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Small business cybersecurity case study series.

Ransomware, phishing, and ATM skimming are just a few very common and very damaging cybersecurity threats that Small Businesses need to watch out for. The following Case Studies were created by the National Cyber Security Alliance , with a grant from NIST, and should prove useful in stimulating ongoing learning for all business owners and their employees.

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Mapping Biological Systems to Network Systems pp 117–175 Cite as

Case Study: A Review of Security Challenges, Attacks and Trust and Reputation Models in Wireless Sensor Networks

• Heena Rathore 2  
• First Online: 11 February 2016

1068 Accesses

1 Citations

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), where nodes besides having its inbuilt capability of sensing, processing and communicating data, also possess some risks. These risks expose them to attacks and bring in many security challenges. Therefore, it is imperative to have a secure system where there is perfect confidentiality and correctness to the data being sent from one node to another. Cooperation among the nodes is needed so that they could confidently rely on other nodes and send the data faithfully. However, owing to certain hardware and software faults, nodes can behave fraudulently and send fraudulent information. Nevertheless, since the network is openly accessible, anybody can access the deployment area which breaches the security of WSN. Therefore, it is required to have correct and accurate secure model for WSN to protect the information and resources from attacks and misbehavior. Many researchers are engaged in developing innovative design paradigms to address such nodes by developing key management protocols , secure routing mechanisms and trust management systems. Key management protocols and secure routing cannot itself provide security to WSNs for various attacks. Trust management system can improve the security of WSN. The case study begins by explaining the security issues and challenges in WSN. It discusses the goals, threat models and attacks followed by the security measures that can be implemented in detection of attacks. Here, various types of trust and reputation models are also reviewed. The intent of this case study is to investigate the security related issues and challenges in wireless sensor networks and methodologies used to overcome them. Furthermore, the present case study provides details on how bio-inspired approaches in WSN prove a benefactor in many ways.

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Rathore, H. (2016). Case Study: A Review of Security Challenges, Attacks and Trust and Reputation Models in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Mapping Biological Systems to Network Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29782-8_10

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Network Security: A Case Study

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Dr.Sasikumar Gurumoorthy

— Network security is a complicated subject, historically only tackled by well-trained and experienced experts. However, as more and more people becomè`wired'', an increasing number of people need to understand the basics of security in a networked world. This document was written with the basic computer user and information systems manager in mind, explaining the concepts needed to read through the hype in the marketplace and understand risks and how to deal with them. Some history of networking is included, as well as an introduction to TCP/IP and internetworking. We go on to consider risk management, network threats, firewalls, and more special-purpose secure networking devices. This is not intended to be a ``frequently asked questions'' reference, nor is it a ``hands-on'' document describing how to accomplish specific functionality. It is hoped that the reader will have a wider perspective on security in general, and better understand how to reduce and manage risk personally, at home, and in the workplace.

Muhammad Adeka

Liam Landers

Ashok Kumar A KBSS

Revista de Ciências da Administração

Renata Kurtz

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as variáveis que influenciam o uso do e-learning por alunos de um curso de graduação a distância de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Foi identificado que o Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia (Technology Acceptance Model – TAM), de Davis (1989), com a introdução das variáveis externas interatividade e suporte técnico seria o mais adequado para avaliar a intenção do aluno em seguir usando o e-learning. Foi aplicado um questionário pela internet que resultou em uma amostra de 260 alunos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM) e os resultados confirmaram a validade de todas as hipóteses, confirmando a importância da interatividade e do suporte técnico para os alunos continuarem a usar o e-learning.

Abdi Insani

Sintha Simanungkalit

Anemia terjadi akibat penurunan kadar hemoglobin hemotokrit dan jumlah sel darah merah (Arisman, 2014). Data anemia tahun 2018 di Indonesia mencapai lebih dari 30%. Hal ini juga terbukti dengan angka proporsi ibu hamil yang mendapatkan TTD mencukupi (≥90 butir) di Indonesia hanya sebesar 24% dan hanya 38,1% ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi TTD ≥90 butir pada tahun 2018. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyrakat ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan para kader dan ibu hamil terkait anemia sebagai upaya pencegahan anemia pada ibu hamil pada masa pandemic Covid-19. Lokasi kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Pasir Putih, Sawangan Depok. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa penyuluhan yang dilakukan via daring dengan menggunakan zoom dimana peserta merupakan kader dan ibu hamil. Sebelum penyuluhan diadakan, peserta mengisi kuesioner pre test dan setelah penyuluhan dilakukan sesi tanya jawab dan post test. Berdasarkan analisis pre dan post test didapatkan ada perubahan pengetahuan sebelu...

Applied Optics

Mike Pivnenko

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Network Security: Case Study Analysis

Preprint from SSRN , 22 Nov 2022 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4217769   PPR: PPR603102 

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What to know about the crisis of violence, politics and hunger engulfing Haiti

A long-simmering crisis over Haiti’s ability to govern itself, particularly after a series of natural disasters and an increasingly dire humanitarian emergency, has come to a head in the Caribbean nation, as its de facto president remains stranded in Puerto Rico and its people starve and live in fear of rampant violence. 

The chaos engulfing the country has been bubbling for more than a year, only for it to spill over on the global stage on Monday night, as Haiti’s unpopular prime minister, Ariel Henry, agreed to resign once a transitional government is brokered by other Caribbean nations and parties, including the U.S.

But the very idea of a transitional government brokered not by Haitians but by outsiders is one of the main reasons Haiti, a nation of 11 million, is on the brink, according to humanitarian workers and residents who have called for Haitian-led solutions. 

“What we’re seeing in Haiti has been building since the 2010 earthquake,” said Greg Beckett, an associate professor of anthropology at Western University in Canada. 

What is happening in Haiti and why?

In the power vacuum that followed the assassination of democratically elected President Jovenel Moïse in 2021, Henry, who was prime minister under Moïse, assumed power, with the support of several nations, including the U.S. 

When Haiti failed to hold elections multiple times — Henry said it was due to logistical problems or violence — protests rang out against him. By the time Henry announced last year that elections would be postponed again, to 2025, armed groups that were already active in Port-au-Prince, the capital, dialed up the violence.

Even before Moïse’s assassination, these militias and armed groups existed alongside politicians who used them to do their bidding, including everything from intimidating the opposition to collecting votes . With the dwindling of the country’s elected officials, though, many of these rebel forces have engaged in excessively violent acts, and have taken control of at least 80% of the capital, according to a United Nations estimate. 

Those groups, which include paramilitary and former police officers who pose as community leaders, have been responsible for the increase in killings, kidnappings and rapes since Moïse’s death, according to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program at Uppsala University in Sweden. According to a report from the U.N . released in January, more than 8,400 people were killed, injured or kidnapped in 2023, an increase of 122% increase from 2022.

“January and February have been the most violent months in the recent crisis, with thousands of people killed, or injured, or raped,” Beckett said.

Armed groups who had been calling for Henry’s resignation have already attacked airports, police stations, sea ports, the Central Bank and the country’s national soccer stadium. The situation reached critical mass earlier this month when the country’s two main prisons were raided , leading to the escape of about 4,000 prisoners. The beleaguered government called a 72-hour state of emergency, including a night-time curfew — but its authority had evaporated by then.

Aside from human-made catastrophes, Haiti still has not fully recovered from the devastating earthquake in 2010 that killed about 220,000 people and left 1.5 million homeless, many of them living in poorly built and exposed housing. More earthquakes, hurricanes and floods have followed, exacerbating efforts to rebuild infrastructure and a sense of national unity.

Since the earthquake, “there have been groups in Haiti trying to control that reconstruction process and the funding, the billions of dollars coming into the country to rebuild it,” said Beckett, who specializes in the Caribbean, particularly Haiti. 

Beckett said that control initially came from politicians and subsequently from armed groups supported by those politicians. Political “parties that controlled the government used the government for corruption to steal that money. We’re seeing the fallout from that.”

Many armed groups have formed in recent years claiming to be community groups carrying out essential work in underprivileged neighborhoods, but they have instead been accused of violence, even murder . One of the two main groups, G-9, is led by a former elite police officer, Jimmy Chérizier — also known as “Barbecue” — who has become the public face of the unrest and claimed credit for various attacks on public institutions. He has openly called for Henry to step down and called his campaign an “armed revolution.”

But caught in the crossfire are the residents of Haiti. In just one week, 15,000 people have been displaced from Port-au-Prince, according to a U.N. estimate. But people have been trying to flee the capital for well over a year, with one woman telling NBC News that she is currently hiding in a church with her three children and another family with eight children. The U.N. said about 160,000 people have left Port-au-Prince because of the swell of violence in the last several months. 

Deep poverty and famine are also a serious danger. Gangs have cut off access to the country’s largest port, Autorité Portuaire Nationale, and food could soon become scarce.

Haiti's uncertain future

A new transitional government may dismay the Haitians and their supporters who call for Haitian-led solutions to the crisis. 

But the creation of such a government would come after years of democratic disruption and the crumbling of Haiti’s political leadership. The country hasn’t held an election in eight years. 

Haitian advocates and scholars like Jemima Pierre, a professor at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, say foreign intervention, including from the U.S., is partially to blame for Haiti’s turmoil. The U.S. has routinely sent thousands of troops to Haiti , intervened in its government and supported unpopular leaders like Henry.

“What you have over the last 20 years is the consistent dismantling of the Haitian state,” Pierre said. “What intervention means for Haiti, what it has always meant, is death and destruction.”

In fact, the country’s situation was so dire that Henry was forced to travel abroad in the hope of securing a U.N. peacekeeping deal. He went to Kenya, which agreed to send 1,000 troops to coordinate an East African and U.N.-backed alliance to help restore order in Haiti, but the plan is now on hold . Kenya agreed last October to send a U.N.-sanctioned security force to Haiti, but Kenya’s courts decided it was unconstitutional. The result has been Haiti fending for itself. 

“A force like Kenya, they don’t speak Kreyòl, they don’t speak French,” Pierre said. “The Kenyan police are known for human rights abuses . So what does it tell us as Haitians that the only thing that you see that we deserve are not schools, not reparations for the cholera the U.N. brought , but more military with the mandate to use all kinds of force on our population? That is unacceptable.”  

Henry was forced to announce his planned resignation from Puerto Rico, as threats of violence — and armed groups taking over the airports — have prevented him from returning to his country.  

Now that Henry is to stand down, it is far from clear what the armed groups will do or demand next, aside from the right to govern. 

“It’s the Haitian people who know what they’re going through. It’s the Haitian people who are going to take destiny into their own hands. Haitian people will choose who will govern them,” Chérizier said recently, according to The Associated Press .

Haitians and their supporters have put forth their own solutions over the years, holding that foreign intervention routinely ignores the voices and desires of Haitians. 

In 2021, both Haitian and non-Haitian church leaders, women’s rights groups, lawyers, humanitarian workers, the Voodoo Sector and more created the Commission to Search for a Haitian Solution to the Crisis . The commission has proposed the “ Montana Accord ,” outlining a two-year interim government with oversight committees tasked with restoring order, eradicating corruption and establishing fair elections. 

For more from NBC BLK, sign up for our weekly newsletter .

CORRECTION (March 15, 2024, 9:58 a.m. ET): An earlier version of this article misstated which university Jemima Pierre is affiliated with. She is a professor at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, not the University of California, Los Angeles, (or Columbia University, as an earlier correction misstated).

Patrick Smith is a London-based editor and reporter for NBC News Digital.

Char Adams is a reporter for NBC BLK who writes about race.

Cyber Insight

What is case study in cyber security? Learn from real-life examples.

June 27, 2023

As a cyber security expert with years of experience, I understand how intimidating it can be to protect one’s digital presence in today’s world. We constantly hear about security breaches, ransomware attacks, and hackers stealing sensitive data. However, it’s not just the industry professionals who can learn to protect themselves from cyber-attacks. With the right knowledge, anyone can learn how to spot and neutralize potential threats.

One of the best ways to gain this knowledge is through real-life examples. That’s where case studies come in. These case studies allow us to learn from actual cyber-security incidents and understand what went wrong, why it happened, and how it could have been prevented. As a reader, you’ll be able to apply this knowledge to your own digital presence, and protect yourself, your family, and your business from cyber-attacks.

So, in this post, we’ll dive into what exactly a case study is in the context of cyber-security. I’ll show you how to use these case studies to learn from past security incidents, how they can help you understand the risks you face, and ultimately, how to protect yourself from becoming a victim of a cyber-attack. Are you ready to learn from some real-life examples in cyber-security? Let’s get started!

What is case study in cyber security?

The team responsible for conducting a cyber security case study typically employs a variety of methods to get a complete perspective on the threat environment. Some of the methods they may use include:

• Collecting data from internal security systems, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems, to identify potential threats
• Analyzing data on cyber-related threats from external sources, such as threat intelligence feeds and open-source intelligence (OSINT)
• Engaging with other organizations or industry groups to share information and best practices
• Conducting interviews with employees and other stakeholders to gather insights and information about the incident

Once the team has collected and analyzed all the necessary data, they develop a detailed report outlining their findings and recommendations for improving the organization’s cyber security posture. This report may be used to inform the development of new policies and procedures, or to train employees on how to better detect and respond to cyber threats. Ultimately, the goal of a cyber security case study is to help organizations become more resilient and better prepared to defend against cyber attacks.

???? Pro Tips:

1. Understand the purpose of a case study in cyber security. A case study is an in-depth analysis of a particular cybersecurity event or incident, which is used to identify the weaknesses in the system or processes and provide insights into how to improve them.

2. Choose the right case study. When selecting a case study for analysis, ensure that it is relevant to your organization’s cybersecurity practices and challenges. Consider factors such as industry, size, and security posture while selecting a case study.

3. Analyze the case study thoroughly. When analyzing a case study, pay attention to the details of the event or incident being studied. Take note of what went wrong, how it could have been prevented, and what the organization did to recover. This analysis will provide valuable insights into improving your organization’s cybersecurity defenses.

4. Discuss the findings with your team. Once you have analyzed the case study, share your findings and insights with your cybersecurity team. Use the case study as a learning opportunity to explain the importance of cybersecurity management and how to develop proactive strategies to prevent similar incidents.

5. Use the insights to strengthen your organization’s defense. After reviewing the case study and discussing its implications with your team, develop strategies and tactics to strengthen your organization’s cybersecurity defenses. Use the insights gained from analyzing the case study to better protect your organization from similar cyber attacks.

Understanding Case Study in Cyber Security

A case study is an in-depth analysis of a particular problem or situation. In the context of cyber security, a case study focuses on the use of specific tools and techniques to identify, analyze, and mitigate cyber threats. Cyber security case studies are valuable resources that help organizations better understand real-world threats and develop effective strategies to protect their assets against them. Case studies provide insight into how attackers target specific businesses, the methods they use, and the impact of their actions.

The Importance of Threat Monitoring in Cyber Security

Threat monitoring is one of the most crucial aspects of cyber security. It involves regularly monitoring and collecting data on cyber-related threats around the globe, which could affect the sector or business. The goal is to identify potential threats and notify the relevant teams so that they can take appropriate action to prevent or mitigate the risk. Without effective threat monitoring, organizations are vulnerable to a wide range of cyber threats, including malware, phishing attacks, ransomware, and other malicious activities.

Methods Used to Collect Data on Cyber-Related Threats

There are various methods used to collect data on cyber-related threats, including:

• Network scanning: This involves scanning the organization’s network to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats.
• Vulnerability assessments: This involves identifying and assessing potential vulnerabilities in the organization’s hardware, software, and network infrastructure.
• Penetration testing: This involves simulating a cyber-attack to identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities in the system.
• Intelligence gathering: This involves collecting and analyzing information from various sources, including social media, open-source databases, and other traditional intelligence sources, to identify potential threats.

Analyzing the Overall Threat Environment

An essential aspect of threat intelligence is analyzing the overall threat environment. Cyber security experts collect large amounts of data on threats and vulnerabilities to gain a complete perspective of the threat environment. This analysis involves identifying patterns, trends, and emerging threats that could affect an organization. There are numerous tools and techniques used to analyze the overall threat environment, including:

• Machine learning algorithms: This involves analyzing data using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to identify patterns and trends.
• Data visualization tools: This involves using charts, graphs, and other visual aids to represent data and identify trends.
• Threat intelligence platforms: This involves using specialized software and tools to automate threat intelligence gathering and analysis.

Assessing Threats and Motivations to Target a Business

Assessing threats and motivations to target a business is a critical aspect of cyber security. Cyber criminals are motivated by different factors, including financial gain, political motives, espionage, and so on. Understanding the motivations behind a cyber-attack can help organizations better prepare for and prevent or mitigate possible threats. Some common motivations include:

• Financial gain: Cyber criminals target businesses to steal sensitive data, intellectual property, or financial details that could help them steal money.
• Political motives: Hackers might target businesses to protest or create political unrest, this may go in line with their ideologies.
• Sabotage: Some cyber-attacks aim to sabotage a business’s operations or reputation.

Implementing Effective Cyber Security Measures

Effective cyber security measures involve identifying threats and implementing strategies to mitigate them. There are various ways to implement cybersecurity measures, including:

• Implementing security protocols: Security protocols ensure that all members of the organization follow the same procedures to maintain the security of the system. This includes guidelines for passwords, access control, and network security.
• Train employees: Training employees, every member of an organization is a potential entry point for a cyber attack, so all employees should be trained to identify and prevent cyber-attacks.
• Upgrading software and hardware: Outdated software and hardware are more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Upgrades to the latest versions can help prevent many cyber threats.

Staying Ahead of Emerging Cyber Threats

Staying ahead of emerging cyber threats is an essential aspect of cyber-security. Hackers are continuously developing new techniques and tools to circumvent security measures. To keep up with the ever-evolving threat landscape, cyber-security experts must continuously monitor the threat environment, track emerging trends, and implement new security protocols to mitigate new threats. In summary, cyber security experts must remain vigilant, employ a variety of threat monitoring methods and stay appraisable on emerging cyber threats.

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