation.  Talking about  your quantifiable skills can instantly allow the hiring manager to see your level of competence in ability to do the job for example if you have experience of  a particular type of programming language such as Java or have experience of using software’s such as SAS.   Or that you know a particular type of analysis technique when conducting research that is easy for others to appreciate and understand.

3) Mention something specific that impressed you about the organisation or the role

A key aspect of the supporting statement  compared to a Resume or CV is that you’re showcasing and demonstrating specific interest in that role or the organisation therefore it’s vital that you do that.  One of the ways that you can do this is to Showcase in the research that you’ve done  on the organisation  by mentioning alignment of their values with yours, where specifically their vision and goals, finally alignment with what you will bring to the table. 

How long should a supporting statement be?

The recommended length of a supporting statement should be between 100 to 150 words and a maximum of two to three paragraphs long. This is an important rule to stick to because you do not want your supporting statement becoming too long and turning into a cover letter because then it defeats the whole purpose and function of what the supporting or summarising statement is supposed to do. Especially statements when applying to competitive companies such as Google, Amazon , AWS, the NHS and Civil service . If you’re interested in writing a personal statement with example definitely visit our blog section to read more. 

Tips for writing your supporting statement

There’s important factors that you need to consider when writing a supporting statement. We’ve already discussed the key components in terms of structuring your supporting statement; however now I will give you some strategies to make it easy for you to write a supporting statement.

• Less is more! Think about how you can write something as concisely as possible, think Twitter rather than a Facebook post.
• Use positive emotive language to speak about yourself.
• If you’re not sure about  exact facts and figures, have used approximately or between e.g. approximately £10m, between 20-30 staff members.

Supporting statement templates

So now we’re going to look at some supporting statement examples as well as templates.  This includes statements to support job application examples. 

[Current job title] possessing over [years of experience], working for the likes of [companies you’ve worked for or with]. Expertise include [list technical expertise]. Garnering a track record of success [ list achievements].

I’m excited by this opportunity at [organisation name] firstly because I believe your mission of [organisation mission] and values [ list values] align with my own. Secondly because I believe that my experiences are an excellent match for [list job title] and I would love to have the opportunity to demonstrate my credentials further in an interview.

So above is a simple yet effective template statement to support job application example. By using it you will be able to write job statements when applying without much stress or bother.

Supporting Statement Examples

Now we’re going to look at some supporting statement example UK, USA, UAE, Singapore and Australia. Also to write a statement examples for anywhere else in the world.

Example 1: Supporting Statement For Digital marketing expert

“My name is [Name]. An experienced digital marketing expert with over 5 years of experience working for the likes of  Barclays, JP Morgan, Vans and Adidas. Expertise include developing bespoke social media campaigns across Facebook YouTube Instagram Snapchat and Tiktok.  generating revenues in excess of 2 million dollars. 

I’m interested in this opportunity because your vision on how to make creative content for big brand, as well as your values of innovation respect any quality align with my own.  I believe that with my experience, knowledge and expertise I can contribute to your organisation and would love the opportunity to be invited for an interview.”

Example 2: Supporting Statement For business analyst

“My name is [Name]. MBA-qualified Business Analyst with over 7 years professional experience within the Healthcare, Automotive and Aerospace sector.  This includes working for Jaguar Land Rover, Airbus and NHS England. Expertise include business process mapping,  multiple stakeholder management,  and Excel.  Successfully helped deliver over 5 key business Improvement projects valued between £5m-£10m.

I’m excited by the possibility of working with  your organisation, your values of  honesty, integrity and fun, as well as your desire  to create green solutions for the transportation sector. This  is something that aligns with my own personal values and mission.  I would love to have the opportunity to be able to discuss my credentials in an interview.”

Farhan Raja

I'm Farhan, the Founder and Coach at JobInterviewology.com, one of the world’s leading Career and interview Coaching specialists. Bringing over a decade of industry experience and a passion for guiding individuals in their career journeys. As an Interview and Career Coach, I've authored the eBook '10 Simple Steps to CV & Resume Success,' directed a leading UK CV writing specialist, and pioneered the iPREP interview coaching methodology. My career and interview coaching has spanned over 10 years across diverse industries, from IT giants like Google and Microsoft to vital sectors like Civil Service & NHS, Pharma, Finance, Engineering, Automotive, Construction, Logistics, Banking, and Management Consulting. I've had the privilege of assisting professionals in presenting their best selves, and targeting roles at renowned companies like Amazon, GSK, EY, Shell, Rolls Royce and more.

Related Posts

The Civil Service salary scale can be quite difficult to understand and navigate.  There are a whole range of gradings…

  The NHS is one of the largest employers outside of the civil service within the UK, and if you’re…

With Google being such a large company With over a hundred thousand employees expanding all four continents with a whole…

The first 90 days in a new job is a crucial period on two levels. Firstly to pass your probationary…

Learning how to write a  great personal statement is a vital skill when applying for jobs, in this blog post…

The average executive salary can be broad; this is mainly down to a number of factors including the sector, the…

Leave a comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Book your Free Expert Consultation

• Privacy Overview
• Strictly Necessary Cookies
• 3rd Party Cookies

This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.

Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings.

If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again.

This website uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site, and the most popular pages.

Keeping this cookie enabled helps us to improve our website.

Please enable Strictly Necessary Cookies first so that we can save your preferences!

Supporting Statement Examples – Complete Writing Guide

Sometimes, in order to come up with a great supporting statement, you need to first have a clear understanding of what you’re trying to say. One way to do this is to use a supporting statement example.

A supporting statement is a written statement that can be included in many job applications. Any employer could ask you to write a supporting statement, although they’re most popular in applications for education, the public sector, and non-profit organizations.

This article will show you how to write a supporting statement.

The supporting statement gives you the opportunity to show how you meet all of the critical and, if possible, desired criteria in their unique specification.

A person specification is a document that outlines the skills and abilities that the employer expects you to possess in order to complete the job successfully. It highlights the necessary abilities, experience, and expertise for the position.

The criteria could be in the form of a grid or a list, with each criterion labeled as either “important” or “desirable.”

Be aware that some individual specifications will require you to download a separate document.

Your supporting statement will be evaluated against the person specification criteria, and the employer will decide whether or not to invite you to the next stage of the interview process. In most circumstances, this will be the stage of the interview.

It’s Good To Know: 500 Word Personal Statement Examples

How To Write A Supporting Statement For A Job Example

A supporting statement is used to clarify or amplify the information provided in other documents or to provide information that was not included elsewhere.

When writing a supporting statement, it is important to remember that the goal is to provide additional information that supports the application or claim. The statement should be clear, concise, and to the point. It is also important to ensure that all of the information in the statement is accurate and up-to-date.

If you are not sure how to write a supporting statement, or if you need help starting, a good place to start is by using a supporting statement template. A supporting statement template will provide you with a framework for writing your statement and will ensure that you’ve included all of the key information.

Make sure you’ve read the directions for the supporting statement (if any), so you know exactly what to add before you start. We recommend utilizing the template below if you haven’t been provided any special requirements for the supporting statement.

Also, if there even is one, take the time to read the role’s person specification attentively, as this document will be crucial in putting up your supporting statement.

Here are some steps to writing a supporting statement:

1. Introduce Yourself

How to introduce yourself in a supporting statement? The first paragraph should introduce yourself and provide a quick explanation of who you are and why you are the best candidate for the job, such as “I am an award-winning fundraiser with extensive corporate experience.” It is critical to present yourself in a strong and positive light right from the outset.

Look at this example:

“I am a gold medallist graduate of XYZ University with a degree in Nursing with one year of experience working as a nurse at a well-known hospital, XYZ. I am interested in obtaining a position as a Registered Nurse at your hospital.

My education and experience have prepared me to be a valuable asset to your team. I am confident that I have the potential to be a great nurse, and I look forward to discussing this opportunity further with you.”

Remember to include your name and address in both the accompanying statement and your CV. You would like to make it as simple as possible for the employer to figure out who you are if they become separated.

2. Write About The Institution/Organization

You’ll have to explain why you desire this exact career and to work for this specific company, which will need some background in your study. Explain how your goals, methods, and beliefs align with theirs, as well as what impresses and attracts you to the institution/organization.

3. Highlight And Proof Your Skills/Abilities

Then, using examples from your expertise, go over all of the requirements and desirables included in the person specification and describe how you satisfy them. Wherever possible, use real examples and data, such as “improved efficiency by 25% while saving over £10k from the initial budget.”

Make sure the supporting statement reflects your personality and demonstrates your motivation and enthusiasm. Make positive statements about oneself, such as “I have…” rather than “my previous employer has…” Bullet points and powerful, energetic verbs can help add oomph to your application.

4. Use The STAR Model

You must ensure that your responses have some order while composing your supporting statement. The STAR model is a useful tool for organizing your supporting statements.

• S–Situation\s

It’s critical to stick to the structure of the essential criteria to avoid missing anything. It also aids in evaluating your abilities, qualities, and experiences that would assist you in fitting into the job or firm.

5. Conclusion

Your final line should reiterate your passion for the position and that you are the ideal candidate for it.

3 Tips To Write Supporting Statement

Thoroughly read and keep the following tips in mind while writing your Supporting Statement!

1. Keep It To The Point And Brief

Recruiters don’t want to read pages of prose, so make your supporting statement as short as possible while still containing all of the needed information. Avoid exaggerating and repeating things. Try to keep your introduction to the point and concise and avoid being over-smart.

Here is such an example of supporting statement:

“Hello, my name is ________ and I would like to apply for the job of ________. I am the most qualified person for this job. Not only am I intelligent and have a great work ethic, but I also have the required experience. In addition, I have superb interpersonal skills that will enable me to build relationships with clients. Consequently, I will be able to increase business for the company.

I am also proficient in QuickBooks and I have a strong understanding of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). I consider myself an ideal candidate because I have excellent communication skills and I am able to work well both independently and as part of a team. I’m confident that I can be a valuable asset to your team. I look forward to the opportunity to interview for the position!”

Keep this example in mind and now look at this one:

“I am a recent graduate of XYZ University. I’m interested in obtaining a position as a Junior Accountant with your company. I have a strong background in accounting, and I am very detail-oriented. I am confident that I have the skills and qualifications that you are looking for in a Junior Accountant. You will find me to be a well-qualified candidate for the position. I would be grateful for the opportunity to interview for the position.”

Follow the same with the rest of your application. Just keep it concise and to the point. After you’ve completed it, go back and eliminate anything that isn’t necessary. Additionally, have a friend or co-worker proofread the statement before sending it.

Consider your language and phrases to make a great impact. You can even utilize the same language and words used by the business in the job description and person specification.

2. Use A Criteria

Consider using the criteria as subheadings within your statement or numbering your paragraphs to indicate which criterion you’re talking about if the criteria are numbered. Similar criteria should lie in a group together wherever possible and logically to save time, space, and the repeating of your evidence throughout the statement.

Explain why and how something satisfies the criteria, not just what you’ve done. If you can’t think of any relevant instances for the role you’re applying for, think of where you can demonstrate the criteria in your previous experience and write about it.

3. Proofread before submitting

Before you email it, get some comments from friends, family, or job counselors. Compose your statement in a word document before putting it into the application – this will allow us to make adjustments, check spelling and punctuation, and also save your work as you go. If you are invited to an interview, save a copy of your supporting statement so you may read it and familiarise yourself with it before going.

How to End a Supporting Statement

I am confident that I have the skills and experience required for the role, and I can assure you that I will be a valuable asset to your team. I am motivated and eager to learn, and I am confident that I can make a positive contribution to your organization. I’m confident that I have the skills and experience required for the role, and I can assure you that I will be a valuable asset to your team. I am motivated and eager to learn, and I am confident that I can make a positive contribution to your organization.

1. Re-emphasise Your Suitability for the Role

I am confident that I have the skills and qualities that you are looking for in a candidate, and I am eager to put my abilities to work for your company. I have a strong track record of success in similar roles and can provide specific examples of how I have exceeded expectations in the past. I’m a motivated and hardworking individual who is always looking for new challenges, and I believe that I would be a valuable asset to your team.

2. Highlight Your Key Selling Points

I am confident that I have the skills and qualities that are essential for the role, and I am keen to utilize my strengths in order to achieve success for the company. I am excited to be given the opportunity to discuss my candidacy further and look forward to hearing from you.

Showcase Your Skills and Experience

I’m a highly motivated and enthusiastic individual with a proven track record in sales. I have a strong desire to achieve success and exceed targets. I’m confident in my ability to build relationships with clients and have a strong interest in fashion. My skills and experience include:

– Excellent communication and interpersonal skills

– Proven experience in a sales role

– Strong knowledge of the fashion industry

– Highly organized and efficient

– Excellent time management skills

– Proven ability to work under pressure

3. Reiterate Your Interest In the Role

Your supporting statement should be a concise overview of your qualifications and experience that are relevant to the role you are applying for. It is important to be specific and relevant and to avoid general statements or to pad your statement with irrelevant information.

What to Avoid at the End of a Supporting Statement

A supporting statement should highlight your skills and experience that are relevant to the role you are applying for. It should also reiterate your interest in the role.

Here are a few things to avoid at the end of your supporting statement:

– Restating your resume

– Saying you are the best candidate for the role

– Saying you are interested in the role

– Thanking the reader for their time

– Avoid using clichés

– Don’t use generic statements

– Don’t ramble on

Supporting Statement Examples

There are many different types of supporting statements, and each one is designed to serve a specific purpose. Some of the most common examples of supporting statements include:

– Academic Support Statements

– Employment Support Statements

– Personal Statements

– Character References

Example 1: Supporting Statement on a Job Application

You can also take ideas from our job supporting statement examples below:

“I am writing to apply for the [position] position at your company. I am a gold medallist in Business Administration from ABC University. I’m confident that I have the skills and experience that would make me the perfect candidate for the job.

I have worked in a [position] position for the past [number of years], and I have gained a lot of experience in the field. I am knowledgeable about the [industry] industry, and I’m confident that I can be a valuable asset to your team.

I’m excited to have the opportunity to learn and grow in a new environment. I’m confident that I can be a valuable member of your team. Looking forward to hearing from you soon!”

[Your name]

Example 2: Supporting Statement for a Scholarship Application

“I have worked hard in school and have been involved in many extracurricular activities. I am passionate about learning and I am confident that I will be a valuable asset to your institution.”

Further, you can add your curricular and co-curricular achievements that can help you win the scholarship. Just keep in mind not to exaggerate anything and keep things to the point.

Example 3: Supporting Statement Examples for a Cover Letter

“I have recently graduated from ABC University with a degree in Business Administration. I am extremely interested in obtaining a position as a Business Analyst with your company. My education, combined with my experience working as a Business Analyst intern for ABC Company, has given me the skills and knowledge I need to be successful in this role. I am confident that I have the potential to be a valuable asset to your team, and I look forward to discussing this opportunity further with you.”

For a nurse:

“I am a fresh graduate of XYZ University with a degree in Nursing. I’m interested in obtaining a position as a Registered Nurse at your hospital. My education and experience have prepared me to be a valuable asset to your team. I am confident that I have the potential to be a great nurse, and I look forward to discussing this opportunity further with you.”

As a graphic designer:

“I am writing to apply for the position of Graphic Designer that was recently posted on your website. I’m a recent graduate of ABC University with a degree in Graphic Design. I have experience working as a Graphic Designer for ABC Company, and I am confident that I have the skills and knowledge necessary to be successful in this role. I am excited to take your firm to next level by creating top-notch designs with my skills and expertise.”

Length Of Supporting Statement

Now you might be thinking of the length of the supporting statement that you are going to write. So how long should a supporting statement be?

Some applications will require you to meet a word count. It is critical that you adhere to this guideline and do not deviate from it. If there isn’t a word count, 1-2 pages of writing are recommended.

Supporting Statements Templates

Here are some good supporting statement templates. Each one is designed to serve a specific purpose. Keep in mind that don’t copy-paste them, just take ideas from these samples. 

Supporting Statement Template For Job

I’m interested in becoming a teaching assistant because I believe that all children should have equal access to education. I also believe that this position will allow me to gain this experience while simultaneously assisting youngsters with a variety of learning difficulties. There is no greater thrill for me than being able to gain new talents while overcoming obstacles. This is something I believe I found for myself while volunteering at a local elementary school. I am a very creative person that enjoys reading, writing stories, listening to music, and creating art. My abilities and inventiveness, I feel, will also help me support other sections of the curriculum, such as Numeracy and Science.

I recently finished a teaching program that required me to create a lesson plan for a specific target audience. I had the option to interact with a local primary school and also an educational psychologist as part of my research. Both offered me valuable insight into how to effectively design my lesson plan. I was also able to put my strategy to the test with the help of my nine-year-old cousin. That research has given me a glimpse of the value of differentiation, enabling me to provide essential help to slow learners while simultaneously pushing gifted students.

I’ve also learned about alternative teaching approaches, such as using audio, visual, and kinaesthetic elements, and I’ve tailored my lesson plan to include them. I gained crucial problem-solving abilities as well as creative talents that would enable me to come up with the necessary solutions to assist youngsters in overcoming problems as a result of the program. Working as a teaching assistant, I believe, will provide me with an excellent opportunity to put my academic knowledge into practice.

Supporting Statement Example Customer Service

I am a dependable, diligent, timely, and eager individual. I’ve also received compliments on my ability to be a creative chef. Food preparation is a hobby of mine. I enjoy encountering new people because I think that living with various types of individuals with various personalities can benefit me in various sectors of the community. Traveling, reading, and studying more about numerous themes addressing various health issues are some of my interests and hobbies.

Every one of these issues is really significant to me since I believe these are related to several areas in which I am especially interested, such as customer service and hospitality. Food safety, customer service, basic first aid, IT abilities, and customer care are all talents that I have acquired individually. These are highly promising accomplishments for me. I’ve learned new abilities and gained a better comprehension and knowledge of people skills. With people of various levels, I have excellent communication abilities. This, I believe, has helped me grow into a more understanding person in the long run, as well as one who is encouraging and non-judgmental.

Considering my seven years of experience in customer service and also similar industries like retail and sales, I believe I am also familiar with the type of environment I would want to work in. I’ve learned a lot from the various unpleasant experiences I’ve had, such as dealing with difficult clients and determining what the customers’ true needs are. All of my own experiences in this profession have made me a stronger and more focused individual. I’ve worked in a Customer Service/Relations atmosphere for seven years and have enjoyed every minute of it.

I’ve honed my communication skills and customer service techniques.

I appreciate the variety of working with clients. I’m aware of the challenges that come with dealing with tough customers or circumstances such as complaints, returns that are not warranted, and so on. I prefer to work in a thorough and structured way, using lists and maintaining records and logs to keep track of my calls and customers, as well as who I need to contact and by what date. Also, I believe that providing excellent customer service is critical. I strive to ensure that I am attentive to my customers’ needs and expectations while also performing my obligations as a Customer Service Representative.

I work professionally, pay close attention to detail, and have a calm and disciplined demeanor when dealing with consumers. I’ve gathered enough expertise to deal with complaints and difficult instances, and I maintain a positive attitude at all times. I’m looking for more responsibility and believe I’ve reached a point where I can manage more customer accounts or lead a team of assistants. I’m excited to continue my career in customer service, which I enjoy. I’ve received any internal customer service awards, training, or anything else you’re proud of. This, I believe, will be a valuable asset I own.

Writing a supporting statement either for a job or any other application is very critical. Your statement can lead to both sides either winning the job or losing it. So, make sure you write your supporting statement following a guide. Keep the important points in mind that we have discussed above.

Don’t write a statement without the help of an experienced one. If you need a supporting statement for a council job or another job, you can hire our professional and experienced writers.

We would like to help you in writing the best supporting statement.

https://www.bmj.com/content/350/sbmj.h3359

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15326977ea0401_3

Author & Editor Team: : Adila Zakir, Alexa Smith

Our review panel has been working in academic and non-academic writing for more than 1 decade.

Related Posts

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Literary Terms

Supporting Sentence

I. what is a supporting sentence.

A supporting sentence is a sentence with information that supports a main idea or claim.  Supporting sentences give a reader details to understand a main idea, or evidence to show why a claim is true or correct. You will find supporting sentences in the middle of a paragraph – after the topic sentence, and before a concluding sentence or transition.

II. Examples of a supporting sentence

Let’s consider the following main idea:

Modern automobiles are powered by combustion engines.

A writer who wants to explain this idea to readers must support it with information. The following supporting sentences can be used:

• a) A combustion engine is an engine that burns fuel to create power.
• b) The combustion engine replaced horses because they are more powerful and easier to maintain.
• c) Combustion engines allow us to travel quickly and safely in the comfort of our own cars and trucks.

Each of these sentences supports the main idea by giving the reader information or context to help understand the writer’s focus. Note that a writer would not use all three of these supporting sentences together. Choosing the best supporting sentence depends on what the writer is trying to achieve in the paragraph.

Here is a claim made by a writer:

Schools should start later in the day.

This is a claim that needs to be supported by facts (or perhaps opinions) in order to convince the reader to accept the claim. Here are some possible supporting sentences:

• a) Studies have shown that teenagers need more sleep than both younger children and adults because their rapidly changing bodies need more time resting in order to develop properly.
• b) By starting later, school busses can avoid the traffic of rush hour, which saves time and reduces the likelihood of accidents.
• c) Starting later will give students time to eat a healthy breakfast, which has been proven to improve school performance.

These supporting sentences each give evidence that help the reader agree with the writer’s claim. Again, a writer would not use all three of these supporting sentences together. Choosing the best supporting sentence depends on what the writer is trying to achieve in the paragraph.

III. Parts of a supporting sentence

The information in a supporting sentence depends on the type of support needed. Supporting sentences will include one of the following as their main parts:

• Descriptions or details

No matter what kind of supporting sentence you find, you will see that the main part of the sentence will be descriptions/details, facts, or examples. In section IV, (below) we will look at each of these types in more detail.

IV. Types of supporting sentences

A. providing useful details.

This type of supporting sentence is used when the writer wants to describe a main idea in more detail. It may be that the idea is complicated or new to the reader. It may also be used when the writer wants to add sensory descriptions to a piece.

Antarctica is a dangerous and lonely place. It is the coldest and driest continent on the planet. It is far away from hospitals and food supplies. Unpredictable weather can cause sudden blizzards which can trap people beneath several feet of snow in a matter of hours.

The first sentence is a topic sentence. Note how the next three supporting sentences each give details to help the reader understand why Antarctica is a dangerous and lonely place.

b. Presenting facts or evidence

High fructose corn syrup is bad for your health. It has been linked to the obesity epidemic, mostly because of its use in soft drinks. It is also digested by your body more quickly than natural sugars, and puts a tremendous strain on your liver.  Consuming high amounts of high fructose corn syrup can also cause inflammation of the intestines, diabetes, and heart disease.

In this paragraph, the first sentence claims that high fructose corn syrup is bad for you. The next three sentences are supporting sentences – they each provide facts to support the writer’s claim.

c. Providing examples

American culture truly is a melting pot of cultures from around the world. As groups of people immigrate here they bring with them bits of their home culture, which are adopted by Americans and made part of American life. An obvious example is the amazing variety of ethnic foods that Americans enjoy. Pasta dishes from Italy, salsa from Mexico, and sushi from Japan have all become part of America’s dining culture. Another example is the sports and games we play. Martial arts from Asia are now a big part of American culture; soccer (football) has come from England and western Europe to be another part of American culture. Even the board games we enjoy, like chess and Parcheesi, arrived in America from India. Look around at all the wonderful things that Americans enjoy, and you will find that many of them were brought here by immigrants from around the world.

In this example, the writer states that American culture is made up of cultural elements from around the world. The supporting sentences that follow each give examples of these cultural elements so that the reader can see what the writer is trying to express.

V. How to write a supporting sentence

Remember, the topic sentence is what you are trying to express, and the supporting sentences are there to be sure that the reader understands your message. So, supporting sentences depend on your topic.

The type of supporting sentence you use will also depend on the type of essay you are writing. A narrative or descriptive essay, for instance, would use supporting sentences that describe and give details. An argumentative or persuasive essay would rely on using use supporting sentences to give facts or evidence. An expository essay would need to use plenty of supporting sentences that provide examples. No matter what kind of essay you are writing, keep in mind the following tips:

a. Make sure connections are clear

Make sure the connection between the supporting sentence and the topic sentence is clear. Using transition phrases to begin your supporting sentences can make this connection clear.

Many countries are trying to find ways to use fewer fossil fuels. The biggest reason for this is because of their rising prices. Another important reason is because of the environmental damage that is caused from burning fossil fuels.

b. Only give the audience information they need

You need to consider how much your reader knows (or doesn’t know) about your topic so that you can provide useful supporting sentences. For instance, imagine you are writing an essay about the cardiovascular system. If your audience is made up of young students in grades 1-5, you will want to include supporting sentences that explain that the heart and lungs are the main organs. However, if your audience is made up of students in high school, they would already know this basic information; your supporting sentences may want to describe the different kinds of veins and arteries, or present facts about how the lungs capture oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide. On the other hand, you would not want to include extra information about the digestive system or the brain. Adding extra information might only confuse the reader or distract them from the point you are trying to make.

c. Include ideas that build on each other

Use your supporting sentences together to build towards bigger ideas. Your sentences can support not only the main idea, but also each other. In the following example, see how each supporting sentence explains the one before it. Using supporting sentences in this way helps bring your reader to understand more complex ideas and unifies your essay into one cohesive work.

Burning fossil fuels causes global warming. This is because when coal and oil are burned, they release gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. These gasses are large (at least for molecules!), and fill our atmosphere. As a result, heat from the Earth cannot find its way as easily into space. Instead, it ‘collides’ with these molecules and is the heat energy is absorbed. As a result, our skies are filled with heated gasses, which raise the average temperature of our world.

List of Terms

• Alliteration
• Amplification
• Anachronism
• Anthropomorphism
• Antonomasia
• APA Citation
• Aposiopesis
• Autobiography
• Bildungsroman
• Characterization
• Circumlocution
• Cliffhanger
• Comic Relief
• Connotation
• Deus ex machina
• Deuteragonist
• Doppelganger
• Double Entendre
• Dramatic irony
• Equivocation
• Extended Metaphor
• Figures of Speech
• Flash-forward
• Foreshadowing
• Intertextuality
• Juxtaposition
• Literary Device
• Malapropism
• Onomatopoeia
• Parallelism
• Pathetic Fallacy
• Personification
• Point of View
• Polysyndeton
• Protagonist
• Red Herring
• Rhetorical Device
• Rhetorical Question
• Science Fiction
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
• Synesthesia
• Turning Point
• Understatement
• Urban Legend
• Verisimilitude
• Essay Guide
• Cite This Website

Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

• tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
• is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
• directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
• makes a claim that others might dispute.
• is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

• Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to  be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
• Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

• Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

• Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

• Do I answer the question? Yes!
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Make a Gift

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, how to write an a+ argumentative essay.

Miscellaneous

You'll no doubt have to write a number of argumentative essays in both high school and college, but what, exactly, is an argumentative essay and how do you write the best one possible? Let's take a look.

A great argumentative essay always combines the same basic elements: approaching an argument from a rational perspective, researching sources, supporting your claims using facts rather than opinion, and articulating your reasoning into the most cogent and reasoned points. Argumentative essays are great building blocks for all sorts of research and rhetoric, so your teachers will expect you to master the technique before long.

But if this sounds daunting, never fear! We'll show how an argumentative essay differs from other kinds of papers, how to research and write them, how to pick an argumentative essay topic, and where to find example essays. So let's get started.

What Is an Argumentative Essay? How Is it Different from Other Kinds of Essays?

There are two basic requirements for any and all essays: to state a claim (a thesis statement) and to support that claim with evidence.

Though every essay is founded on these two ideas, there are several different types of essays, differentiated by the style of the writing, how the writer presents the thesis, and the types of evidence used to support the thesis statement.

Essays can be roughly divided into four different types:

#1: Argumentative #2: Persuasive #3: Expository #4: Analytical

So let's look at each type and what the differences are between them before we focus the rest of our time to argumentative essays.

Argumentative Essay

Argumentative essays are what this article is all about, so let's talk about them first.

An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance.

An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument —the writer's argument— is the factually and logically correct one. This means that an argumentative essay must use only evidence-based support to back up a claim , rather than emotional or philosophical reasoning (which is often allowed in other types of essays). Thus, an argumentative essay has a burden of substantiated proof and sources , whereas some other types of essays (namely persuasive essays) do not.

You can write an argumentative essay on any topic, so long as there's room for argument. Generally, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one, so long as you support the argumentative essay with hard evidence.

Example topics of an argumentative essay:

• "Should farmers be allowed to shoot wolves if those wolves injure or kill farm animals?"
• "Should the drinking age be lowered in the United States?"
• "Are alternatives to democracy effective and/or feasible to implement?"

The next three types of essays are not argumentative essays, but you may have written them in school. We're going to cover them so you know what not to do for your argumentative essay.

Persuasive Essay

Persuasive essays are similar to argumentative essays, so it can be easy to get them confused. But knowing what makes an argumentative essay different than a persuasive essay can often mean the difference between an excellent grade and an average one.

Persuasive essays seek to persuade a reader to agree with the point of view of the writer, whether that point of view is based on factual evidence or not. The writer has much more flexibility in the evidence they can use, with the ability to use moral, cultural, or opinion-based reasoning as well as factual reasoning to persuade the reader to agree the writer's side of a given issue.

Instead of being forced to use "pure" reason as one would in an argumentative essay, the writer of a persuasive essay can manipulate or appeal to the reader's emotions. So long as the writer attempts to steer the readers into agreeing with the thesis statement, the writer doesn't necessarily need hard evidence in favor of the argument.

Often, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one—the difference is all in the approach and the evidence you present.

Example topics of a persuasive essay:

• "Should children be responsible for their parents' debts?"
• "Should cheating on a test be automatic grounds for expulsion?"
• "How much should sports leagues be held accountable for player injuries and the long-term consequences of those injuries?"

Expository Essay

An expository essay is typically a short essay in which the writer explains an idea, issue, or theme , or discusses the history of a person, place, or idea.

This is typically a fact-forward essay with little argument or opinion one way or the other.

Example topics of an expository essay:

• "The History of the Philadelphia Liberty Bell"
• "The Reasons I Always Wanted to be a Doctor"
• "The Meaning Behind the Colloquialism ‘People in Glass Houses Shouldn't Throw Stones'"

Analytical Essay

An analytical essay seeks to delve into the deeper meaning of a text or work of art, or unpack a complicated idea . These kinds of essays closely interpret a source and look into its meaning by analyzing it at both a macro and micro level.

This type of analysis can be augmented by historical context or other expert or widely-regarded opinions on the subject, but is mainly supported directly through the original source (the piece or art or text being analyzed) .

Example topics of an analytical essay:

• "Victory Gin in Place of Water: The Symbolism Behind Gin as the Only Potable Substance in George Orwell's 1984"
• "Amarna Period Art: The Meaning Behind the Shift from Rigid to Fluid Poses"
• "Adultery During WWII, as Told Through a Series of Letters to and from Soldiers"

There are many different types of essay and, over time, you'll be able to master them all.

A Typical Argumentative Essay Assignment

The average argumentative essay is between three to five pages, and will require at least three or four separate sources with which to back your claims . As for the essay topic , you'll most often be asked to write an argumentative essay in an English class on a "general" topic of your choice, ranging the gamut from science, to history, to literature.

But while the topics of an argumentative essay can span several different fields, the structure of an argumentative essay is always the same: you must support a claim—a claim that can reasonably have multiple sides—using multiple sources and using a standard essay format (which we'll talk about later on).

This is why many argumentative essay topics begin with the word "should," as in:

• "Should all students be required to learn chemistry in high school?"
• "Should children be required to learn a second language?"
• "Should schools or governments be allowed to ban books?"

These topics all have at least two sides of the argument: Yes or no. And you must support the side you choose with evidence as to why your side is the correct one.

But there are also plenty of other ways to frame an argumentative essay as well:

• "Does using social media do more to benefit or harm people?"
• "Does the legal status of artwork or its creators—graffiti and vandalism, pirated media, a creator who's in jail—have an impact on the art itself?"
• "Is or should anyone ever be ‘above the law?'"

Though these are worded differently than the first three, you're still essentially forced to pick between two sides of an issue: yes or no, for or against, benefit or detriment. Though your argument might not fall entirely into one side of the divide or another—for instance, you could claim that social media has positively impacted some aspects of modern life while being a detriment to others—your essay should still support one side of the argument above all. Your final stance would be that overall , social media is beneficial or overall , social media is harmful.

If your argument is one that is mostly text-based or backed by a single source (e.g., "How does Salinger show that Holden Caulfield is an unreliable narrator?" or "Does Gatsby personify the American Dream?"), then it's an analytical essay, rather than an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay will always be focused on more general topics so that you can use multiple sources to back up your claims.

Good Argumentative Essay Topics

So you know the basic idea behind an argumentative essay, but what topic should you write about?

Again, almost always, you'll be asked to write an argumentative essay on a free topic of your choice, or you'll be asked to select between a few given topics . If you're given complete free reign of topics, then it'll be up to you to find an essay topic that no only appeals to you, but that you can turn into an A+ argumentative essay.

What makes a "good" argumentative essay topic depends on both the subject matter and your personal interest —it can be hard to give your best effort on something that bores you to tears! But it can also be near impossible to write an argumentative essay on a topic that has no room for debate.

As we said earlier, a good argumentative essay topic will be one that has the potential to reasonably go in at least two directions—for or against, yes or no, and why . For example, it's pretty hard to write an argumentative essay on whether or not people should be allowed to murder one another—not a whole lot of debate there for most people!—but writing an essay for or against the death penalty has a lot more wiggle room for evidence and argument.

A good topic is also one that can be substantiated through hard evidence and relevant sources . So be sure to pick a topic that other people have studied (or at least studied elements of) so that you can use their data in your argument. For example, if you're arguing that it should be mandatory for all middle school children to play a sport, you might have to apply smaller scientific data points to the larger picture you're trying to justify. There are probably several studies you could cite on the benefits of physical activity and the positive effect structure and teamwork has on young minds, but there's probably no study you could use where a group of scientists put all middle-schoolers in one jurisdiction into a mandatory sports program (since that's probably never happened). So long as your evidence is relevant to your point and you can extrapolate from it to form a larger whole, you can use it as a part of your resource material.

And if you need ideas on where to get started, or just want to see sample argumentative essay topics, then check out these links for hundreds of potential argumentative essay topics.

101 Persuasive (or Argumentative) Essay and Speech Topics

301 Prompts for Argumentative Writing

Top 50 Ideas for Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Writing

[Note: some of these say "persuasive essay topics," but just remember that the same topic can often be used for both a persuasive essay and an argumentative essay; the difference is in your writing style and the evidence you use to support your claims.]

KO! Find that one argumentative essay topic you can absolutely conquer.

Argumentative Essay Format

Argumentative Essays are composed of four main elements:

• A position (your argument)
• Your reasons
• Supporting evidence for those reasons (from reliable sources)
• Counterargument(s) (possible opposing arguments and reasons why those arguments are incorrect)

If you're familiar with essay writing in general, then you're also probably familiar with the five paragraph essay structure . This structure is a simple tool to show how one outlines an essay and breaks it down into its component parts, although it can be expanded into as many paragraphs as you want beyond the core five.

The standard argumentative essay is often 3-5 pages, which will usually mean a lot more than five paragraphs, but your overall structure will look the same as a much shorter essay.

An argumentative essay at its simplest structure will look like:

Paragraph 1: Intro

• Set up the story/problem/issue
• Thesis/claim

Paragraph 2: Support

• Reason #1 claim is correct
• Supporting evidence with sources

Paragraph 3: Support

• Reason #2 claim is correct

Paragraph 4: Counterargument

• Explanation of argument for the other side
• Refutation of opposing argument with supporting evidence

Paragraph 5: Conclusion

• Re-state claim
• Sum up reasons and support of claim from the essay to prove claim is correct

Now let's unpack each of these paragraph types to see how they work (with examples!), what goes into them, and why.

Paragraph 1—Set Up and Claim

Your first task is to introduce the reader to the topic at hand so they'll be prepared for your claim. Give a little background information, set the scene, and give the reader some stakes so that they care about the issue you're going to discuss.

Next, you absolutely must have a position on an argument and make that position clear to the readers. It's not an argumentative essay unless you're arguing for a specific claim, and this claim will be your thesis statement.

Your thesis CANNOT be a mere statement of fact (e.g., "Washington DC is the capital of the United States"). Your thesis must instead be an opinion which can be backed up with evidence and has the potential to be argued against (e.g., "New York should be the capital of the United States").

Paragraphs 2 and 3—Your Evidence

These are your body paragraphs in which you give the reasons why your argument is the best one and back up this reasoning with concrete evidence .

The argument supporting the thesis of an argumentative essay should be one that can be supported by facts and evidence, rather than personal opinion or cultural or religious mores.

For example, if you're arguing that New York should be the new capital of the US, you would have to back up that fact by discussing the factual contrasts between New York and DC in terms of location, population, revenue, and laws. You would then have to talk about the precedents for what makes for a good capital city and why New York fits the bill more than DC does.

Your argument can't simply be that a lot of people think New York is the best city ever and that you agree.

In addition to using concrete evidence, you always want to keep the tone of your essay passionate, but impersonal . Even though you're writing your argument from a single opinion, don't use first person language—"I think," "I feel," "I believe,"—to present your claims. Doing so is repetitive, since by writing the essay you're already telling the audience what you feel, and using first person language weakens your writing voice.

For example,

"I think that Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."

"Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."

The second statement sounds far stronger and more analytical.

Paragraph 4—Argument for the Other Side and Refutation

Even without a counter argument, you can make a pretty persuasive claim, but a counterargument will round out your essay into one that is much more persuasive and substantial.

By anticipating an argument against your claim and taking the initiative to counter it, you're allowing yourself to get ahead of the game. This way, you show that you've given great thought to all sides of the issue before choosing your position, and you demonstrate in multiple ways how yours is the more reasoned and supported side.

Paragraph 5—Conclusion

This paragraph is where you re-state your argument and summarize why it's the best claim.

Briefly touch on your supporting evidence and voila! A finished argumentative essay.

Your essay should have just as awesome a skeleton as this plesiosaur does. (In other words: a ridiculously awesome skeleton)

Argumentative Essay Example: 5-Paragraph Style

It always helps to have an example to learn from. I've written a full 5-paragraph argumentative essay here. Look at how I state my thesis in paragraph 1, give supporting evidence in paragraphs 2 and 3, address a counterargument in paragraph 4, and conclude in paragraph 5.

Topic: Is it possible to maintain conflicting loyalties?

Paragraph 1

It is almost impossible to go through life without encountering a situation where your loyalties to different people or causes come into conflict with each other. Maybe you have a loving relationship with your sister, but she disagrees with your decision to join the army, or you find yourself torn between your cultural beliefs and your scientific ones. These conflicting loyalties can often be maintained for a time, but as examples from both history and psychological theory illustrate, sooner or later, people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever.

The first two sentences set the scene and give some hypothetical examples and stakes for the reader to care about.

The third sentence finishes off the intro with the thesis statement, making very clear how the author stands on the issue ("people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever." )

Paragraphs 2 and 3

Psychological theory states that human beings are not equipped to maintain conflicting loyalties indefinitely and that attempting to do so leads to a state called "cognitive dissonance." Cognitive dissonance theory is the psychological idea that people undergo tremendous mental stress or anxiety when holding contradictory beliefs, values, or loyalties (Festinger, 1957). Even if human beings initially hold a conflicting loyalty, they will do their best to find a mental equilibrium by making a choice between those loyalties—stay stalwart to a belief system or change their beliefs. One of the earliest formal examples of cognitive dissonance theory comes from Leon Festinger's When Prophesy Fails . Members of an apocalyptic cult are told that the end of the world will occur on a specific date and that they alone will be spared the Earth's destruction. When that day comes and goes with no apocalypse, the cult members face a cognitive dissonance between what they see and what they've been led to believe (Festinger, 1956). Some choose to believe that the cult's beliefs are still correct, but that the Earth was simply spared from destruction by mercy, while others choose to believe that they were lied to and that the cult was fraudulent all along. Both beliefs cannot be correct at the same time, and so the cult members are forced to make their choice.

But even when conflicting loyalties can lead to potentially physical, rather than just mental, consequences, people will always make a choice to fall on one side or other of a dividing line. Take, for instance, Nicolaus Copernicus, a man born and raised in Catholic Poland (and educated in Catholic Italy). Though the Catholic church dictated specific scientific teachings, Copernicus' loyalty to his own observations and scientific evidence won out over his loyalty to his country's government and belief system. When he published his heliocentric model of the solar system--in opposition to the geocentric model that had been widely accepted for hundreds of years (Hannam, 2011)-- Copernicus was making a choice between his loyalties. In an attempt t o maintain his fealty both to the established system and to what he believed, h e sat on his findings for a number of years (Fantoli, 1994). But, ultimately, Copernicus made the choice to side with his beliefs and observations above all and published his work for the world to see (even though, in doing so, he risked both his reputation and personal freedoms).

These two paragraphs provide the reasons why the author supports the main argument and uses substantiated sources to back those reasons.

The paragraph on cognitive dissonance theory gives both broad supporting evidence and more narrow, detailed supporting evidence to show why the thesis statement is correct not just anecdotally but also scientifically and psychologically. First, we see why people in general have a difficult time accepting conflicting loyalties and desires and then how this applies to individuals through the example of the cult members from the Dr. Festinger's research.

The next paragraph continues to use more detailed examples from history to provide further evidence of why the thesis that people cannot indefinitely maintain conflicting loyalties is true.

Paragraph 4

Some will claim that it is possible to maintain conflicting beliefs or loyalties permanently, but this is often more a matter of people deluding themselves and still making a choice for one side or the other, rather than truly maintaining loyalty to both sides equally. For example, Lancelot du Lac typifies a person who claims to maintain a balanced loyalty between to two parties, but his attempt to do so fails (as all attempts to permanently maintain conflicting loyalties must). Lancelot tells himself and others that he is equally devoted to both King Arthur and his court and to being Queen Guinevere's knight (Malory, 2008). But he can neither be in two places at once to protect both the king and queen, nor can he help but let his romantic feelings for the queen to interfere with his duties to the king and the kingdom. Ultimately, he and Queen Guinevere give into their feelings for one another and Lancelot—though he denies it—chooses his loyalty to her over his loyalty to Arthur. This decision plunges the kingdom into a civil war, ages Lancelot prematurely, and ultimately leads to Camelot's ruin (Raabe, 1987). Though Lancelot claimed to have been loyal to both the king and the queen, this loyalty was ultimately in conflict, and he could not maintain it.

Here we have the acknowledgement of a potential counter-argument and the evidence as to why it isn't true.

The argument is that some people (or literary characters) have asserted that they give equal weight to their conflicting loyalties. The refutation is that, though some may claim to be able to maintain conflicting loyalties, they're either lying to others or deceiving themselves. The paragraph shows why this is true by providing an example of this in action.

Paragraph 5

Whether it be through literature or history, time and time again, people demonstrate the challenges of trying to manage conflicting loyalties and the inevitable consequences of doing so. Though belief systems are malleable and will often change over time, it is not possible to maintain two mutually exclusive loyalties or beliefs at once. In the end, people always make a choice, and loyalty for one party or one side of an issue will always trump loyalty to the other.

The concluding paragraph summarizes the essay, touches on the evidence presented, and re-states the thesis statement.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay: 8 Steps

Writing the best argumentative essay is all about the preparation, so let's talk steps:

#1: Preliminary Research

If you have the option to pick your own argumentative essay topic (which you most likely will), then choose one or two topics you find the most intriguing or that you have a vested interest in and do some preliminary research on both sides of the debate.

Do an open internet search just to see what the general chatter is on the topic and what the research trends are.

Did your preliminary reading influence you to pick a side or change your side? Without diving into all the scholarly articles at length, do you believe there's enough evidence to support your claim? Have there been scientific studies? Experiments? Does a noted scholar in the field agree with you? If not, you may need to pick another topic or side of the argument to support.

#2: Pick Your Side and Form Your Thesis

Now's the time to pick the side of the argument you feel you can support the best and summarize your main point into your thesis statement.

Your thesis will be the basis of your entire essay, so make sure you know which side you're on, that you've stated it clearly, and that you stick by your argument throughout the entire essay .

#3: Heavy-Duty Research Time

You've taken a gander at what the internet at large has to say on your argument, but now's the time to actually read those sources and take notes.

Check scholarly journals online at Google Scholar , the Directory of Open Access Journals , or JStor . You can also search individual university or school libraries and websites to see what kinds of academic articles you can access for free. Keep track of your important quotes and page numbers and put them somewhere that's easy to find later.

And don't forget to check your school or local libraries as well!

#4: Outline

Follow the five-paragraph outline structure from the previous section.

Fill in your topic, your reasons, and your supporting evidence into each of the categories.

Before you begin to flesh out the essay, take a look at what you've got. Is your thesis statement in the first paragraph? Is it clear? Is your argument logical? Does your supporting evidence support your reasoning?

By outlining your essay, you streamline your process and take care of any logic gaps before you dive headfirst into the writing. This will save you a lot of grief later on if you need to change your sources or your structure, so don't get too trigger-happy and skip this step.

Now that you've laid out exactly what you'll need for your essay and where, it's time to fill in all the gaps by writing it out.

Take it one step at a time and expand your ideas into complete sentences and substantiated claims. It may feel daunting to turn an outline into a complete draft, but just remember that you've already laid out all the groundwork; now you're just filling in the gaps.

If you have the time before deadline, give yourself a day or two (or even just an hour!) away from your essay . Looking it over with fresh eyes will allow you to see errors, both minor and major, that you likely would have missed had you tried to edit when it was still raw.

Take a first pass over the entire essay and try your best to ignore any minor spelling or grammar mistakes—you're just looking at the big picture right now. Does it make sense as a whole? Did the essay succeed in making an argument and backing that argument up logically? (Do you feel persuaded?)

If not, go back and make notes so that you can fix it for your final draft.

Once you've made your revisions to the overall structure, mark all your small errors and grammar problems so you can fix them in the next draft.

#7: Final Draft

Use the notes you made on the rough draft and go in and hack and smooth away until you're satisfied with the final result.

A checklist for your final draft:

• Formatting is correct according to your teacher's standards
• No errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation
• Essay is the right length and size for the assignment
• The argument is present, consistent, and concise
• Each reason is supported by relevant evidence
• The essay makes sense overall

#8: Celebrate!

Once you've brought that final draft to a perfect polish and turned in your assignment, you're done! Go you!

Be prepared and ♪ you'll never go hungry again ♪, *cough*, or struggle with your argumentative essay-writing again. (Walt Disney Studios)

Good Examples of Argumentative Essays Online

Theory is all well and good, but examples are key. Just to get you started on what a fully-fleshed out argumentative essay looks like, let's see some examples in action.

Check out these two argumentative essay examples on the use of landmines and freons (and note the excellent use of concrete sources to back up their arguments!).

The Use of Landmines

A Shattered Sky

The Take-Aways: Keys to Writing an Argumentative Essay

At first, writing an argumentative essay may seem like a monstrous hurdle to overcome, but with the proper preparation and understanding, you'll be able to knock yours out of the park.

Remember the differences between a persuasive essay and an argumentative one, make sure your thesis is clear, and double-check that your supporting evidence is both relevant to your point and well-sourced . Pick your topic, do your research, make your outline, and fill in the gaps. Before you know it, you'll have yourself an A+ argumentative essay there, my friend.

What's Next?

Now you know the ins and outs of an argumentative essay, but how comfortable are you writing in other styles? Learn more about the four writing styles and when it makes sense to use each .

Understand how to make an argument, but still having trouble organizing your thoughts? Check out our guide to three popular essay formats and choose which one is right for you.

Ready to make your case, but not sure what to write about? We've created a list of 50 potential argumentative essay topics to spark your imagination.

Courtney scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT in high school and went on to graduate from Stanford University with a degree in Cultural and Social Anthropology. She is passionate about bringing education and the tools to succeed to students from all backgrounds and walks of life, as she believes open education is one of the great societal equalizers. She has years of tutoring experience and writes creative works in her free time.

Student and Parent Forum

Our new student and parent forum, at ExpertHub.PrepScholar.com , allow you to interact with your peers and the PrepScholar staff. See how other students and parents are navigating high school, college, and the college admissions process. Ask questions; get answers.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

Improve With Our Famous Guides

• For All Students

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points

How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section:

Score 800 on SAT Math

Score 800 on SAT Reading

Score 800 on SAT Writing

Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section:

Score 600 on SAT Math

Score 600 on SAT Reading

Score 600 on SAT Writing

Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests

What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For?

15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points

How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section:

36 on ACT English

36 on ACT Math

36 on ACT Reading

36 on ACT Science

Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section:

24 on ACT English

24 on ACT Math

24 on ACT Reading

24 on ACT Science

What ACT target score should you be aiming for?

ACT Vocabulary You Must Know

ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score

How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League

How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA

How to Write an Amazing College Essay

What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For?

Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide

Should you retake your SAT or ACT?

When should you take the SAT or ACT?

Stay Informed

Get the latest articles and test prep tips!

Looking for Graduate School Test Prep?

Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here:

GRE Online Prep Blog

GMAT Online Prep Blog

TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Holly R. "I am absolutely overjoyed and cannot thank you enough for helping me!”

• Page Content
• Sidebar Content
• Main Navigation
• Quick links

• All TIP Sheets
• Writing a Summary
• Writing Paragraphs
• Writing an Analogy
• Writing a Descriptive Essay
• Writing a Persuasive Essay
• Writing a Compare/Contrast Paper
• Writing Cause and Effect Papers
• Writing a Process Paper
• Writing a Classification Paper
• Definitions of Writing Terms
• How to Write Clearly
• Active and Passive Voice
• Developing a Thesis and Supporting Arguments
• Writing Introductions & Conclusions
• How to Structure an Essay: Avoiding Six Weaknesses in Papers
• Writing Book Reports
• Writing about Literature
• Writing about Non-Fiction Books
• Poetry: Meter and Related Topics
• Revising and Editing
• Proofreading

Developing A Thesis and Supporting Auguments

TIP Sheet DEVELOPING A THESIS AND SUPPORTING ARGUMENTS

There's something you should know: Your college instructors have a hidden agenda. You may be alarmed to hear this-yet your achievement of their "other" purpose may very well be the most important part of your education. For every writing assignment has, at the least, these two other purposes:

To teach you to state your case and prove it in a clear, appropriate, and lively manner To teach you to structure your thinking.

Consequently, all expository writing, in which you formulate a thesis and attempt to prove it, is an opportunity to practice rigorous, focused thinking habits that can result not only in better papers, but in sharper analytical skills across the board.

This TIP Sheet addresses the following steps common to any kind of non-fiction writing:

Choosing a subject. Limiting your subject. Crafting a thesis statement. Identifying supporting arguments. Revising your thesis. Writing strong topic sentences that support the thesis.

It is during these early stages of writing, particularly in the identification of supporting arguments, that students are most likely to flounder and procrastinate, and when the strength of a paper's thesis is frequently diluted for lack of rigorous thinking. Here we will adapt Aristotle's method of "discovering arguments" to help identify and develop a strong thesis. You may adapt this method to any nonfiction writing, including essays, research papers, book reports, or critical reviews.

1. Choosing a Subject Suppose your instructor asks you to write an essay about a holiday experience. Within this general subject area, you choose a subject that holds your interest and about which you can readily get information: you were in downtown Chico on the morning of St. Patrick's Day and witnessed some unusual behavior–a melee broke out, resulting in injuries to bystanders and property damage to nearby cars. You wish to write about this.

2. Limiting Your Subject What will you name your topic? Clearly, "student behavior" is too broad; student behavior would necessarily include behavior by every kind of student, everywhere, at all times, and this could very well fill a book and require a master's degree in psychology. Simply calling your subject "St. Patrick's Day" would be misleading. You decide to limit the subject to "student behavior on St. Patrick's Day." After some thought, you decide that a better, more specific subject might be "unruly college student behavior such as that witnessed in front of La Salle's in downtown Chico last St. Patrick's Day." (Be aware that this is not the title of your essay. You will title it much later.) You have now limited your subject and are ready to craft a thesis.

3. Crafting a thesis statement While your subject may be a noun phrase such as the one above, your thesis must be a complete sentence that declares where you stand on the subject. A thesis statement should almost always be in the form of a declarative sentence. Suppose you believe that some of the student behavior in front of La Salle's on St. Patrick's Day was very bad; your thesis statement may be, "Student behavior such as demonstrated in front of La Salle's last St. Patrick's Day is an embarrassment to the college community." Or, conversely, perhaps you think the behavior of the students was just a little high-spirited, but not really so bad as the newspaper made it out to be. Your thesis might be, "A college town has to expect a certain amount of student glee on holidays such as St. Patrick's Day; cracked auto glass and a couple of bruises are a small price to pay for all the commerce college students bring to downtown."

4. Identifying supporting arguments Now you must gather material, or find arguments to support your thesis statement. Aristotle taught his students to examine any claim by "discovering arguments." You will use some of his techniques to formulate support for your claim. Brainstorm, adapting the questions below as a guide, and writing down even the ideas that don't appear to you very promising–you can sort through them later.

• Definition: What is good behavior? What is bad behavior? What is appropriate behavior on St. Patrick's Day? What is appropriate behavior in other settings?
• Comparison/Similarity: How was behavior last St. Patrick's Day similar to behavior in years past? How was behavior in front of La Salle's similar to behavior in other parts of downtown that day? How was this behavior similar to behavior in other college towns on that day?
• Comparison/Dissimilarity: How did behavior last St. Patrick's Day differ from behavior in years past? How did behavior in front of La Salle's differ from behavior in other parts of downtown that day? How did this behavior differ from student behavior in other college towns on that day?
• Comparison/Degree: To what degree was student behavior worse than in years past? To what degree was this behavior worse than in other parts of downtown? To what degree was this behavior worse than student behavior in other college towns?
• Relationship (cause and effect): What causes good behavior? What are the results of good behavior? What causes bad behavior? What are the results of bad behavior? What were the specific results of the behavior on St. Patrick's Day? What were the specific causes of the behavior on St. Patrick's Day?
• Circumstance: Has this kind of behavior occurred in the past? Should this behavior be permitted in the future? What is possible–that is, in this case, is it possible for students to behave appropriately even if bored, drunk, or provoked? Is it possible for downtown merchants and bystanders to absorb the costs of property damage?
• Testimony: What are the opinions of others about student behavior in front of La Salle's on St. Patrick's Day (for example, students who participated, students who observed, students who were injured, students who avoided downtown Chico altogether on St. Patrick's Day, city council members, the police chief, the proprietor of La Salle's, the owner of the damaged car, nearby business owners)?
• The Good: Would the results of enforced good conduct be "good"? Would the results of enforced good conduct cause unintended or unforeseen problems? What is fair to whom?
• The Expedient: Is it desirable to require better conduct next St. Patrick's Day? Should authorities force better conduct next year? Should St. Patrick's Day celebrations be cancelled? Should everyone just relax about this incident and let students celebrate? Should students be asked to improve their conduct voluntarily next year? Should Associated Students provide an education campaign about respect for others, provide alternative activities, or additional patrols?

After brainstorming, you should have lots of material to support a thesis statement.

5. Revising your thesis Notice that in the sentence above we used the phrase "a thesis statement" rather than "your thesis statement." This is because, as you examine your thesis statement through the Aristotelian method, you may discover that you were wrong. At this point, you should either revise your thesis or choose another subject and begin again. Revising your opinion in light of convincing evidence is the beginning of wisdom. Besides, even if it is possible to proceed with the essay as you first envisioned it, you will find it more difficult to defend a thesis you have previously discredited in your notes.

6. Crafting topic sentences that support the thesis Using ideas you gathered using Aristotle's method, construct three to five topic sentences that support your claim. These topic sentences will become the framework for the rest of your paper. You will further support each with examples and citations from personal interviews, newspaper articles, or other appropriate references.

The melee was not caused by the students themselves; rather, an elderly homeless man spat on someone's shoe, causing her to move away suddenly, and a chain reaction occurred in the line waiting to go into La Salle's. (from examination of Aristotle's Relationship and Testimony)

Additional policemen would only increase tension in the downtown area, making altercations more likely. (from examination of Aristotle's The Good and The Expedient)

Trying to keep college students away from downtown on holidays like this would cause lost revenues for downtown merchants. (from examination of Aristotle's The Expedient)

As you continue to draft your paper you will, of course, revise these sentences as necessary to more precisely reflect your ideas and the support you gather for them. By this time you should have a good knowledge of your subject and know where you want to go with it. It will now be possible for you to find enough additional supporting material to complete your essay.

Home | Calendars | Library | Bookstore | Directory | Apply Now | Search for Classes | Register | Online Classes  | MyBC Portal MyBC -->

Butte College | 3536 Butte Campus Drive, Oroville CA 95965 | General Information (530) 895-2511

Major and Minor Supporting Details

LESSON When you read an article A non-fiction, often informative writing that forms a part of a publication, such as a magazine or newspaper. or any other type of reading A piece of writing to be read. A reading can either be a full work (i.e., a book) or partial (i.e., a passage). , you will notice that in addition to having a thesis statement A brief statement that identifies a writer's thoughts, opinions, or conclusions about a topic. Thesis statements bring unity to a piece of writing, giving it a focus and a purpose. You can use three questions to help form a thesis statement: What is my topic? What am I trying to say about that topic? Why is this important to me or my reader? , the document will also have points that support that thesis An overall argument, idea, or belief that a writer uses as the basis for a work. . The thesis provides the author A person who wrote a text. 's topic The subject of a reading. and purpose The reason the writer is writing about a topic. It is what the writer wants the reader to know, feel, or do after reading the work. for writing. The supporting details Statements within a reading that tie directly to major details that support the main idea. These can be provided in examples, statistics, anecdotes, definitions, descriptions, or comparisons within the work. help the author make that topic and purpose clear to the reader.

The supporting details of a reading can be divided into major supporting details Statements within a reading that tie directly to the work's main idea. These can be provided in examples, statistics, anecdotes, definitions, descriptions, or comparisons within the work. and minor supporting details Smaller statements within a reading that tie directly to major details. , and they are found in the supporting paragraphs A selection of a writing that is made up of sentences formed around one main point. Paragraphs are set apart by a new line and sometimes indentation. , or body paragraphs The part of an essay that comes after the introduction and before the conclusion. Body paragraphs lay out the main ideas of an argument and provide the support for the thesis. All body paragraphs should include these elements: a topic sentence, major and minor details, and a concluding statement. Each body paragraph should stand on its own but also fit into the context of the entire essay, as well as support the thesis and work with the other supporting paragraphs. , of an article or essay A short piece of writing that focuses on at least one main idea. Some essays are also focused on the author's unique point of view, making them personal or autobiographical, while others are focused on a particular literary, scientific, or political subject. . Distinguishing between major and minor supporting details will help you break down the paragraphs in a reading, making it easier to understand. In this lesson, you will learn how to identify both major and minor supporting details in a reading.

When looking at a full reading such as an article or essay, the major and minor details relate to the thesis statement like this:

• Major supporting details: topic sentences A sentence that contains the controlling idea for an entire paragraph and is typically the first sentence of the paragraph. in each body paragraph that support the thesis statement.
• Minor supporting details: sentences that support the major supporting details.

When reading a longer essay, the thesis is included in an introductory paragraph The first paragraph of an essay. It must engage the reader, set the tone, provide background information, and present the thesis. and the major supporting details become topic sentences for distinct supporting paragraphs.

However, if the essay is only one paragraph long, the thesis becomes a topic sentence. When looking at an individual paragraph, the major and minor details relate to the topic sentence like this:

• Major supporting details: support the topic sentence.
• Minor supporting details: support the major supporting details.

Let's look at an example.

Sample essay thesis: Students should consider many variables when choosing classes.

Major supporting details:

• Time of day
• Whether it is required or not
• How much reading/writing may be involved

Minor supporting details:

• Time of day: You can choose classes that meet early in the morning, mid-morning, early afternoon, mid-afternoon, early evening, or evening.
• Whether it is required or not: You may not want to take classes that do not qualify as credit toward your degree.
• How much reading/writing may be involved: You may not want to take several classes at the same time that will involve a lot of reading, such as novels, or that require writing multiple papers.

Knowing how to find a thesis statement, major supporting details, and minor supporting details will help you in all of your communication. When you can find these items, you will see how they play a large part in how a document, speech, or advertisement is organized; as a result, they will help you better organize the documents you write. For example, when writing papers An academic essay that usually includes research and citations. in school, you will need to plan your paper and organize the ideas so they support your thesis. As a professional in your career, the same principle applies. Every audience wants to read a document that is well organized and written so that the major and minor details clearly support the thesis.

For this example paragraph and its topic sentence, notice how the major and minor supporting details support the topic sentence.

Steps to Positivity in the Classroom Success in college depends on many things, but one of the most important is having a positive attitude. There are many ways to develop a positive outlook. You can try using encouraging self-talk to motivate yourself. For example, if you tell yourself that you are smart and can be successful, you are more likely to do well in your classes. Helping others to be successful is also a way of maintaining a positive attitude. When you see that college is not a competition, you will see success come to you and those who work closely with you. Finally, you can develop a positive attitude by viewing difficult situations as opportunities to grow. For example, if you are struggling in a class because the material is challenging, don't let yourself feel down about it. Instead, take action! Visit with your professor or form a study group. Getting help will enable you to learn the material and therefore do better in your class. By using encouraging self-talk, helping others, and utilizing difficult moments as an opportunity to grow, you will have the optimistic outlook that will enable you to succeed in college—and in life!

Topic Sentence: Success in college depends on many things, but one of the most important is having a positive attitude.

• Using encouraging self-talk
• Helping others to be successful
• Viewing difficult situations as an opportunity to grow
• Using self-talk: tell yourself you are smart.
• Helping others be successful: don't see college as a competition.
• Viewing difficult situations as an opportunity to grow: visit a professor or form a study group.

For this exercise, review the following paragraph and its topic sentence, and then identify the major supporting details and minor supporting details.

The Benefits of Forming a Study Group Forming a study group is a great way to improve your grades and make friends. Studying with others helps you review what you know about the course content, allows you to re-teach the content to your group members, and lets you work with others to determine what the instructor wants you to know. All of these items reinforce your classroom experience and your knowledge of the material. Forming a study group is also a great way to make friends on campus. Often when people are new to a college setting they don’t know many people. Study groups can help you make new friends by using your common interest in the course to bring you together. That can make it much less scary to approach others about getting together.

Topic Sentence:

Forming a study group is a great way to improve your grades and make friends.

What are the major supporting details?

Sample Answer

• It can improve your grades.
• You can make new friends.

What are the minor supporting details?

• It can improve your grades because you will review what you know, re-teach the material to your group, and work together to determine what the instructor wants you to know.
• You can make new friends by using the class content as your common ground.

When finding a reading's major and minor supporting details, what should you do or look for first?

How does knowing how to find major and minor supporting details in a reading help you as a writer?

Copyright ©2022 The NROC Project

How to write a supporting statement for a job application

Writing a supporting statement involves:

• Figuring out exactly what the employer is looking for
• Coming up with a structure
• Finding evidence that shows you've got what it takes
• Writing the main body of the statement
• Writing introductory and concluding paragraphs
• Proofreading before you submit!

Read on to find out more about how to put these steps into practice and write an interview-winning supporting statement!

When it comes to finding the right candidate, not all employers favour the traditional CV and cover letter - some prefer to read a supporting statement (often also called a personal statement). The good news is that this doesn't require any fancy formatting, but the fact you can’t rely on looks means you have to nail the content. In this post I’ll talk you through how to write a supporting statement for a job application so you stand out from the competition.

Note: as mentioned above, as many people use the terms ‘supporting statement’ and ‘personal statement’ interchangeably in this post I have used both of these terms.

What is a supporting statement?

A supporting statement is used to outline your suitability for a particular role and is your chance to speak directly to the employer’s wants and needs. Although any employer can request one, supporting statements are particularly common in the education and non-profit/charity sectors. One of the biggest employers in the UK, the NHS, requests applicants complete a supporting information section on their online application - this is exactly the same as a supporting/personal statement.

Want to see an interview-winning supporting statement for a job application? I've included one in my Printable Supporting Statement Bundle.

Supporting statement vs. cover letter

While a cover letter is used to convey your interest in a particular job and your suitability for it, a supporting statement is more in-depth and should evidence all of the required competencies for the role. You can find out more about the differences between a supporting statement and a cover letter in my recent article .

Step 1: Identify what the employer wants

Most employers will ask you to evidence your suitability for the role in the supporting statement, but others may want you to explain your motivation for applying too. Be clear on what the employer wants before writing your statement so you can be sure you're hitting the brief.

You also need to know what competencies the employer is looking for from their ideal candidate. This information is usually found in the job description (it's often labelled 'Person Specification), but it may appear in the job advert itself. Look for phrases like ‘We are looking for someone with…’ or ‘Our ideal candidate will have….’; whatever follows this is what you need to focus on evidencing.

If the employer has set a word limit for the supporting statement, make sure you stick to it. If they haven’t, read my blog post How long should a supporting statement be? to find out how much to write.

Step 2: Decide on a structure

It’s entirely up to you how to structure your supporting statement, but there’s a structure I find works really well that I recommend to clients during my Supporting Statement Review Service - structure it around the competencies listed in the person specification. If the employer lists around five to eight competencies, this would be perfectly manageable to structure your supporting statement around, but any more and I'd recommend grouping them. To do this, group competencies that relate to one-another or are similar. For example, you could group IT skills, administration and organisation skills or interpersonal, customer-service and listening skills.

Another point to consider is the order of your statement, and which competencies will be addressed first. It's a good idea to tackle them in terms of their overall importance for the role. Generally speaking, if you've got relevant experience for the position you're applying for, you should highlight this early on as it's a big selling factor. If you’re unsure about the best order to address each competency, review the person specification to see if they are grouped into ‘Essential’ and ‘Desirable’. You may find clues in how frequently the employer has referred to the competencies in the job description too.

If you’ve got limited experience, you may find structuring your supporting statement around each competency a bit tricky. If this is the case, structure it around your past roles or experiences. For example, one paragraph for your current job and the second for your last job. You can then use other paragraphs to focus your attention more on certain aspects of these roles.

Take the stress of out writing your statement

Step 3: Select your evidence

Now you need to identify the all-important evidence. Evidence can be a few different things: specific situations or projects you’ve worked on, or roles you’ve held which required the competencies needed for the role. For example, you may refer to a specific project to evidence your organisation skills, but the same project could also be used to evidence your time-management and multi-tasking skills too. The key is to draw on a range of evidence in your personal statement (don't just rely on one role to evidence everything if you can help it), and focus attention on the most relevant and/or recent examples.

Detailed evidence is what your application will depend on so make sure you dedicate a good amount of time to this. I encourage my clients to brainstorm examples they could refer back to in their personal statement in order to evidence each competency. My Printable Supporting Statement Bundle includes a competency matching grid to help you identify what the employer wants, and match your experience to it.

If you're looking for more tailored support with your application, check out my Supporting Statement Review Service .

Step 4: Start writing

Once you’ve decided on your structure and decided what evidence you're going to draw on, it’s time to start writing. To avoid your personal statement becoming too descriptive, dedicate a paragraph to each competency or group of competencies. This will help your writing stay focused, clear and persuasive.

Want to see what an excellent supporting statement looks like? I've included an interview-winning statement in my printable Supporting Statement Bundle .

Step 5: Write your opening and closing paragraphs

People often struggle with knowing how to start a supporting statement, and it puts them off writing entirely. This is why I recommend leaving the opening until last. By the time you’ve written a first draft you’ll know the key points you want to cover and this will help when you come to writing your opening. When it comes to deciding how to end a supporting statement, keep your message short and sweet. Avoid repeating yourself, and instead provide a summary of your suitability and interest in the role.

Most people struggle to write the opening and closing paragraphs of their supporting statement, so below I’ve included the simple steps to follow to make sure you’re covering the key points and making a good first and last impression.

How long should your opening and closing paragraphs be?

Before you get started, you may be wondering how much to write for these paragraphs.  I’d suggest no more than a paragraph which is at most 4-5 lines in length. Be mindful of your overall word count when planning your opening and concluding paragraph – each one should be no more than 5% of the overall word count. So if you have a limit of 1000 words, stick as close to 50 words for each paragraph as you can.

How to start a supporting statement

Here’s a three-step process for how to start your supporting statement:

1. Introduce yourself

One of the most common ways people start a supporting statement is by explaining why they are writing (i.e. to state the role they are applying for and outline who they are). This usually means mentioning their current role and employer and a brief background about their work history. This doesn't have to be too lengthy – remember you have the rest of the supporting statement to detail your skills, experience and competencies. Including a brief overview at the start of your statement can set it off nicely. This may looking something like:

I am writing to apply for the role of... I currently work as a... and have over two years' experience in...

2. Highlight your key selling points

The next topic to cover at the start of your supporting statement is your selling points. These are the skills, knowledge, experience and/or competencies that make you a suitable candidate for the role. Just like when you  write a profile on a CV , you'll need to use your judgment to decide what's worth highlighting at the start of your supporting statement and what can be left until later on. If there is one, use the person specification as a guide. You may want to highlight the competencies you consider to be the most essential for the role.

As you will see I have worked primarily in ... roles which has allowed me to develop excellent skills in X, Y and Z. My current position of ... has strengthened my expertise in .... and developed my knowledge in .....

Simplify your job search

3. express your interest in the role.

After outlining your key selling points at the start of your personal statement, you need to explain why you're applying for the role. Unless the company explicitly asks you to write about this, you should stick to a short paragraph for this section.

Here you need to express your interest in the role or organisation you're applying for. Identify a specific reason (or if you can  reasons ) why the role appeals to you. I’d suggest picking three reasons why you applied. It's a good idea to go beyond the job advert and description - employers often want to feel like you have chosen them above other companies. This requires research so make sure you read  How to research an industry in 5 easy steps for tips on how to do this well. Here's an example:

I was instantly drawn to the advertised role due to its focus on... I have also been looking for a role which would offer more exposure to ... which is a further reason for my interest.

How to start a supporting statement: what to avoid

First impressions count so make sure the opening to your supporting statement doesn't include:

• A quote  – quotes often come across as gimmicky, so unless you're confident it perfectly fits the point you want to make don't include them.
• Long-winded stories  – hiring managers don't have long to review applications so make their life easy and avoid long narratives.
• Spelling or grammar mistakes  – you'd be amazed how many people make these at the start of their supporting statement so make sure you double and triple-check your whole document.
• Flowery language  – you don't need to use fancy language to impress. Yes, you want to show the employer you can write well but you can do this without shoe-horning words into your statement that don't really fit.
• What you don't have  – never draw attention to the fact that you don't have what you think the employer is looking for. Why emphasise this when you could just say ' I have experience in... ' or ' My varied experience has strengthened my X and Z skills...'

How to end a supporting statement

When you've already spent hours writing your supporting statement, it can be tempting to overlook the importance of the closing paragraph. Lots of people rush this part because they want to get it finished and submitted, but a poor ending can leave the hiring manager with questions about your suitability for the role. Here are three points to cover at the end of your supporting statement:

1. Re-emphasise your suitability for the role

This doesn't need to be a long-winded account of how you match what the hiring manager is looking for. Instead, you just need to include a simple sentence stating that you have the blend of competencies the employer is looking for. It's as simple as that – and what’s even better is you can re-use this sentence from one supporting statement to the next, adapting it slightly to fit the particular role or organisation you’re applying for.

The main purpose of a supporting statement is to show your suitability for a role, so when it comes to the ending, you want to re-emphasise this. With limited words, you need to write a concise summary of your key selling points and package them nicely into a sentence or two.

What these selling points are is up to you to decide. If you’ve already written your supporting statement, you should know what these are but to help with this, put yourself in the hiring manager's shoes and consider what they’re looking for and which boxes you tick as a candidate. These selling points are probably more focused on relevant experience/knowledge than individual skills, although if the role requires a specific skill and this is something you excel at, of course you can focus in on this.

You could use these selling points to emphasise a few different things - the fact you can hit the ground running in the role, make an impact or be an asset to the team. All of these are good phrases but the more tailored you can make these sentences the better. For example, you could mention the organisation’s name or even better - the specific project and/or department you'd be working in. Making it as tailored as possible is the key here.

3. Reiterate your interest in the role

When planning how to end a supporting statement, most job seekers overlook this key point. Ideally, you should have outlined what attracted you to the role at the start of your supporting statement however now is the time to reiterate that interest. Why is this important? Because whilst hiring managers are primarily interested in finding people with the necessary skills, experience and knowledge for the position, they also want to find people who are enthusiastic and excited by the prospect of working in that specific role and for that particular company.

When covering this point, your key consideration should be the language you use. This is how you are going to convey your interest and enthusiasm for the role and company. You want to avoid flowery language and be direct about what interests and/or excites you about the prospect of working in that role and for that employer. Here are a few example words/phrases:

• I am particularly excited by...
• I would welcome the opportunity to...
• I look forward to the prospect of…

Example of how to end a supporting statement

You don’t need to overthink this – you should keep your ending simple and use it to reiterate your suitability for the role:

In summary, I feel the above demonstrates that my professional skills, knowledge, and personal attributes make me a strong candidate for the role of …. at …... My blend of administrative experience, … and …. means I have the knowledge, skills and passion for a role that is the logical next step in my career.

Here's another example:

I am thrilled at the possibility of being involved in .... and would love the opportunity to meet with you and discuss the value I can bring to your .... project. I look forward to hearing from you.

What to avoid at the end of a supporting statement

The last thing you want to do in your closing paragraph is to raise any suspicions about your suitability for the role or cast doubt on how serious you are about this application. There are various ways this can come across, but here are a few common mistakes I see:

• Highlighting your lack of experience  - candidates do it all the time, and although they may think they’re being ‘honest’ there is no need to raise this.
• Using weak or passive language  - phrases like 'I think my skills...' which will only make you come across as lacking in confidence. Instead, change this to 'My skills...'
• Waffling  – you want to keep your ending concise, and to the point.

Optional extras

If you would like, you can add any of the following to the concluding paragraph of your supporting statement:

• Your availability for a potential interview  – if you’re going to be unavailable when the interviews are taking place you may want to highlight this by simply adding to the end of your statement: “I am on holiday between the dates of [add date range] and will be unable to attend an interview during this time.” If you are going to be unavailable for a face-to-face interview, but would be happy to be interviewed remotely, you can also state this.
• A disability  – you have no legal requirements to disclose a disability to an employer, however you may wish to mention this in your application. For example “Please note, I …..”

So there you have it - everything you need to know about how to write a supporting statement for a job application. If you want to be sure the supporting statement you're writing is showcasing your relevant skills and experience, take a look at my Supporting Statement Review Service .

This post was originally published on December 1 2019, but was updated in March 2023 with additional content.

Share this post